DOCSLIB.ORG

Sweden's Seventh National Report Under the Convention on Nuclear Safety

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sweden's Seventh National Report Under the Convention on Nuclear Safety Sweden’s seventh national report under the Convention the report under on national Nuclear seventh Sweden’s Safety Ds 2016:30 Sweden’s seventh national report under the Convention on Nuclear Safety Sweden’s implementation of the obligations of the Convention Ds 2016:30 Ds 2016:30 Sweden’s seventh national report under the Convention on Nuclear Safety Sweden’s implementation of the obligations of the Convention Ministry of the Environment Swedish Government Official Reports (SOU) and the Ministry Publications Series (Ds) may be purchased from Wolters Kluwers Customer Service. Ordering address: Wolters Kluwers Customer Service, SE-106 47 Stockholm, Sweden. Telephone orders: +46 8-598 191 90 E-mail: [email protected] Website: wolterskluwer.se/offentligapublikationer As far as concerns distribution of SOU and Ds publications as part of a referral procedure, Wolters Kluwer Sverige AB has a remit from the Swedish Government Offices’ Office for Administrative Affairs. Cover exterior of Ringhals NPP: Jann Lipka/Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten. Printed by: Elanders Sverige AB, Stockholm 2016. ISBN 978-91-38-24490-6 ISSN 0284-6012 CONTENTS Foreword .................................................................................... 3 List of abbreviations ................................................................................ 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ...................................... 9 A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 13 B. COMPLIANCE WITH ARTICLES 4 TO 19 ........................................... 33 4. Article 4: IMPLEMENTING MEASURES .......................................... 33 5. Article 5: REPORTING ................................................................. 33 6. Article 6: EXISTING NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS ............................ 33 7. Article 7: LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .............. 39 8. Article 8: REGULATORY BODY ..................................................... 65 9. Article 9: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE LICENCE HOLDER .................. 83 10 Article 10: PRIORITY TO SAFETY .................................................. 87 11. Article 11: FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES ........................... 101 12. Article 12: HUMAN FACTORS ....................................................... 109 13. Article 13: QUALITY ASSURANCE ................................................. 113 14. Article 14: ASSESSMENT AND VERIFICATION OF SAFETY .............. 117 15. Article 15: RADIATION PROTECTION ............................................ 133 16. Article 16: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ....................................... 145 17. Article 17: SITING ....................................................................... 163 18. Article 18: DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ..................................... 175 19. Article 19: OPERATION. ............................................................... 189 C. APPENDICES .................................................................................... 205 Appendix 1: Nuclear safety and radiation protection regulations ............... 205 Appendix 2: Major past and currently implemented modifications at Swedish NPPs ................................................................... 213 Appendix 3: Vienna Declaration on Nuclear Safety .................................. 225 1 1 Foreword This report is issued according to Article 5 of the Convention on Nuclear Safety. Sweden signed the Convention on 20 September 1994. The Convention was ratified about a year later, on 11 September 1995, and it entered into force on 24 October 1996. The first national report on the Swedish implementation of the obligations under the Convention was issued in August 1998. The following national reports were issued in August 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2013. All reports are available on the CNS website as well as on the website of the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (www.ssm.se). The reports were discussed at the review meetings held in 1999, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011 and 2014. A summary of highlights and issues raised about Sweden during the sixth review meeting held 24 March–4 April 2014 can be found in Chapter A. This section also includes an overview of the issues Sweden was asked to report on in its seventh national report. The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority was assigned the task to co-ordinate the work to compile and produce the seventh national report on behalf of the Government. A six persons working group with four representatives of the regulatory body, the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, and one representative of each of the reactor owners, Vattenfall AB (further Vattenfall) and Sydkraft Nuclear Power AB (further Sydkraft NP), produced the report. The present report is structured in the same manner as the previous Swedish national reports. Chapter A includes basic facts and information about the Swedish nuclear programme to provide the reader with a frame of reference. Chapter