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Western Australia's Journal of Systematic Botany Issn 0085–4417

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Western Australia's Journal of Systematic Botany Issn 0085–4417 WESTERN AUSTRALIA'S JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BOTANY ISSN 0085–4417 Barrett, R.L. New species of Lepidosperma (Cyperaceae) associated with banded ironstone in southern Western Australia Nuytsia 17: 37–60 (2007) A special edition funded by the Western Australian Government’s ‘Saving our Species’ biodiversity conservation initiative. All enquiries and manuscripts should be directed to: The Editor – NUYTSIA Western Australian Herbarium Telephone: +61 8 9334 0500 Dept of Environment and Conservation Facsimile: +61 8 9334 0515 Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre Email: [email protected] Western Australia 6983 Web: science.dec.wa.gov.au/nuytsia/ AUSTRALIA All material in this journal is copyright and may not be reproduced except with the written permission of the publishers. © Copyright Department of Environment and Conservation . R.L.Nuytsia Barrett, 17: 37–60 New species(2007) of Lepidosperma (Cyperaceae) associated with banded ironstone 37 New species of Lepidosperma (Cyperaceae) associated with banded ironstone in southern Western Australia Russell L. Barrett Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005 School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Abstract Barrett, R.L. New species of Lepidosperma (Cyperaceae) associated with banded ironstone in southern Western Australia. Nuytsia 17: 37–60 (2007). Eight new species in the Australasian genus Lepidosperma Labill. are described from southern Western Australia. All of the taxa described here have restricted distributions in association with Banded Iron Formation (BIF) ranges and are potentially threatened by present or proposed mining activities. The following new species are described: L. amansiferrum R.L.Barrett, L. bungalbin R.L.Barrett, L. diurnum R.L.Barrett, L. ferricola R.L.Barrett, L. ferriculmen R.L.Barrett, L. gibsonii R.L.Barrett, L. jacksonense R.L.Barrett and L. lyonsii R.L.Barrett. Introduction The taxonomy of the genus Lepidosperma Labill. in Western Australia has been poorly resolved for some time. Delimitation of species has been problematic, partly due to the high levels of homoplastic characters and, significantly, due to a paucity of good collections of many taxa. A revision of the genus is in preparation for the “Flora of Australia” treatment coordinated by K.L. Wilson. A number of new taxa associated with Banded Iron Formation (BIF) ranges are formally named here in advance of a full revision in order to highlight their conservation status and to promote further study of the group. The species within this genus appear to exhibit high levels of local endemism and habitat specificity, particularly in the arid-zone and South-western Interzone of Western Australia. All species described here are of restricted geographic and ecological distribution. The genus Lepidosperma was last revised by Kükenthal (1941), with two additional species named for Western Australia by Blake (1949). Rye (1987) suggested that a number of potentially undescribed taxa could be recognised in the Perth region. This paper is the first in a series which will aim to review all Western Australian taxa and focuses on species associated with BIF. A second paper in this volume describes a new taxon from the Ravensthorpe region (Barrett 2007). It is anticipated that many more new taxa will be recognised in the genus, particularly in south-west Western Australia. Provision of a key to species must wait until sectional revisions can be completed. Comprehensive molecular studies of the genus are currently being undertaken by the author and collaborators, and these studies can be expected to greatly inform future classifications. Conservation status in a poorly-known genus such as Lepidosperma can be difficult to accurately assess, given the paucity of collections available; often with few notes on population size or extent. 38 Nuytsia Vol. 17 (2007) However, based on species which are better known and searched for (e.g. L. gibsonii R.L.Barrett and L. ferricola R.L.Barrett), and recent survey efforts on BIF ranges, it can be inferred that the few available collections of many of the taxa described here are likely to be a true indication of restricted distribution. Recent field observations of most taxa support this conclusion. Materials and methods Descriptions are primarily based on herbarium specimens. Only five of the taxa described here have been observed in the field by the author and field observations of original collectors have been obtained, where possible, to supplement notes on herbarium sheets. All type specimens of Lepidosperma taxa at BM, CANB, K, MEL, NSW and PERTH have been examined. Herbarium acronyms follow Holmgren & Holmgren (1998–) except for RAV. which represents the Western Australian regional herbarium at Ravensthorpe. All specimens cited have been seen unless otherwise specified. Precise localities are withheld for Declared Rare and Priority species due to conservation concerns. The distribution maps were created in DIVA-GIS freeware Version 5.2.0.2. (http://www.diva- gis.org) using coordinate data from PERTH collections. Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) Version 6.1 boundaries (Department of the Environment and Water Resources 2007) are shown. Hodgon et al. (2006) have recently assessed the taxonomic utility of a large number of characters for the L. laterale R.Br. complex, many of which have been utilised in assessing the status of the new taxa described here. Measurements were made in the following manner. Size measurements of less than 15 cm were made using digital callipers certified accurate to 3/100th of a millimetre and rounded where appropriate. Measurements less than, or spanning, 1.5 mm are given to two decimal places. It is noted here that the number of available collections is relatively few for the taxa described herein and measurements outside the current known range can be expected. Culms and leaves are all isobilateral and descriptions of shape refer to cross-section. The widest dimension (described as width but technically thickness) is given first, followed by the narrowest (described as thickness but technically width), with measurements taken at the midpoint of their length. Cross-section of the culms and leaves was also determined at the midpoint of their length. Culm and leaf height was measured from the base of the sheath, and culm height includes the inflorescence. The number of stomatal rows was counted by examination of epidermis patterns using a light microscope at 40 × magnification. The characteristics of young growth are recorded only if noted to differ from mature growth. The angle of the spread of the culms and leaves (collectively grouped in ramets and often fan-like in appearance) is given to provide an indication of the growth habit of the plants. Angle of ramet/fan base was measured as the total angle between the two outermost leaves/culms on a single complete ramet/fan. This can be particularly diagnostic in taxa with distichous culms and leaves, less so in spirodistichous taxa. Distichous culms and leaves are arranged in two rows on opposite sides of the stem on the same plane while spirodistichous culms and leaves are arranged in two rows which spiral up the stem (Harden 1993), the latter often resulting in a more tightly clumping habit. Some species are very resinous at the base of the culms and leaves, and the resins may have colours and scents which are distinctive between different taxa. These characters have been included in descriptions where the information has been available. Notes on these features should be made at the time of collection as R.L. Barrett, New species of Lepidosperma (Cyperaceae) associated with banded ironstone 39 scents generally change on drying and colour may intensify. When collecting specimens, entire ramets should be collected (including culm bases) as there are important diagnostic characters in the structure and arrangement of the bases of the ramets. Inflorescence length was measured from the base of the involucral bract. Measurement of the lateral branches of the inflorescence was of the lowest lateral branch only and was inclusive of any further divisions of the lateral branch. As the glumes often tear and distort when flattened, glume width was measured as the broadest point of the fertile fruiting glumes in the curled position (shape is maintained in pressed material by the enclosed nut). The style is either completely caducous, leaving only a scar, or with a short persistent basal portion remaining on the nut. Distinction is made here between the ‘stylar cap’ (previously described as the ‘style base’ by authors such as Wilson 1993, 1994) and the filiform basal portion of the style, which is persistent in some taxa. As recognised here, the stylar cap is an extension of the rib material described below which forms a ring around the base of the style, a character which varies in prominence with nut age. The stylar cap is variously a narrow band around the style (small) to a wide band covering most of the top of the nut (large). Nut length is inclusive of the attached hypogynous scales and nut width excludes the ribs (if present). The ribs appear as white bands overlaying the epidermis of the nut and the degree of ribbing on the nuts varies with age, so observations of mature nuts should be made. Ribs are usually very prominent on young nuts (unless absent). Hypogynous scales were described from mature nuts, their appearance differing at anthesis. The outline shape of the epidermal cells of the nut is potentially a useful taxonomic character and is to be explored further. Taxonomy Lepidosperma amansiferrum R.L.Barrett, sp. nov. Lepidospermati brunoniano Nees similis, sed culmorum indumento pilis longioribus fasciculatis reseniferis carenti; culmis tenuibus et complanatis, differt. Typus: South Ironcap, Western Australia [precise locality withheld for conservation purposes], 7 September 1996, N. Gibson & K. Brown 2509 (holo: PERTH 05285321; iso: CANB, NSW).
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