Antarctic Peninsula

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Antarctic Peninsula Birds seen, MS Fram: Montevideo – Falklands – South Georgia – Antarctic Peninsula – Drake Passage – Ushuaia 29 October to 16 November 2016 Date 29 30 31 departure at sea at sea Montevideo Seabird Species King Penguin Gentoo Penguin Adélie Penguin Chinstrap Penguin Southern Rockhopper Penguin X Macaroni Penguin Magellanic Penguin X King Cormorant (Falkland form of Imperial or Blue- eyed Shag) South Georgia Shag (South Georgia form of Imperial or Blue-eyed Shag) Antarctic Shag (Antarctic form of Imperial or Blue- eyed Shag) Rock Shag Wilson's Storm-petrel X (20) Grey-backed Storm-petrel Black-bellied Storm-petrel Southern Royal Albatross Wandering Albatross X(1) X (2) Light-mantled Albatross Grey-headed Albatross Black-browed Albatross X X giant petrel sp. X X (50) Northern Giant Petrel X (6) Southern Giant Petrel X (1) Southern Giant Petrel (white morph) Southern Fulmar X (3) Antarctic Petrel Cape Petrel X X (20) Snow Petrel Blue Petrel Antarctic Prion prion sp. Soft-plumaged Petrel Atlantic Petrel X (30) White-chinned Petrel X (20) Sooty Shearwater X (3) Great Shearwater X (50+) X (200+) Manx Shearwater X Common Diving-petrel diving-petrel sp. Dolphin Gull Kelp Gull X (200) Antarctic Tern Antarctic Tern (South Georgia subspecies) South American Tern Royal Tern X (1) unidentified tern sp. (Sterna ) X (6) South Polar Skua Brown Skua unidentified skua sp. (Catharacta ) X (1) Snowy Sheathbill (=Pale-faced Sheathbill) Landbird species (Falklands) Kelp Goose Upland Goose Ruddy-headed Goose Flightless Steamer Duck Crested Duck South Georgia Pintail Black-crowned Night-heron Striated Caracara Turkey Vulture Blackish Oystercatcher Magellanic Oystercatcher Double-banded Plover Correndera Pipit South Georgia Pipit Austral Thrush Blackish Cinclodes Dark-faced Ground-tyrant Long-tailed Meadowlark Sedge Wren (= Grass Wren) Cobb's Wren Black-chinned Siskin White-bridled Finch (=Black-throated Finch) House Sparrow Landbird species (migrants resting on the boat) Spot-winged Dove 1 1 Wattled Jacana flew past! Tropical Kingbird 1 Bearded Tachuri 1 flycatcher sp. (with streaked breast) 1 Fork-tailed Flycatcher 1 dove sp. (small with white wing bars) 1 White-tipped Dove? 1 Chilean Swallow 1 1 Birds seen, MS Fram: Montevideo – Falklands – South Georgia – Antarctic Peninsula – Drake Passage – Ushuaia 29 October to 16 November 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 at sea Carcass West Point Stanley at sea at sea Fortuna Saunders Shag Rocks Strømness X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X (1) X (1) X X X X X (6) X X X X (60) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X (2) X X (20) X X X(1) X X (100+) X X X X (1) X (5) X (15) X X X X (2) X X X (10) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Grytviken at sea at sea Brown Bluff Paulet Is. Half Moon I Drake and at sea (stormy) (calm) Devil is. Whalers Bay Passage 1 X X X X X X X X(1) X X(2) X X X X X X X X(2) X(1) X X(5) X(1) X X X(3) X(2) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X(2) X X(20) X(10) X(1) X(5) X X X(200+) X(100) X X X(100+) X(1) X(1) X(20) X(30+) X(30+) X(1) X(20) X(3) X X X(many) X(50) X X X(100s) X X X (many) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X(1) X(1) X X X 15 16 Drake Passage 2 X X(6) X(1) X(1) X(5) X X(4) X X(5) X(4) X X(100) X(3).