B includes facts and information to substantiate compliance with the obligations of the Convention. Each Article under Chapter B corresponds to one Article of the Convention. Articles 6–8 are structured to allow for information, in accordance with the Articles, to be provided in a clear and reviewable manner. Articles 9–16 and 19 have a similar basic structure where information is provided about the regulatory requirements related to the corresponding Article and measures taken by the licence holders to comply with the regulatory requirements. These Articles also includes information about the licensees own safety initiatives as well as on regulatory oversight/supervision. Articles 17 and 18 are structured considering the templates provided by the special working group of experts. They contain the same information but the structure may differ from the other Articles. Altogether, this information will provide evidence for meeting the obligations of the Convention. Recommendations on the report structure issued as guidelines INFCIRC 572 Rev. 5 have been taken into account. In addition a template has been used which was developed by a group of experts to support the Contracting Parties by providing suggestions to be considered during the preparation of their reporting on Articles 17 and 18. The sixth review meeting of the contracting parties to the Convention on Nuclear Safety resulted in a number of topics to be considered while preparing national reports for the seventh review meeting. The agreed topics are reflected and the results presented in the report. 2 3 Ds 2016:30 As a result of the Diplomatic Conference to Consider a Proposal by Switzerland to Amend the CNS, the Vienna Declaration on Nuclear Safety was adopted by consensus by the Contracting Parties, on 9 February 2015. It contains three principles to guide the Contracting Parties, in the implementation of the objective of the CNS. These principles are reflected in this national report with special focus on Article 18 as well as other relevant Articles, including 6, 7, 14, 17 and 19. The general conclusions on Swedish compliance with the obligations of the Convention are reported in the executive summary. 4 3 List of abbreviations ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable (a principle applied in radiation protection) ANS American Nuclear Society ANSI American National Standard Institute BAT Best Available Technique BSS The Basic Safety Standards Directive of the Euratom BWR Boiling Water Reactor CAP Corrective Action Programme CCF Common Cause Failure Clab Central Interim Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel DBA Design Basis Accident BDBA Beyond Design Basis Accident EDG Emergency Diesel Generator ENISS European Nuclear Installations Safety Standards ENSREG European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group EPRI Electric Power Research Institute EU European Union EUR European Utility Requirements FKA Forsmarks Kraftgrupp AB (licence holder of Forsmark NPP) FSAR Final Safety Analysis Report IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency I&C Instrumentation and Control IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers INES International Nuclear Event Scale INPO Institute of Nuclear Power Operations IRRS IAEA Integrated Regulatory Review Service KPI Key Performance Indicator KSKG Kärnkraftssäkerhetskoordineringsgrupp (Nuclear Safety Coordination Group of the Swedish licensees) KSU Kärnkraftsäkerhet och Utbildning AB (the Swedish Nuclear Training and Safety Center) KTH Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (Royal Institute of Technology) LER Licensee Event Report LILW Low and Intermediate Level Waste 4 5 List of abbreviations Ds 2016:30 LOCA Loss of Coolant Accident MSB Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency) MTO Interaction between Man, Technology and Organisation MVSS Multi Venturi Scrubber System NAcP EU stress test National Action Plan NDT Non Destructive Testing NKS Nordic Nuclear Safety Research Norderf Swedish-Finnish Group for Operating Experience Feedback NPP Nuclear Power Plant (including all nuclear power units at one site) NPSAG Nordic PSA Group NUREG Nuclear Regulatory Guide (issued by the USNRC) OE Operational Experience OKG OKG Aktiebolag (licence holder of Oskarshamn NPP) OLC Operational Limits and Conditions OSART Operational Safety Review Team (a review service of the IAEA) PSA Probabilistic Safety Analysis (or Assessment) PSAR Preliminary Safety Analysis Report PSR Periodic Safety Review PWR Pressurized Water Reactor R&D Research and Development RAB Ringhals AB (licence holder of Ringhals NPP) RPS Reactor Protection
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Condition Measuring and Lifetime Modelling of Disconnectors, Circuit Breakers and Other Electrical Power Transmission Equipment
