regarding Tahiti. Reports begin to appear during the 1930s For the Isle of Pitiahe, the origin is where: ϕo = 16° 28'

that consist of geodetic work performed in concert with hydro- 28.942" S, λo = 152° 14' 55.059" W, ho = 19.0 m, observed at graphic surveys, and primarily represent astrolabe observa- Terme Sud by M. J.P. Thouin, Ingénieur en Chef de ľArme- tions of island datum origins. (Wild T-3 theodolites were also ment (Hydrographie) in February, 1983. This observation used for triangulation, but apparently without the astrolabe is referenced to the WGS 72 Datum and ellipsoid where a = attachment for astronomical use.) These positions sometimes 6,378,135 m, and 1/f = 298.26 (Mission Océanographique du have baselines listed and sometimes also list orientation Pacifique 1 Oct 1982 – 3 Avril 1984, Annales Hydrographique). azimuths, but most are just summarized as single positions In 1954, a summary of practically all astro observations corrected for deviation of the vertical (Après Correction des performed in was published in Annales Déviations de la Verticale). Without exception, for French Hydrographique. The listing included actual observational Polynesian classical positioning the ellipsoid of reference is results along with deviations of the vertical and the following the International 1924 where: a = 6,378,388 m, and 1/f = 297. subsequent adopted positions: Sur La Déviation de la Verticale À Tahiti, M.A.Gou- genheim, 1939, Annales Hydrographiques, Annales 1940-1945, 1. ARCHIPEL DES TUAMOTU ET ÎLES GAMBIER Paris 1946: Punaauia (South End of Base) No. 1: 19° 36' 30.5" S 140° 25' 06.6" W

Φo = 17° 38' 08.0" S, Λo = 151° 56' 40.5" E, and αo = 178° 04' 18° 33' 19.2" S 139° 13' 02.2" W 38.4" Punaauia to Tataa. For this single published position on Anuanu Raro 20° 24' 42.4" S 143° 32' 12.8" W Tahiti only, this was from the analysis of triangulation from Ankuanu Ruga 20° 36' 15.1" S 143° 17' 30.5" W 1844, and those computations were based on the Dépôt de la Fagataufa 22° 16' 38.8" S 138° 45' 41.7" W Guerre ellipsoid where 1/f = 305. For New Caledonia (Nouvelle Calédonie) triangulation per- Gambier (Rikitea) 22° 07' 02.3" S 134° 58' 09.8" W formed in 1935, Nouméa South Base origin point for a local Hercheretue (Otetou) 19° 51' 50.7" S 144° 59' 57.5" W

hydrographic survey: Φo = 22° 16' 35.0" S, λo = 166° 26' 03.5" (Temao) 15° 49' 31.4" S 148° 16' 40.9" W

E. At Pointe Paagoumène, astrolabe observations were: Φo = Manuhagi 19° 10' 53.7" S 141° 14' 56.1" W

20° 29' 18" S, Λo = 164° 10' 57" E, and at Sommet Tano: Φo = Maria 22° 01' 10.5" S 136° 12' 10.4" W 20° 29' 01.1" S, Λo = 164° 24' 27.5" E, Ho = 461.83 m. (by M.A. Marutea 21° 28' 48.9" S 135° 38' 17.4" W Canuel, Enseigne de Vaisseau, Annales Hydrographiques, An- Maturei Vavao 21° 27' 17.5" S 136° 24' 36.8" W nées 1938-1939, Paris 1946). Morane 20° 36' 15.1" S 143° 17' 30.5" W For the Marquises, Haavei Bay (Ua-Huka or Île de Huka) Mururoa 21° 49' 59.0" S 138° 47' 04.0" W Astro: Φo = 08° 56' 00.8" S, Λo = 139° 35' 57.7" W, and αo = 270° 59' 22" (Solar), with a baseline = 255.08 m. For Île Hiva (Tavava) 19° 16' 37.9" S 138° 46' 24.2" W Nukutipipi 20° 41' 23.9" S 143° 03' 09.6" W Oa, Φo = 09° 48' 27.5" S, Λo = 139° 02' 02.7" W with a baseline = 336.31 m (Mission Hydrographique en Polynésie Française, 19° 07' 19.3" S 140° 43' 09.4" W 1956-1960, Annales Hydrographique, 1960). Pinaki 19° 23' 24.2" S 138° 40' 56.7" W

For the Isle of origin, Φo = 22° 16' 38.8" S, Λo = Pukaroa (Marautagaroa) 18° 16' 14.4" S 137° 04' 02.3" W 138° 45' 41.7" W with a baseline = 1,381.85 m, ± 5 cm. Elev- (Tapuarava) 18° 27' 54.5" S 136° 27' 46.3" W en 1st order points (9 monumented) were established on the Takakoto (Tumukuro) 17° 20' 39.8" S 138° 27' 09.6" W island, and 21 2nd order points were established, all with a 21° 37' 32.7" S 140° 37' 35.0" W Wild T-3 theodolite. On the Isle of , the astro point was: Temoe 23° 18' 59.5" S 134° 28' 56.5" W Φo = 18° 06' 29.5" S, Λo = 140° 54' 25.5" W, surveyed in 1958 (Annales Hydrographique, 1969). (Fakamaru) 20° 46' 12.9" S 138° 33' 54.5" W For the archipelago Îles Australes, the Tubuai Island astro Vahaga 21° 19' 18.2" S 136° 39' 38.1" W

station is where: Φo = 23° 20' 40.2" S, Λo = 149° 29' 08.6" W, (Temanufaara) 18° 46' 32.2" S 138° 51' 22.2" W

and αo = 40° 14' 16" from Mataura Terme Sud to Terme Nord. 19° 19' 43.9" S 139° 13' 04.2" W Lieutenant de vaisseau (Naval Lieutenant) Vallaux performed 20° 46' 11.4" S 139° 08' 25.9" W the observations with 16 sets of a Wild T-3 theodolite in Feb- continued on page 308 ruary 1969. On Tuamoto , the astro station is where: Φo

= 14° 28' 36.9" S, Λo = 145° 02' 11.8" W, and αo = 52° 42' 32.2" from Terme Sud to Terme Nord on a baseline of 5,213.36 m, observed in April, 1969. On Tureia, the astro station is where:

Φo = 20° 46' 20.5" S, Λo = 138° 34' 10.0" W, and was observed in June 1969 (Annales Hydrographique, No. 739, 1974).

298 April 2014 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING