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Between Quality and Quantity: the Population Council and the Politics of "Science-Making" in Eugenics and Demography, 1952-1965
Between Quality and Quantity: The Population Council and the Politics of "Science-making" in Eugenics and Demography, 1952-1965 by Edmund Ramsden Ph.D. Candidate Department of Political and Social Science European University Institute Florence, Italy [email protected], [email protected] © 2001 by Edmund Ramsden Editor's Note: This research report is presented here with Mr. Ramsden's permission but should not be cited or quoted without his consent. Rockefeller Archive Center Research Reports Online is a periodic publication of the Rockefeller Archive Center, a division of The Rockefeller University. Edited by Ken Rose and Erwin Levold under the general direction of the Center's director, Darwin H. Stapleton, Research Reports Online is intended to foster the network of scholarship in the history of philanthropy and to highlight the diverse range of materials and subjects covered in the collections at the Rockefeller Archive Center. The reports are drawn from essays submitted by researchers who have visited the Archive Center, many of whom have received grants from the Archive Center to support their research. The ideas and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and are not intended to represent the Rockefeller Archive Center or The Rockefeller University. The Population Council is one of the leading demographic organizations of the post-war era and was a powerful force in the reconstruction of post-war population studies in the United States. It is thus of critical importance to my attempt to understand the relationship between demography and eugenics in Britain and the United States. Regarding this relationship, an analysis of the Population Council records and the papers of John D. -
Expanding Capacity for Operations Research in Reproductive Health: Summary Report of a Consultative Meeting
Expanding Capacity for Operations Research in Reproductive Health: Summary Report of a Consultative Meeting WHO, Geneva, Switzerland December 10–12, 2001 © World Health Organization 2003 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 4447; fax: +41 22 791 4189; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications - whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution - should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. This publication contains the collective views of the U.S. -
New Contraceptive Developments
Population Council Knowledge Commons Momentum Population Council Newsletters 2008 New contraceptive developments Population Council Follow this and additional works at: https://knowledgecommons.popcouncil.org/ series_newsletters_momentum How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! Recommended Citation "New contraceptive developments," Momentum newsletter. New York: Population Council, 2008. This Newsletter is brought to you for free and open access by the Population Council. NEWS FROM THE POPULATION COUNCIL MomentumDECEMBER 2008 New contraceptive developments A health worker counsels a Kenyan woman on contraceptive options after the birth of her first child. IN THIS ISSUE: ONE RING FOR ONE YEAR OF CONTRACEPTION A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO CONTRACEPTION CONTRACEPTIVE CHOICES FOR DIVERSE POPULATIONS CREATING MORE CONTRACEPTIVE OPTIONS FOR MEN SEEKING A WINNING COMBINATION PROFILE: A CONVERSATION WITH DR. RENSHAN GE PROFILE: DONOR KATY STOKES PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE NOT ONLY CAN UNINTENDED pregnancy and birth be lethal to mother and child, they often trap women in a cycle of poverty in which they are unable to educate or support themselves and to provide for a baby. Modern contraceptives are available in most countries, but with only a few options the rate of unplanned pregnancy remains stubbornly high. This unmet need for contraception puts women’s lives at risk and keeps women and children in a state of poverty. At the Council, clinical research is driven by the principle that no one method of contraception will fit everyone’s needs. An IUD might be ideal for a mother of three living in Mexico City, while a young woman in rural Kenya, without reliable access to a medical facility, may require a different method. -
Population Council in Zambia
POPULATION COUNCIL IN ZAMBIA The Population Council seeks to improve the well- being and reproductive health of current and future generations around the world and to help achieve a humane, equitable, and sustainable balance be- tween people and resources. Since 1952, the Popu- lation Council has been the premier international organization conducting biomedical, public health, and social science research on population issues. The Council has worked in sub-Saharan Africa for over 40 years and in Zambia since 1994. PHOTO CREDIT: LOUIS APICELLA Responding to SGBV Innovations in family planning The Council is collaborating with the Ministries of For the past 15 years, the Council has supported the Health and Home Affairs (Zambia Police Service) to MOH’s efforts to improve FP in Zambia. With technical strengthen multi-sectoral services for survivors of sexual assistance from the WHO and the Council, in 1995 the and gender-based violence (SGBV). From 2005–2008, MOH undertook a strategic assessment of contraceptive the three institutions piloted an intervention in Cop- needs which proved pivotal in shaping the future of RH perbelt Province that trained police officers to provide services in Zambia. Based on the assessment’s recom- SGBV survivors with immediate access to emergency mendations, the Expanding Contraceptive Choice study contraception and referrals for health services. This pilot was launched in 11 rural health centers across the Cop- demonstrated that police could safely and effectively perbelt. Rigorous evaluation demonstrated this project’s provide such services, and that the two sectors could success, and it was subsequently scaled up across the deliver integrated care. -
Family Planning Operations Research Design Secondedition
Handbook for Family Planning Operations Research Design SecondEdition Andrew A. Fisher JohnE.taing JohnE.Stoe_el JohnW.Townsend Population Council One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza New York, New York 10017 www.popcouncil.org Library of Congress Andrew A. Fisher, Sc.D. is Senior Associate Cataloging In Publication Data and Director of the Africa Operations Be- search and Technical Assistance Project (Afri- Handbook for family plannin 8 operations research ca oRfrA Project), The Population Council, design / Andrew A. Fisher... let al.] -- 2nd ed. Nairobi, Kenya. p. cm. l_ev. ed. of: Handbook for family planning operations research desisn / Andrew Fisher,' John E. Laing, Ph.D. is Consultant, Austin, John Lalng, John Stoeckel. Texas. He was formerly a Senior Associate Includes bibliographical references, with The Population Council in South and ISBN 0-87834-059-9 East Asia. 1. Birth control--Research--Handbooks, manuals, etc. John E. 8toeckel, Ph.D. is Senior Associate, 2. Operations research--Handbooks, manuals, The Population Council, Bangkok, Thailand. etc. I. Fisher, Andrew, 1941- II. Fisher, Andrew, 1941-Handbook for family plannir_ JOhn W. Townsendp Ph.D. is Senior Associ- operations research design, ate and Senior Representative for Latin Ameri- HQ763.5.H36 1991 ca and the Caribbean, The Population Coun- 363.9'6'072073--clc20 91-6284 CIP cil, Mexico City, Mexico. Any part of this Handbook may be copied or adapted to meet local needs without permission from the authors or the Populatio n Council, provided that the parts copied are distributed free or at cost (not for profit). Any commercial reproduction requires prior permission from the Population Council. The authors would appreciate receiving a copy of any materials in which the text from the Handbook has been used. -
Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan) -
Case 24 Curbing Global Population Growth: Rockefeller’S Population Council Rockefeller Foundation, 1952 Steven Schindler
Case 24 Curbing Global Population Growth: Rockefeller’s Population Council Rockefeller Foundation, 1952 Steven Schindler Background. Throughout the first half of the twentieth century, the Rockefeller Foundation had been a significant contributor to broad advances in medical research and efforts in worldwide disease eradication. In contemplating the work of the foundation his grandfather created, John D. Rockefeller III began to believe that a reduction in mortality resulting from his family’s foundation efforts in medicine, without a corresponding decline in fertility rates, could contribute to unsustainable population growth, particularly in developing countries. In the late 1940s, a Rockefeller Foundation-sponsored team returning from Asia noted that an imminent worldwide surge in population growth demanded immediate action.369 Rapid worldwide population growth was known to be taking place, but scholarship on population and demography lacked organization and coherence in part because of the complexity of the problem of population growth and because of the cultural and religious sensitivities implicated in fertility issues. Rockefeller, however, felt that the complexities of rising population growth and the sensitivities of birth control should not inhibit the needed focus of science and public policy.370 Strategy. In the early 1950s, Rockefeller’s interest in the problems related to population growth led him to provide the financial support for a two-day conference, held under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences, the president of which was also the president of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.371 When the Rockefeller Foundation declined to take up population growth as an issue of concern, Rockefeller formed the Population Council as an independent entity.372 He provided an initial gift of $100,000 to enable the Council to begin its work. -
Heroic Chancellor: Winston Churchill and the University of Bristol 1929–65
Heroic Chancellor: Winston Churchill and the University of Bristol 1929–65 David Cannadine Heroic Chancellor: Winston Churchill and the University of Bristol 1929–65 To the Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors of the University of Bristol past, present and future Heroic Chancellor: Winston Churchill and the University of Bristol 1929–65 David Cannadine LONDON INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Published by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU © David Cannadine 2016 All rights reserved This text was first published by the University of Bristol in 2015. First published in print by the Institute of Historical Research in 2016. This PDF edition published in 2017. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY- NCND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN 978 1 909646 18 6 (paperback edition) ISBN 978 1 909646 64 3 (PDF edition) I never had the advantage of a university education. Winston Churchill, speech on accepting an honorary degree at the University of Copenhagen, 10 October 1950 The privilege of a university education is a great one; the more widely it is extended the better for any country. Winston Churchill, Foundation Day Speech, University of London, 18 November 1948 I always enjoy coming to Bristol and performing my part in this ceremony, so dignified and so solemn, and yet so inspiring and reverent. Winston Churchill, Chancellor’s address, University of Bristol, 26 November 1954 Contents Preface ix List of abbreviations xi List of illustrations xiii Introduction 1 1. -
Peter Meusburger Michael Heffernan Editors
Heike Jöns · Peter Meusburger Michael Heff ernan Editors Klaus Tschira Symposia Knowledge and Space 10 Mobilities of Knowledge Knowledge and Space Volume 10 Series editor Peter Meusburger, Department of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Knowledge and Space This book series entitled “Knowledge and Space” is dedicated to topics dealing with the production, dissemination, spatial distribution, and application of knowledge. Recent work on the spatial dimension of knowledge, education, and science; learning organizations; and creative milieus has underlined the importance of spatial disparities and local contexts in the creation, legitimation, diffusion, and application of new knowledge. These studies have shown that spatial disparities in knowledge and creativity are not short-term transitional events but rather a fundamental structural element of society and the economy. The volumes in the series on Knowledge and Space cover a broad range of topics relevant to all disciplines in the humanities and social sciences focusing on knowledge, intellectual capital, and human capital: clashes of knowledge; milieus of creativity; geographies of science; cultural memories; knowledge and the economy; learning organizations; knowledge and power; ethnic and cultural dimensions of knowledge; knowledge and action; and mobilities of knowledge. These topics are analyzed and discussed by scholars from a range of disciplines, schools of thought, and academic cultures. Knowledge and Space is the outcome of an agreement concluded by the Klaus -
Situation Analysis of Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan
1 Situation Analysis of Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan December 2019 i The Population Council confronts critical health and development issues—from stopping the spread of HIV to improving reproductive health and ensuring that young people lead full and productive lives. Through biomedical, social science, and public health research in 50 countries, we work with our partners to deliver solutions that lead to more effective policies, programs, and technologies that improve lives around the world. Established in 1952 and headquartered in New York, the Council is a nongovernmental, nonprofit organization governed by an international board of trustees. Population Council 3rd Floor, NTC Building (North), Sector F-5/1 Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: +92 51 920 5566 Fax: +92 51 282 1401 Email: [email protected] http://www.popcouncil.org ii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................. VII ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................... VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ IX CHAPTER- 1 INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY .................................................................................... 1 Background ................................................................................................................................................... -
Framework for the Future
ANNUAL REPORT 2016 FRAMEWORK FOR THE FUTURE A I WANT TO MOVE FREELY LIKE THE BOYS IN THE SOCIETY BECAUSE THIS IS OUR RIGHT.” “PARTICIPANT, BANGLADESHI ASSOCIATION FOR LIFE SKILLS, INCOME, AND KNOWLEDGE FOR ADOLESCENTS (BALIKA) Photos: (cover) Giacomo Pirozzi; (this page and page 4) Ashish Bajracharya; (page 9) Center for Global Development. B LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT Julia Bunting, OBE Investing in our future For many of us, 2016 felt like a tumultuous year as we witnessed contentious elections, escalating conflicts, and the warmest year on record globally. While these experiences made many of us want to retreat into the safety of our family and friends, they also offered a strong reminder that our work is far from done. Throughout the last 65 years, the Council has advanced rights, enhanced equity, and improved lives. We have done this by delivering rigorous, unbiased evidence that aids diverse governments, decision- makers, and agencies to improve programs and ensure policies are having the intended impact. Despite sometimes differing views—or perhaps particularly when views differ—we have found that evidence can bring clarity to a confusing and divided world. A climate of fear can contribute to increasing isolation. Despite our progress on girls’ rights, Population Council research has shown that when families feel that neighborhoods aren’t safe, girls see their worlds shrink and opportunities contract. They may be pulled from school, socially isolated, forced into labor or marriage, and are more at risk of early pregnancy and HIV infection. The good news is that when we design programs based on rigorous evidence about the realities of girls’ lives, we make a real impact. -
Les Étudiants Montréalais, 1895-1960
© 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : Impatient d'être soi-même, Karine Hébert, ISBN 978-2-7605-1551-2 • G1551N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés IMPATIENT d’être soI-MÊME © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : Impatient d'être soi-même, Karine Hébert, ISBN 978-2-7605-1551-2 • G1551N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés PRESSES DE L’Université dU QUÉBEC Le Delta I, 2875, boulevard Laurier, bureau 450 Québec (Québec) G1V 2M2 Téléphone : (418) 657-4399 • Télécopieur : (418) 657-2096 Courriel : [email protected] • Internet : www.puq.ca Diffusion / Distribution : CANADA et autres pays PROLOGUE INC . 1650, boulevard Lionel-Bertrand (Québec) J7H 1N7 Téléphone : (450) 434-0306 / 1 800-363-2864 FRANCE BELGIQUE SUISSE AFPU-DI ff U S ION PATRIMOINE SPRL SERVIDIS SA SODI S 168, rue du Noyer 5, rue des Chaudronniers, 1030 Bruxelles CH-1211 Genève 3 Belgique Suisse La Loi sur le droit d’auteur interdit la reproduction des œuvres sans autorisation des titulaires de droits. Or, la photocopie non autorisée – le « photocopillage » – s’est généralisée, provoquant une baisse des ventes de livres et compromettant la rédaction et la production de nouveaux ouvrages par des professionnels. L’objet du logo apparaissant ci-contre est d’alerter le lecteur sur la menace que représente pour l’avenir de l’écrit le développement massif du « photocopillage ».