    Condition measuring and lifetime modelling of disconnectors, circuit breakers and other electrical power transmission equipment PER WESTERLUND Doctoral Thesis Stockholm, Sweden 2017 TRITA-EE 2017:134 KTH Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion ISSN 1653-5146 Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik ISBN 978-91-7729-543-3 SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Akademisk avhandling som med tillstånd av Kungl Tekniska högskolan framläg- ges till offentlig granskning för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen i elektro- och systemteknik måndagen den 23 oktober 2017 klockan 13.15 i Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, Kungl Tekniska högskolan, Stockholm. © Per Westerlund, september 2017 Tryck: Universitetsservice US AB Abstract The supply of electricity is important in modern society, so the outages of the electric grid should be few and short, especially for the transmission grid.A summary of the history of the Swedish electrical system is presented. The objective is to be able to plan the maintenance better by following the condition of the equipment. The risk matrix can be used to choose which component to be maintained. The risk matrix is improved by adding a dimension, the uncertainty of the probability. The risk can be reduced along any dimension: better measurements, preventive maintenance or more redundancy. The number of dimensions can be reduced to two by following iso-risk lines calculated for the beta distribution. This thesis lists twenty surveys about circuit breakers and disconnectors, with statistics about the failures and the lifetime. It also presents about forty condition- measuring methods for circuit breakers and disconnectors, mostly applicable to the electric contacts and the mechanical parts. A method for scheduling thermography based on analysis of variance of the current is tried.
    [Show full text]
  • Sweden 2000 Review INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
    SuèdeA prepaFT 4/09/00 13:12 Page 1 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Energy Policies of IEA Countries Sweden 2000 Review INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Energy Policies of IEA Countries Sweden 2000 Review INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR 9, rue de la Fédération, ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION 75739 Paris, cedex 15, France AND DEVELOPMENT The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in autonomous body which was established in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into November 1974 within the framework of the force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Development (OECD) to implement an international shall promote policies designed: energy programme. • To achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of It carries out a comprehensive programme of living in Member countries, while maintaining energy co-operation among twenty-four* of the financial stability, and thus to contribute to the OECD’s twenty-nine Member countries. The basic development of the world economy; aims of the IEA are: • To contribute to sound economic expansion in • To maintain and improve systems for coping Member as well as non-member countries in the with oil supply disruptions; process of economic development; and • To promote rational energy policies in a global • To contribute to the expansion of world trade on context through co-operative relations with non- a multilateral, non-discriminatory
    [Show full text]
  • Management at Nuclear Power Plants
    Cov-ISOE 2004 6069 5/10/05 15:53 Page 1 Radiation Protection AIEA IAEA Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants OECD Nuclear Energy Agency International Atomic Energy Agency Fourth ISOE ISOE European Symposium Lyon, France INFORMATION SYSTEM ON OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE 24-26 March 2004 NUCLEAR•ENERGY•AGENCY Radioactive Waste Management Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants Fourth ISOE European Workshop Lyon, France 24-26 March 2004 Organised by the European Commission and the European Technical Centre (CEPN) © OECD 2005 NEA No. 6069 NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual and Sustainability Report 2018
    Annual and Sustainability Report 2018 Fossil-free living within one generation The future is fossil free At Vattenfall we exist to help our customers power their lives in ever climate smarter ways. The goal is to be free from fossil fuels within one generation. Contents Overview Our people Non-financial information 2 This is Vattenfall 58 Our people 153 Materiality analysis 4 The year in numbers 154 Stakeholders Risks and risk management 6 CEO’s message 155 Social information 62 Risks and risk management 8 Important events 160 Environmental information 10 Targets and target Corporate governance 164 GRI Index achievement 70 Corporate Governance Report 168 Combined Assurance Report 12 Market trends 80 Board of Directors 168 Auditor’s statement 82 Executive Group Management Business model More on Vattenfall 84 AGM proposal 14 Business model 170 Five-year overview, sustainability data Strategic direction Financial information 171 Quarterly overview 18 Strategy 86 Financial performance 173 Ten-year overview 22 Investment plan 93 Consolidated accounts 99 Notes to the consolidated 174 Definitions and calculations Markets and regulations accounts of key ratios 24 Markets and regulations 133 Parent Company accounts 176 Facts about Vattenfall’s 136 Notes to the Parent Company markets Operating segments accounts Glossary 30 Operating segment overview 148 Audit Report 32 Operating segments 179 Glossary 54 Research & Development 181 Contacts and financial calendar About the report The 2018 Annual and Sustainability Report for Vattenfall AB (publ) is submitted by the by the Integrated Reporting Framework with the ambition that the report will reflect how Board of Directors and describes the company’s overall targets and strategy as well as sustainability is embedded in the overall strategy as well as in the daily work.
