Wba Championships Report
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Robert Easter, Javier Fortuna, Marcus Browne & Adam Kownacki Media Conference Call Transcript & Audio Recording
Robert Easter, Javier Fortuna, Marcus Browne & Adam Kownacki Media Conference Call Transcript & Audio Recording Lou DiBella Thanks for joining us. Greetings from the blizzard in New York City. I know that Marcus Browne and Adam Kownacki are both local right now, so they’re experiencing this insanity with me, and I guess a lot of you are also. So we’re going to try to warm up this blizzard afternoon and talk boxing for a little bit. Errol Spence versus Lamont Peterson, terrific fight Saturday, January 20, 2018 on SHOWTIME, 9 p.m. ET/6:00 p.m. PT, presented by Premier Boxing Champions and of course at the beautiful Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. Tickets for the event are priced starting at 50 bucks, and they can be purchased at Ticketmaster.com, BarclaysCenter.com, the box office at Barclays Center or by calling 800-745-3000. We have a terrific undercard, and we’re going to talk to the principals on that undercard on this call. We’re going to start with two gentlemen that are going to be in two fights that are going to start our televised evening off on SHOWTIME Sports YouTube channel and SHOWTIME Boxing’s Facebook page. Marcus Browne, 20-0, 15 KOs in Staten Island, New York, coming off a sensational knockout of Seanie Monaghan, rated Number 3 by the WBC, 7 by the WBA, 6 by the IBF, 4 by the WBO. One of the rising stars at light heavyweight, making his 12th appearance at the Barclays Center and pretty much fighting and waiting out his chance for a huge fight and a world title fight that will be coming, I think, shortly in 2018. -
Vehicle Crashes Into Business
TONIGHT Scattered T-storms. Low of 70. Search for The Westfield News The WestfieldNews Search for “I TheT IWestfieldS NOT NewsLOVE Westfield350.com The WestfieldNews THAT IS BLIND, Serving Westfield, Southwick, and surrounding Hilltowns “TIMEBUT IS JEALOUSYTHE ONLY .” WEATHER — LaCRITICWRE NCWITHOUTE DURRE LL TONIGHT AMBITION.” Partly Cloudy. SearchJOHN for STEINBECK The Westfield News LowWestfield350.comWestfield350.org of 55. Thewww.thewestfieldnews.com WestfieldNews Serving Westfield, Southwick, and surrounding Hilltowns “TIME IS THE ONLY VOL.WEATHER 86 NO. 151 TUESDAY, JUNE 27, 2017 CRITIC75 cents WITHOUT VOL.TONIGHT 87 NO. 190 FRIDAY, AUGUST 17, 2018 75AMBITION Cents .” Partly Cloudy. JOHN STEINBECK Low of 55. www.thewestfieldnews.com VOL. 86 NO. 151 TUESDAY,Business JUNE 27, 2017continues as City Council 75 cents returns from summer break By AMY PORTER Correspondent WESTFIELD – After a six week break, City Council mem- bers came back together Thursday, ready to ask questions and move some items forward and others to committee. The Council voted unanimously for a STEP (Sustained Traffic Enforcement Program) grant from the Executive Office of Public Westfield firefighters Keith Lemon and Mike Albert use a chain Safety and Security to the saw to cut a hole in the roof of a Pequot Point Road house in ordr Westfield Police Department in to bring a hose to bear on a smoldering fire in the attic. (Photo by the amount of $6,764, to be added Carl E. Hartdegen) to a previous grant award of $9,534. A second request from the Mayor for immediate consider- Lake house burns ation of an appropriation of $1,219 from the Personnel, Full-time John Oleksak spoke at a public hearing at City Council for a zoning By CARL E. -
World Boxing Association
WORLD BOXING ASSOCIATION GILBERTO MENDOZA PRESIDENT OFFICIAL RATINGS AS OF AUGUST 2011 th th Based on results held from August 05 To August 29 , 2011 CHAIRMAN MEMBERS Edificio Ocean Business Plaza, Ave. JOSE OLIVER GOMEZ E-mail: [email protected] Aquilino de la Guardia con Calle 47, BARTOLOME TORRALBA (SPAIN) Oficina 1405, Piso 14 JOSE EMILIO GRAGLIA (A RGENTINA) Cdad. de Panamá, Panamá VICE CHAIRMAN ALAN KIM (KOREA) Phone: + (507) 340-6425 GEORG E MARTINEZ E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.wbanews.com HEAVYWEIGHT (Over 200 Lbs / 90.71 Kgs) CRUISERWEIGHT (200 Lbs / 90.71 Kgs) LIGHT HEAVYWEIGHT (175 Lbs / 79.38 Kgs) SUPER CHAMPION: WLADIMIR KLITSCHKO UKR World Champion: GUILLERMO JONES PAN World Cham pion: BEIBU T SHUMENOV KAZ World Champion: Won Title: 09- 27-08 Won Title: 01-29- 10 ALEXANDER POVETKIN RUS Last Mandatory: 10- 02-10 Last Mandatory: 07-23- 10 Won Title: 08-27-11 Last Defense: 10-02-10 Last Defense: 07-29-11 Last Mandatory: INTERIM CHAMPION: YOAN PABLO HERNANDEZ CUB Last Defense: IBF: STEVE CUNNINGHAM - WBO: MARCO HUCK WBC: BERNARD HOPKINS - IBF: TAVORIS CLOUD WBC: KRZYSZTOF WLODARCZYK WBC: VITALY KLITSCHKO - IBF:WLADIMIR KLITSCHKO WBO: NATHAN CLEVERLY WBO : WLADIMIR KLITSCHKO 1. HASIM RAHMAN USA 1. LATEEF KAYODE (NABA) NIG 1. GABRIEL CAMPILLO (OC) SPA 2. DAVID HAYE U.K. 2. PAWEL KOLODZIEJ (WBA INT) POL 2. GAYRAT AMEDOV (WB A INT) UZB 3. ROBERT HELENIUS (WBA I/C) FIN 3. OLA AFOLABI U.K. 3. DAWID KOSTECKY (WBA I/C) POL 4. ALEXANDER USTINO V (EBA) RUS 4. STEVE HERELIUS FRA 4. -
WORLD BOXING ASSOCIATION GILBERTO JESUS MENDOZA PRESIDENT OFFICIAL RATINGS AS of AUGUST Based on Results Held from 01St to August 31St, 2018
2018 Ocean Business Plaza Building, Av. Aquilino de la Guardia and 47 St., 14th Floor, Office 1405 Panama City, Panama Phone: +507 203-7681 www.wbaboxing.com WORLD BOXING ASSOCIATION GILBERTO JESUS MENDOZA PRESIDENT OFFICIAL RATINGS AS OF AUGUST Based on results held from 01st to August 31st, 2018 CHAIRMAN VICE CHAIRMAN MIGUEL PRADO SANCHEZ - PANAMA GUSTAVO PADILLA - PANAMA [email protected] [email protected] The WBA President Gilberto Jesus Mendoza has been acting as interim MEMBERS ranking director for the compilation of this ranking. The current GEORGE MARTINEZ - CANADA director Miguel Prado is on a leave of absence for medical reasons. JOSE EMILIO GRAGLIA - ARGENTINA MARIANA BORISOVA - BULGARIA Over 200 Lbs / 200 Lbs / 175 Lbs / HEAVYWEIGHT CRUISERWEIGHT LIGHT HEAVYWEIGHT Over 90.71 Kgs 90.71 Kgs 79.38 Kgs WBA SUPER CHAMPION: ANTHONY JOSHUA GBR WBA SUPER CHAMPION: OLEKSANDR USYK UKR WORLD CHAMPION: MANUEL CHARR SYR CHAMPION IN RECESS: DENIS LEBEDEV RUS WORLD CHAMPION: DMITRY BIVOL RUS WBC: DEONTAY WILDER WORLD CHAMPION: BEIBUT SHUMENOV KAZ WBC: ADONIS STEVENSON IBF: ANTHONY JOSHUA WBO: ANTHONY JOSHUA WBC: OLEKSANDR USYK IBF: ARTUR BETERBIEV WBO: ELEIDER ALVAREZ 1. TREVOR BRYAN INTERIM CHAMP USA IBF: OLEKSANDR USYK WBO: OLEKSANDR USYK 1. BADOU JACK SWE 2. ALEXANDER POVETKIN I/C RUS 1. ARSEN GOULAMIRIAN INTERIM CHAMP ARM 2. MARCUS BROWNE USA 3. FRES OQUENDO PUR 2. MAKSIM VLASOV RUS 3. KARO MURAT ARM 4. JARRELL MILLER USA 3. KRZYSZTOF GLOWACKI POL 4. SULLIVAN BARRERA CUB 5. DILLIAN WHYTE JAM 4. MATEUSZ MASTERNAK POL 5. SHEFAT ISUFI SRB 6. DERECK CHISORA INT GBR 5. RUSLAN FAYFER RUS 6. -