Recommended publications
  • Complete Species Table in Species Number Order
    Page 1 of 19 Complete Species Table in Species Number order Go to species 100 .0, 200 .0, 300 .0, 400 .0, 500 .0, 600 .0, 700 .0, 800 .0, 900 .0 SPECIES COMMON NAME ALPHA CODE BAND SIZE 001 .0 Western Grebe WEGR 7A 7B 001 .1 Clark's Grebe CLGR 7A 7B 002 .0 Red-necked Grebe RNGR 7A 003 .0 Horned Grebe HOGR 6 5 004 .0 Eared Grebe EAGR 5 005 .0 Least Grebe LEGR 4 006 .0 Pied-billed Grebe PBGR 5 6 007 .0 Common Loon COLO 8 008 .0 Yellow-billed Loon YBLO 9 009 .0 Arctic Loon ARLO 7B 010 .0 Pacific Loon PALO 7B 011 .0 Red-throated Loon RTLO 7B 012 .0 Tufted Puffin TUPU 6 5 013 .0 Atlantic Puffin ATPU 5 014 .0 Horned Puffin HOPU 5 015 .0 Rhinoceros Auklet RHAU 5 6 016 .0 Cassin's Auklet CAAU 3B-3A 017 .0 Parakeet Auklet PAAU 4 018 .0 Crested Auklet CRAU 4 019 .0 Whiskered Auklet WHAU 3 020 .0 Least Auklet LEAU 2 3 021 .0 Ancient Murrelet ANMU 3B 3 023 .0 Marbled Murrelet MAMU 3B 3 023 .1 Long-billed Murrelet LBMU 3B 3 024 .0 Kittlitz's Murrelet KIMU 3B 025 .0 Xantus's Murrelet XAMU 2 026 .0 Craveri's Murrelet CRMU 2 027 .0 Black Guillemot BLGU 4 029 .0 Pigeon Guillemot PIGU 4A 030 .0 Common Murre COMU 6M 031 .0 Thick-billed Murre TBMU 6M 5R 032 .0 Razorbill RAZO 5R 034 .0 Dovekie DOVE 3 035 .0 Great.
    [Show full text]
  • Additional Records of Passerine Terrestrial Gaits
    ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF PASSERINE TERRESTRIAL GAITS GEORGE A. CLARK, JR. The varied methods of locomotion in birds pose significant problems in behavior, ecology, adaptation, and evolution. On the ground birds progress with their legs moving either synchronously (hopping) or asynchronously (walking, running) as the extreme conditions. Relatively terrestrial species often have asynchronous gaits, whereas primarily arboreal species are typically synchronous on the ground. Particularly important earlier studies on passerines are Kunkels’ (1962) comparative behavioral survey and Riiggebergs’ (1960) analysis of the morphological correlates of gaits. Over several years I have noted gaits for 47 passerine species in the U.S., En- gland, and Kenya, and have examined many references. I here sum- marize behavioral records for families not mentioned by Kunkel (1962) and also for species with gaits markedly unlike those of confamilial species discussed by him. My supplementary review is selective rather than ex- haustive with the aim of indicating more fully the distribution of gaits among the passerine families. Regional handbooks, life history studies, and other publications contain numerous additional records, but I know of none that negate the conclusions presented here. J. S. Greenlaw (in prep.) has reviewed elsewhere the passerine double-scratch foraging be- havior that has at times previously been discussed in connection with gaits (e.g., in Hailman 1973). VARIATION WITHIN SPECIES Gaits often vary within a species (Kunkel 1962, Hailman 1973, Schwartz 1964, Gobeil 1968, Eliot in Bent 1968:669-670, this study). As an addi- tional example, I have seen Common Grackles (Quisc&s quiscula) hop in contrast to their usual walk.
