Ladakh Studies 31 · ESSAYS {}üº²¤.JÀÛP.uÛºÛ.¾.hÔGÅ.ÇÀôz.¢ôP.±ôGÅ.qü INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR LADAKH STUDIES LADAKH STUDIES 31 July 2014 ISSN 1356-3491 i ESSAYS · Ladakh Studies 31 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR LADAKH STUDIES Patron: Tashi Rabgias President: John Bray, 2001, 5-2-15 Oe, Kumamoto-shi, 862-0971, Japan
[email protected] EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Secretary: Sonam Wangchok Kharzong, Himalayan Cultural Heritage Foundation, P.O. Box 105, Leh-Ladakh 194 101, India. Tel: +91-94 192 18 013,
[email protected] Editor: Sunetro Ghosal Stawa Neerh P.O. Box 75 JBM Road, Amboli Leh-Ladakh 194 101 Andheri West India Mumbai 400 058 India
[email protected] [email protected] Treasurer and Membership Secretary: Andrea Butcher, 176 Pinhoe Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 7HH, UK,
[email protected], UK Mobile/Cell: +44-78 159 06 853 Webmaster: Seb Mankelow,
[email protected], Ladakh Liaison Officer & Treasurer (Ladakh): Mohammed Raza Abbasi, 112 Abbassi Enclave, Changchik, Kargil-Ladakh, 194 103, India. Email:
[email protected] Mobile/Cell: +91-94 191 76 599 ADVISORY COMMITTEE: Monisha Ahmed Gulzar Hussein Munshi Mona Bhan Tashi Ldawa Sophie Day Tashi Morup Mohammed Deen Darokhan Thupstan Norboo Kaneez Fathima Bettina Zeisler Blaise Humbert-Droz Martijn van Beek Since 1974, Ladakh (made up of Leh and Kargil districts) has been readily accessible for academic study. It has become the focus of scholarship in many disciplines including the fields of anthropology, sociology, art history, Buddhist studies, history, geography, environmental studies, ecology, medicine, agricultural studies, development studies, and so forth. After the first international colloquium was organised at Konstanz in 1981, there have been biennial colloquia in many European countries and in Ladakh.