Hawaiian Gardens TV Channel Seeks Stars El Canal De Televisión De
Hawaiian Gardens TV Channel Seeks Stars News, sports, traffic reports, weather, and business reports the latest additions to Hawaiian Gardens Government channel. Also new is a more convenient program guide that is available on the cable channel as well as the city website (www.hgcity.org) Viewed on Time Warner Cable channel 36 or Verizon Fios channel 16, programming includes “Eye on Hawaiian Gardens”, a monthly program on events and services in the City. There are also live broadcasts of City Council meetings with additional rebroadcasts during the week. The bulletin board which runs between programs advertises current services, events and activities in the City. Other programs featured on the channel include “The Vintage Car show”, “ABC Unified School district meetings”, “Pulse of the Port” (a show about the Port of Long Beach), “LA Now” (a weekly program about Los Angeles County), and of course local boxing tournaments, soccer championship games and ballet folklorico recitals. The community is invited to provide feedback and suggestions on programming. For those of you who have a musical talent, would like to show your cooking skills, or have an interesting life story, this could be your big chance to be on television. Use the “contact page” on the city website or call, Bashir Matin at City Hall for more information (562) 420-2641. El canal de televisión de Hawaiian Gardens busca estrellas El canal del gobierno de Hawaiian Gardens cuenta ahora con noticias, deportes, reportes de tráfico, el clima y los negocios, además de una nueva y conveniente guía de programación disponible en el canal de cable y en el sitio Web de la Ciudad, www.hgcity.org. -
World Boxing Council Ratings
WORLD BOXING COUNCIL R A T I N G S RATINGS AS OF SEPTEMBER - 2018 / CLASIFICACIONES DEL MES DE SEPTIEMBRE - 2018 WORLD BOXING COUNCIL / CONSEJO MUNDIAL DE BOXEO COMITE DE CLASIFICACIONES / RATINGS COMMITTEE WBC Adress: Riobamba # 835, Col. Lindavista 07300 – CDMX, México Telephones: (525) 5119-5274 / 5119-5276 – Fax (525) 5119-5293 E-mail: [email protected] RATINGS RATINGS AS OF SEPTEMBER - 2018 / CLASIFICACIONES DEL MES DE SEPTIEMBRE - 2018 HEAVYWEIGHT (+200 - +90.71) CHAMPION: DEONTAY WILDER (US) EMERITUS CHAMPION: VITALI KLITSCHKO (UKRAINE) WON TITLE: January 17, 2015 LAST DEFENCE: March 3, 2018 LAST COMPULSORY: November 4, 2017 WBC SILVER CHAMPION: Dillian Whyte (Jamaica/GB) WBC INT. CHAMPION: VACANT WBA CHAMPION: Anthony Joshua (GB) IBF CHAMPION: Anthony Joshua (GB) WBO CHAMPION: Anthony Joshua (GB) Contenders: WBO CHAMPION: Joseph Parker (New Zealand) WBO CHAMPION:WBO CHAMPION: Joseph Parker Joseph (New Parker Zealand) (New Zealand) 1 Dillian Whyte (Jamaica/GB) SILVER Note: all boxers rated within the top 15 are 2 Luis Ortiz (Cuba) required to register with the WBC Clean 3 Tyson Fury (GB) * CBP/P Boxing Program at: www.wbcboxing.com 4 Dominic Breazeale (US) Continental Federations Champions: 5 Tony Bellew (GB) ABCO: 6 Joseph Parker (New Zealand) ABU: Tshibuabua Kalonga (Congo/Germany) BBBofC: Hughie Fury (GB) 7 Agit Kabayel (Germany) EBU CISBB: 8 Dereck Chisora (GB) EBU: Agit Kabayel (Germany) 9 Charles Martin (US) FECARBOX: 10 FECONSUR: Adam Kownacki (US) NABF: Oscar Rivas (Colombia/Canada) 11 Oscar Rivas (Colombia/Canada) NABF OPBF: Kyotaro Fujimoto (Japan) 12 Hughie Fury (GB) BBB C 13 Bryant Jennings (US) Affiliated Titles Champions: Commonwealth: Joe Joyce (GB) 14 Andy Ruiz Jr. -
HEAVYWEIGHT (OVER 200 LBS) CH Wladimir Klitschko UKR 1 Wladimir
HEAVYWEIGHT (OVER 200 LBS) CRUISERWEIGHT (200 LBS) LT. HEAVYWEIGHT (175 LBS) S. MIDDLEWEIGHT (168 LBS) CH Wladimir Klitschko UKR CH VACANT CH Tavoris Cloud USA CH Lucian Bute CAN 1 Wladimir Klitschko UKR 1 NOT RATED 1 Tavoris Cloud USA 1 Lucian Bute CAN 2 Alexander Povetkin RUS 2 Steve Cunningham USA 2 NOT RATED 2 Librado Andrade USA 3 NOT RATED 3 NOT RATED 3 NOT RATED 3 NOT RATED 4 Eddie Chambers USA 4 Matt Godfrey USA 4 Roy Jones Jr USA 4 Arthur Abraham ARM 5 Samuel Peter USA 5 Grigory Drozd RUS 5 Yusaf Mack USA 5 Sakio Bika AUS 6 Denis Boytsov GER 6 Troy Ross CAN 6 Antonio Tarver USA 6 Allan Green USA 7 Oleg Maskaev KAZ 7 B.J. Flores USA 7 Nathan Cleverly WLS 7 Jesse Brinkley USA 8 Alexander Dimitrenko GER 8 Yoan Pablo Hernandez GER 8 Jeff Lacy USA 8 Karoly Balzsay HUN 9 Ruslan Chagaev UZB 9 Denis Lebedev RUS 9 Karo Murat GER 9 Dennis Inkin GER 10 James Toney USA 10 Enad Licina GER 10 Aleksy Kuziemski POL 10 Edison Miranda COL 11 NOT RATED 11 Vadim Tokarev RUS 11 NOT RATED 11 Andre Dirrell USA 12 Ray Austin USA 12 Krzysztof Wlodarczyk POL 12 Chris Henry USA 12 Vitaly Tsypko UKR 13 Fres Oquendo PRI 13 Enzo Maccarinelli WLS 13 Shauna George USA 13 Curtis Stevens USA 14 Johnathon Banks USA 14 Francisco Palacios PRI 14 Vyacheslav Uzelkov UKR 14 Shannan Taylor AUS 15 David Tua USA 15 Alexander Frenkel GER 15 Joey Spina USA 15 Jean Paul Mendy FRA 16 Michael Grant USA 16 Pawel Kolodziej POL 16 Silvio Branco ITA 16 Fulgencio Zuniga COL Page 1/5 MIDDLEWEIGHT (160 LBS) JR. -
Son of the Fallen Afghan Man He Suspected of Being a Taliban Bomb-Maker
MILITARY NFL FACES Service members, families Ravens’ Jackson ‘Rise of Skywalker’ script among attendees of papal throws 5 TD passes leaked after actor left it Mass at Tokyo Dome in blowout of Rams under bed, director says Page 4 Back page Page 18 Trump’s actions in SEAL’s case raise questions about president’s role » Page 5 stripes.com Volume 78, No. 160 ©SS 2019 WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 2019 50¢/Free to Deployed Areas Army major pardoned by Trump wants medal back BY NANCY MONTGOMERY Stars and Stripes First hailed a hero, then stripped of his Silver Star and charged with murder only to be pardoned by the president, Maj. Mathew Golsteyn now wants his medal and Special Forces tab restored. “We’re trying to get back what he had,” said Golsteyn’s lawyer, Phil- lip Stackhouse. “There’s a letter sit- ting with the secretary of the Army right now.” Golsteyn, a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy and former Green Beret, also wants the Silver Star he was awarded in Jake Spann visits the 2010 to be up- grave of his father, graded to the CIA officer Johnny Distinguished “Mike” Spann, at Service Cross, Arlington National the military’s Cemetery in July. second-highest honor. BILL O’LEARY The Washington Post The upgrade had been ap- proved but not Golsteyn awarded before an investigation into whether Golsteyn committed a crime in Afghanistan in killing an Son of the fallen Afghan man he suspected of being a Taliban bomb-maker. Whether Golsteyn regains his honors may depend on how involved He was a baby when his dad died in Afghanistan. -
