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Fossil Woods from the Miocene in the Yamagata Prefecture, Japan Sung

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Fossil Woods from the Miocene in the Yamagata Prefecture, Japan Sung IAWA Journal, Vol. 31 (1), 2010: 95–117 FOSSIL WOODS FROM THE MIOCENE IN THE YAMAGATA PREFECTURE, JAPAN Sung-Kook Choi1, Kyungsik Kim1*, Eun-Kyoung Jeong1, Kazuo Terada2, Mitsuo Suzuki3 and Houhei Uematsu3 SUMMARY Eighty-two silicified fossil woods were collected from Miocene forma- tions on the western coast of the Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Twenty-two taxa (5 conifers and 17 dicotyledons) were identified. Five new species (Chamaecyparis parathyoides, Pterocarya parvipora, Populus soyaensis, Schima protowallichii, Lagerstroemia odaniense) and two species not previously known from the Miocene of Yamagata are described. This brings the number of fossil wood taxa from the Miocene of Yamagata to 39. Warm temperate elements such as Keteleeria, Liquidambar, Distylium and Lagerstroemia were found in the formations studied. The fossil wood assemblages from four Miocene formations (except Onisakatoge Formation from which only one sample was collected) suggest that the woody flora changed gradually during the Miocene from a mixture of cool and warm temperate elements to a warm temperate assemblage. These changes agree well with the vegetation changes during the Miocene in Japan; from the Aniai type to the Daijima-type. Key words: Fossil wood, Miocene, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. INTRODUCTION Miocene sedimentary rocks are distributed widely along the western coast of Japan from southern Hokkaido to the Shimane Prefecture. These sedimentary rocks are largely composed of pyroclastic material, the so-called Green Tuff. Well preserved fossil woods are abundant in these tuffaceous rocks. There are also several Miocene tuffaceous deposits near the western coast of the Yamagata Prefecture, which also contain large amounts of fossil woods. Japanese Miocene fossil woods have been studied since the beginning of the 20th century (see review by Suzuki 1985). Shimakura (1937) described Ficoxylon angusti- parenchymatosum from Tobishima Island, which was the first report of fossil wood from the Yamagata Prefecture. Watari (1952, 1956) reported 14 fossil wood species, and Terada and Suzuki (1998) established a new genus Wataria on the basis of the fossil woods from the Yamagata Prefecture. In his PhD thesis Terada (1998) reported 28 taxa 1) Division of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea. 2) Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, 51-11 Terao, Muroko, Katsuyama, Fukui 911-8601, Japan. 3) Botanical Garden, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Kawauchi, Aoba, Sendai 980- 0862, Japan. *) Corresponding author [E-mail: [email protected]]. Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 08:17:18AM via free access 96 IAWA Journal, Vol. 31 (1), 2010 (Watari’s taxa included) including 11 new species from the Miocene of the Yamagata Prefecture. These palaeobotanical studies provide a conspectus of the fossil wood flora of the Yamagata Prefecture. However, considering the large number of fossil woods in Japan, further studies will provide additional data valuable for understanding the history of Tertiary plants. This study focuses on Miocene woods recently collected from the Yamagata Prefec- ture. It complements the palaeoecological data already available, and provides important new information about Miocene vegetation in Japan. Eighty-two fossil wood samples were collected; five new species and two taxa not previously reported from the region were found in addition to the 15 taxa already reported. Four of the new taxa we found resemble the wood described in Terada’s PhD thesis (1998). Therefore, we formalize his taxa in this paper. We also discuss the palaeoenvironmental implications of all fossil woods described to date from Yamagata Prefecture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-two fossil wood samples were collected from five Miocene formations in the Yamagata Prefecture (Fig. 1). They are the Atsumi Formation (20~17 Ma, 8 samples) 140 A 39 B C 39 D F E G H I J K 38 Figure 1. Map showing collecting sites in the Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. (A: Island Tobishima (Tobishima Formation), B: Nanakubo (Zenpouji Formation), C: Kozunohama (Atsumi Forma- tion), D: Shimoshimizu (Oyama Formation), E: Mizusawa (Zenpouji Formation), F: Odani (Oyama Formation), G: Tagawa (Onisakatouge Formation), H: Isagodani (Zenpouji Formation), I: Neugawaseki (Oyama Formation), J: Sekikawa (Atsumi Formation), K: Kamitazawa (Oyama Formation)). Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 08:17:18AM via free access Sung-Kook Choi, Kyungsik Kim et al. — Miocene woods from Japan 97 in Sekikawa and Kozunohama, the Tobishima Formation (c. 18 Ma, 26 samples) on Tobishima Island, the Zenpouji Formation (18~16 Ma, 3 samples) distributed in Mi- zusawa, Nanakubo, and Isagodani, the Oyama Formation (Upper–Middle Miocene, 44 samples) in Odani, Shimoshimizu, Kamitazawa, Nezugaseki and the Onisakatouge Formation (Middle Miocene, 1 sample) in Tagawa (Table 1, Ozawa et al. 1982; Tsuchiya et al. 1984; Yamaji 1989; Kano et al. 1991). All samples were silicified. Transverse sections were prepared of each specimen. When examination of the transverse section showed good anatomical detail, tangential and radial thin sections were prepared using the conventional techniques. Thin sections were examined using a Zeiss Axiophot compound microscope. Descriptions conform to IAWA Committee (1989) for hardwoods, and IAWA Committee (2004) for softwoods. All fossil woods and microscopic slides studied are deposited in the Fossil Collection, Herbarium of Chonbuk National University, Division of Biological Sciences, and iso- holotypes of newly described species were also deposited in the Botanical Gardens, Tohoku University (TUSw). RESULTS Among the well-preserved woods 16 specimens were identified as gymnosperms and 43 as dicotyledons (Table 1). Pinus, Chamaecyparis, and Cedrela-like woods are de- scribed for the first time from the Tertiary in northeastern Asia. Four new species of dicotyledonous woods are described: Pterocarya parvipora, Populus soyaensis, Schima protowallichii, and Lagerstroemia odaniense. Description and affinities of first records and new fossil wood taxa 1. Pinus albicauloides (Greguss) S. K. Choi et K. Kim comb. nov. (Pinaceae) Fig. 2–7 Pinuxylon albicauloides Greguss: Fossil Gymnosperm woods in Hungary, p. 100– 101, pl. LXXXI, fig. 6–9. 1967. Material: TO 7, TO 8, TO 9, TO 11. Locality and stratum: Odani (Oyama Formation – Middle Miocene). Description: A coniferous wood composed of tracheids, ray parenchyma, ray trac- heids and vertical and horizontal resin canals. Normal vertical resin canals mostly in the latewood, rarely in the earlywood and the middle portion of annual rings; usually solitary; epithelial cell walls thin; canals about 150–300 µm in tangential diameter including epithelial cells. Annual rings distinct, transition from earlywood to latewood very gradual; ring width 3–5 mm. Tracheids in the earlywood rectangular or polygonal in cross section; 25–70 µm and 20–45 µm in tangential and radial diameters, respectively; walls about 3.5 µm thick. Latewood tracheids smaller in radial diameter and radially flattened; walls about 7µ m thick. Bordered pits on radial wall of earlywood tracheids uniseriate and/or biseriate, opposite when biseriate, occasionally with crassulae; cir- cular in outline, about 20 µm in diameter; with round and elliptical apertures. Helical thickenings absent. Rays uniseriate, and fusiform when containing a horizontal resin Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 08:17:18AM via free access 98 Table 1. List of fossil woods from the Miocene of the Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Formations and ages: Astumi F. Tobishima F. Zenpouji F. Ohami F. Oguni F. Oyama F. Onisakatoge F. Families Species 20–17 Ma c. 18 Ma 18–16 Ma 16–14 Ma 18–15 Ma U-M Mioc M Miocene Pinaceae Keteleeria mabetiensis (Watari) Watari 1* 2 1 Pinus albicaulioides (Greguss) Choi et Kim 4 Picea cf. jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carrière 3 (W**) (W) P. palaeomaximowiczii Watari (W) (W) (W) (W) Taxodiaceae Taxodioxylon cunninghamioides (Watari) Watari 2 (T***) (T) 2 (T) (W) 2 T. sequoianum (Merkl.) Gothan (T) (T) Cupressaceae Chamaecyparis parathyoides Watari ex Terada et Suzuki (T) 2 Juglandaceae Pterocarya parvipora Terada et Suzuki 1 3 1 (T) (W) 6 1 Juglans angustiparenchymatosa (Shimakura) Terada et Suzuki (W) (W) Carya japonoxyla Terada et Suzuki (T) Salicaceae Populus soyaensis Terada et Suzuki (T) 1 Betulaceae Carpinus laxa Watari (T) 1 Ostrya monzenensis Suzuki et Watari (T) Fagaceae Lithocarpoxylon radiporosum Suzuki et Ohba 1 Quercus anataiensis (Watari) Watari (W) 2 (T) (W) (W) Castanea antiqua Watari et Kuroda (T) Ulmaceae Ulmus crystallophora (Watari) Watari 1 1 Zelkova wakimizui (Watari) Watari 1 (W) Z. zelkoviformis (Watari) Watari (W) 1 (W) Aphananthe notoense Terada et Suzuki (T) Aphananthe sp. (T) Theaceae Schima protowallichii Watari ex Terada et Suzuki 1 Stewartia notoensis Suzuki et Terada 1 (T) Hamamelidaceae Distylium chiharu-hirayae Suzuki et Terada 1 (T) 1 Liquidambar hisauchii (Watari) Suzuki et Watari (W) 4 (W)(T) (W) 31 (1), Vol. Journal, IAWA 2010 Rosaceae Prunus iwatense (Watari) Takahashi et Suzuki 1 Downloaded fromBrill.com09/26/2021 08:17:18AM Meliaceae Cedreloxylon cristalliferum Selmeier 1 Anacardiaceae Rhus palaeojaponica Terada et Suzuki (T) Aceraceae Acer cf. amoenum Carrière (W) Acer watarianum Takahashi et Suzuki (T) Rhamnaceae Hovenia macropora Terada et Suzuki (T) Hovenia sp. 1 Steculiaceae Wataria miocenica (Watari) Terada et Suzuki (W) (W) (W) 5 Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus semiannuliporosa Watari (W) (W) Lythraceae Lagerstroemia odaniense Choi et Kim
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