    [Show full text]
  • BIRDS OBSERVED at SEA DURING the VOYAGE of HMS BLONDE to HAWAII [1824-1826) by Storrs L
    ROVAL NAVAL BIRDWATCHING SOCIETY (1995) • Sea Swallow 44. BIRDS OBSERVED AT SEA DURING THE VOYAGE OF HMS BLONDE TO HAWAII [1824-1826) By Storrs L. Olson. It seems appropriate to put on record here some reports of birds observed at sea aboard a vessel of the Royal Navy that have remained unpublished for almost a century and three-quarters. In 1824 the 46-gun frigate Blonde departed England on a diplomatic mission to the Hawaiian Islands, under the command of George Anson, Lord Byron, who had succeeded to that title only a few months previously, upon the death of his cousin, the renowned poet. The Blonde crossed the Atlantic to Brazil by way of Madeira, sailed round Cape Horn, stopping in Chile, Peru, and the Galapagos, before arriving in Hawaii. She returned in 1826 via Maiden Island, Mauke [in the Cook group), Chile, and St. Helena. Aboard was a youthful and largely untrained naturalist, Andrew Bloxam, who prepared specimens and kept natural history notes during the voyage. Apart from a few observations incidentally included in a volume that appeared under Byron's name [Byron 1827] that was cobbled together by a compiler from several diaries, virtually nothing was published on the natural history of the voyage until I began my studies of Bloxam's manuscript natural history notes, which are housed at the British Museum [Natural History) [Olson 1986, in press a,b). These notes contain several references to landbirds observed at sea, as well as seabirds. There are several transcriptions of Bloxam's notes. The passages that follow are from a fair copy, with additional or variant information from rougher notes inserted in brackets [ ].
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended English Names
    86 BIRDS OF THE WORLD: RECOMMENDED ENGLISH NAMES Gill, F.B. & Wright, M. 2006. Princeton, NJ, and London, UK: Princeton University Press. 259 pp. with CD containing Microsoft Excel spreadsheets of species lists. Soft cover. ISBN 0691128278. US$20. Birds are among the few taxa for which non-scientific vernacular In addition to competing English names, the IOC committee had names are extensively used in scientific communication as well to deal with ongoing taxonomic shuffling too. It isn’t clear how as in the burgeoning birding community. Consequently, there is a they reached consensus here, but some recent splits are recognized need to have some consistency in the names used around the world. (e.g. Nazca Booby, Vega Gull, the various sub-Antarctic shags), and The International Ornithological Congress (IOC) sought to reach others are not (e.g. the suggested splits of Wandering, Yellow-nosed consensus in vernacular names for commonly used languages. and other albatrosses). As the editors reiterate, this compilation is a Standardized names have been published for French (Devillers work in progress, and future versions will undoubtedly address the and Ouellet 1993) and Spanish (Bernis 1995). The goal of Birds changing taxonomic landscape. of the World: Recommended English Names is to promote a set of unique English names for the extant bird species of the world. Led Everyone who peruses these lists will be disappointed to see some old originally by the now-late Burt Monroe, and then Frank Gill and favourites voted out and will find fault with some decisions (I think I Minturn Wright, an IOC committee and regional subcommittees hear the rumble of European dissent over their guillemots and divers).
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee
    Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories Compiled by S. Oldfield Edited by D. Procter and L.V. Fleming ISBN: 1 86107 502 2 © Copyright Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1999 Illustrations and layout by Barry Larking Cover design Tracey Weeks Printed by CLE Citation. Procter, D., & Fleming, L.V., eds. 1999. Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Disclaimer: reference to legislation and convention texts in this document are correct to the best of our knowledge but must not be taken to infer definitive legal obligation. Cover photographs Front cover: Top right: Southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome (Richard White/JNCC). The world’s largest concentrations of southern rockhopper penguin are found on the Falkland Islands. Centre left: Down Rope, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific (Deborah Procter/JNCC). The introduced rat population of Pitcairn Island has successfully been eradicated in a programme funded by the UK Government. Centre right: Male Anegada rock iguana Cyclura pinguis (Glen Gerber/FFI). The Anegada rock iguana has been the subject of a successful breeding and re-introduction programme funded by FCO and FFI in collaboration with the National Parks Trust of the British Virgin Islands. Back cover: Black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophris (Richard White/JNCC). Of the global breeding population of black-browed albatross, 80 % is found on the Falkland Islands and 10% on South Georgia. Background image on front and back cover: Shoal of fish (Charles Sheppard/Warwick
    [Show full text]
  • Part 4 Appendices