Wonderworld VR Is Following Super Middleweight World Champion Badou Jack in Virtual Reality
Press release Stockholm, 8 January, 2017 Wonderworld VR is following Super middleweight world champion Badou Jack in virtual reality Super middleweight world champions Badou Jack and James DeGale are set to unify the 168-pound class. Both champions retained their titles on a doubleheader last April 30. Jack and DeGale will face off in a long-awaited unification to determine the No. 1 fighter in the super middleweight division on Saturday, January 14, 2017 at Barclays Center in New York. During this week, leading up to the fight, the international virtual reality company Wonderworld VR has signed an exclusive agreement with Badou Jack to follow him day and night in virtual reality in a way that has never been done before. Simon Romanus, CEO Wonderworld VR, says: "We’re very excited to have this unique opportunity. This will give all sport fans a chance to actually feel as if they are with a professional boxer wherever he goes. We have access to him in the ring, at the training facilities and even in his home in Las Vegas. This is the first time ever that a world champion boxer gives this kind of back stage fan experience in VR. Badou Jack himself says that it is fun exploring new ways to reach his fans. “I like to take unexpected roads and this is just one of many. When Wonderworld VR showed me virtual reality I was immediately hooked. It is such a powerful media and I want to be a part of it.” Simon Romanus explains why the company has been so successful in creating VR content and also leading the way for live VR broadcasting in the world. -
WBA Ratings Movements As of March 2018
WBA RATINGS COMMITTEE March 2018 Movements Report Based on results held from March 01st, 2018 to March 31st, 2018 Miguel Prado Sanchez Chairman Gustavo Padilla Vice Chairman HEAVYWEIGHT DATE PLACE BOXER A RESULT BOXER B TITLE REMARKS JOHN MACKIE 03-24-2018 LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM DILLIAN WHYTE WKO 6 LUCAS BROWNE WBC SILVER JOHN KEANE MALCOLM BULNER 03-31-2018 CARDIFF, WALES ALEXANDER POVETKIN WKO 5 DAVID PRICE WBA INTER-CONTINENTAL STEVE GRAY 118 - 110 03-31-2018 WALES, UNITED KINGDOM ANTHONY JOSHUA WUD 12 JOSEPH PARKER UNIFICATION WBA SUPER WORLD IAN SCOTT 119 - 109 STEVE WEISFELD 118 - 110 OUT Nº 14 Lucas Browne go out of the rating because he losing (KO6) with a higher ranked. (Nº 9 Dillian Whyte) ENTER Bogdan Dinu enters at position Nº 14 due to Browne´s removal. PROMOTIONS Nº 9 D. Whyte goes up one position due to activity. DEMOTIONS Nº 8 C. Hammer goes down one position due to Whyte´s promotion. CRUISERWEIGHT DATE PLACE BOXER A RESULT BOXER B TITLE REMARKS JEROME LADES 119 - 109 03-03-2018 GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA KEVIN LERENA WUD 12 DMYTRO KUCHER OLENA POBYVAILO 117 - 111 EDDIE PAPPOE 119 - 109 LEVI MARTINEZ 03-24-2018 MARSEILLE, FRANCE ARSEN GOULAMIRIAN WTKO 11 RYAD MERHY INTERIM WBA WORLD JOSE ROBERTO TORRES JEREMY HAYES No. 14 Kudryashov go out of the ratings due to Flanagan´s entrance OUT Nº 15 Youri Kalenga goes out of the rating due to Mark Flanagan entrance. Beibut Shumenov enters at position Nº 2 due to caliber and because he is a former WBA champion. -
Una Settimana Di Assoluto Prestigio
LA RIVISTA UFFICIALE DELLA FEDERAZIONE PUGILISTICA ITALIANA DAL 1952 - 06/2019 UNA SETTIMANA DI ASSOLUTO PRESTIGIO Roma Caput Mundi con gli Assoluti Elite POSTE ITALIANE SPA - Spedizione in AP - D.L. 353/2003 (convertito in Legge 1, DCB 27/02/2004 n.46) Art. 1, comma ROMA 353/2003 (convertito in AP - D.L. - Spedizione SPA ITALIANE POSTE Largo ai giovani con i campionati Junior e Youth Per Mauro Forte e Simone Federici successi internazionali LOGO SERVIZI A COLORI IN POSITIVO/NEGATIVO SERVIZI SERVIZI SERVIZI SERVIZI LA RIVISTA UFFICIALE DELLA FEDERAZIONE PUGILISTICA ITALIANA, FINALMENTE DIVENTA ON LINE SFOGLIA BOXE RING SU BOXERING.FPI.IT DA OGGI PUOI SFOGLIARE BOXE RING SUL TUO COMPUTER, TABLET O CELLULARE DIGITANDO http://www.boxering.fpi.it DOVE TROVI LA NUOVA RIVISTA ON-LINE GRATUITAMENTE, SEMPRE AGGIORNATA, SEMPRE PIÙ RICCA DI ARTICOLI, SEMPRE PIÙ RICCA DI IMMAGINI, SEMPRE PIÙ BOXE RING. DESIDERI ANCORA RICEVERE LA RIVISTA CARTACEA? PUOI CHIEDERE LA VERSIONE STAMPATA, RICEVENDOLA DIRETTAMENTE A CASA TUA. 6 NUMERI DI BOXE RING AL COSTO DI 12,00 EURO PER I TESSERATI, 20,00 EURO PER I NON TESSERATI. PER ABBONARTI EFFETTUA IL PAGAMENTO TRAMITE: BONIFICO - IBAN : IT 31 X 01005 03309 000000010121 CARTA DI CREDITO - PAGAMENTI ONLINE: POS BNL INTESTATO A: FEDERAZIONE PUGILISTICA ITALIANA VIALE TIZIANO, 70 00196 ROMA. INDICA SEMPRE NELLA CAUSALE IL TIPO DI ABBONAMENTO SCELTO. COMPLETA L’ABBONAMENTO INVIANDO UNA E-MAIL A: [email protected] O UN FAX AL NUMERO: 0632824250, CON LA COPIA DELL’AVVENUTO PAGAMENTO. ASSOLUTI 2019 A ROMA a pag 5 DEONTAY WILDER a pag 21 SOMMARIO p. -
Npc Bodybuilding Division Rules
NATIONAL PHYSIQUE COMMITTEE OF THE USA PO Box 3711, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230 USA TOLL FREE: 1-866-304-4322 PHONE: 412-276-5027 FAX: 412-281-0471 EMAIL: [email protected] WEB: www.NPCnewsOnline.com NPC BODYBUILDING DIVISION RULES Posing Music • Posing Music will be used at the Finals only. • Posing Music must be on CD and must be the only music on the CD. • Posing Music should be cued to the start of the music. N • Posing Music must not contain vulgar lyrics. Competitors Membership using music containing vulgar lyrics will be disqualifi ed. Each competitor must be a member of the NPC. Onstage Complete Registration Card • During the Prejudging male and female competitors are not on the back of this Issue. permitted to wear any jewelry onstage other than a wedding band. Decorative pieces in the hair are not permitted. • During the Finals female competitors are permitted to wear earrings. Competitor Rules • No glasses, props or gum are permitted onstage. • Any competitor doing the “Moon Pose” will be disqualifi ed. Check-Ins • Lying on the fl oor is prohibited. Competitors will be checked in and weighed. • Bumping and shoving is prohibited. First and second persons involved will be disqualifi ed. Posing Suits • Competitors numbers will be worn on the left side of the suit • All suit bottoms must be V-shaped, no thongs are permitted. bottom during both Prejudging and Finals. • Suits worn by male competitors at the prejudging and fi nals must be plain in color with no fringe, wording, sparkle Backstage or fl uorescents. The only people permitted in the backstage area are: • Suits worn by female competitors at the Prejudging must be • Competitors two-piece and plain in color with no fringe, wording, sparkle • Expediters or fl uorescents.