Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009
CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION OF MIRA-BHAYANDER
1.1 PURPOSE
The overall purpose of this study is to identify and assess future environmental trends in the region and to evaluate alternative strategies for environmental protection. The Environmental Status Report is a comprehensive study of the selected region and is intended to summarize and synthesize existing information in order to identify key driving forces and both current and future environmental issues. More specifically, the goal of this report is to describe the causes of growth and change, to assess the driving forces which create both benefits and environmental concerns for the region, and to characterize the current status of environmental conditions related to air, water, and land resources. The report will serve as a basic reference document and the results will help to guide future study directions.
Initially Water, Air, Soil samples were collected form respective sites; also the noise levels were recorded at various junctions. These samples were analysed in a laboratory and reports were compiled. Following information about Mira-Bhayander was gathered, such as: a) Topography, b) Climate, c) Population
1.2 INTRODUCTION
Mira-Bhayander is a city, in the district of Thane with an area 79 sq. km., in the western state of Maharashtra, in India, located around 20 kms to the north of Mumbai on the Mumbai- Ahmedabad highway. It extends between 18º42’ N to 20º20’ N latitude and 0º25’ E to 73º44’ E.
Mira-Bhayander area is situated at the northern threshold of Brihan Mumbai Metropolis and has been identified as one of the growth centers. Mira-Bhayander has gradually developed into an important residential locality due to its proximity to Mumbai and lower cost of living. Earlier Bhayander was administrated by the Gram Panchayat system of local government. However subsequently in accordance with recommendations of MMRDA Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation (MBMC) has been constituted for this area on 12 th June 1985. Khari, Ghoddeo, Ghodbunder, Pen-pada, Mira, Kashi, Navghar, Bhayander and Mahajan wadi are the nine villages under its jurisdiction. Adjoining villages of the limits of Municipal Corporation are also showing trend of urbanization. Therefore govt. under its notification extended the limits of MBMC by including following 10 villages: Chene, Varsave, Rai murdhe, Murdhe, Morva, Uttan, Dongri, Tarodi Pali Chowk.
Bhayander is divided into two parts by the Mumbai suburban rail line - East and West. The West was traditionally residential, and the East was predominantly an industrial area. Recent population growth and a flurry of construction has blurred the boundaries between Bhayander and neighboring Mira Road on the East side of the rail tracks, turning it into a populous suburb. Government owned Salt Pans and marshland in West Mira Road have restricted the southward
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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009
spread of Bhayander. Mira road is situated on the island of Salcette. A marshy creek divides Mira Road from Mumbai. Earlier, Mira Road was divided into two main parts, Shanti Nagar and Naya Nagar. In recent times, several new localities like Jangid, Silver Park, Beverly Park, and Evershine Enclave have come up. Shanti Nagar is a cosmopolitan locality.
1.3 TOPOGRAPHY
It is located in the northern part of the Konkan region to the west of sahyadri hill ranges. The whole town is on a plain level land. The vasai creek surrounds the city from east to north, followed by the Arabian Sea, till the west. The Mumbai city is situated on the southwest. To the south is the Sanjay Gandhi national park and on the southeast thane city. Geographically the city falls in the Deccan lava terrain. Geologically the city falls in lava terrain. Uttan and Ghodbunder are hilly regions. The plain terrain forms a wide area of water logged and marshy land.
Figure no. 1.1 Location Map
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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009
1.4 METEROLOGY
1.4.1 Climate
The climate in the month of October is wet and hot followed by cool and pleasant weather from December to February and dry and hot weather from March to June. The climate of Mira- Bhayander is typically coastal, sultry and not really hot. There are virtually two distinct seasons, namely Monsoon and dry season. The later covers both summer and winter.
Table no. 1.1 Climatic Condition
Sr. Season Max. temp Min. no. ºC temp ºC 1. Summer 34.57 32.37 2. Winter 20.5 17.6
1.4.2 Rainfall
The rainy season starts at the beginning of June and ends in the last week of September. Annual mean rainfall of 2400 mm. the maximum rainfall is in the month of July averaging to 800 mm.
1.4.3 Humidity
The humidity ranges from 49% to 87% with the highest humidity in the month of July.
1.5 DEMOGRAPHY
1.5.1 Distribution of Population
In year 2008-2009 the population of Mira-Bhayander has been recorded app. 9,00,000. The total male population is 55% of the total population i.e. 4,95,000 and the total female population is 4,05,000 (45%) of total population. In Mira-Bhayander 1,17,000 population is under 6 years of age i.e. 13% of total population.
Table no. 1.2 : Distribution of Population
Sr. No. Particulars Study Area 1 Total Population 9,00,000 2 Male Population 4, 95 ,000 3 Female Population 4,05 ,000 4 Population (0 -6) 1,1 7,000
1.5.2 Literacy Level
Mira-Bhayander has an average literacy rate of 81% which is higher than the national average of 59.5%. In this region, male literacy is found to be 81% of total male population i.e. 4,00,950 and female literacy is 74% i.e. 6,66,000 of total female population.
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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009
Table no. 1.3 : Literacy Level
Sr. No. Particulars Oservation 1 Total literates 7,29,000 2 Male literates 4,00,950 3 Female literates 6,66,000 4 Average literacy rate (%) 81 % 5 Male literacy rate (%) 81% 6 Female literac y rate (%) 74%
1.6 LAND USE PATTERN
The Mira- Bhayander Municipal Corporation area is 79.40sq.km. it was incurred in the previous BMRDA development plan. The independent development of the plan was sanctioned by the State Government as per the government rule dated 14 th May 1990. The planning was as follows;
Table no. 1.4: Land use details of study area
SR. NO. LAND USE AREA (HECTARES) I. Developed area 2034.36 1. Residential Area 1157.75 2. Industrial Area 138.29 3. Commercial area 53.91 4. Public Uti lity 251.49 5. Transportation 254.17 6. Open spaces (Playgrounds & gardens) 175.05 7. Graveyard 3.70 II. Undeveloped area 4554.77 1. Barren land & Salt pans 139.33 2. Forest and Mountain Area 1064.96 3. Water Logged Area 3350.48
Residential Area AREA (HECTARES) Industrial Area Commercial area Public utilty
Transportation
Open spac es (Playgrounds & gardens) Gravey ard Barren land &