    Part 4 Appendices HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS MARINE RESERVE 139 Appendix 1. Proclamation of Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve 140 MANAGEMENT PLAN HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS MARINE RESERVE 141 142 MANAGEMENT PLAN Appendix 2. Native Fauna of the HIMI Marine Reserve Listed Under the EPBC Act Scientific Name Common Name Birds recorded as breeding Aptenodytes patagonicus king penguin S Catharacta lonnbergi subantarctic skua S Daption capense cape petrel S Diomeda exulans wandering albatross V S M B J A Diomeda melanophrys black–browed albatross S M B A Eudyptes chrysocome southern rockhopper penguin S Eudyptes chrysolophus macaroni penguin S Larus dominicanus kelp gull S Macronectes giganteus southern giant petrel E S M B A Oceanites oceanicus Wilson’s storm petrel S M J Pachyptila crassirostris fulmar prion S Pachyptila desolata Antarctic prion S Pelecanoides georgicus South Georgian diving petrel S Pelecanoides urinatrix common diving petrel S Phalacrocorax atriceps (e) Heard Island cormorant V S Phoebetria palpebrata light mantled sooty albatross S M B A Pygoscelis papua gentoo penguin S Sterna vittata Antarctic tern V S Non–breeding birds Catharacta maccormicki south polar skua S M J Diomedea epomophora southern royal albatross V S M B A Fregetta grallaria white–bellied storm petrel S Fregetta tropica black–bellied storm petrel S Fulmarus glacialoides southern fulmar S Garrodia nereis grey–backed storm petrel S Halobaena caerulea blue petrel V S Macronectes halli northern giant petrel V S M B A Pachyptila belcheri
    [Show full text]
  • Neotropical News Neotropical News
    COTINGA 1 Neotropical News Neotropical News Brazilian Merganser in Argentina: If the survey’s results reflect the true going, going … status of Mergus octosetaceus in Argentina then there is grave cause for concern — local An expedition (Pato Serrucho ’93) aimed extinction, as in neighbouring Paraguay, at discovering the current status of the seems inevitable. Brazilian Merganser Mergus octosetaceus in Misiones Province, northern Argentina, During the expedition a number of sub­ has just returned to the U.K. Mergus tropical forest sites were surveyed for birds octosetaceus is one of the world’s rarest — other threatened species recorded during species of wildfowl, with a population now this period included: Black-fronted Piping- estimated to be less than 250 individuals guan Pipile jacutinga, Vinaceous Amazon occurring in just three populations, one in Amazona vinacea, Helmeted Woodpecker northern Argentina, the other two in south- Dryocopus galeatus, White-bearded central Brazil. Antshrike Biata s nigropectus, and São Paulo Tyrannulet Phylloscartes paulistus. Three conservation biologists from the U.K. and three South American counter­ PHIL BENSTEAD parts surveyed c.450 km of white-water riv­ Beaver House, Norwich Road, Reepham, ers and streams using an inflatable boat. Norwich, NR10 4JN, U.K. Despite exhaustive searching only one bird was located in an area peripheral to the species’s historical stronghold. Former core Black-breasted Puffleg found: extant areas (and incidently those with the most but seriously threatened. protection) for this species appear to have been adversely affected by the the Urugua- The Black-breasted Puffleg Eriocnemis í dam, which in 1989 flooded c.80 km of the nigrivestis has been recorded from just two Río Urugua-í.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment for Fisheries Operating in South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
    FAO International Plan of Action-Seabirds: An assessment for fisheries operating in South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands by Nigel Varty, Ben Sullivan and Andy Black BirdLife International Global Seabird Programme Cover photo – Fishery Patrol Vessel (FPV) Pharos SG in Cumberland Bay, South Georgia This document should be cited as: Varty, N., Sullivan, B. J. and Black, A. D. (2008). FAO International Plan of Action-Seabirds: An assessment for fisheries operating in South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands. BirdLife International Global Seabird Programme. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK. 2 Executive Summary As a result of international concern over the cause and level of seabird mortality in longline fisheries, the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) Committee of Fisheries (COFI) developed an International Plan of Action-Seabirds. The IPOA-Seabirds stipulates that countries with longline fisheries (conducted by their own or foreign vessels) or a fleet that fishes elsewhere should carry out an assessment of these fisheries to determine if a bycatch problem exists and, if so, to determine its extent and nature. If a problem is identified, countries should adopt a National Plan of Action – Seabirds for reducing the incidental catch of seabirds in their fisheries. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) are a United Kingdom Overseas Territory and the combined area covered by the Territorial Sea and Maritime Zone of South Georgia is referred to as the South Georgia Maritime Zone (SGMZ) and fisheries within the SGMZ are managed by the Government of South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (GSGSSI) within the framework of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living (CCAMLR).
