Flora of Micronesia, 3: Convolvulaceae

SMlTHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 0 NUMBER 36

F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helenee Sachet

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1977 .4 B S T R A C T Fosberg, F. Raymond, and Marie-Helene Sachet. Flora of Micronesia, 3: Con- volvulaceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 36, 34 pages, 1 figure, 1977.-The third installment of the Flora of Micronesia includes a brief introduction with acknowledgments and references to the previously published parts of the flora. A floristic taxonomic account of the Convolvulaceae of Micronesia is given, with descriptions, keys, synonymy, ethnobotany (including vernacular names and uses), and citations of geographic records and herbarium specimens.

OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIESCOVER DFXCN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data (Revised) Fosberg, Francis Raymond, 1908- Flora of Micronesia. (Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 20, 24, 36) Bibliography: V. 1, p. 14. Contents: 1. Gvmnospermae. 2. Casuarinaceae, Piperaceae, and My’icaceae. 3. Convolvulaceae. Supt. of Docs. no.: SI 1.29:20 1. Botany-Micronesia. 2. Ethnobotany-Micronesia. I. Sachet, Marie Helene, joint author. 11. Title. 111. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 20 [etc.] QKl.SZ747 no. 20, etc. [QK473.M5] 581’.08s [581.9’96’5] 74-1 1316 Contents

Page Introduction ...... """"""~"""'"" 1 CONVOLVULACEAE...... 4 Aniseia Choisy ...... 5 Argyreia Loureiro ...... 5 CuscutaL...... 5 Evolvulus L...... 6 Ipomoea L...... Merrernia Dennstedt ex Hallier f...... Operculina Manso ...... 29 Stictocardia Hallier f...... 30 Synonyms and Excluded or Misapplied Names ...... 31 Literature Cited ...... 34

iii

Flora of Micronesia, 3: Convolvulaceae

F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helene Sachet

Introduction specimens still in the possession of the authors. We wish to thank, again, the authorities of the various The third installment of the Flora of Micronesia herbaria where we have studied or borrowed ma- treats the family Convolvulaceae, with five native terial, for the privilege of using their collections and two introduced (plus one doubtful) genera, and for their hospitality. including twelve probably native species and fifteen As mentioned in the first installment, we cannot clearly introduced ones or widespread tropical list the many persons who helped us in the field, weeds, It follows essentially the format of the first in the herbarium, and in the office. For the prep- and second installments (Smithsonian Contribu- aration of this chapter, however, we owe special tions to Botany 20 and 24). gratitude to Miss Frances J. Corridon, who tran- Further and more complete bibliographic detail scribed and arranged much of the geographical may be found in Sachet and Fosberg, Island Bibli- information and citations, and typed an earlier opaphies (1955), and its Supplement (1971), with version of the manuscript; Mrs. Denise Ford typed a complete list of serial abbreviations. the manuscript on the edityper, eliminating errors For details of the history and circumstances of and incorporating changes and new material; Mr. the present flora, as well as an explanation of its Royce Oliver handled specimens, transcribed data scope and arrangement, reference may be made to from them, kept readily available the materials on the introductory pages of the first installment. which the treatment is based, and on occasion In citations of specimens, the collector’s name saved us from making or perpetuating errors; Miss and number are italicized and the herbaria where Dulcie Powell, a specialist in the New World Con- they are deposited are indicated only if the speci- volvulaceae, critically checked various sections of men has been examined by the authors. Her- the manuscript. barium symbols are according to the 6th edition of In preparing this account we have drawn freely Index Herbariorum, Part I, compiled by Holmgren on the valuable works of S. J. van Ooststroom on and Keuken, 1974. In this edition the symbols the Llalaysian Convolvulaceae (1938, 1939, 1940, “HAW” for the University of Hawaii and “GUAM” 1943, 1945, and van Ooststroom and Hoogland, for the University of Guam are introduced, dif- 1953), without accepting fully all of the conclusions fering from those used for these two herbaria in found there. We gratefully acknowledge our in- installments 1 and 2. The symbol “Fo” is used for debtedness and appreciation of the critical and meticulous work of these authors. Dr. Daniel F. F. Raymond Fosbei-g and Marie-Helene Sachet, Department Austin, contemporary authority on the family has of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithson- generously made available his critical knowledge ian Institution, Washington, D.C.20560. and has saved us from making a few mistakes.

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We ale also indebted to hlrs. hI. J. van Steenis- In the paragraph headed “Uses” under the Kruseman and Dr. I$’. T. Stearn for their critical various species, we have, where the material was work in establishing exact dates for a great many not too verbose, copied more or less verbatim from of the works cited. The dates cited with the refei- field labels, field notes, published articles and books, ences are ordinarily those on the title pages, with but have used quotation marks only where they corrected dates added in square brackets. AlOst of 9eem useful to clarify the source of the information. the latter are taken from Flora Malesiana I by the The sources are always provided, except in cases above authors (1954), and from additional articles where the information is from our own personal supplementary to this, by Mrs. van Steenis, pub- knowledge. lished in Flora Malesiana Bulletin. “Taxonomic Literature” (Stafleu, 1967) was also consulted foi CONVOLVULACEAE problematic dates. In the text we have used unpublished informa- Herbaceous or woody twiners or creepers, rarely tion in the form of personal communications from erect herbs or shrubs (very rarely trees but not in Prof. Harold St. John of the B. P. Bishop Museum, hlicronesia), frequently lactiferous but not copiously Prof. Walter Lewis of Washington University, Prof. so; leaves alternate, frequently cordate, hastate, or Daniel Austin of Florida Atlantic University, hlr. sagittate, simple but occasionally deeply divided Carl Stensland, retired from the U.S. Geological or palniatifid so as to appear compound, rarely Survey, Prof. Joe Marshall of the University of pinnately divided; stipules none; calyx of 5 free Arizona, Alrs. 11. V. C. Falanruw of the Yap Insti- sepals; corolla sympetalous, not ordinarily deeply tute of Natural Science, and Mr. Donald Anderson lobed or divided; stamens 5, attached to corolla of the H. L. Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. iVe wish near base, or part way up tube; ovary superior, to express our thanks to these people for providing 2-, 5-, or 4-celled with 2 basal ovules in each cell, this information and permitting us to use it. style usually single, filiform, rarely 2 and branched;

Key to Micronesian Genera of Convolvulaceae

1. Leafless, threadlike, orange oi dt least tiongreen plants Cuscuta 1. Leafy plants with green coloi 2 2. Leaves oiate, oblong, or elliptic to liiiear, not cordate oi otheinise lobed at base 3 3. Leaves oiate, 1-1.4 cm long, seiiceous; corollas rotate or saucei-shaped: styles 2, these branched Evolvulus 3. Leaies oblong to linear, 2.5 cm or more long, not seiiceous; corollas funnelfoim to campanulate; style 1, filiform 4 4. Outer sepals decunent on pedicel Aniseia 4. Outer sepals not decurrent lpomoea aquatica 2. Leaies iarioudy shaped, usuall) coidate, in ail\ cient lobed OI subcordate at base, rarely truncate or obtuse, then lobed at apex 5 5. Leaies peltate Merremia peltata 5. Leaies basally attached 6 6 Pollen grains smooth, antheis coiled oi curietl; corolla broadly funnelform oi campanulate, fairly bioad almost to base 7 7. Outer lajei of capsule ciicuiiiscissile: lea\es 10 cm oi mole across Operculina 7. Capsule ultimately Splitting into o\ate or lanceolate ialies; lea\es usually 5 cm or less across; if laiger, geneially digitate Merremia 6. Pollen grains spinulose, anthers straight, coiolla stioiigli nartoired to base 8 8. Fruiting calyx gieatly acciescent, thick and spong), closed at tip and completely hiding capsule: capsule clehiscent h\ 4 dits 01 holes between the septa; calyx in flouer appearing rather truncate: leaies minutely gland-dotted beneath Stictocardia 8. Fruiting calyx not 01 onl) moderately accrescent, not spongy, not completely hiding capsule; capsule clehiscent in ialles 01 irregularly; calyx, at least in flolcer, not appearing truncate, leaies (in Micronesian species) not gland-dotted beneath lpomoea NUMBER 36 5

stigmas 1-3, usually thickened; fruit a 2-, 3-, or 4- Yap: 1 mi [1.6 km] E of Tegeren Canal, Tomil- celled dehiscent or indehiscent capsule, rarely fleshy Gagil, 40 m, Fosberg & Cushing 46330 (US, BISH, or corky, cells 1- or %seeded. Fo, K). An important tropical family with a few Tem- perate Zone members; includes many widespread Argyreiu Loureiro pioneers and weedy species, as well as tropical forest lianas. Argyreia Loureiro, F1. Cochinch., 134, 1790. Because of the variability, the superficial simi- Lettsomia Roxburgh, F1. Ind., ed. Carey & Wallich, 2:75, larity between genera, and the lack of reliable 1824 [non Ruiz & Pavbn, 17941. vegetative characters, keys in the Convolvulaceae are not as satistactory as might be desired. We have Argyreia sp. attempted to use vegetative characters wherever possible, but found no apparent way to avoid, in A sterile plant seen growing in a pot in Kwajalein places, using obscure characters or those requiring in 1958 probably belonged to this genus. Argyreia a particular stage in the life history of the plant. nei-oosu (Burman f.) Bojer is widely cultivated but not, so far, known from Micronesia unless the plant Aniseia Choisy seen in Kwajalein is that species. Aniseia Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:481, 1833. Cuscuta L. Herbaceous vines with adventitious roots; leaves Cziscuta L., Sp. Pl., 124, 1753; Gen. PI., ed. 5., 60, 1754 naryowed to base, usually not cordate; flowers on [ = 17531. axillary peduncles; sepals very unequal in width, Threadlike or stringlike, parasitic, yellow or ouier ones decurrent on pedicel; corolla very orange, rarely greenish, vines, twining, without broadly funnelform, sericeous without; stamens roots except when very young, attached to host much shorter than corolla, anthers straight; style (or to themselves) by minute haustoria; leaves single, stigmas globose to oblong; fruit a capsule reduced to niinute inconspicuous scales; flowers in dehiscent into 4 strong valves, white within. small, sometimes swollen, cymose clusters, small, white; calyx of 5 lobes, united at least to above Aniseia martinicensis (Jacquin) Choisy base, equal, thin; corolla 5-lobed, urceolate or campanulate, frequently with scalelike appendages Aruseia martinicensis (Jacquin) Choisy, Mem. SOC.Phys. Hist. within at bases of stamens; ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 Nat. Geneve, 8:66, 1838.-Hosokawa, ms., n.d. Convolvulus martinicensis Jacquin, Select. Am., 26, t. 17, 1763. in a cell, styles 1 or usually 2, stigmas capitate to linear; fruit a thin-walled capsule, indehiscent, Plant sparsely to densely appressed-pilose; leaves breaking irregularly, or circumscissile; seeds usually narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, apex 4. rounded, mucronate; peduncle with two bracts, the A widespread genus of many species, one of which upper one occasionally bearing an abortive flower- has recently been introduced into Yap. bud, flowers single, rarely several in an umbel or short raceme; outer sepals broadly ovate, acuminate, base rounded, strongly decurrent on pedicel; corolla Cuscuta campestris Yuncker white, 1.5-2 cm long; valves of fruit ovate; seeds Cuscuta canipestris Yuncker, Mem. Tow. Club, 18: 138, 1932. dull, sooty-brown, surface pilosulous, angles pilose. Pan tropic, widespread in tropical America, occa- Stems threadlike, with occasional concave scales sional in Africa, Asia, and eastward in the Pacific at ramifications, haustoria irregularly distributed; as far as Tonga, Fiji, and Palau. inflorescences somewhat thickened, forked, cymules irregularly helicoid or subscorpioid, with obovate \‘ERNAWL \R NAME.-tehelel-aul (Palau: Hosokawa, n.d.) hyaline bracts up to 2 x 1 mm, obtuse, flattish; CAROLINEIsLAms.-Palau: Babeldaob: Ngarath- flowers pedicellate, about 3 mm wide, closely sub- mao, Ttiyama in 1939 (TI). tended by a tiny obtuse scale; calyx broadly cup G SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

shaped, lobed to ‘/s-Y2 its length, lobes semi- kana, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 25:35, 1935; ms., n.d. circular, slightly overlapping at sinuses; corolla Convolvulus alsinoides L., Sp PI., 157, 1753. tube broad, included, lobes about equalling tube, A wiry pubescent herb, many stems ascending to exserted, ovate, obtusish but mucronulate, tending rpieading from a root crown, sparsely branched; to be reflexed, about 1 mm long; scales with leaves ovate, small, densely sericeous, acute, mucro- seveial blunt linear processes on each side of fila- nate, sessile; flowers pale bluish, very delicate, less ment; stamens exserted, filaments inserted in than 1 cm across; capsule globose, 8-4 mm across. sinuses, anthers broadly elliptic, curved, about 0.6 A pantropical species known in Micronesia from mm long, filaments about as long; ovary with apex depressed, styles filiform, about 1 mm long, stigmas Saipan and Tinian, where it grows on open pitted capitate; fruit depressed globose, about 2.5 mm coral limestone on coastal terraces, uncommon. across, with a large hole in top between persistent ~ZARIANAS Isr.AsDs.-Saipan: “Saipan borealis,” styles; walls hyaline translucent; seeds about 1 mm Okabe in 1941 (TI); Raurau, 50 m, Hatusima 10679 across, subglobose with concavities from crowding, (FU), 10692 (FU). dark dull brown with black spot (hilum?), surface Tinian: Near Tyuro village, Hosokawa 7721 (A, dull, cellular-ieticulate. BISH); “Palm Beach,” about 1 mi [1.6 km] S of Recentl) adventive, native of North America, Faibus (San Hilo) Point, W coast of N half of widespread but not too common in the south island, Fosberg 24865 (US, BISH, Fo). Pacific from Indonesia to Fiji, Tahiti, Tuamotus, and Christmas Island. Said to have been brought to Yap from Hawaii, but this seems unlikely, as lpomoea L. another distinct species, C. sandwichiana is the one Ipotnoea L., Sp. PI., 159, 1753: Gen. PI., ed. 5, 76, 1754 found there. Parasitic on Vigna marina and grasses [=17531. along lagoon beach. Quamoclit Moench, Meth., 453, 1794. USE.-Worn as garlands by young people, accord- Batatas Choisy, Mem. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:484. ing to M. V. C. Falanruw. 1833. Pharbitis Choisy, Mem. SOC.Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:438, CAROLINE IsLANw.-Yap: Colonia, a~dnglagoon 1833. (Chamorro, or Benjo, Bay), 1972, FaZanruw 2732 Calonyction Choisy, Mem. SOC.Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:441, (US). 1833. ‘Twining herbaceous to woody vines, creepers, or Euoluulus L. rarely erect herbs or shrubs; leaves simple, usually cordate, entire to deeply divided or dissected, Evolvu~usL., Gen. PI., ed. 6, 152,1764 [=1762]. petiolate; peduncles axillary, flowers solitary or Prostrate to ascending herbs; flowers 1-few on cymose; corolla narrowly funnelform or campanu- axillary peduncles, the peduncle, if 1 -flowered, with late, regular to somewhat zygomorphic, entire to a pair of bracts part way up; corolla saucer shaped somewhat 5-lobed, plicate in bud, median lines to very broadly campanulate, entire or almost so; heavy, intervening areas membranous; anthers in- stamens included, or at least shorter than corolla; cluded or exserted, straight; pollen grains spinulose; anthers straight; styles 2, forked, stigmas elongate; style 1, filiform, elongate, stigmas globose, 1 or fruit a dehiscent capsule, 2-celled, 4-seeded; seeds usually 2 or 3; fruit a capsule, dehiscing into 4 smooth, black. valves or irregularly. A pantropical genus, principally American, but A large pantropical and warm-temperate genus, with two wide-ranging species, one of which is found on almost all Pacific islands, including those known in Micronesia from the Marianas. in Micronesia; many of the species widespread and weedy, found on beaches and in disturbed places, a few found in lowland forests. “Morning Euoluuhu alsinoides (L.) L. glory” is the name in general English usage for Evolvulus alsiizoides (L.) L., Sp. PI., ed. 2, 392, 1762.-Hoso- several species. NUMBER 36 7 Key to Micronesian Species of Zpomoea L.

1. Leaves pinnately divided into narrowly linear or filiform lobes 1. qwmoclit 1. Leaves not pinnately divided 2 2. Leaves bilobed at apex I. ps-caprae 2. Leaves not bilobed 3 3. Leaves digitately cut or divided 4 4. Leaves divided not quite to base 5 5. Herbaceous creeper; calyx 8 mm or less long; corolla thin, 3-4 cm long 1. batatas 5. Robust twining climber; caljx 1 cm long; corolla firm, 6 cm long 1. mauritiana 4. Leaves divided to base I. horsfalliae 3. Leaves not digitately divided 6 6. Sepals with longitudinal keels 01 ribs, these deeply dentate toward base; leaves hastate or sagittate 1. setifera var. fimbrioseeala 6. Sepals without longitudinal keels or ribs 7 7. Leaves appreciably longer than wide; plants not twining 8 8. Leaves hastate, truncate, sagittate, or cordate at base, ordinarily less than 6 cm long; petioles fleshy; creeper; corolla 3-5 cm long 1. aquatica 8. Leaves strongly cordate, well over 6 cm long; petioles not conspicuously fleshy; an erect or ascending herb; corolla 7-9 cm long 1. fistulosa 7. Leaves nearly, or at least 5/4, as wide as long, orbicular or frequently more or less triangular, hastate, or trilobate; plants twiners 9 9. Sepals lanceolate, over 1 cm long, conspicuously acuminate I. indica 9. Sepals oblong, elliptic, ovate, or orbicular, not longacuminate 10 10. Inner sepals broad towaid apex, subtruncate 11 11. Sepals conspicuously mucronate; corolla narrowly funnelform- salverform, usually red I. hederifolia 11. Sepals not or only slightly mucronate; corolla broadly funnelform- campanulate, purple I. littoralis 10. Sepals oblong to ovate or orbicular, not conspicuously broadened api- cally 12 12. Leaves more or less triangular in general outline, entire or \ar- iously lobed; a creeper 1. batatas 12. Leaves orbicular, strongly cordate; twiners I3 13. Slender vine: sepals elliptic oblong, 4-6 mm long; corolla 2-3 cm long 14 14. Sepals glabrous, neither fimbriate nor ciliate; corolla 20-25 mm long 15 15. Peduncles bearing 1 or several very slender pedicels, not notably umbelloid; leaves orbicular cordate 1. obscura 15 Peduncles bearing several stout stiff pedicels in an umbelloid or compactly cymose arrangement: leaves tending to be triangular hastate or triangular cordate 1. sepiaria 14. Sepals with at least some hairs, especially on margins; corolla 15-20 mm long I. triloba 13. Coarse vines; sepals broadly ovate or orbicular, usually well over 6 mm long; corolla with tube well exserted, white, usually 10 cm or more long 16 16. Sepals strongly mucronate; stem usually with fleshy spinelike processes; seeds glabrous I. alba 16. Sepals rounded at apex, at most very slightly mucronate; stem smooth: seeds pubescent I. macrantha 8 S%IITHSONIAN CONTRIBU HONS TO BOTANY

Ipomoea alba L. outer sepals glabrous, ovate-oblong, obtuse; corolla funnelform, 3-5 cm long, white or lilac, purple in Ipomoea albn L., Sp. PI., 161, 1753.-Stone, Miaonesica, center; stamens and styles included, stigmas 2; 6:490, 1971. Convoluulus aculealus L., Sp. PI., 155, 1753 [non Ipomoea capsule ovoid, 8-10 mm long; seeds pubescent. uculeata Blunie, Bijdr., 715, 18261. Throughout the Old World tropics, spontaneous Ipomoea bona-nox L., Sp. PI., ed. 2, 228, 1762. and planted as a potherb, especially in China and Culoii).ction bonn-no& (L.) Bojer, Hort. Maur., 227, 1837. Thailand. In Micronesia, planted or spontaneous Calonyction aculeatn (L.) House, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, in marshy places or in open water; found in the 31:590, 1904. Caloiryction album (I,.) House, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 31:590, Xlarianas-Pagan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota, Guam; 1904.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 398, 1935. in the Carolines-Palau, Yap, Ulithi, Truk, Sata- wan; and in the Gilberts-Tarawa, Extensive, usually glabrous liana, lower stems Usm-Leaves cooked as greens especially to serve thick but scarcely woody, frequently more or less with fish (Guam: Whiting C29). Eaten as potherb beset with fleshy spinelike processes; leaves cordate, (Koror: Fosberg C!T Evans 47432). Eaten fried with entire to somewhat lobed; peduncles I-several- meat (Ulithi: Fosberg 46965). Young tips eaten flowered, pedicels often thickened; flowers slightly (Truk: Fo.dwg 24417). Introduced by Japanese. rygomorphic, sepals strongly mucronate, 5-1 5 mm Makes an excellent vegetable very much like our long; corolla white, open at night, closing as the spinach (Truk: Pelzer, 1946). day warms up, up to 15 cm long, funnelform but almost salverform, tube well exserted; stamens and ~‘ERN:ACUL.AHNAMES.- style> somewhat exserted; stigmas 2; capsule ovoid; akankong (Guam: Cosleizoble in 1906) cancon (Guam: Merrill, 1914; Whiting C29) seeds glabrous. kangkung (Guam: Whiting C29) Pantropical, said to be of American origin (van kangkung (Guam: Costenoble in 1906) Ooststroom, 1940:550), widely cultivated as the kankan (Guam: G.E.S. 236) “moon-flower,” frequently established; in hficro- kangum (Palau: Blackburn 143) nesia known from Guam, where it has been found kangkum (Palau: Otobed, 1967, 1971) swamp cabbage (Paiau: Otobed, 1967, 1971) climbing in roadside vegetation and in scrub kangking (Yap: Wong 310) around openings at tops of cliffs on the east side kongkong (Yap: Wong 310) of the island; may be planted elsewhere as an kangkong (Ulithi: Fosberg 46965) ornamental. aseri (Truk: Pelzer, 1946) seeri (Truk: Wong 210) I‘FRNACULARN Ab!E.-moon-flower (English) seri (Truk: A?zderson 754) horenso Uapanese] (Satawan: Anderson 1103) ~IARIANA~I%~~h’~s.-Guam: just S of Talofofo Bay, 30 m, Fosberg 31260 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); GEOGRAPHICRECORDS AND SPECIMENSEXAMINED Ylig Point, Stone 4686 (BISH). AIARIANAS Is~~~~s-Pagan:Fresh Water Lake, Zpomoea aquatica Forskil Fosberg 32393 (US, BISH, Fo). Saipan: Cameron in 1944 (BISH); Momose in Ipomorn aqiia/ica Forskal, Descr. PI. FI. Aeg.-Arab., 44, 1930 (TI); Kagman Peninsula, Courage 20 (US); S 1775.-Otobed, ms., 1967; Guide List Plants Palau Is., 1971. of Mt. Tapotchau, in swamp, 10 ft [3 m], Hosaka --Stone, Micronesica, 6:491, 1971.-Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot., 22:37, 1974. 2912 (US, BISH); marshes and ponds about 1 km Ipomoea reptans sensu Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:132, S ot Lake Susupe, SE ot Chalankanoa, Fosberg 1914.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 400, 1935.-Pelzer, ms., 25275 (US, BISH). 1946. [Non (L.) Poiret, Encycl. Meth. Suppl., 3:460, 1813 Tinian: Okatani 66 (FU), 67 (FU). (1 8 14).] Rota: Slopes above As hlalote, S side of island, Creeping or floating, glabrous, stem rather fleshy, 250 m, Fosberg 31884 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). with adventitious roots; leaves with base truncate, Guam: G.E.S. 236 (BISH, P), 48 (US, BISH, cordate, sagittate, or hastate, lobes from broad to NSIY); Costenoble in 1906 (US); Xlerrill, 1914: 132; narrow, petioles fleshy; peduncles I-few-flowered, XIanilao, Whiting C29; Asan Pt., 1 m, Anderson 39 NUMBER 36 9

(US, BlSH, Fo, NY, L); Agana Swamp, near Agania, flowering; peduncles umbellately or irregularly Fosberg 31244 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Agaiia branched at summit into 1-4 short pedicels, bracts Spring, 10 m, Evans 1714 (US, HAW); Umatac, Fos- very small; sepals glabrous, oblong to oblong-ovate, berg 35652 (US); 1 mi [1.6 km] S of Piti, Glassman LIP to 8 mm long, obtuse to acute, mucronate; 290 (Fo); 2 mi S of Agat village, Moore 277 (US). corolla light purple, campanulate, 3.5-4 cm long; CAROLINEIsLAr;Ds.-Palau: Koror: Ngerebe’ed, stamens and style less than half length of corolla. Fosberg Q Evans 47432 (US); Ngerbeched, Black- Pantropical in cultivation, of American origin. burn 143 (US). Peliliu: 3-4 m, Fosberg 25872 (US, In Micronesia known from the Marianas-Agrigan, BISH, Fo). Angaur: central part, 4 m, Fosberg Pagan, Alamagan, Sarigan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota, -75891 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). Guam; Carolines-Palau, Yap, Ulithi, Fais, Eauri- Yap: Wong 310 (BISH). pik, Woleai, Faraulap, Ifaluk, Lamotrek, Satawal, Ulithi: Falalap 1. 0 m, Fosberg 46965 (US, Fo, Murilo, h’omwin, Truk, Namoluk, Satawan, BISH, K, NY, NO). Ponape, Kusaie; Wake; Marshalls-Kwajalein, Truk: Wong 210 (US, BISH, Fo). Moen: Moen Likiep, Ailinglapalap, hlajuro, Arno, Jaluit; Gil- village, Anderson 754 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); berts-Butaritari (Makin), Tarawa. Mechetiu (Metitiu) village, Bou Bay, Fosberg 24417 The species is cultivated on all inhabited high (US, BISH, Fo). islands, and with some difficulty on many of the Satawan: Anderson 1103 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). low coral islands. In areas where soil is thin, it is GILBERTISLANDS.-Tarawa: Bikenibeu, Adair 191 planted in hills that have been raked together (BISH, US). (Rota); in taro pits, it is planted on hills of soil extending above water table (Ifaluk); in abandoned Zpomoea butatus (L.) Lamarck gardens and fields, it occasionally persists for a time after cultivation. There are a great many Zpomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl., 1:465, 1791 horticultural varieties with different leaf outlines [1793].-Chamisso, Rem. Op., 184, 1821.-Engler, Notizbl., and tuberous roots of different colors, shapes, and 1:226, 1897.-Christian, Caroline Islands, 334, 1899.- edible qualities. It is commonly known in English Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:473, 1901.-Fritz, Mitt. deutsch. as “sweet potato.” Most of the compound name5 Schutzgeb., 15:102, 1902.--Safford, Cont. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:247, 1905.--\on Prowazek, Deutsch. Marianen, 119, 1913.- listed below are varietal names introduced to Mi- Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:131, 1914.-Kraaer in cronesia by the Spanish, who brought with them Thilenius, Erg. Suds. Exp., IIB, 10(1):182, 389, 1937.- the name carnote, a derivative of the ALtec camotl, Burkill, Adv. Sci., 7:446, 1951.-St. John, Pac. Sci., 5:285, which has given rise to most of the Micronesian 1951.-Glassman, Bishop Mus. Bull., 209:99, 1952.-Luo- names. Yen (1974) has made an extensive study of mala, Bishop Mus. Bull., 213:89, 1953.-Fosberg, Atoll Res. Bull., 39:17, 1955.-Massal and Barrau, So. Pac. the occurrence and differentiation of the sweet Cornrn. Techn. Pap., 94:24, 1956.-Catala, Atoll Res. Bull., potato in Oceania. 59:97, I957.-Murai et al., Trop. So. Pac. Is. Foods, 134, USES.-Toward the end of World War I1 when 1958.-Stone, Pac. Sci., 13:103, 1959.-Fosberg and Sachet, the Japanese, isolated on Truk, were short of food, Atoll Res. Bull., 9231, 1962.-Alkire, Illinois St. Anthro.. coconut and breadfruit plantings were cleared .5:77, 1965.-Whiting, ms., 1965.-Otobed, ms., 1967; Guide List Plants Palau Is., 1971.-Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll. Res. and sweet potatoes were planted in great quantities, Bull.. 123:13, 1969.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:491, 1971.- as the authorities felt this to be the way to produce Yen, Bishop Mus. Bull., 236:270-271, 342, 347, 1974.-Fos- the largest amount of food in the shortest time. berg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot., 22:37, After the war the Trukese, not caring much for 1975. sweet potatoes, traded them to the people of the Convolvulus batatas L., Sp. PI., 154, 1753.-Gaudichaud, Bot. surrounding atolls for coconuts which were in short Voy. Uranie, 76, 84, 1826.-Safford. Contr. US. Nat. Herb., supply on Truk. 9:247, 1905. Tuber used as a starch staple, tender leaves Glabrous creeper with enlarged fusiform edible (“punkan kamote”) cooked as greens (Guam: roots, thick stems, not twining; leaves with long Whiting C30). Roots used as a food. “Natives sel- petioles, blades more or less triangular, acuminate, dom grew them for their own use but . . . ex- more or less cordate to sub-truncate at base, sides changed the sweet potatoes for . . . other things entire or variously cut or lobed; seldom seen brought by ships” (Guam: Safford, 1905). “Formerly S\l1 I flSOXI4N CON rRIBUrIONS TO BOTAXY

an important crop" (Pagan: Fosberg 3135;). Culti- kamate (Lamotrek: Fosberg 46734) vated but of little importance (Lamotrek: Alkire, komote (Satarval: Fosberg 46866) 1965). potato (Nomwin: Eua~s1122, local informant Ruda) kanial (Truk: Yen, 1974) VEKSACUIAKSAMLS,- kamuti (Truk: Murai et a]., 1958) sweet potato [English] komuz (Truk: Worrg 209) kamute (Saipan: Salforcl, 1905; yon Prowazek, 1913) kumote (Satatvan: d4nderson1042) hatatas (Guam: Whititig C30) Kap-en-tornara (Ponape: Tell, 1974) camote agrigan (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826; variety said by juweet potato (Majuro: St. John 21414) Don Luis de Torres to hate been found on Agrigan I. at biteto (Arno: A7idersort 3684) the spot where a ship had foundered) kumara (Gilherts: Luomala, 1953) camote amarillo (Guam: Costetioble 1159, 1191) koumara (Butaritari: Yen, 1974) tamote chatda (Guam: Coctenoble 1161) uara (Butaritari (Makin): Yen, 1974) camote hispani (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826) ce kumara (Tara5S.a: Catala 155) camote manila (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826) camote patas-ngaanga (Guam: Coslrrroble 1160) caniote patas nganga (Guam: Selson 411) GEOGRAPHICRECORDS AND SPECIMENSEXAMISED camoten dago (Guam: CoJtenoble 1162) camo te- 11-) ap (Guam : Cos t e ir o ble I 163) \lrc~o~~s~~.--AIassaland Barrau, 1956:24. coinote (Guam: lvritten in I'SDA copy of Merrill, 1914:131 AIARIANAS Isr.~is~s.-,4grigan: Gaudichaud, 1826: agaiiist G.E.S. 222) 76, quoting Don Luis de Torres. kainote (Guam: Safford, 1905; Whifing C30) Pagan: Near Salt Water Lake, W side of island, kamote amarinya (Guam: A'ekon 429) Fosberg '31357 (US); 30 m from shore, Anderson kamoten ainariya, kamoten chada, kamoten dago, kamoten mamaka, kamoten peru, kamoten sap (Guam: Whiting, 595, 596 (US, HISH, Vo). ms.. 3065) Alamagan: Fritz, 1902: 102. kamute, kamuti, kumote (Guam: Yen, 1974) Sarigan: N of village, Euan.~2422 (US, BISH, Fo, patas nana, patas sapanese (Guam: Whiting, ms., 1965) NY). kumal (Carolines: Yen, 1974) Saipan: von Prowazek, 1913: 119. emutii (Palau: Otobed, 1967, 1971) komuti (Palau: Yen, 1974) Tinian: Gaudichaud, 1826:84; W coast, 100 ft theb-el-harath (Palau: Yen, 1074) [30 m], Hosaka 2869 (US, BISH, Fo): Mt, Lasso, E tulngiit-al-baratli (Palau: Christian, 1899) ridge, 300 ft [90 nil, Hosaka 2890 (US, BISH, Fo). caniotes (Yap: Chamisso, 1821) Rota: Track from near Poniya Pt. to water caves kamot gagil (Yap: Wofrg478) 350-500 m, Evans 2186 (US, Fo, HAW, MO). kamot gala ficefic (Yap: Wong 480) Guam: G.E.S. 222 (US, BISH, NSW); Nelson kamot ni henikalva (Yap: Wong 389) kamoc ni heykngo (Yap: bVojtg 398) 429 (BISH), 411 (BISH); Costenoble 1159, 1160, Lainot pao (Yap: Wong 479) 1/61, 1162, 1163, 1191 (all US): Merrill, 1914:131; kanior pur (Yap: Wo~g430) Burkill, 1951:446 (said to have been in Guam in kamott (Tap: Yolkens, 1901) 1564); LIanilao, Whiting C30 (US); Inarajan, 100 camote (Ulithi: Fosberg 5 IYong 25522) kamote (Ulithi: Fosberg 6 Erians 46365) m, Evtins 1493 (US). komoti henikaiva (Ulithi: Lessa 71) CAROLINEISLAh'DS.-PahU: Babeldaob: Garamis- komoti bwech mechakhchokh (Ulithi: Lessa 75) can Colony, Garamiscan River, 0-20 m, Fosberg komoti btvech ramasou (Ulithi: Le.\sa 76) 25762 (US, BISH, Fo). Garikiai: Takamatsii 1735 komoti chaicijl (Ulithi: Lessa 74) komoti matarang (Ulithi: Ixssa 77) (BISH). Angaur: depression in hill on NW corner komoti ramasou (Ulithi: Lessa 79) of island, 25 m, F0sbei.g 25907 (US, BISH). komoti iangrang (Ulithi: Lessn 78) Yap: Wong 430 (US, BISH, Fo, NY), 398 (US, komotiel okinawa (Ulithi: Lessa 72) BISH, Fo, NY),389 (US, BISH, Fo), 478 (US, RISH, kotiel meriken (Ulithi: Lessa 73) gamuti (Fais: Kraimer, 1937) Fo), 480 (US, BISH, Fo), 479 (US, BISH, Fo); homote (Eauripik: F0sbei.g i- Evarrs 47126) Koidzzrmi in 1915 (TI): Chamisso, 1821:184 komote (W'oleai: Evans 494,488) (brought from Philippines according to Cantova); yamotaa (tVoleai: Wotig 19) trail to Inuf, SE Yap, Cushing 426 (US). gamuti (Ifaluk: Abbott and Bates 100) hamole (Ifaluk: Fosberg 47225) Ulithi: Xlogmog I., Lessa 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, gamoti (Lamotrek: Kriimer, 1937) 77, 78, 79 (all BISH); FosbeTg and Wong 25522 &UMBER 511 11

(US, BISH); Fosberg Q Evans 46365 (Fo); Fassarai Tarawa: Catala I55 (P); Betio PWD, Adair 136 I., Hosaka 3206 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). (US). Fais: Inland from S end of island, 15 m, Fosberg 46662 (US). Zponioea fistulosa Martius ex Choisy Eauripik: Eauripik I., Fosherg 6 Evans 47126 (Fo). Zpotnoea fistulosa Martius ex Choisy in de Candolle, Prodr., Woleai: Utagal I., 1-2 m, Wong 19 (US, BISH, 9:34B. Jan 1845.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:491, 1971. Fo, NY, L); Falalap I., Evans 494 (US, BISH, Fo), Baiatas? crassicaulis Bentham, Bot. Voy. Sulph., 134, Apr 1845. 488 (Fo). Ipomoea crassicaulis (Bentham) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad., Faraulap: Faraulap I., Fosberg ~3Evans 473iI 51:530. 1916. (US). Ifaluk: Ifaluk I., Fosberg 47225 US, HAW); Fala- Erect, thick-stemmed sufhtescent herb or shrub, lap I., Abbott Q Bates 100 (US), Fosberg 47249 (US, to 2 m or more tall, subglabrous or minutely pu- Fo, HAW). berulent; leaves ovate-cordate, much longer than Lamotrek: Lamotrek I., Fosberg Q Evans 46734 wide, acuminate, petioles tending to be shorter (Fo). than leaves; peduncles heavy, shorter than, to as Nomwin: Fananu I., Evans 1122 (US, HAW). long as, leaves, dichotomously cymosely branched Murilo: Ruo Islet, Stone 1959: 103. above, many-flowered; bracts scale-like to obsolete, Satawal: N side, Fosberg 46866 (US). caducous; sepals orbicular, inner ones very minutely Truk: Wong 209 (US, BISH, Fo); Koidzumi in sericeous, about 5 mm long; corolla narrowly 1915 (TI, mounted with 1. mauritiana). Moen: campanulate, limb strongly flaring, very minutely Hosaka 2698 (US, BISH, Fo). Fefan: 50 ft [15 m], sericeous without, lilac; stamens unequal, less than Hosaka 2744 (US, BISH, Fo, NY), 2743 (US, BISH, half as long as corolla; capsule ovoid, about 8 mm Fo, NY, L); E side, Mesa village, 75 m, Fosberg long, seeds copiously pubescent (we have not seen 24516 (US, BISH). seeds in Micronesian specimens as yet). Namoluk: Introduced from Guam, von Prowazek, This species is considered a subspecies of Zpomoen 1913: 119. carnea Jacquin by Dr. D. F. Austin (ms., pers. Satawan: Ta I., Anderson 2042 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). comm.), as intermediate individuals are occasionally Ponape: Nanipiru, 150 ft [45 m], Hosaka 3530 found. Ipomoea carnea is an Andean species (Colom- (US, BISH, Fo). bia to Peru) with suborbicular-cordate-acuminate Kusaie: Valley S of Lela (Lele) Harbor, 1-5 m, soft pubescent leaves, woody but twining in habit, Fosberg 26646 (US, BISH). with corollas 7.5-10 cm long. Ipomoea fistulosa is WAKEIsLAND.-Fosberg 34449 (us, BISH); Gas- shrubby, ascending to erect, with thick stems that ton in 1953 (BISH). do not twine, leaves with basal part very broadly MARSHALLIsLANDs.-Radak [Chain] : s.1. Esch- oblong cordate, distal part elongate triangular long scholtz, s.n. (LE); s. coll. [Eschscholtz], Herb. Fischer acuminate, subglabrous to minutely puberulent, (LE). corollas usually somewhat less than 7.5 cm long. It Kwajalein: Kwajalein I., seaward side of airfield, is a very uniform species, at least as far as can be 0-4 m, Fosberg 48055 (US, BISH). seen from herbarium material and as a widely in- Likiep: Likiep I., Fosberg 27038 (US, BISH). troduced tropical ornamental and escape. For the Ailinglapalap: Bikajle (Bigatyelang) I., Fosberg present we prefer to maintain it as a distinct species. 26871 (US, BISH). Tropical American in origin, widely cultivated Majuro: Majuro I., St. John 21,414 (BISH); and naturalized in the Old World Tropics; in Mi- Laura (W end of island), Fosberg 26940 (US, BISH). cronesia: Marianas-Tinian, Guam; Carolines- Arno: Ine I., Anderson 3684 (US, BISH, Fo). Palau, known from Koror at least since 1932. Jaluit: Engler 1897:226; Imruj I., Fosberg 26748 Cultivated and sparingly naturalized near dwellings, (US, BISH). not spreading rapidly, probably because it rarely GILBERTIsLAws.-Luomala 1953:89. sets seeds, 12 SXlI I‘HSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

GEOGKAPHICRE:COKDS ASD SPECIMESSEXAMISEI) world; in Micronesia sparingly naturalized in Sai- pan antl Tinian. Found around dwellings, dis- MARIANASIsr.,\Nus.-Tinian: Okatnni 2 (FU); ttirbetl places, and old fields. of 1Iarpo valley E Tinian (former town), SE part ;\lAru.o‘.u Isi.hsDs.-saipan: hfarpi, Couiage 66 of island, 60 m, Fosberg 24816 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, (US). L). Tinian: Art, Lasso, Ho.l-aka 2828 (US, BISH, Fo). Guam: “Rase 18” (Apra Heights), 90 m, Fosberg 35225 (US, RISH, Fo, SY, L); llanguuao, 65 m, FosDci,g 35605 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Barrigada Zpomoea horsfalEiae Hooker village, Stone 4987 (BISH); ~Iangilao-Barrigacla Iporiiorn hovsfalliae Hooker, Bot. Mag., 61:pl. 3315, 1834.- road, cultivated, Stone 4002 (RISH); road Barri- Stone. JMicronesica. 6:492, 1971. gada to Mangilao, 60 m, Evans 1453 (US, Fo, HAW, K, 110, SY). Glabrous, rather coarse, extensively climbing CAKOIJNElsi.Ahms,-Palau: Koror: Tiiyurna in twiner, somewhat woody; leaves pedately 5-7-parted 1939 (TI);Kanehzia 2070 (FU, NY); Koror village, to base; peduncles openly and irregularly cymosely 5 m, Fosbevg ?2458 (US, BISH, Fo); road from h05- branched, many-flowered; sepals ovate, obtuse; pita1 to Ngerebe’ed, Ulackbz~?~159 (US); ’/s mi [0.2 corolla bright purple, firm, waxy, narrowly campan- km] from Sansaro intersection, Salsedo 59 (US). ulate, 3-4 cm long; stamens slightly exserted, style more so; stigma 1(?), depressed-globose. Kative to the West Indies, at least Puerto Rico Zpomoea hederifolia L. and Jamaica; planted elsewhere in the tropics as Z~O~KJ~Uhedetifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 925, 1759.- an ornamental; in LIicronesia seen on Guam only; O’L)otiell, Lilloa, 29:22-59, 1959. wre, planted, probably not fruiting. Iporiioen coccinea sensu auct. plur. [non L., Sp. P1. 160, 17531. .\IARIASASlaI.AsI~s.--Guam: IJmatac, Fosberg angulata Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl., 1:464, 1791 [17931. Ipovroea 75656 (US). Quarnoclit corciriea sensu auct. plur. [non (L.) Bojer, Hort. Maur., 224, 18371. Herbaceous glabrous twiner; leaves ovate-cordate, Zpomoea indica (Burman) Merrill entire or more or less lobed or angled; peduncles Zponioea iizdica (Burman) Merrill, Int. Rumph. Herb. Amb., much exceeding leaves, forked in upper part, 445, 1917.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 399, 1935.-Okabe, forming a dichasium; bracts minute, scalelike; Jour. Anthrop. SOC. Nippon, 56:425, 1941; Nankyo, 2:22, Howers several to many; sepals unequal, outer 1943.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:492, 1971.-Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot., 22:37, 1975.-Fosberg, shortly oblong, inner obovate, apex broadly Bot. Notiser, 129335, 1976.-Hosoka~c.a, ins.. n.d, rounded or truncate, all with very prominent Coriuoluulus indirus Burman, Ind. Univ. Herb. Amb., 7:6, mucros, up to as long as body of sepal; corolla 1755. narrowly red with yellowish Ipornoen coiigesta K. Brown, Prodr., 485, 1810.-Safford, tube, 2.5-3 cin long; stamens and style exsertetl; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:298, 1905.-Merrill, Phil. Jour. stigma 1, globose; capsule globose, dissepiments Sci. Bot., 9:131, 1914.-Okabe, Jour. Anthrop. SOC. Nippon, persistent, hyaline; seeds black, pubescent. 56:425, 1941. Cor7uoluulus coiigestits (R. Brown) Sprengel, Syst. Veg., 1:601, XIicronesian material would, at least in part, go 1825. to I. angulata, but the supposed distinctions be- Pharbitis insularis Choisy, Wm. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genere, tween this and I. hederifolia, especially length of 6:438, 1833.-Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:350, 1905. peduncle and development of a dichasium, are Zpomoea irisularis (Choisy) Steudel, Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1:817, matters of degree that seem more individual varia- 1840. tions than specific differences. Conzmluulur hederaceiis sensu Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., The nomenclature antl differences between this 9:247, 349, 1905 [non L., Sp. Pl., 154, 17531. Conuoluulus coerulezrs sensu Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., species and Ipomoetl coccinca L. are clarified by 9247, 1905 [non (Koxburgh) Sprengel, Syst. Veg., 1:593, O’Donell(1959:22-59). 18251. ’Tropical American in origin, cultivated and Iporrioea hederacea sensu Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., naturaliLed throughout the warmer parts of the 9:349, 1905.-Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:192, 1914.- NUhiBER 36 15

Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 399, 1935.-Stone, Micronesica, tips are mashed and applied to bruises (Guam: 6:492, 1971. [Non (L.) Jacquin, Collect. Am., 1:124, 1786.1 Fosberg 25347). It is used against sore throat Convolvulus nil sensu Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:248, (AIarianas: son Prowazek, 1913; “fopgo,” probably 350, 1905 [non L., Sp. PI., ed. 2,219, 17621. Pharbitis hederacea sensu Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., this species). 9:349, 1905 [non (L.) Choisy, Mem. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. VERNACULARNAMES.- Geneve, 6:440, 18331. fofgu (Saipan: Hosaka 3003) Pharbitis nil sensu Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:350, f6fgo (Rota: Fosberg 24943) 1905 [non (L.) Choisy, M6m. SOC.Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, abubu (Guam: Nelson 167) 6:439, 18331. fofga (Guam: Fosberg 35531) Pharbitis congesta (R. Brown) Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap., fofgo (Guam: Fosberg 25347; Whiting C28; Nelson 33) 1:166, 1948 [combination probably first made in synonymy fofgu (Guam: Safford, 1905) by Wight in Saffold, 1905:349, but first validly published oleamad (Palau: Fosberg 32057) by Hara]. ori-yemad (Palau: Okabe, 1941) ‘lwiner with appressed-pilose stems and leaves, oriemad (Palau: Okabe, 1943) afanafan (Truk, Moen I.: Anderson 758) leaf blades strongly cordate, acuminate, entire to ferukeruk (Truk, Moen I.: Anderson 758) somewhat trilobate; peduncles exceeding leaves, retrorse pilose, with a small dichasial cluster of subsessile to pedicellate flowers at summit, rarely GEOGRAPHICRECORDS AND SPECIMENSEXAMINED many flowered; bracts linear to lanceolate; sepals AIARIANAb I\LAND5.-choisy, 1833:438; Gaudi- lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, caudate acuminate, chaud 32 or 20 (G). to 2.5 cm long, glabrous or appressed pubescent; Agrigan: Hosokawa, n.d. corolla narrowly campanulate, flaring, blue, fading Alamagan: Asongsong village, 3-15 m, Fosberg pink, about 8 cm long; stamens unequal, less than 31731 (US, BISH, Fo). half length of corolla; stigmas 2, globular; capsule Guguan: 175 ft [55 m], Falanritw I8842 (US). depressed globose, about 1 cm wide; seed black, Sarigan: Hosokawa, n.d. glabrous. Saipan: Kanehira 95? (NY, FU), 1000 (FU); Momose in 1930 (TI); Stephens 5 (Fo); Army Hill, Zpomoea indicu (Burman) Merrill var. indica Cowage 9 (US); Charan-Tarhoho, 200 ft [60 m], Hosaka 3003 (US, BISH, Fo). The widespread form, as described above, tlis- Tinian: hlasalog Ridge, 350 ft [lo5 m], Hosaka tinguislied by being notably appressed pilose on 2830 (US, BISH, Fo). most parts. Agiguan: Kondo in 1952 (BISH). Pantropical, widespread in the Pacific Islands, in Rota: Middle level plateau above Tataacho Pt., hlicronesia known from the Marianas-Agrigan, 150-250 m, Evans 2057 (US, HAW, Fo, MO); Sa- Alamagan, Guguan, Sarigan, Saipan, Tinian, bana, 900 ft [275 m], Hosaka 3032 (US, BISH, Fo); Agiguan, Rota, Guam; Carolines-Palau, Satawal, airstrip, N of Shimaru, 180 m, Fosberg 24943 (US, Truk, Kusaie. Common at low elevations back of BISH, Fo, NY, L); Sonson, 1-10 m, Fosberg 25078 the beach, especially in open and disturbed places, (US, BISH); road to Haofna, S side of island, 200- climbing on bushes and in thickets, forming dense 250 m, Sachet 1748 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). mats on bare limestone soil even at fair elevations. Guam: McGregor 501 (US, BISH, BM); Marche UsEs.-“The seeds are strongly purgative” 51 (P, Fo), 232 (P, Fo); G.E.S. 717 (BISH); Merrill, (Guam: SaRord, 1905, under Pharbitis hederacea). 1914: 131-152; Manilao, Whiting C28 (Fo); Yigo, “The root is a powerful cathartic” (Guam: Safford, Liming s.n. (US), Nelson 33 (NY, BISH); Yigo, 120 1905, under Zpomoea congesta). The leaf is chewed m, Fosbeig 35531 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Talofofo, with betel (“pupulo”), the plant is used as a forage Mt. Almagosa, 600 ft [180 m], Hosaka 3180 (US, for animals, the leaf is used externally for bruises, BISH, Fo); Talofofo village, 105 m, Necker 211 the leaf is used in a medicinal beverage for “bloody (US); 1 mi [1.6 km] S of Barrigada, Glassman 304 flux” (“amot manuda hagaa”); some informants say (Fo); 1 km S of Barrigada, 65 m, Fosberg 35280 the plant is not used in Guam (Guam: Whiting, (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Barrigada Hill, 150 m, ms., 1965). Leaves are fed to young pigs; young Stone 4495 (GUAM); Asan Point, 2 m, Anderson 34 1 -1 Sh1 I-I-HSONI.4N CONTRIBUTIOSS TO BOTAXY

(US, HISH); Just S of Ylig Bay, E coast of island, Coiiuolvulus denticidatus Desrousseaux in Lamarck, Encycl. 50-65 m, Fosbeig 25347 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); Meth., 3:540, 1769 [1792].-Gaudichaud, Bot. Voy. Uranie, Northwest Field, 185 m, Fosberg 35387 (US, BISH), 70, 1826. Zpoinoea denticulata (Desrousseaux) Choisy, Mem. SOC.Phys. 35388 (US); 2 mi [3.2 km] W of Agat, Moore 276 Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:467, 1633.-Engler, Notizbl., 1:225, (US); Hapuio Pt., Xecker 21 (US); hlanchano Dist., 1897.-Schumann & Lauterbach, F1. Suds., 516, 1901.- 150 ni, Biyan 1180 (BISH); Piti, Swezey in 1936 Saffortl, Contr. U.S. Sat. Herb., 9:298, 1905.-Okabe, Jour. (BISH), SelJon 167 (NY, BISH); Mt, Santa Kosa, .Anthrop. SOC. Sippon, 56:425, 1941. [Non R. BroIvn, Prodr., 485, 1810.1 240 111, Eutlns I755 (US). Ipoinora thoisiana Wight ex Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., CAROLINEIsi.mos.-Palau: s. l., Nisida 46 (FU); 9:298, 1905.-House, Torreya, 7:37, 1907.--Merrill, Phil. Ricliurdson 72 (US). ,\Iadmosuk Islet (Wof Koror): JOUI..Sci. Bot., 9:131, 1914 [as 1. choisyana]. [Non Wight 50 ft [15 1111, Stone 1302 (BISH). Koror: h’gerabe’ed, and Arnott ex Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 18:130, 1894.1 3-10 in, Fosbeig 32057 (US, BISH, Fo, KY, L). Ipomora gracilis sensu Metrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:131, Sgarakabesang: old seaplane laiiding, Hardy 65 1914.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 399, I935.-Hosokawa, (US). Bull. Biogeogr. SOC. Japan, 7:139, 1937.- Okabe, Nan- kyo, 223, 1943.-St. John, Pac. Sci., 5:285, 1951.-Glassman, Satawal: 2 ni, Fosberg il- Evans 46917 (US, HAW, Bishop Mus. Bull., 209:100, 1952.-Stone, Pac. Sci., 13:103, Fo). IMI).--Hosokaiva. mq., n.d. [Non R. Bro1c.13, Prodr., 464, I’ruk: Noen: slope E of village, 35 m, Andpi.son 1810.1 758 (US, BISH, Fo, L). NY, Slender glabrous twiner, leaves broadly cordate, Kusaie: Tomasakku, Tnkamatsii 570 (BISH). usually less than 5 cm across, sometimes trilobed, venation netlike, conspicuous; peduncles short, 1- Zpomoea indica f. albiflora Stone several-flowered, bracts minute, caducous; sepals unequal in width, outer ones oblong-elliptic, inner Ipomoea indira f. albif7ora Stone, Micronesica, 2(2):139, 1967; ;I> broad as long, broadest at summit, slightly 6:493, 1971. niucroiiate; corolla funnelform to campanulate, A whi te-flowered lorm, sepals somewhat ciliate. Iwight rose purple, darker in throat, 4.5 cm or less hhKIANAs h.ANus.--Guam: Harmon Village long; stamens and style included, stigmas 2, globose: Slone 4729 (GUAM, type). Also known from the capsule glabrous, globose, ahout 9 mm in diameter; Kyukyu Islands. seeds Iilack, glabrous. Pantropical, on most islands of the Pacific, in Alicronesia known from the Lfarianas: Anatahan, Zpomoea indica var. hosakae Fosberg Saipaii, Tiniaii, Rota, Guam; from the Carolines: Iponiortr indica tat, hosakur k’osberg. Micronesica, 2(2): 151, Palau, Sonsorol, Yap Ulithi, Fais, IVoleai, Ifaluk, 1q67. I,amotrek, Satawal, h’amonuito, Xlurilo, Somwin, ‘Iruk, Samoluk. Lukunor, Satawan, Kapingama- .4 population with glabrou5 strongly ha$tate- rangi, Ponape, Kusaie; from tlie lrarshalls: Ujelang, trilobate leaves. Lac, Ailinglapalap, lIajuro, Arno, Jaluit; from tlie CAROLINEI~LANDS.---TTU~: Noen: Mt. Takeum, Gilberts: Butari tari. Coninion in lo.cl.lands, espe- 700 ft [215 m], Hosaka 2713 (US, type; BISH, Fo, cially in clistnrbed or open places and along sea- NY). Fefan: \It. Tuktyap, Hosokazuu 8387 (’4). coasts, less common at middle elevations. In Caroline atolls found on edges of taro pits, around Zpomoea littoralis Blume villages, and generally in interior in openings and thin places in woods and coconut groves. Probably Iporiroea Iitforalis Blume, Bijdr., 713, 1825 [1826].-Volken% impossible to determine where this plant was native Bot. Jahrb., 31:473, 1901.-Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:299, 1905.-KrBaer in Thilenius, Erg. Siids. Exp., IIB, and where accidentally introduced by man. 10(1):389, 1937.-Glassman, Bishop Mns. Bull., 209: 100, USES.-The leaves are used in relieving pains 1952.-Fosberg, Atoll Res. Bull., 39: 17, 1955.-Fosberg and after childbirth and as an ingredient in soups, and Sachet, .Atoll Res. Bull., 92:32, 1962.-Stone, Micronesica, the flowers are employed as a hemostatic in men- 1:126, 1964.-Fosberg, Microllesica, 2(2):151, I96i.-Otobed, is nis., 1967; Guide List Plants Palau Is., 1971.-Stone, Micro- struation (Ponape: Glassman, 1952.) This vine nesica, 6:493, 19il.--Alkire, Micronesica, 10:24, 1974. used for I)otli people and animals (pigs) a5 a remedy NUMBER 36 15 for loss oE appelite. It is boiled to make a medicinal marginejojo (Majuro: S1. John 22411) tea for human consumption. The leaves of this vine marlab (Majuro: Fosberg 26981) waliktik (Arno: Anderson 3625) are also pounded, mixed with coconut oil, and applied to boils to relieve pain (Sonsorol: Berry 3). Leaves are eaten after being cooked in water but GEOGRAPHICRECORDS AND SPECIMENSEXAMINED only when typhoons have made other food scarce (Ifaluk: Abbott i~ Bates 61, 80). Leaves are eaten MARIANASIsLANDs.-Gaudichaud 169 (or 18bis) mixed with sweet toddy as a starvation food; also (G). The specimen is scarcely determinable with they are pounded and placed in coconut water, and certainty but seems to belong here rather than in the-mixture drunk for fright illness (Woleai: Alkire “I. triloba? var.,” where Gaudichaud put it. 23). Anatahan: Near W coast, below 200 m, Falanruw 1708 (US). \’ERSACUL m K.4 ~1~s.- Saipan: Marche 18 (P, Fo); Momose in 1930 lagoun (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826) (TI); Tuyama in 1937 (TI); Kanehira dr Hatusima lagun (Guam: G.E.S. 96,254; Nelson 31) 4315 (FU);Lake Susupe, 1 km SE of Susupe Point, lagun tase (Guam: McGregor 449) tohruh (Palau: Okabe, 1943) just E of Charankanoa, 0 m, Fosberg 25269 (US, torch (Palau: Otobed, 1967, 1971) BISH). tor0 (Palau: Fosberg 25775) Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826:70; Merrill 1914: 131; toroog (Palau: Hosokawa, nd.) Safford, 1905:298; Marche 181 (P, Fo); Nelson 31 sauworu (Sonsorol: Berry 3, 7) dili (Yap: Fosberg 46559) (BISH), 32 (BISH), 399 (BISH); McGregor 449 geli (Yap: Wong 330) (BISH);G.E.S. 96 (US, BISH, BM, NSW), 254 (US); gelie (Yap: Volkens, 1901) Anderson 342 (US); W of Mt. Santa Rosa, Ander- gilij (Yap: Fosberg 25549) son 161 (US, BISH, Fo); W foot of hit. Santa Rosa, cha\c.el (Ulithi: Lessa 55; Hosaka 3218) Moor? 380 (US); Mt. Tenjo, 800 ft [245 m], Moore cho’wel (Ulithi: Fosberg 46615) 83 (US); Cotal Conservation Area, Cross Island djauel (Fais: Kramer, 1937) chaiwel (Woleai: Evan.$462: Alkire, 1974) Road, 150 m, Fosberg 39245 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); ririo (Woleai: Alkire, 1974) S to SE of Umatac, 80-200 m, Fosberg 35440 (US); shaiwel (Woleai: Alkire 23) plateau NW of Talofofo, 400 ft [120 m], Hosaka chaiwol (Ifaluk: Fosberg 47236) 3130 (US); v2 mi C0.8 km] NE of &It. Tenjo, 1000 schaiuwell (Ifaluk: Abbott LT Bates 80) ft [305 m], Moore 294 (BISH); hlachanao Distr., shaiuwel (Ifaluk: .4bbott k Bates 61, 80) zharuwel (Ifaluk: Abbott iY Bates 61) 150 m, Bryan 1180a (BISH); Manengon dry savan- raiwal (Satawal: Fosberg G Evans 46919) nas, Stone 4837 (GUAM); Manengon, volcanic hills ferukernk (Truk: Anderson 739) near “Tarzan River” falls, Stone 4532 (GUAM); frugrug (Truk: Hosokawa, 1937) Piti, Swerey in 1936 (BISH). maranof (Truk: Hosaka 2745) CAROLINEIsLAxos.-Palau: Kayangl: Tuyama in rnge (Truk: Fosberg 24636) ruk (Truk: Fosberg 26041) 1939 (TI). Babeldaob: Kamusetu, Almonogui, r ukar u k (Truk : Fos berg 2604 I) Hatuszma 4990 (FU); hlarikyoku, Kanehira 422 ruke (Truk: Fosbe1.g 24636) (FU); Melekiok, Tuyama in 1939 (TI); Arekalong, ruuke (Truk: Wong 163) Takamatsu 1655 (BISH);Ngarsul, Tuyama in 1937 rorurok (Satawan: Andersorr 970) (TI); Aimiriik, Kanehira dr Okuya in 1934 (FU). wan ut (Satawan: Anderson 1209) chehuive (Kapinganiarangi: Hosaka 3433) Ngeanges: in Yo0 (Sar) Passage, Fosberg 25775 (US, huivhe (Kapinganiarangi: Niering 562,633,669,687) BISH, Fo, NY, L). emp (Ponape: Fosberg 26247) Sonsorol: Hady 131 (US); Berry 7 (US), 3 (US). onip (Ponape: Fosberg 26247, 26239; Reisenberg 53) Yap: Kanehira dr Hatusima 4328 (FU); Kamiya oomp (Ponape: Glassnian 2748) 199 (TI); 25 ft [8 m], Wong 330 (US, BISH, Fo); sul oomp (Ponape: Glassman, 19.52) near Ngalog village, E central Yap, Cushing 495 unpu (Ponape: Hosokawa, n.d.) (US); low E ridge of Mt. Matade, 20-40 m, Fos- ooh (Kusaie: Glassmati 2673) bele (Ujelang: Fosberg 34202) berg 25574 (US);Mt. Matade, 160 m, Fosberg 25549 bele (Lae: Fosberg 34053) (US), 150 m, Czishing 454 (US); Dogol, Tziyama in lawjiningen kujikerit (Ailinglapalap: Fosberg 26887) 1939 (TI); Tarang I., Tornil Bay, Tziyama in 1939 16 SSII’I‘HSOh’IAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

(TI); Numagil, S Yap, 3 m, Cushing 666A (US): N (US, BISH); Werua I.: Niesing 669 (US, Fo); 687 Cagil, near Tagaren Channel, 3 m, Cushing 602 (US), 633 (US). (US); Tomil I., 50 ft [15 m], Hosaka 3267 (US); Ponape: Riexnbesg 53 (BISH); Kusuno in 1915 Dalipebinaw Distr., near Yap High School, 30 in, (TI); Colonia, Not District, Fosbesg 26247 (US, Fosberg 46559 (US, HAW, Fo); Colonia, Beacon BISH, Fo, NY, L), Fosbesg 26239 (US, BISH, Fo); Hill, 170 m, Evans 298 (US, BISH). vicinity of Colonia, Glassman 2447 (US, BISH); U Ulithi: Fassarai I., Hosaka 3218 (US); hlogmog I., District, GlasJman 2573 (US, BISH); hlt. Seletereh, Ixssa 55 (BISH); Falalap I., 1-3 m, Fo.yberg 46615 2000 ft [610 m], Glassman 2748 (US); Ronkiti, (Fo). Glassman 2797 (US, BISH); hft. Tolotom, Taka- Fais: On plateau, 15 m, Fosbesg 46692 (US). intrtsu 1052 (BISH, Bhl). Woleai: Utagal I., 1-2 in, Wong 27 (US, BISH, Kusaie: Xlt. Tefeyaht, 100 ft [30 m], Glassman Fo, NY, L); Falalis I., interior of islet, AZkire 23 2673 (US); Lele, Hosakawa 6457 (A); Mt. Buache, (US); Slioliap (Saliap) I., 1-2 m, Fosbesg 47035 Hosakauw 6,756 (A), 6292? (A); summit of hit. (US); Falalap I., Evans 482 (US, Fo). Alatanta (Buache), 550-600 m, Fosberg 26634 (US); Ifaluk: Falarik I.: Abbott & Bates 61 (US, BISH); S of Lela (L,ele) Harbor 50-150 m, Fosbesg 26655 on Fanniwa trail, Abbott 6 Bates 80 (US, BISH). (US, HISH, Fo). Falalap I.: 1-2 m, Fosbesg 47244 (US, HAW). Ifaluk MARSHALLIsr2Ams.-Ujelang: Ujelang I., Fos- I: 1-2 m, Fosbesg 47236 (US). besg 34202 (US). Lamotrek: Lamotrek I., 1 m, Fosbesg L- Evans he: Loj I., Fosbesg 34053 (US). 46773 (US). Ailinglapalap: -4irik I,, Fosberg 26887 (US). Satawal: lnterior breadfruit and coconut forest, AIajuro: Alajuro I., St. John 21411 (BISH); Laura 2 m, Fosberg ?- Evans 46919 (US). (Wend of island), Fosberg 26981 (US). Namonuito: Alagur I., Stone 2120 (BISH); P’iseras Arno: liie I., Hafheumy 879 (US, BISH), Ander- I., 3-5 in, Evans 887 (US); Ono I., 0-3 m, Evans soil 3625 (US, BISH). 1035 (US). Jaluit: Schuniann and Lauterbach, 1901:516 (cit- Murilo: Ruo I., 0-3 m, Evans 1163 (US); ltiirilo ing Schwabe); Engler, 1897:225; Schnee in 1902 I., 3-5 m, Evnns 1246 (US). (NSW); Schiiee 8 (XSW); Imruj (Imrodj) I., 1-3 m, Nomwin: Komwin I., 0-3 m, Evans 1046 (US); wid to be introduced from Ponape, Fosberg 26765 Fananu I., 0-5 m, Evans 1100 (US). (US, HISH, Fo, NY, L). Truk: Koidzumi in 1915 (TI); Wong 163 (US, GILBERTIsr.ANDs.-Butaritari: Butaritari I., Bu- HISH, Fo); Uoala, Moore 136 (US). Moen I.: S of taritari village, Hwb.it (?- Alleston 2766 (US). .\loen village, Andeuon 739 (US); flats near “Baker Dock,” 3 m, Fosbesg 24692 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Zpomoea macrantha Koemer & Schultes N Side of Nomenuk Bay, Fosberg 26041 (US, BISH); Nob Hill, 100-150 m, Evans 1375 (US, Ipomoea niurmnthu Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg., 4:251, 1819. HAIY). Dublon and most islets: Hosokawa, 1937: Iponio~nlongi//orrc K. Brown, Prodr., 485, 1810 [non Hum- 199. Dublon: Natsushinia, Takamatsu 103 (BISH). holdt & Bonplantl ex ~2’illdenow,Enum. Hort. Berol., 207, Tol: Suiyoto, Takamatsu 30 (BISH). Fefan: 25 ft 18091. [8 nil, Hosaka 2745 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). Pis: Convolvidus tuba Schlechtendal, Linnaea, 6:735, 1831. Fosbesg 24636 (US, BISH). Ipomoeu glaberrima Bojer ex Bouton, Hook. Jour. Bot., 1:357, 1834.-Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:473, 1901. Namoluk: Namoluk I., 0.9 m, Marshall 81 (US). Calonyction comospermum Bojer, Hort. Maur., 228, 1837 Lukunor: Lukunor I., Anderson 2157 (US, BISH, [nom. illegit., equibalent to Ipomoen glaberrima Bojer ex Fo, NY, L); Oneap I., Andesmn 1083 (US, BISH, Routon, 18341. Fo, NY, L). Ipomo~atuba (Schlechtendal) G. Don, Gen. Syst., 4:271, 1838. Satawan: Aloch I., Anderson 970 (US, BISH, Fo, -St. John, Pac. Sci., 5:285, 1951.-St. John & Mason, Pac. Sci., 7:166, 1953.-Luomala, Bishop Mus. Bull., 213:47, 110, NY, L); Ta I., Anderson 1037 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, I953.-Fosberg, Atoll Res. Bull., 39:18, I955.-Catala, Atoll L); Kutu I., Anderson 1209 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). Res. Bull., 59:97, 1957.-Fosberg, Atoll Res. Bull., 67:4, 17, Kapingamarangi: Hare I.: Hosaka 3433 (US, 1959; 68:6, 1959.-Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 76:6, 1961.- BISH, Fo); Xiel-ing 562 (US); 1 m, Fosberg 26089 Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92:32, 1962; 123:13, NUMBER 36 17

1969.-Stone, Micronesicd, 6:494, 1971.-Alkire, Micro- Cutulu 57). The vine is regarded as harmful since nesica, 10(1):3, 1974. it kills any tree on which it grows (Kili: St. John Calonyction tuba (Schlechtendal) Colla, Mem. c. una nuova and Mason, 1953). Young leaves and roots are used specie di Calonyction . . . 15, 1841 [1840?]. Calonyction speciosum sensu Engler, Notizbl., 1:225, 1897 in medicine; withes are used for skipping rope [non Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genhve, 6:441, (Rota: Evans 2030). A preparation of young leaves, 18331. pounded and mixed with coconut oil, is applied to Calonyction bona-nox sensu Schumann & Lauterbach, F1. boils, toothaches, and bruises; rubbed into painful Suds., 515, 1901 [non (L.) Bojer, Hort. Maur., 227, 18371. areas, it relieves throbbing and swelling (Sonsorol: Calonyction album sensu Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:131, Berry 61). 1914.-Hosokawa, ms., n.d. ”on (L.) House, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 31:591, 1904.1 VERNACULARNAMES.- Ipomoea grandifiora sensu Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, alaihaitasi (Guam: G.E.S. 166) 29:253, 1915.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 399, 1935.-Hoso- sauwonilaewau (Sonsorol: Berry 61) kawa, ms., n.d. [Non Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl., 1:467, 1791 walfichfich (Ulithi: Lessa 59) [ 1793?].] gufamach (Woleai: Alkire, 1974) Zpomoea alba sensu Taylor, PI. Bikini, 193, 1950 [non L.. hufamash (Woleai: Alkire 86) Sp. Pl., 161, 17531. ava’mas (Faraulap: Fosberg 6Evans 47397) Ipomoea bona-nox sensu Guillaumin, Bull. SOC.Bot. France, garenap (Ifaluk: Abbott and Bates 85) 99:22, 1952 [non L., Sp. PI., ed. 2, 228, 17621. walima (Ifaluk: Fosberg 47204) afamach (Truk: Fosberg 24634) Extensive coarse glabrous twining liana, lower ooropon (Truk: Wong 179) parts thickened but not very woody, in very dry arupuel (Lukunor: Anderson 2110) situations forming a short very thick trunk which afamas (Satawan: Anderson 1073) hue (Nukuoro: Fosberg 26235, Carroll 43) annually produces herbaceous elongate stems which huwhe maitai (Kapingamarangi: Niering 554) die back during the dry seasons; leaves somewhat tehuwe (Kapingamarangi: Hosaha 3438) fleshy or not, cordate orbicular, somewhat acumi- tihu (Kapingamarangi: Fosberg 26079) nate, to 15 cm across; peduncles l-few-flowered, tileiu (Kapingamarangi: Niering 704) cymose, pedicels thickened, or even somewhat tur- ahfahmus (Ant: Glassman, 1953) ohlop (Mokil: Glassman 2606) binate; sepals orbicular, apex rounded, 15-25 mm wahlap (Pingelap: Glassman 2648) long, accrescent and very thick in fruit; corolla bele (Eniwetok: Fosberg 24349) white, to 10 cm long, with very long tube and flar- maralap (Utirik: Fosberg 33700) ing limb, opening at night; stamens and style in- bele (Ujelang: Fosberg 34178) cluded, stigmas 2; capsules globose or subglobose, marbele (Ujelang: Fosberg 34178) to 2.5 cm long, enclosed by accrescent sepals which marbele (Lae: Fosberg 34083) later become reflexed; seeds with black tomentum, marabele (Aur: St. John 21385) long hairs on edges. marabele (Majuro: St. John, 1951, observed) marbele (Arno: Anderson 3622,3758) Pantropical, on almost all Pacific Islands, known mar bole (Kili, Bikini people: St. John and Mason, 1959, in Micronesia from the Marianas-Saipan, Tinian, citing Mason 14) Rota, Guam; Carolines-Palau, Sonsorol, Yap, te ruku (Tarawa: Catala 57) Ulithi, Eauripik, Woleai, Faraulap, Ifaluk, Gaferut, ruku (Nonouti: Koch 32) Namonuito, Murilo, Truk, Lukunor, Satawan, te ruku (Tabiteuea: Luornala 38) Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi, Mokil, Pingelap; Wake

I.; Marshalls-most of the islands; Gilberts- GEOGRAPHICRECORDS AND SPECIMENSEXAMINED Tarawa, Nonouti, Tabiteuea, Onotoa. A strand species, found both in open and in forests, occa- MARIANASIsLAms.-Saipan: Lunge 12 (BISH); sionally, as in Guam, reaching middle elevations, Momose in 1930 (TI); Tsukimi Bay, 75 m, Fosberg especially at tops of cliffs facing sea. 25206 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). USES.-The marble-sized tubers were used long Tinian: “Yellow Beach” E of Mt. Lasso, 1-10 m, ago for food (Kili, Bikini people: St. John and Fosberg 24905 (US, BISH). Mason, 1953.) Stems and leaves are crushed in water Rota: Necker R 64 (US); between Rota village and used as a shampoo. To kill lice, the shampoo and Tataacho Pt., Fosberg 25008 (US); Songsong is used in concentrated form (Gilberts, Tarawa: village, 5-10 m, Evans 2030 (US). 18 S\IITHSONI w CONTRIBUTIONS ‘ro BOTANY

Guam: Merrill 1914:131; Fadian Pt., 115 m, Fos- berg 26079 (US, BISH); Nunakita I., A’iesing 554 berg 31219 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); above Tarague (US); Werua I., Niesing 585 (US). Beach, 140 m, Fosbesg 35672 (US, BISH); Oca Pt., ,Ant: Glassman, 1953:305. Andes.\orr 181 (US, BISH); S of Asan Pt. and Piti, hIokil: Kalap I., Glassman 2606 (US). 15 ni, Anderson 95 (US); E coast, between Togcha Pingelap: Pingelap I., Glassman 2648 (US). and Talofofo Bay, Moo~e369 (US); E of Apra I\’AKE IsLlisu.-Fosberg 33614 (US); Johnson Heights, hlanengon, Stonc 4662 (BISH, GUAM); (Degenos’s)20694 (NY); Bsanckamp in 1936 (BISH); Atantano Koad, Selson 405 (NY), 566 (NY); Iates Pollock 37 (RISH); Pollock G- Bryan 21 (BISH); Pt. Con5ervatioii .Area 60-90 m, Evans I832 (US); XlcFarlane 10 (US): Johnson in 1935 (BISH); GaJ- Cabras I., G.E.S. 166 (US, BISH, BM, NY). (on in 1953 (BISH); Lyons 25 (BISH); Peale I., CAROLINEIsi.Asus.-Palau: Koror: Momose in Ksauss in 1957 (BISH). 1930 (TI). Ngesnges: in Yo0 (Sar) Passage, just IV MARSHALLIsI.ANDs.-Taylor, 1950: 193-194. Radak of southern point of Urukthapel I., Fosberg 25511 [Chain]: s.I., Eschscholtz (LE). (US, BISH, Fo, XY, L). Peliliu: N end of “Purple Pokak: Sihylla I., Fosbesg 34526 (US). Beach,” E side of island, Fosbesg 26008 (US, BISH, EniweLok: Eniwetok I.: Fosberg 24285 (US, BISH, Fo); strand, Hatrrsima 4723 (FU), 4807 (FU). Fo, KY, L). Igurin I.: Fosbesg 24305 (US, BISH). Sonsorol: Rewy 61 (IJS, HAW); Salsedo 397 Biijiri I.: St. John 23825 (BISH). Engebi I.: Fos- (H.IW), besg 24406 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); St. John 23781 Yap: Volkens 1901:4i3 (citing Volkeris 189); (BISH). Japtan I.: Fosbesg 24342 (US, BISH, Fo, Garini I. (off SE Yap), Citshing 542 (US). NY, L); Tnylos 46-1290 (US). Aniyaanini I.: St. Ulithi: Alogmog, Lass 59 (BISH); Asor I., 1-2 John 2?720 (US, BISH). Jieroru 1.: Taylos 46-1249 m, FoJber.g 46455 (Fo); Sorlen I., 0-5 m, Evans 426 (US). Aomon 1.: Taylor, 1950:194 (citing Taylor (Fo); Falalap I., 1-3 m, F0sbej.g 46632 (US, Fo, 46-1346); 1-3 ni, Fosberg 24349 (US, BISH, Fo). RISH.) Bikini: Bikini I., Taylos 46-1094 (BN, G), 46- Eauripik: Eauripik I., in village, 1-2 m, Fosberg 1147 (US), 46-1054 (US); Eniirikku I., Taylor 1950: h‘ Evans 47150 (us, Fo). 194 (citing Taylor 46-1027): Chieerete I., Taylor 46- [Voleai: Falalis I., interior of islet, Alkise 86 116‘4 (US): Enyu I., Taylos 46-1176 (US), 46-1006 (US); Sholiap I., 1 m, Fosbe7.g 47044 (US), 2 m, Fm- (US). besg 47048 (US). Ailinginae: Sifo I., Fosbesg 36693 (US, BISH, Fo). Faraulap: Faraulap I., 3 m, Fosberg CL- Evans Rongelap: Eniaetok I., Taylos 46-1366 (US, 17397 (US). HISH). Rongerik: Latohack I., Taylor 46-1423 (US). lfaluk: Falarik I., Abbott & Bates 85 (US, BISH), Utirik: Utirik I.: Fosbesg 33661 (US, NY), 33677 Evnris 538 (Fo); lfaluk I., 2 m, Fosbe1.g 47204 (US, (US); Stone 2057 (BISH). Eluk I.: Fosbesg 33700 BISH, K, NO). (US, NY). Gaferut: Niesing 773 (US). U.jelang: Ujelang I,, Fosberg 34178 (US, NY): Namonuito: Stone 2118 (BISH); Piseras I., 0-3 Daisu I., Doty 6 G2lmartiri 12764 (BISH). m, Evans 898 (US, HAW, NY, A). Ujae: Bock I., Fosberg34362 (US, NY). Alurilo: RUOI., 3-5 m, Lvans 1208 (US). IVotho: IVotho I., Fosberg 34239 (US, NY). Truk: Wortg 179 (US, BISH). RIoen (Harushima): Lae: Loj I., Fosbesg 34056 (US); Enenbao I., Fos- Takumatsu 172 (BISH). Pis: Fosberg 24634 (US, besg 34083 (US). BISH). Kwajalein: Lojjairong I., Fosberg 34119 (US); Lukunor: Oneap I., Anderson 2110 (US, BISH, Bigej (Bennett) I., Fosbesg 26519 (US, BISH, Fo, Fo, NY, L). NY, L); Kwajalein I., Fosbesg 26472 (US, BISH, Fo, Satawan: Ta I., Andesson 1073 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). NY). Ailuk: Ailuk I., Fosbesg 33942 (US, NY). Nukuoro: Nukuoro (,Matakena) I., Fosbesg 262?5 Jemo: Fosbesg 33890 (US). (US, BISH); Modubodai, Carroll43 (US). Likiep: Aikini (Agony) I., Fosbesg 27053 (US, Kapingamarangi: Tangawaka I., Niering 704 BISH). (US); Hare I., Hosaka 3438 (US, BISH, Fo), Fos- hIe,iit: Stone 1081 (BISH). NUMBER 36 19

Aur: Tabal I., St. John 21385 (BISH). afanafan (Truk: Anderson 759) Ailinglapalap: Bikajle (Bigatyelang) I., Fosbeig emechimech (Truk: Pelrer 44) eteniten (Truk: Wong 124) 26795 (US). inechimech (Truk: Pelzer 65) LIajuro: Laura (W end of Majuro I.), Fosberg metmet (Truk: Hosokawa, 1937) ,76967 (US, BISH); Uliga I., Stone 961 (BISH). likaam (Ponape: Fosberg 26352) Arno: he I., Anderson 3622 (US, BISH, NY); likam (Ponape: Glassman 2564, Riesenberg 67, Christian, Eniairik I., Andemon 3758 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); 1899) Bikarej I., Hatheway 821 (US, BJSH). likatou (Ponape: Riesenberg 67) asingsing (Kusaie: Fosberg 26571) Kili: St. John and llason, 1953:166, Mason 14 (BISH). Jaluit: Koiclziimi in 1915 (TI); Engler 1897:225; GEOGRAPHICRECORDS AND SPECIMENSEXAMINED Schuniann and Lauterbach, 1901:515 (citing CAROLINEIsLANDs.-Palau: Babeldaob: Melekiok, Schwabe); Jaluit I., Sydney Pier, just S of Jabor, Tuyarna in 1939 (TI). Peliliu: Kanehira Hatu- Fo\be?g 26685 (US, BISH, Fo, A’Y, L). 6. GILBERTlsr.AixDs.-Tarawa: Tearinibai, Catah sima 4 792 (FU). Yap: Volkens 1901:473 (citing Volkens 209, 463); 57 (P); Bikenibeu I., Herbst & Allerton 2690 (US). Dogol, Tuyama in 1939 (TI); Mt. Matade, 160 m, Nonouti: S of Taiinrawa, 2 m, Koch 32 (US, Fo). Fosbeyg 25553 (US), 150 m, Cushing 456 (US); ’Iabiteuea: Luomala, 1953:47, 110; Luomala 38 (BISH). Colonia vicinity, 150 m, Evans 296 (US, HAW). Truk: Koidzwni in 1915 (TI); Koidzumi in 1925 Onotoa: Moul 8338 (US), 8197 (US, BISH, NY). (TI); 25 ft [8 m], Wong 124 (US, BISH, Fo); Kane- him 606 (NY, FU). Moen: Pelzer 65 (US); old site of Zpomoea mauritiana Jacquin Mechetiu (Metitiu) village, W side of Bou Bay, 0-1 m, Fosbel-g 24418 (US, BISH); 1000 ft [305 m], Zpomoea ninirritiana Jacquin, Coll., 4216, 1790. CoiivoluiiIus paniculatus L., Sp. Pl., 156, 1753. Hosaka 2781 (US, BISH); summit of Mt. Tona- Zpomoea panici~lata (L.) R. Brown, Prodr., 486, 1810.- achau, Fosberg 26054 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); slope E Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:473, 1901. “on Burman f., FI. of Moen (village), 30 m, Anderson 759 (US, BISH, Ind., 50, 1768.1 Fo, NY, L); track from Nob Hill to high school, Zpomoea digitata sensu Hosokawa, Bull. Biogeogr. SOC.Jap., 100-120 m, Evans 1417 (US). Dublon: Hosokawa, 7:199, 1937.--Glassman, Bishop Mus. Bull., 209:99, 1952. 1937:199. Tol: Pelzer 44 (US); Takarnatsu 29 [Noii l,., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 924, 1759.1 (BISH). Fefan, Uman, Tarik: Hosokawa, 1937:199. Subglabrous liana; leaves large, cordate, usually Ponape: Ripsenberg 67 (BISH); Glassman 2564 deeply cut into 7 ovate- or oblong-lanceolate acu- (US, BISH); Jokaj, 300 ft [90 m], Hosaka 3496 (US, minate lobes; peduncles about as long as leaves, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Colonia, Stone 1974 (GUAM), iimbelloitlly branched near summit into 14 pedi- Kanehim 688 (FU, NY); U District, N coast, be- cels, or corymbiform cymose-paniculate; sepals tween Ipuac and U, 1-5 m, Fosberg 26352 (US, glabrous, orbicular, about 1 cm long, strongly con- BISH, Fo, NY); Nanpil, Takamatsu 840 (BISH); cave; corolla campanulate, pink-purple, red or Salapwuk (Salbuk), Takamatsu 612 (BISH); Net red-purple within in throat, about 6 cm long; village, Salomon cir. George 50 (US). stamen5 and style included, stigmas 2, globose; Kusaie: S side of Mt. Matanta (Buache), 50 ni, capsule globose, about 1 cm long; seeds black, Fosbeig 26571 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); AIoto, Kane- covered with long coarse white hairs. hira 1426 (FU, XY). Said to be pantropic; in Micronesia: Caroline Is. -Palau, Yap, Truk, Ponape, Kusaie. Growing in Zpornoea obscura (L.)Ker-Gawler thickets and edges of forest, climbing on rocks and on other plants. Zpomoea obscura (L.) Ker-Gawler, Bot. Reg., 3:239, 1817. USES.-Leaves of this species are used in relieving Conuolvulus obsciirus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2,220, 1762. pains after childbirth (Ponape: Glassman 2564). Slender twiner, almost glabrous to notably pilose; VI-RXACLXARY.t~i

\’ERNACULAR NAMES.- Fosberg 31429 (US). Pagan: Mnrche 149 (P, Fo); Bonham 21 (US, Fo); fofegau halae (Marianas: Gaudichaud sm.) Isthmus, Anderson 565 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); alalag-tasi (Marianas: von Prowazek, 1913) alaiyai (Saipan: Hosokawa, n.d.) Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31396 (US); Laguna, alaihai-tasi (Guam: Safford, 1905) Villagomez JV-05 (US); airstrip, Moore 308 (US); alalag (Guam: Whiting CJ6) AIt. Pagan, 300 ft [90 m], Moore 368 (US). 22 SMI THSONIIN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

Alamagan: Partido village, Fosberg 31645 (US, 25493 (US, BISH), Lessa in 1949 (BISH); Falalap RISH); SSW coast, Falanruw 1956 (US). I., 3 m, Fosbeig 46974 (US, Fo, HAW, 120); Sorlen Guguan: W coast below 50 ft [15 m], Falanixri~ I., 5 in, Evans 408 (US, Fo, BISH, L, A, NY). 1800 (US). Eauripik: Eauripik I., 1-2 m, Fosberg C Evans Sarigan: 0-20 m, Evans 2429 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); 47129 (US). 0-75 ft [O-20 1111, Falan.t-uw I775 (US). Woleai: Utagal I., Wong 14 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); Anatahan: Sea level, Falunruw 1665 (US); S of Falalis I., Alkire 70 (US); Falalap I., Euans 440 (Fo, SW tip of island, 0-10 ni, Evans 2460 (US, BISH, BISH, US). Fo, NY). Ifaluk: Abbott & Bates 148 (US): S shore of Ella \Ietlinilla: Swedberg, nu., 19i.i. I., Abbott L+ Bates 73 (US). Saipan: Stephens 60 (Fo); seashore, Kanehira 1021 Larnotrek: Larnotrek I., 3 m, Fosberg 5 Evans (FU); Cliaran-Kanoa, 10 ft [3 m], Hosaka 3023 (US, 46767 (US). BISH); just N of Agingan Pt,, SXV corner of island, Satawal: Satawal I., S side, Fosberg 46949 (seed- Fosbevg 25251 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). ling) (US). Tinian: Okatani 65 (FU); Kondo in 1952 Namonuito: Ulul I., observed, common on most (BISH), 28 (BISH); beach, E side of Mt. Lasso, E islets, Stone, 1959: 103. side of island, Fosberg 24909 (US, BISH, Fo); Lake Truk: Koidzumi in 1915 (TI); Wong 247 (US, Hagoya, N end of island, Fosberg 24789 (US, BISH, Fo). Dublon: Natsushima, Takamatsu 63 (BISH). Fo). To1 (Suizoto): Takamatsu 26 (BISH). Rota: Hosokawa, n.tl. Etal: Seen by Anderson, but not collected. Guam: Endlicher, 1835: 173 (citing Lesson): Lukunor: Seen by Anderson, but not collected. Hombron in 1841 (P); McGregor 545 (US, BISH); Satawan: Moch I., Anderson 1123 (US, BISH, G.E.S. 71 (US, BISH, NSW); hlerrill, 1914:132; near Fo, NY, Id); Satawan l., Anrleno)? 1102 (US, BISH, mouth of Ylig River, Rodin 775 (US); beach $" mi Fo, SY,L). [0.8 kni] IY of Agana, itloore 135 (US); Agana, Kapingamarangi: Hare I.: Fosberg 26096 (US, Sealr in 1900 (BISH), Whiting C16 (Fo); beach E of BISH, Fo, NY); ,\'iering 7-37 (US, Fo), 691 (US, Fo, Harrigada, Strew 135 (US); near Talisay, 150 m, BISH). Werua I.: Sierzng 586 (US). Fosbcrg 35262 (US, BISH, Fo); Oca Pt., Glassma?/ Ponape: Kamiya 218 (TI), 277 (TI);Bascom T83 134 (Fo); \It. Terijo, 320 m, B~yan1111 (BISH); (US); U District, h' coast between Ipuak and U, 1-5 hlarine Beach, Pedru, 7 (GUAhI); Pago, along river m, Fosberg 26335 (US, BISH); Saputik I., GIassman bank, .Yrlson 249 (BISH); Pity, Selson 180 (US, 2778 (US, BISH); Tarnon, Takamatsu 881 (BISH). KISH); Tagachan Bay, Stone 4019 (BISH, GUAhI); Kusaie: Kanchirn 1367 (NY, FU); valley S of Lele 'I'ogclia Ha!,, Jones Beach, Stone 4463 [4462?] Harbor, Fosberg 26642 (US, BISH); XIot, Tnka- (G1JAhI). rnatsu 443 (BISH). CAROLISEIsr.~x~s.-Palau: Koror: Owen I1 (US, II'AKE Isr2Axu.-Fosberg 34473 (US). Peale I.: BISH); Ngetmecluch rock, Hardy 73 (US). Babel- Pollock & Bryan 22a (BISH); Lyons 24 (BISH). tlaob: E coast, Ngatkip, Airai, 0-5 m, Fosberg 32391 Area D: Gaston in 1953 (BISH). (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Marikyoku, Kanehira 381 MARSHAL.I.IsI.Ams.-Eniwetok: Eniwetok I., Fos- (FU). Afalakal: Dechel, Hardy 40 (US, BISH). Peli- berg 24287 (US, BISH); Igurin I., St. John 23733 liu: Snlsedo 138 (US); N end of island, Fo.rbcrg (BISH); Engebi I., Fosberg 24404 (US, BISH, Fo, 26011 (US, BISH). NY, L), St. John 23778 (US., BISH); Aomon I., St. Sonsorol: Sonsorol I., Bewy 11 (US); beach from John 2?831 (BISH). village to S tip of island, Hardy I49 (US, BISH). Lae: Lae I., Fosberg 33999 (US); Loj I., Fosberg Tobi: causeway through center of island, Hardy 34044 (US). 142 (US, BISH). Kwajalein: Kwajalein I., Fosberg 26480 (US, Helen Reef: Salsedo 387 (US). BISH, Fo, NY, L); Bennett (Bikej) I., Fosberg Yap: Kamiya 131 (TI); Wong 309 (US, Fo); Gill- 26506 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). man Colony road, 15 in, Ciishing 386 (US). XIajuro: Dalap (Salome) I., Fosberg 26910 (US, Ulithi: Asor I., Fosberg 46438 (US, BISH, Fo, RISH, Fo, NY, L); Afajuro I., St. John 1951:285. SY, I,, P, TI, A): hlogmog I., Fo.sbei.g 6 Wong Jaluit: Koidzumi in 1915 (TI): Schumann and NUMBER 36 23

Lauterbach 1901:517 (citing Schwabe); Engler 1897: GEOGRAPHICRECORDS AND SPECIMENSEXAMINED 225; Jaluit I., Sydney Pier area, Fosberg 26709 (US, RISH, Fo, NY, L). MARIANASISLANDS- Tinian: Lake Hagoya, N NAUR~JISI.AND.--BIlTgeS 130 (NSW), 140 (NSkV'). end of island, 1-10 m, Fosberg 24791 (US, BISH, HANABA(OCEAN I.).-Rhone 45 (NSW). Fo, NY, L). GILBERT ISLANDS.-Butaritari: Butaritari I., Guam: Marche 207 (US); Nelson 407 (Bish): Herbst 6 Allerton 2699 (US). G.E.S. 1i2 (NSW, BISH); illerrill, 1914: 133 (citing Tarawa: Uncommon, seen only in some abun- G.E.S. 172); Manguuao, 65 m, Fosberg 35618 (US). dance in Betio and near the landing place at CAROLINEIsr2ANDs.-Palau: Koror I.: Otobed 44 Bairiki, Catala 1957:97 (citing Catala 152): seen (US); Tngeronger, Blackburn 193 (US); Cheatham in 1967 by Sachet; Betio, lagoon side, Adair 98 (US), 36 (US). Luomala 1953:25. Yap: Wong 335 (US, Fo, NY, BISH). Ponape: Parakiet, Salomon 6. George 38 (US). Zpomoea quamoclit L. Zpomoea sepiaria Koenig ex Roxburgh lpomoea quamoclit L., Sp. Pl., 159, 1753.-Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:299, 1905.-Otobed, ms., 1967; Guide List lpomoea sepiaria Koenig ex Roxburgh, F1. Ind., ed. Carey & Plants Palau Is., 1971.--Stone, Micronesica, 6:494, 1971. Wallich, 2:90, 1824.-Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Convolvulus pennatus Desrousseaux in Lamarck, Encycl. Formosa, 28:156, 1936.-Hosokawa, ms., n.d. Mbth., 3:567, 1791 [l792]. Convolvulu~maximus sensu auct. [non L.f., Suppl., 137, 17811. Quamodit vulgaris Choisy, Mbm. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. ~poirloea maxima sensu auct. plur. [non (L.f.) Sweet, Hort. Geneve, 6:434, 1633. Brit., ed. 2, 372, 18301.-van Ooststroom, Blumea, 3:526, Quamoclit pennatn (Desrousseaux) Bojer, Hort. Maurit., 224, 1940. 1837 [as Q. pinnata].-Mernll, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:133, 1914. Herbaceous twiner or creeper, glabrous to hir- Quamoclrt qiramoclit (L.) Britton in Britton & Brown, 111. sute: leaves glabrous extremely variable, broadly F1. N. U.S., 3:22, 1698.-Safford, Contr. US. Nat. Herb., ovate to orbicular or reniform, acuminate, cordate 9:363. 1905. at base, entire, minutely ciliate: peduncle thick, Slender glabrous twiner; leaves pinnately divided bearing an umbellate cyme of 5 to 10 flowers; into linear or filiform lobes: inflorescences axillary sepals glabrous, elliptic-oblong, 4-6 mm long, with peduncles much longer than leaves, I-several- obtuse, mucronulate; corolla tubular funnelform, flowered: bracts nearly obsolete: pedicels 1-3 cm 2-2.5 cm long, white to pale lilac, purple in center; long, tending to be thickened toward apex; sepals stamens unequal, included; style included, stigmas oblong, obtuse to rounded, mucronate; corolla 2, glabrous: capsule glabrous, depressed-globose, bright red (rarely white), about 3 cm long, very 6-7 mm high; seeds densely tomentose with longer narrowly funnel form, limb short but deeply lobed: hairs on margin. (We have not seen this species: description is condensed from van Ooststroom, capsule ovoid at apex, glabrous, tending to split 1940, 526). rather irregularly, valves thin, seeds glabrous, mot- India and Ceylon to Malay Archipelago, Hainan tled brownish or black. and Formosa: in Micronesia found once in 1957 Pantropical, a cultivated ornamental, said to be in Yap. of tropical American origin, freely naturalized in CAROLINEISLANDS.-Yap: "on a waste place," warm countries: in Micronesia known thus far from Hosokawa, 1938: 156 (citing Hosokawa 8926). Tinian, Guam, Palau, Yap, and Ponape; recent collections from cultivated plants; in Yap said to be a Japanese introduction. Zpomoea setifera Poiret UsEs.-Planted by the natives as a garden plant Ipomoea setifera Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. Mbth., 6:17, (Guam: Safford, 1905). 1804.

~'FRNACL'LARNAMES,- A fairly common tropical American species, a asangao (Palau: Otobed, 1967, 1971) small-flowered variety of which has a pantropical cabello del angel (Guam: G.E.S. 172; Safford, 1905) scattered distribution including a number of locali- 24 SLII~I'IISONlhN CONTRIBU rIONS TO BOTANY

ties in the Pacific islands. The large-flowered plant fruit. There is an excellent illustration of this plant has not been found in the Indo-Pacific area. as Ipomoea fimbriosepala Choisy in van Ooststroom The small flowered plant has hitherto been re- (1'358, fig. 5). garded as a separate species, I. fimbriosepaln, but Pantropical, commonest from Brazil to Argentina, since the only difference that we have found is in but scattered in Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius the size of the corolla, we prefer to combine it with (syntype locali tie>), and several Pacific islands. In I. setifon. \Ye are not aware of any available name Slicronesia it has not been found ske the original in varietal rank, so we are proposing the following collection on Guam, but should be looked for. It is com bi na t i on. impossible tor us to determine if it is native or introduced in the Pacific islands. ~IARIANA~ISLANDS.-Guam: s.I., in 1828, Astro- Zpomoea setifera var. fimbriosepala (Choisy) Fosberg, new combination labe [lesson?] 58 in part (P).

lpomoea fimbriosepala Choisy in de Candolle, Prodr., 9:359, 1845.-Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 18:143, 1893.-van Oost- Zpomoea triloba L. stroom, F1. Males., I, 5:561-562, 1958. Aniseia hastata Meissner in Martius, FI. Bras., 7:319, 1869. Iponioea trilOb4 L., Sp. Pl., 161, 1753.-Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 7:145-208, 1912; 9:132, 1914.-Hosokawa, Bull. Twiner, glabrous to somewhat pubescent; leaves Biogeogr. SOC.Jap., 7:199, 1937.-Tuyama, Jour. Jap. Bot., quite variable, generally longer than wide, acumi- 20:226-229, 1944.-Glassman, Bishop Mus. Bull., 209: 100, 1952.-Fosberg, Atoll Res. Bull., 68:6, I959.-Stone, Micro- nate to acutish, extreme apex obtuse or emarginate, nesica, 6:494, 1971.-Hosokawa, ms., n.d. base hastate or sagittate, basal lobes pointed or Conuoluulus trilobatus Gaudichaud, Bot. I'oy. Uranie, 68, rounded, petiole shorter than blade; peduncles 1826 [nom. nud., probably error for C. trilobus (L.) Des- solitary in axils, to 3-4 cm, bearing single pedicel- rousseaux].-Safford, Contr. U.S. Kat. Herb., 9:248. 1905. late flowers, or simple or once compound dichasia, lpomoea mariannensis Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:468, 1833; in de Candolle, Prodr., 9:383, 1845.- these becoming very loose, nodes bearing foliaceous Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:299, 1905. broadly ovate mucronate bracts 5-15 mm long, Convolvulus mariannensis Gaudichaud ex Safford, Contr. perlicels becoming thick and elongating to 2-3 cm U.S. h'at. Herb., 9:247, 1905 [in synonymy; apparently in fruit-entire inflorescence reaching 10 or more ascribed to Gaudichaud by eiror, as the latter did not pub- cm in fruit; sepals unequal, broadly ovate, outer lish this name]. ones largest, to '2 cm long or even 2.5 cm in fruit, Subglabrous twiner with cordate leaves varying with three strong keels or wings longitudinally on from entire to remotely repand-dentate to trilobate, the back, thehe usually dentate toward base; corolla usiially less than 6 cm across; peduncles thick, funnelform, flaring distally, 2.5-4 cm long, purple, bearing irregularly umbelloid fastigiate cymes of darker in center; fruit ovoid to globose, 1-1.5 cm 1 to 7 flowers at summits; calyx 6-8 mm long, long, splitting into 4 hard woody ovate valves, sepals narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, mu- spreading at tips; seeds black, puberulent. cronate, long-villous especially on margins; corolla With a Guam specimen of Ipomoea triloba L. funnelform, dull pinkish or pinkish purple, up to collected by the Astrolabe expedition in 1828 there 2 cm long; stamens and style included; capsule is a specimen with strongly and narrowly sagittate globose, 5-7 mm high, sparsely long pilose, strongly leaves and heavy woody fruits resembling those of beaked by dried style base; seeds smooth, dark Aniseia, within which it would clearly go to A. brown. hastata hleissner. The latter was first described as Pantropical, said to be ot tropical American Ipomoea fimbriosepala Choisy and has been re- origin: in hlicronesia known from hfarianas- tained in Ipomoea by most modern authors. We Saipan, Tinian, Guam; Carolines-Palau, Yap, are informed by Prof. Walter Lewis that the pollen Truk, Ponape; Xlarshalls-Kwajalein. Found of this species (preparation from Mncedo 1675 (US)) mainly in disturbed or more or less open places, is notably spinulose, while that of the several other along roadsides, and in brush or thickets. species of Aniseia, including A. martinicensis (Jac- quin) Choisy, is smooth. Hence we regard this I'ERNACULARNAME$.- species as an Ipomoea in spite of the Aniseia-like nedgut (Saipan: Hosaka 3004) NUhlBER 56 25 fofegou (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826) hybrid between Ipomoea lacunosa and Ipomoea fofgu (Guam: Safford, 1905) tiichocarpa, which has become widespread and netkort (Guam: Nelson 107) which extraordinarly resembles Ipomoea triloba. galli "go bocd roro (Yap: Wong 468) While we admit the possibility of such a hybrid (although neither parent is found anywhere near GEOGRAPHICRECORDS AND SPECIMENSEXAMINED Micronesia) we cannot confidently distinguish these plants from Ipomoea triloba. Hence we prefer to R~ARIANAS IsLANDs.-Saipan: Kanehira Hatu- CL- continue to consider them within our circumscrip- sima 4314 (FU); Tanapag, Fosberg 25261 (US, tion of I. tiiloba until more convincing characters BISH, Fo, NY, L); Charan-Tarhoho, 100 ft [30 m], are pointed out to separate them. Hosaha 3004 (US, BISH, Fo). The sheets in question are: from Saipan-Hosaka Tinian: Lake Hagoya, 1-10 m, Fosberg 24797 3004, Fosberg 25261; from Guam-Fosberg 43414, (US, BISH, Fo). Guam: Nelson I07 (BISH); McGregor 450 (US, 35447,31936, Necker 214,334, McGregor 450; from BISH); Fosberg 43414 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Yap-Hosaka 3268, Blackburn 274. The following Astrolabe [l,esson?]58 in part (P); Merrill 1914:132 two from Palau have not been examined by Austin, (citing McGregor 450); Agaxia, 2 m, Fosbel-g 31936 but may also belong with the above list, judging by (US, BISH, Fo); Inarajan, Mal-che 237 (P, Fo); road flower size: Blackburn 202, Evans 549. between Merizo and Inarajan, 5 m, Fosberg 35447 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); 2-3 km W of Yona, 100- Merremia Dennstedt ex Hallier f. 130 m, Fosberg 35295 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); Asan Pt., Anderson 6 (US, BISH, Fo); Comarianas Merremia Dennstedt ex Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:581, 1893. (Fonte) hills above Asan, 175 m, Fosberg 25427 (US, Twiners; peduncles axillary, bearing flowers in BISH, Fo, NY, L); 2 mi [3.2 km] W of Agat, Moore cymes; corolla broadly funnelform or campanulate; 275 (US); Talofofo village, Necker 214 (US); Pati stamens and style included; anthers (at least in Pt., A'ecker 334 (US); Andersen Air Force Base, Micronesian species) curved or spirally coiled; pol- Moran 4432 (BISH, Fo); hlenengon savannas, len grains smooth; stigmas 2, globose; capsule split- Pedl-us 69 (BISH, GUAM); Stone 4838 (GUARI); ting into 4-many ovate to lanceolate valves. Piti, Swezey in 1936 (BISH); Ritidian Pt., Stone This genus is difficult to distinguish convincingly 4712 (GUAM); OSIR Rd, Apra Harbor, Stone from Ipomoea. Its chief, if not only, characters are 4721 (GUAM). smooth pollen grains and coiled anthers. The CAROLINEISLANDS.-PalaU: Koror: hospital, corolla is generally broader and has a rather dif- Bluckbum 202 (US). Rlalakal 1.: causeway from ferent appearance; however the only good key Koror, Evans 549 (US, Fo, HAW, K, MO). characters are difficult to use without good speci- Yap: s.L, Kanehira CL. Hatusima 4339 (FU), 70 ft mens. It may be that the pollen grain surface has [20 m], Wong 468 (US, BISH, Fo); Fujikawa in been given too much importance in this family, 1939 (TI);across from Catholic mission, Blackbum since there are so few correlated characters. 247 (US); Tomil I., 50 ft [I5 m], Hosaka 3268 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); Dogol, Tuyama in 1939 (TI); Takiol, Takamatsu 1853 (BISH). Merremia aegyptia (L.)Urban Truk: Fefan: on XIt. Tuktyap, Hosokawa, 1937: Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urban, Symb. Antill., 4:505, 1910. 199 (citing Hosokawa 8387). Ipomoea aegyptia L., Sp. Pl., 162, 1753. Ponape: Colonia, Glassman 2773 (US, BISH); 1 m, Hatzisima in 1939 (FU). Conspicuously pilose herbaceous twiner; leaves l\/IARSHALL IsLAws-Kwajalein: Kwajalein I., divided to base (or compound) into 5 narrowly Fosberg 39487 (US, BISH, Fo). obovate, acuminate leaflets; peduncles bearing loose A number of the above cited specimens that are dichasia with up to 9 flowers, small bracts: sepals slightly coarser, slightly larger flowered than the ovate, conspicuously long-hirsute, except at tips; others have been indicated by Dr. Daniel Austin corolla white, about 2 cm long; capsule depressed- (pers. comm.) as probably representing a putative globose, about 12 mm high; seeds glabrous. 26 SMITHSONIAK CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTAISY

Key to Micronesian Species of Merremia

I. Leaies lanceolate, ha5tate at base M. tridentata ssp. hastata I. Leabes cordate, entire to deepl\ lobed or Lut 2 2. Leakes peltate iM. peltata 2. Leaves not peltate 3 3. Leaies digitatel) diiitletl into elliptic acuminate lobes 4 4. Plant iery hair) IM. aegyptia 4. Plant essentiall) glabious M. tuberosa 3. Leaies entire to trilobed or Ijiately lobed 5 5. Leaies generally o\er 5 cin acros3; flolceis 2.6 cm long M. umbellata 5. Leaies geneially less than 5 cm; fioicela at most 2 crn long 6 6. Leaie\ with tuberculaie petioles; corolla at most I cm long; outer qepals with mucio t nrned outi\ art1 .M. hederacea 6. Petioles nith felt or no tubercles; corolla 1.5-2 cm long; outer sepals Ttith mucro erect M. gemella

Pantropical, known in Micronesia only from Merremia hederacea (Burman f.) Hallier f. Guam where it was first found after World TVar 11. Grows generally in disturbed open places. Aferrevziu hedrmcea (Burman f.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 18:118, 1894.-Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:132, 1914.- ;\IAKIANAs IsuxDs.-Guam: Ritidian Pt., 10 m Stone, Micronesica, 6:495, 1971.-Hosokaiva ms.. n.d. back of beach, Anderson 227 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). Evoluulus hederuceus Burman f., F1. Ind. 77, t. 30, f.2, 1768. Merrrmia cotwoluulacea Dennstedt, Schl. Hort. Malab., 39, 1818 [nom. nud.1.-Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:552, 1893.- Merremia gemeZZa (Burman f.) Hallier f. Yolkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:473, 1901. Conuoluiclus Ifederaceus, sensu Merrill, Phil. Joiir. Sci. Bot., Mel-remia grinella (Burman f.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:552, 9:132, 1911 [non I,., Sp. PI. 154, 17531. 1893.--Merrill, Phil, Jour. Sci. Bot., 9: 132, 1914.--Stone, Micronesica, 6:495, 1971.-Hosokaiva, ms., n.d. Slender subglabrous or very sparsely Dilose her- Convolvdus gemellus Burman f., FI. Ind., 46, t. 21, f.1, 1768. baceous twiner, tending to root at nodes; leaves Slender sparsely pilose herbaceous twiner; leaves small, cordate, entire to more or less trilobed, acute cordate, usually somewhat trilobate, acuminate, or slightly acuminate; peduncles somewhat exceed- petiole longer than blade, generally without tuber- ing leaves or shorter, bearing an open to rather cles; peduncles usually longer than leaves to at least crowded dichasium of 3-9 flowers; sepals glabrous, 12 cm, bearing an open dichasium of 3-9 (-11) truncate to emarginate, with a short stout mucro flowers; sepals slightly pubescent, concave, ciliate, that tends to turn outward; corolla yellow, less than broad at apex, emarginate, shortly mucronate, 1 cm long; anthers curved, style subequal with mucro erect; corolla yellow, 1-2 cm long, anthers corolla or slightly exserted; capsule conic to de- curved, capsule depressed-globose, wrinkled when pressed-globose, wrinkled when dry; seeds pu- dry; seeds puberulent. hescen t. Southeast Asia to Australia, in Micronesia known Old World Tropics; in Micronesia found in only from Guam where it is probably introduced; Guam and Yap. Growing in open grassy places, growing in disturbed places. weedy roadsides and other disturbed places.

I'ERNACUL\R Nh\rr.--Anyetcor (Guam: G.E.S. 18, Merrill, YFRXAC~L~RS \nm.-galili ne sepan magacol (Yap: Wong 1914) 170) MARIANASIsLANDs.-Guam: G.E.S. 18 (US, BISH); Merrill, 1914:132; 1 mi [1.6 km] S of Piti Village, GEOGRAPHICRECORDS AND SPECIMENSEXAMINED Moore 39 (US), 225 (US); Agana swamp, 1 m, Fos- berg 312.?1 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Naval Station &fARIANAS IsLANDs.-Guam: Marche 159 (P, FO); fuel depot, Simpson JS Z (US); Talofofo River val- Merrill, 1914:132 (citing Thompson 20); 2-3 km W ley, Stone k Fletcher. 5023 (GUAM). of Yona, 100-130 m, Fosbrrg 35294 (US, BISH); few NUMBER 36 27 miles N of Sumai, Conover 512 (BISH); lower Fonte by von Prowazek is considered wholly doubtful. River, W of Agana, 4 m, Fosberg 31240 (US, BISH, UsEs.-Christian says that the leaves and seeds Fo, NY, L); 4 mi [6.4 km] NE of Agaiia, Rodin 249 are used as an abortifacient (Ponape: Glassman, (US); 2 mi [3.2 km] W of Agana, Moore 162 (US); 1 1952: 100). mi [1.6 km] S of Piti, Moore 231 (US); Pity, Nelson VERNACULARNAMES.- 105 (NY); OSIR Rd., Apra Harbor, Stone 4272 (GUAM). lagoun (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826) CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: WOng 470 (us, FO); lagun (Guam: Safford, 1905) kebeas (Palau: Emmons 112; Salsedo 151,416) Koidzumi in 1915 (TI); Volkens 1901:473 (citing fidau (Truk: Hosokawa, 1937) Volkens 229). fitay (Truk: Wong 288) ceul (Ponape: Bascom 69) iol (Ponape: Hosaka 3521, Christian, 1899) Merremia peltata (L.) Merrill \ol (Ponape: Christian, 1899; Glassman, 1952) yo01 (Ponape: Hosokawa, n.d.) Merremia peltata (L.) Merrill, Int. Rumph. Herb. Amb., 441, pila (Kusaie: Fosberg 26572) 1917.-Glassman, Bishop Mus. Bull., 209:100, 1952.-Stone, para (Kusaie: Hosokawa, n.d.) Micronesica, 6:496, 1971.-Hosokawa, ms.,n.d. Cowolvulw peltatw L., Sp. Pl., 194, 1753.-Gaudichaud, Bot. Voy. Uranie, 68, 1826.-Safford, Contr. US. Nat. Herb., GEOGRAPHICRECORDS AND SPECIMENSEXAMINED 9:248, 1905. Ipornoea peltata (L.) Choisy, Mbm. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. MARIANAShLANDS.--GUam: Gaudichaud, 1826: Genhve, 6:452, 1833.--Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:338, 1905. 68; Safford, 1905:338; Merrill, 1914: 133. Operculiria peltata (L.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:549, 1893.- CAROLINEIsLANDs.-Palau: Babeldaob: Garamis- Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:338, 1905.-von Prowa- can colony, Garamiscan (Almiokan) River, 0-20 m, zek, Deutsch. Marianen, 119, 1913.-Merrill, Phil. Jour. Fosberg 25765 (US, BISH, Fo); Aimeleek Exp. Sta- Sci. Bot., 9:133. 1914.-Hosokawa, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Jap., 7:199, 1937. tion, Kanehira 297 (NY); Nekken, Emmons 112 (US BISH); Airraii, Salsedo 416 (US); Madmosuk I. (W Coarse glabrous twiner; leaves broadly cordate to of Koror): 50 ft [15 m], Stone 1303 (BISH). Koror: orbicular, peltately attached, obtuse in general out- Otobed 45 (US, BISH, Fo); T-dock road, 2 m, Fos- line but very shortly and abruptly acuminate, berg 32610 (US, BISH, Fo); Sansaro, Salsedo 151 strongly nerved; peduncles with a paniculate cyme (US). of as many as 13 or more flowers; sepals glabrous, Yap: Tomil I., 75 ft [23 m], Hosaka 3301 (US, strongly concave or somewhat ventricose, to 2 cm BISH, Fo, NY). long, obtuse, only slightly accrescent but becoming Truk: 600 ft [185 m], Wong 288 (US). Moen: very firm and hard in fruit; corolla white or yellow, edge of forest, 600 ft [185 m], Hosaka 3428 (US); 5-6 cm long, ribs slightly glandular-puberulent Nob Hill, 100-150 m, Evans 1379 (US, HAW). without, broadly campanulate funnelform; capsule Dublon and most other islets: Hosokawa, 1937: 199. about 15 mm long, splitting into many lanceolate Ponape: Bascom 69 (US); Glassman, 1952: 100 valves; seeds dull brown, densely long-pilose. (citing Takamatsu 828 from Toleailuka, Takamatsu The distribution of the species is Indo-Pacific, from Africa to Tahiti; in Micronesia it is known 92 1 from Oa, and Takamatsu 1102 from Mt. Nana- from the Marianas-at least from Guam; Caro- taut); Toleailuka, Mt. Seletereh, 650 ft [200 lines-Palau, Yap, Truk, Ponape and Kusaie. It m], Glassman 2726 (US); Net District, 200 ft [60 m], grows in forests and thickets. Both yellow- and Glassman 2769 (US); Mt. Peipalap, 500 ft [I50 m], white-flowered forms are known, the yellow- Glassman 2775 (US); Ipuak, 50 ft [15 m], open flowered form supposedly from the western part of places in abandoned fields and coconut groves, the range. However, both colors are found in Mi- Hosaka 3521 (US, BISH, Fo). cronesia, even on Ponape. The presence of this Kusaie: Lowest slopes and foot of Mt. Matante species in the Marianas is, to the best of our knowl- (Buache), S side, N of head of Lele harbor, Fosberg edge, not supported by any collection, even from 26572 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Mt. Matante, Hoso- Guam. A record from “Saipan, Tinian and Rota” kawa 9481 (A). 28 SMI THS0SI.W CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

Merremia tridentata (L.) Hallier f. Pantropical, mostly in cultivation, probably of tropical American origin; in Micronesia known Mefieinin fridenlata (L.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:552, 1893. only from Saipan, Tinian, Rota, and Guam, in all Convolviilus tridevtatus L., Sp. PI., 157, 1753. of which it is either in cultivation or around old The nominate subspecies is not found in Micro- house sites, and from Kwajalein, where it was seen nesia. growing in a pot. USES.-It is prized for its fruits surrounded by accrescent woody sepals, vaguely suggesting a rose Merrimia tridentata ssp. hastata van Ooststroom and used in dried flower arrangements. Mrrreinia tridenfata ssp. hastata van Ooststroom, Blumea, 3: \'FR\ACLLAR h'Al1k \.- 317, 1939. hood rose, \\ootleri rose (English) Cowol?jttlus hastalus Desrousseaux in Lamarck, Encycl., 3:542, alarrak (Saipan: Hosokawa, n.d.) 1789 [I7921 [non For kala, F1. Aeg.-Arab.,203, 17751. Mwrrmia Imtafa Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:552, 1893 [noni. MARIANAS1sLAiws.-Saipan: Hosokawa, n.d. (cit- illegit.].-Hosoka~ca, rns., n.d. ing Tuyama 248, hfomose s.n.) Subglabrous herbaceous twiner with angled stenis; Tinian: Carolinas Heights, seen by Stensland in leaves lanceolate with a cordate or hastate base, the 1951, not collected. basal lobes tending to be dentate, subsessile, a Rota: Hosokawa, n.d. (citing Tuyama 339, 500). slightly tomentose area at base of blade attachment; Guam: JfrGiegor 551 (US, NY, NSW, BISH); peduncles with a 3-flowered cyme; sepals glabrous, llerrill, 1914: 132 (citing hlcGregor 551); Nelson ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; corolla about 1.5 cm 527 (NY, BISH); Agafia Bay area, Moore 288 (US). long, yellow or white, funnelform; capsule sub- MARSHAII. Isr.ANDs.-Kwajalein: seen growing in globose, about 5 mm high, dehiscing irregu1a:lp pot, 1956, by Fosberg. from base or apex; seeds dark brown, glabrous. Old M'orld Tropics; in Micronesia collected ,l.lerremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f. thrice in Palau. Found in open places. CAROLINEIsr.ArvDs.-Palau: Hosokawa, n.d. (citing hierrernin umbellata (L.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:552, 1893. Convolvulus tiinbellatri~L., Sp. PI., 155, 1753. Hosokawa 6946,9180); Ngelwa, Hosokawa 9180 (A); Babeldaob, Kamusetu, Almonogui, Hatmima 4867 Pantropical, M. urnbellata var. umbellata mostly (FU). .American, and not found in Micronesia; variety orientalis from East Africa to Thailand, Malaysia, lllerremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle Queensland, and Tahiti and probably from Ponape in Micronesia. Merremia tu6erosa (L.) Rendle in Thiselton-Dyer, F1. Trop. Afr., 4(2):104, 1905.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:496, 1971. fpomoea tuberosa L., Sp. PI., 160, 1553. Merremia umbellata var. orientalis Hallier f. Operculina tu6erosa (L.) Meissner in Martius, FI. Bras., 7: 212, 1869.-MerrilI, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:132, 1914.- hlerremia urnbellata var. orientalis Hallier f., Ver. 's Lands Hosokawa, ms., n.d. Plant., 1895:132, 1896. Coarse glabrous twiner; leaves digitately divided Plants collected in Ponape and determined by T. to about 1-1.5 cm from base, lobes elliptic strongly Tuyama as M. elmeii Merrill, a Bornean species, acuminate; peduncles about as long as leaves, bear- seem, from notes we made in 1953 on the specimens ing dichasia of about 7 flowers; sepals about 3 cm in the Tokyo University Herbarium, more likely long, ovate to broadly elliptic, obtuse to rounded, to belong to ill. iimbellata var. orientalis, though glabrous, accrescent in fruit to as much as 7 cm long the notes are not detailed enough to be certain. The and becoming very hard and woody; corolla bright brief description written in Tokyo from the Ponape yellow, funnelform-campanulate, 5 cm long, sta- specimens follows. "Large plant, leaves cordate, not mens and styles included; anthers spirally twisted; peltate; inflorescence umbellate, longer than leaves; capsule depressed globose, about 2 cm high; seeds flowers about 2.5 cm long; fruit splitting into man) dull black, hairy on angles. valves of unequal width; seeds densely long-pilose." NUMBER 36 29

CAROLINEIsums.-Ponape: Koidzumi in 1915 ally accrescent; corolla broadly funnelform to cam- (TI);Matalanum, foot of Mt. Pagelkap, Okabe in panulate; stamens included, adnate to corolla tube, 1941 (TI). anthers becoming spirally twisted; style 1, included, stigmas 2, globose; ovary 2-celled, 2 ovules in a cell; fruit a capsule, the epicarp circumscissile, separat. Operculina Manso ing from the transparent endocarp, this eventually Operculina Manso, Enum. Subst. Braz., 16, 1836. breaking irregularly. A pantropical genus with two species in Micro- Coarse twining vines with large cordate leaves; nesia, one probably native, the other introduced cymes axillary, pedunculate, bracteate; sepals usu- from America.

Key to Micronesian Species of Operculina

Stems strongly-. angled- or alate; bracts 1.5-2 cm long 0. turpethum Stems terete; bracts well over 2 cm long 0. ventricosa

Operculina turpethum (L.) Manso lihatchog (Woleai: Alkire 74 (sterile)) afaamac (Truk: Wong 253) Opercirlina turpethum (L.) Manso, Enum. Subst. Braz., 16, 1836.-Alkire, Micronesica, 103, 1974. Co~woluulusturpethum L., Sp. Pl., 155, 1753. GEOGRAPHICRECOKDS AND SPECIMENSEXAMINED Zpomoea tttrpethum (L.) R. Brown, Prodr., 485, 1810.- Choisy, Mem. SOC.Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:450, 1833. MARIANASISI ANDs.-"Ile Tinian (Mariannes) C. Merrernia urnbellata sensu Kanehira, Enum. Mia. Pl., 400, Gaud."? (P) 1935 [non (L.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:552, 18931. CAROLINEIsLANDs.-Palau: Ngarakabesang (Ara- kabesan I.): 2-5 m, Fosberg ?2377 (US, BISH, Fo, Coarse subglabrous twiner with strongly angular NY, L). Malakal I.: Otobed in 1974 (US, BISH); or winged stems; leaves orbicular, cordate with a near Fisheries Development Sta., Hardy 42 (US). broad sinus, obtuse to rounded at apex, puberulent; Aulupse'el I.: Ngerebe'ed beach, 2 m, Fosberg peduncles with 1-3 flowers, pedicels becoming very 47471 (US, BISH). Peliliu: S central part of island, thick, 3-4 cm long, bracts early caducous, less than 2 m, Fosbetg ?2005 (US, BISH); flat W of Bloody- 2 cm long; sepals orbicular, 2-3 cm long, sericeous, nose Ridge, 6 m, Fosberg 32004 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); apex rounded, sharply mucronate, somewhat accres- SW side of island 3-4 m, Fosberg 25982 (US, BISH, cent; corolla broadly campanulate, 5-6 cm long; Fo); near airstrip, 2-4 m, Fosberg 47645 (US, Fo). capsule globose, about 1.5 cm long or somewhat Angaur: Koidzumi in 1915 (TI); central part of larger; seeds black, glabrous. island, 4 m, Fosberg 25878 (US, BISH, Fo); E coast Old World Tropics, widespread in the Pacific of island, 2-5 m, Fosberg 31977 (US, BISH, Fo, islanda; in hlicronesia known from the Carolines- NY, L). Palau, Fais, Woleai(?), Ifaluk, Truk, Namoluk, Fais: Yldow, 15 m, Fosberg 46721 (Fo). Ponape, and Kusaie, with an old record purporting Woleai: Falalis I., Alkire 74? (sterile). to be this species from Tinian, no doubt based on Ifaluk: Falalap I., 1-2 m, Fosberg 47242 (US, the Gaudichaud specimen cited below (Choisy, HAW, Fo, NY). 1833:450). It is a vigorous liana growing in edges Truk: Wong 253 (US, BISH, Fo). of forests, thickets and especially disturbed places. Namoluk: Namoluk I., Marshall 92 (US). After World War I1 skeletons of dead trees in areas Ponape: Toletik, Takamatsu 991b (BISH). of heavy fighting on Peliliu, for example, were so Kusaie: Mot, Takamatsu 445 (BISH). covered by this vine as to appear to be living trees.

I'ERNACULAR NAMES.- Operculina ventricosa (Bertero) Peter besbus (Palau: Fosberg 47471) chonguched arkung (Palau: Hardy 42) Operctilina uentricosa (Bertero) Peter in Engler & Prantl, ligatchog (Woleai: Alkire, 1974) Nat. PR., iv(3a):32, 1891.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:496, 1971.- 30 SMI'I'HSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Sniithsonian Contr. Bot. 35 (BISH); just S of Garapan, Fosberg 25215 (US, 22~37-38,197.3. BISH, Fo); Kannat Laulau, above 5fagicienne Bay, cOf2VO~?u~USventricoAus Bertero in Colla, Hort. Ripul., 37, 75 m, Fosbel-g 31273 (US, BISH, Fo, L). 1824 [non Silva Manso, Enum. Subst. Braz., 20, 18361. NY, Tinian: N end of island, 100 ft [30 m], Hosaka Very coarse, extensive, appressetl pubescent 2857 (US, BISH, Fo); S end of S plateau, Kondo 9 twiner, stems terete; leaves very large, to 30 cm or (BISH); llarpo Valley, E of Tinian (former town), more across, orbicular cordate, very shortly acumi- 60 m, Fosbe9.g 24812 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). nate, petioles 15-20 cm long; peduncles stout, to Rota: Slopes above As Afalote, S side of island, 30 cm long, with compact cymes of up to 7 flowers; 250 m, Fosbe7.g 31876 (US): Sasan Haya Bay, 10-30 bracts conspicuous, orbicular to oval, membranoub, m, Sachet 1766 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); track from concave, pubescent, somewhat persistent, 2.5-4 cm Poniya Pt, 350-500 m, Evans 2191 (US, HL4TV, Fo, long; sepals orbicular, obtuse, mucronulate, accreh- K). cent; corolla white, campanulate or broadly funnel- Guam: 1 mi [l.6 km], S of Ritidian Point, Moran form, about 5 cm long; stamens strongly included, 1523 (UC, BISH, Fo); N of Northwest Field, 500 anthers tightly coiled; capsule globose, about 2.5 ft [150 m], Steere 168 (US); Northwest Field, 185 m, cm long; seeds black, glabrous. Fosbeig 35384 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); mile '4 native of tropical America but has been present [0.8 km] E of Barrigada and Pagat Point Area, 400- in AIicronesia, in the Llarianas, for a long time-it 600 ft [120-180 m], Moore 56 (US); hfelojloj, 50 m, was collected by hlarche in 1887 or 1888 on Pagan; Evans 1474 (US, HAW, Fo, MO, NY); Aleri7o and known from .I\suncion, Agrigan, Pagan, Alamagan, Agfayan Hay, Stone 4911 (GUAM). Anatahan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota, and Guam. Com- mon in disturlied places, climbing in thickets and Stictocardia Hallier f. covering the ground in great mats; it has only recently become common in Guam, where it has Stictocardia Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 18: 159, 1894.--Gunn, Brit. been collected repeatedly near Northwest Field, [onia, 24:169-170, 1972. beginning in World War 11. It may have been Rivea, sensu Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:133, 1914 [non introduced there from Saipan or Tinian on air- Choisy, Mem. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genhve, 6:407, 18331. craft at that time. In recent years it has been Large twiners; leaves glandular beneath; pedun- collected here and there farther south on the island. cles axillary, bearing cymes; sepals elliptic to M. V. C. Falanruw informs us that it had become orbicular, greatly accrescent and thickened in fruit; quite common by 1967 and 1968. corolla funnelform-campanulate; stamens and style included, pollen spinulose; stigmas 2, globose; capsule completely enclosed by accrescent calyx, GEOCKAPHICKECOKDS AND SPECIMENSEXAMINED globose, 4-celled, the septa with transverse wings, ~IAKIANASlsI.h~Ds.-Asullcion: lower Sw slope, wall thin, irregularly dehiscent leaving the septa 150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 2251 (US, BISH). and their wings enclosing seeds; seeds pubescent. Agrigan: Trail around S side of island, Fosberg The genus differs from Ipomoea only in the 31617 (US); mid-west coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanrziw glandular leaves, the thickened closed fruiting calyx, 2329 (US). and the structure of the capsule. A few species of Pagan: Marche 148 (P, Fo); Bonham 2 (US, Fo); Ipomoea also have glandular leaves, but none of Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fosberg 31383 (US, these species are Jlicronesian. BJSH); airstrip, Moore 306 (US). Pantropical, with one species in Micronesia. Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, Fosberg 31722 (US, BISH); SSW coast, below 500 ft [150 m], Falanruw 1939, (US). Stictocardia campanulata (L.)Merrill Sarigan: Near village 10-100 m, Evans 2337? (US, Stictocardia campanulata (L.) Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., BISH, Fo, NY). 9:133, 1914.-Kanehira, Enum. Mia. PI., 401, 1935.-Whit- Anatahan: Falani uw 1988? (US). ing, ms., 1965.--Gunn, Brittonia, 24:170-172, 1972.-Fos- Saipan: Conmge 54 (US); Lange 10 (BISH); berg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot., 22: Army Hill, Com.nge 30 (US); Enarpi Point, Lange 38, 1975.-Hosokawa, ms., n.d. 31 NllMBER 36

Zpornoea carnpanulata L., Sp. Pl., 160, 1753. Anatahan: W coast, below 200 m, Fdanruw Convolvulus tiliaefolius Desrousseaux in Lamarck, Encycl. 1706 (US). Mcth., 3:544, 1789 [1792].-Gaudichaud, Bot. Voy. Uranie, Saipan: Knnehirn 946 (NY, FU); 1080 (NY, FU), 70, 1826. 3823 (FU). Zpomoea tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Guam: Xlerrill, 1914: 133-134; Marche 158 (P, Veg., 4:229, 1819. Fo); G.E.S. 93 (US, BISH, NSW); Nelson 405 Rivea tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:407, 1833. (BISH), 259 (BISH), 368 (BISH, NY); Whiting Argyreia tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Wight, Ic., 4:12, t. 1358, Cl6a (US); Gognga Beach, Tumon Bay, 2 m, Fos- 1850.-Safford, Contr. US. Nat. Herb., 9:188, 1905. berg 43496 (US, BISH, Fo); Inarajan, Marche 238 Stictocardia tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., (P); E coast, 2 mi [3.2 km] E of Yigo, Moore 272 183139, 1894.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:497, 1971. (US); 1 km S of Barrigada, Fosberg 35287 (US, Riven carnpanulata (L.) House, Muhlenbergia, 5:72, 1909. BISH, Fo, NY, L); Yigo, Nelson 48 (US); near Pago Extensive but rather slender, short-pubescent Bay, Stone 4313 (US, GUAM); La Cienaga, Stone twiner; leaves broadly ovate cordate with open 1926 (GUAM); Mochom, Stone 4955 (GUAM). CAROLINEIs~~~~s.-Palau: Koror: Kanehira sinus, apex slightly blunt-acuminate; peduncles 1-, 1935:401, citing Kanehira 2070, 2777. rarely 3-flowered, mostly shorter than leaves; sepals about 15 mm long, the inner exceeding outer, almost truncate, remotely ciliate, enormously accres- Synonyms and Excluded or Misapplied Names cent antl becoming thick and spongy and completely enclosing the fruit; corolla delicate, lavender, .4niseia hastata Meissner. See Ipomoea setifera var. firnbrio- sepala (Choisy) Fosberg narrowly campanulate but strongly flaring, 8-10 cm Argyreia tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Wight. See Stictocardia long, stamens antl style included; fruiting sepals carnpanulata (L.) Merrill 4 cm long, closely investing capsule, capsule about Batatas Choisy. See Ipornoea L. 2.5-3 cm long, globose: seeds brown, shortly and Batatas? crassicadis Bentham. See Ipornoea fistulosa Martius sparsely sericeous. ex Choisy Pantropical, widespread in the Pacific Islands; Calonyction Choisy. See Ipomoea L. Calonyction aculeata (L.) House. See Ipomoea alba L. in XIicronesia known from the Marianas- Calonyction album (L.) House. See Ipomoea alba L. Alamagan, Sarigan, Anatahan, Saipan, and Guam; Calonyction album sensu Merrill, Hosokawa. See Ipornoea and tlie Carolines-Palau. Growing in thickets rnacrantha Roemer & Schultes and eclges of forest, its large lilac flowers are very Calonyction bona-nox (L.) Bojer. See Ipornoea alba L. conspicuous. Calonyction bona-nox sensu Schumann & Lauterbach. See Ipomoea rnacrantha Roemer & Schultes UsEs.-The children string the flowers on strings Calonyction comosperrnurn Bojer. See Ipomoea macrantha and sticks and are very fond of them as ornaments; Roemer & Schultes the name “abubo” applies only to the flowers Calonyction speciosum sensu Engler. See Ipornoea rnacrantha (Guam: Safford, 1905). Roemer & Schultes Calonyction tuba (Schlechtendal) Colla. See Ipornoea mac- VERNACULARNAMES- rantha Roemer & Schultes abubo (Guam: Safford, 1905; Merrill, 1914) Convolvulus aculeatus L. See Ipomoea alba L, abubu (Guam: Whiting C16a) Convolvulus alsinoides L. See Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. abubu a las doce (Guam: Whiting, ms., 1965) Convolvulus batatas L. See Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck abuto apaca (Guam: Nelson 368) Convolvulus brasiliensis L. See Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp. brasi. alalag (Guam: Safford, 1905; Merrill, 1914) liensis (L.) van Ooststroom alalag abubu (Guam: Nelson 259) Convolvulus coeruleus sensu Safford. See Ipornoea indica alalak (Guam: Nelson 48) (Burman) Merrill Convolvulus congestus (R. Brown) Sprengel. See Ipornoea indica (Burman) Merrill GEOGRAPHICRECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED Convolr~rrlrtsdenticulatus Desrousseaux. See Ipornoca littorah MARIANASIsLANDs.-Alamagan: around Partido Blume Conriolvulus gemellus Burman f. See Merremia gemella village, Fosberg 31696 (US). (Burman f.) Hallier f. Sarigan (Saligan): Kanehira 2170 (NY); ridge Convolvulus hastatus Desrousseaux. See Merrernia tridentata near anchorage, 300 ft [90 m], Fnlanmw 1761 (US). ssp. hastata van Ooststroom 32 SMI I'HSONIAN CONTRIBUlIONS TO BOTANY

Convolurrlus hederacezrs sensu Merrill. See hferrernia hede- Ipomoea congesta R. Brown. See Ipomoea indica (Burman) racea (Burman f.) Hallier f. Merrill Conuoluulus hederaceiis sensu Safford. See Ipomoea indica Ipoinorn crassicaulis (Bentham) Robinson. See Ipomoea (Burnian) Merrill fistitloso Martius ex Choisy Conuoluulus indirus Burman. See Ipomora indica (Burman) lpomoea dentictclata (Desrousseaux) Choisy. See Ipomoea Merrill littoralis Blume Conuolvulus mariannensi.r Gaudichaud ex Safford. See Ipo- Zpomoea digifata seiisu Hosokawa, Glassman. See Ipomoea moea triloba L. mauritinna Jacquin Conuolvulus maritimus Desrousseaux. See Ipomoea pes- lpomoea fimbriosepala Choisy. See Ipomoea setifera var. caprae ssp. brasiliensis (L.) van Ooststroom fimbriosepala (Choisy) Fosberg Conuoluulus marlinicensis Jacquin. See Aniseia martinicensis Ipomoea glaberrima Bojer ex Bouton. See Ipomoea macran- (Jacquin) Choisy tha Roemer & Schultes Convoluulus masirnus sensu auct. See lpomoea sepiaria Ipoinoea gracilis sensu auct. plur. See Ipomoea littoralis Koenig ex Roxburgh Blume Conuolvirlus nil sensit Safford. See Ipomoea indica (Burman) lponiora gracilis sensu Glassman. See Ipomoea macrantha Merrill Roemer & Schultes Conuolvulus obscrrrri.~ I.. See Iponioea obscrrra (L.) Ker- Ipomoea grandifha sensu auct. See Ipomoea macrantha Garvler Roemer & Schultes Convoluulris paniculatzrs L. See Ipomuea mauritiana Jacquin Ipomoea hederarea sensu auct. See Ipomoea indica (Burman) Convolriuiirs peltatns L. See Merreniia peltata (L.) Merrill Merrill Conuolurrlits peiinatzrs Desrousseaux. See lpomoea quamoclit Iponzoea insularis (Choisy) Steudel. See Ipomoea indica (Bur- L. man) Merrill Con~~oIzmlt~spes-capme L. See Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Ipornoea longipora R. Brown. See Ipomoea macrantha Roe- Brown mer & Schultes Convolvrdus tiliaefo/itts Desrousseaux. See Stictocardia cam- Ipomoea ninriannensis Choisy. See Ipomoea triloba L. panulafa (L.) Merrill Ipomoea maritima (Desrousseaux) R. Brown. See Ipomoea Conuolvuius tridentatus L. See Merremia tridentata (L.) pes-mprar ssp. brasiliensis (L.) van Ooststroom Hallier f. Ipomoen maxima sensu auct. plur. See Ipomoea sepiaria Conuolurtlics trilobatus Gaudichaud. See Ipomoea triloba L. Koenig ex Roxburgh Convoluulus tuba Schlechtendal. See lpomoea macrantha Ipor~roenpaniculata (L.) R. Brown. See Ipomoea niaiiritiana Roemer & Schultes Jacquin Conuolriulzts turpethzrin L. See Oprrculina turpethum (L.) Ipovzoea pellato (L.) Choisy. See Mrrremia peltata (L.) Mer- Manso rill Conriolvrrlits zrmbellatzrc L. See Merremia irmbrllata (L.) Ipomoea pes-caprae sensu auct. plur. [most Pacific authors]. Hallier f. See Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp. brasiliensis (L.) Tzan Ooststroom Conuoluulus ventricosus Bertero. See Operculiiia uentricosa Ipomoea purga sensu Okabe. See lpomoea pes-caprae ssp. (Bertero) Peter brasiliensis (L.) van Ooststroom Ericybe sp. The Kusaie record in Kanehira's Enumeration, Ipomoen reptans sensu auct. See Ipomoea ciqirntica Forskil 19353398. is based on a specimen of Embelia sp. Ipomoea tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Roemer & Schultes. See Evolvulus hederaceus Burman f. See Merremia hederacra Stictora1,dia campan irlata (L.) Merrill (Burman f.) Hallier f. Ipomoea triloba? \ al-. [Gaitdichaud 169 (G)]. See lpomoea Iponzoea aegyptia L. See Alerremia aegyptia (L.) Urbaii lit/orali,i Blume Ipomovn alba sensu Ta\lor. See Ipomoen niacrantha Roemer Ipomora tuba (Schlechtendal) G. Don. See Ipomoen macran- & Schultes tha Roemer 8: Schultes Ipoinoea angiclata Lamarck. See Ipornoea hedcrifolia L. Ipomoea tirberosa L. See Merremia tiiberosa (L.) Rendle Ipomoecc biloba sensu Safford, Okabe. See Ipomoea pes- Ijbomoea turpethzrm (L.) R. Brown. See Operculina turpe- caprar ssp. brasiliensis (L.) van Ooststroom thrrm (L.) Manso Ipotiroea Dona-7io.x L. See Ipomora alba L. l.ettsomia Roxburgh. See At-gyreia Loureiro Ipomoea bona-nox sensu Cuillaumin. See Ipomoea moeran/ha i\.lerremin eonuolvulacea Dennstetlt. See Merremia hederacea Roemer & Schultes (Buinian f.) Hallier f. lpomoea bmsi1iensi.c (L.) S\veet. See Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp. Merremia rlmeri Merrill. See Merrrmia uni bellata (L.) Hal- brasiliemis (L.) 1 an Ooststroom lier f. lpomoea raiiipanzclnta L. See Stirtocardia campanulata (L.) Merremia hastata Hallier f. See Merremia tridentata ssp. Merrill hastata van Ooststroom Iponioea rhoisiana Wight ex Safford (1. rhoisFana Merrill, Merremia zrmbellata sensu Kanehira. See Operculina turpe- sphalm.). See Ipomoea littoralis Blume thrcm (L.) Manso Ipomoea eoccinea sensu auct. plur. See lpomoea hederifolia Operculina peltata (L.) Hallier f. See Merremia peltata (L.) L. Merrill NUMBER 36

Operculina tubeiosa (L.) Meissner. See Merremia tuberosa Quamoclit coccinea sensu auct. plur. See Ipornoea hederifolia (L.) Rendle L. Pharbitis Choisy. See Ipomoea L. Quamoclit pennata (Desrousseaux) Bojer (Q. pinnata Bojer, Pharbitis congesta (R. Brown) Hara. See Zpomoea indicu sphalm.) See Zpomoea quamoclit L. (Burman) Merrill Quamoclit quamoclit (L.) Britton. See Zpomoea quamoclit L. Pharbitis hederacea sensu Safford. See Ipomoea indica (Bur- Rivea sensu Merrill. See Stictocardia Hallier f. man) Merrill Rivea campanulata (L.) House. See Stictocardia campanulata Pharbitis insiclaris Choisy. See Zpomoea indica (Burman) (L.) Merrill Merrill Rivea tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Choisy. See Stictocardia cam- Pharbitis nil sensu Safford. See Zpomoea indica (Burman) panulata (L.) Merrill Merrill Stictocardia tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Hallier f. See Sticto- Quamoclit Moench. See Ipomoea L. cardia campanulata (L.) Merrill Literature Cited

Burges, A. Otobed, D. 0. ca.1935. Nauru Island. Manuscript in files of F. R. Fos- 1967. Partial List of Some Plants and Trees of the Palau berg, Department of Botany, National Museum of Islands. Manuscript in files of F. R. Fosberg. De- Natural History. Smithsonian Institution, Wash- partment of Botany, National Museum of Natural ington, D.C. History, Smithsonian Institution. Christian, F. W. 1971. Guide List of Plants of the Palau Islands. 25 pages. 1899. The Caroline Islands. 412 pages. London. Koror, Palau. [Duplicated; revised edition of Oto- Fosberg, F. R., and M.-H. Sachet bed, ms., 1967.1 1975. Flora of Micronesia, 1: Gymnospermae. Smithson- Pelzer, K. J. ian Contributions to Botany, 2O:l-15. 1946. [Field notes on Trukese ethno-botany, dated June 1975. Flora of Micronesia, 2: Casuarinaceae, Piperaceae, 13, 1946.1 Manuscript in files of F. R. Fosberg, and Myricaceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Bot- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nat- any, 24:l-28. ural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, Gaudichaud, C. D.C. 1826. Botanique. In Voyage autour du monde, entrepris Prowazek, S. von par ordre du roi . , . execute sur les corvettes de 1913. Die Deutschen Marianen, Ihre Natur und Ge- S.M. 1’Uranie et la Physicienne pendant les annCes schichte. 125 pages. Leipzig. 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, . . . par M. Louis de Frey- Sachet, M.-H., and F. R. Fosberg cinet. 522 pages. Paris. [Actual dates of publication 1955. Island Bibliographies. v + 577 pages. Washington, 1826-1850.1 D.C. Holnigren, P. K., and W. Keuken 1971. Island Bibliogra$hies, Supplement. ix. + 427 pages. 1974. Index Herbariorum, Part I: The Herbaria of the Washington, D.C. World. 6th edition. Regnum Vegetabile, 92:i-vii, 1- Stafleu, F. A. 397. 1967. Taxonomic Literature. Regnum Vegetahile, 525-xx, Hosokawa, T. 1-556. n.d. [Enumeration of the flora of Micronesia.] Manu- Steenis-Kruseman, M. J. van, and W. T. Stearn script in Japanese and English, files of F. R. Fos- 1954. Dates of Publication. Flora Malesiana I, 4(5): berg, Department of Botany, National Museum of CLXIII-CCXIX. Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washing- Swedberg, L. ton, D.C. 1974. [Excerpt of natural history section of “Draft En- O’Donell, C. A. vironmental Impact Statement on Use of Farallon 1959. Las Especies Americanas de “Ipomoea” L. sect. de Medinilla as a Bombing Range.”] Manuscript (2 “Quamoclit” (Moench) Griseb. Lilloa, 29: 19-86. pages) in files of F. R. Fosberg, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Ooststroom, S. F. van Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 1938. The Convolvulaceae of Malaysia, I. Blumea, 3(l): ban Ooststroom. See Ooststroom, S. F. van. 62-94. van Steenis-Kruseman. See Steenis-Kruseman. M. J. van. 1939. The Convolvulaceae of Malaysia, 11. Blumea, 3(2): von Prowazek. See Prowazek, S. von. 267-371. Whiting, M. G. 1940. The Convolvulaceae of Malaysia, 111. Bliimea, 3(3): 19G5, Selected Plants from the Marianas. Manuscript in 481-582. files of F. R. Fosberg, Department of Botany, Na- 1943. The Convolvulaceae of Malaysia, IV. Blumea, 5(2): tional Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian 339411. Institution, Washington, D.C. 1945. The Convolvulaceae of Malaysia, V. Blicmea, 5(3): Yen, D. E. 689-691. 1974. The Sweet Potato and Oceania: An Essay in Ethno- Ooststroom, S. F. van, and R. D. Hoogland botany. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 236:l- 1953. Convolvulaceae. Flora Malesiana I, 4(4):388-512. 390.