    [Show full text]
  • CHANGES to IBPAOU20.DBF (FROM IBPAOU20.DBF) BASED on AOS (2021) This File Documents All Changes to Species Names and Codes to IB
    CHANGES TO IBPAOU20.DBF (FROM IBPAOU20.DBF) BASED ON AOS (2021) This file documents all changes to species names and codes to IBPAOU21 (from IBPAOU20) performed in June 2021. These changes are based on changes to species and nomenclature as recorded in the 62nd Supplement to the AOS Checklist, made available online by the AOS in late June 2020. In all cases additions and changes were thoroughly cross-checked for new conflicts and for the release of old conflicts. Unless stated it can be assumed that no new conflicts occurred. NUMB, CAT, PNO, and ORD codes (species number, category, species status, and order) are internal codes used by IBP, in part to resolve conflicts (see Pyle and DeSante 2003, listed on IBP's alpha-code page for details). Changed: Falcipennis canadensis (Spruce Grouse) to Canachites canadensis, SPEC6 to CANCAN (from FALCAN). Inserted: Common Wood Pigeon (Columba palumbas) (after Rock Pigeon); NUMB=12513, CAT=2, SPEC=CWPI, ORD=1, SPEC6=COLPAL, ORD6=1. Re-arranged: 9 species among genus Chaetura as indicated. Changed: Calliphlox bryantae (Magenta-throated Woodstar) to Philodice bryantae, and C. mitchellii (Purple-throated Woodstar) to P. mitcheillii; SPEC6 to PHIBRY (from CALBRY) and PHIMIT (from CALMIT), respectively. Inserted: Amazilia Hummingbird (Amazilis amazilia) (after Mangrove Hummingbird); NUMB=08205, CAT=3, SPEC=AMHU, ORD=1, SPEC6=AMAAMZ, ORD6=2. ORD6 = 2 due to conflict of ORD6=1 code (AMAAMA) with that for Amandava amandava (see below). Inserted: Pallas's Gull (Icthyaetus icthyaetus) (after Franklin's Gull); NUMB=04605, CAT=2, SPEC=PAGU, ORD=1, SPEC6=ICHICH, ORD6=1. Changed: Mew Gull to Common Gull (Larus canus), NUMB to 04677 (from 04680), CAT to 2 (from 1), SPEC to COGU (from MEGU).
    [Show full text]
  • Snowy Sheathbills and What You Really Need to Know
    Snowy Sheathbills and what you really need to know Reprinted from British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, No. 2, December 1963, p. 53-71 THE SHEATHBILL, Chionis alba (Gmelin), AT SIGNY ISLAND, SOUTH ORKNEY ISLANDS By N. V. Jones ABSTRACT. A study of the sheathbill, Chionis alba (Gmelin), was carried out at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, between April 1961 and April 1962. The general characteristics of the species and the annual population cycle have been investigated. Breeding birds return to the island early in October, form pairs early in November, and establish territories later in November. There is a high level of fidelity to a previous year's mate and considerable nest-site tenacity. Nests are concentrated around penguin (Pygoscelis adetiae and P. antarctica) colonies, the closer association being with the latter species. Both sexes participate in nest construction, incubation and the care of the chick. Egg-laying begins in early December, but full incubation starts only when clutches, which number from one to four, are complete. The normal incubation period is 30 days. Chicks are fed largely on "krill", obtained by disturbing penguins which are feeding their own young, and the sheathbill's life cycle is suitably coincident with that of the penguins. Chicks fledge when 50 to 60 days old and at this stage they become shore feeders. Chicks and adults disperse from the island in about mid-May, and there is evidence of a rather loose northward migration in winter. No definite predators are known. A number of parasites have been recorded. THIS paper describes work done on the sheathbill at Signy Island (lat.
    [Show full text]
  • Penguin Island ANTARCTIC TREATY Penguin Island Visitor Site Guide 62˚06’S, 57˚54’W - Eastern King George Island
    Penguin Island ANTARCTIC TREATY Penguin Island visitor site guide 62˚06’S, 57˚54’W - Eastern King George Island Key features King George Is. - Dormant volcanic cone Ferraz Station Turret Point - Southern Giant Petrels Admiralty Bay Elephant Is. Maxwell Bay PENGUIN ISLAND Marsh/frei Stations Great Wall Station - Chinstrap Penguins Bellingshausen Station Arctowski Station Artigas Station Jubany Station King Sejong Station - Vegetation Potter Cove Aitcho Islands Nelson Is. - Whale bones Robert Is. Mitchell Cove Greenwich Is. Robert Point Fort Point Half Moon Is. Yankee Harbour Description Livingston Is. TOPOGRAPHY This oval island is 1.6km long. The site’s prominent geological feature is the 170m high cone of Deacon Hannah Point Bransfield Strait Peak, the northernSnow face Is. of which slopes gently down to the landing beach. Most of the island is surrounded by low cliffs, and thereTelefon is a crater lake in the northeast. Bay Pendulum Cove Gourdin Is. FAUNA Confirmed breeders: ChinstrapDeception penguin Is. Pygoscelis( Baily Head antarctica), Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), southern giant petrel (MacronectesVapour Col giganteus), Antarctic tern (Sterna vittata), kelp gull (Larus Cape Whaler's Bay Dubouzet dominicanus), and skuas (Catharacta spp.). Likely breeders: Snowy sheathbill (Chionis alba) B.and O'higgins Wilson’s Station storm petrel (Oceanites oceanicus). Regular roosting: blue-eyed shags (AstrPhalacrocoraxolabe atriceps). RegularlyCape Hope Legoupil haul out: Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) and Weddell seals (IslandLeptonychotes weddellii). Bay a FLORA Deschampsia antarctica, Colobanthus quitensis, Xanthoria elegans, moss species, Caloplaca and otherinsul crustose lichen species, and large swards of the fruticose lichen Usnea antarctica. Pen inity Northwest (Nw) Tr Subarea Bone Bay Visitor Impact Tower Is.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid Radiation of Southern Ocean Shags in Response to Receding Sea Ice 2 3 Running Title: Blue-Eyed Shag Phylogeography 4 5 Nicolas J
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.18.456742; this version posted August 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 1 Rapid radiation of Southern Ocean shags in response to receding sea ice 2 3 Running title: Blue-eyed shag phylogeography 4 5 Nicolas J. Rawlence1, *, Alexander T. Salis1, 2, Hamish G. Spencer1, Jonathan M. Waters1, 6 Lachie Scarsbrook1, Richard A. Phillips3, Luciano Calderón4, Timothée R. Cook5, Charles- 7 André Bost6, Ludovic Dutoit1, Tania M. King1, Juan F. Masello7, Lisa J. Nupen8, Petra 8 Quillfeldt7, Norman Ratcliffe3, Peter G. Ryan5, Charlotte E. Till1, 9, Martyn Kennedy1,* 9 1 Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. 10 2 Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. 11 3 British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom. 12 4 Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM, CONICET-UNCuyo), Argentina. 13 5 FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Biological Sciences, University 14 of Cape Town, South Africa. 15 6 CEBC-CNRS, UMR 7372, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, 79360 Villiers en Bois, 16 France. 17 7 Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. 18 8 Organisation for Tropical Studies, Skukuza, South Africa. 19 9 School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Arizona, USA. 20 21 Prepared for submission as a research article to Journal of Biogeography 22 23 * Corresponding authors: [email protected]; [email protected] 24 25 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 26 This work was supported with funding from the University of Otago.
    [Show full text]