    [Show full text]
  • Oskarshamn 1 and 2 in Sweden
    General data in accordance with the requirements in article 37 of the Euratom Treaty Dismantling of the nuclear reactors Oskarshamn 1 and 2 in Sweden 11th May 2017 2 About this report The present document has been compiled and completed by the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM), mainly based on information provided by the license holder, OKG AB. The purpose of the document is to serve as information for the European Commission, and to fulfil the requirements of Article 37 of the Euratom Treaty. SSM has controlled that the general data provides the necessary information and that it follows the guideline in annex 3 of the recommendation of the application of Article 37 of the Euratom Treaty 2010/635/Euratom. The report has been approved by the Head of Section Ove Nilsson and has been registered by the authority with document number SSM20017-333-2. On the 11th of May 2017 SSM approved to submit the report to the Swedish Government in order to be submitted to the European Commission. 3 4 Summary The recommendation of the European Commission of 11 October 2010 on the application of Article 37 of the Euratom Treaty (2010/635/Euratom) requires each member state to provide the Commission with general data related to for instance dismantling of nuclear reactors, which will make it possible to determine whether the implementation of the activities is likely to result in radioactive contamination of the water, soil or airspace of another member state. This report describes the consequences of decommissioning two boiling water reactors and the common waste handling building at the Oskarshamn Nuclear Power Plant.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Aspects of Load Management
    ISRN LUTMDN/TMHP—04/3012—SE Environmental Aspects of Load Management Juozas Abaravicius Report Division of Energy Economics and Planning Department of Heat and Power Engineering Lund University PO Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden Environmental Aspects of Load Management by Juozas Abaravicius February 2004 Report This publication is part of the project called Direct and Indirect Load Control in Buildings at the Division of Energy Economics and Planning, Department of Heat and Power Engineering, Lund University, Sweden. Assoc. Prof. Lena Neij from the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics at Lund University has been supervisor and examiner of this study. Assoc. Prof. Jurek Pyrko from the Division of Energy Economics and Planning, Department of Heat and Power Engineering at Lund University, has been the project leader and supervisor. This work was financed by the ELAN programme- a joint research program on electricity utilisation and behaviour in a deregulated market. The ELAN-programme is financed by the utilities Eskilstuna Energi & Miljo, Fortum, Goteborg Energi AB, the Goteborg Energi research foundation, Jamtkraft AB, Skelleftea Kraft AB, Skanska Energi AB, Sydkraft AB and Vattenfall AB through Elforsk (Swedish Electrical Utilities’ R&D Company), project number 4184-LTH, the Swedish Energy Agency and Formas (The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning), project number 2001­ 1846. Report ISRN LUTMDN/TMHP--04/3012--SE © Juozas Abaravicius Division of Energy Economics and Planning Department of Heat and Power Engineering Lund University PO Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden www.vok.lth.se/~eep Juozas Abaravicius Environmental Aspects of Load Management Summary Load problems in electricity markets occur both on the supply and demand side and can have technical, economic and even political causes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Energy Sector in Sweden
    THE ENERGY SECTOR IN SWEDEN FLANDERS INVESTMENT & TRADE MARKET SURVEY /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// THE ENERGY SECTOR IN SWEDEN Introduction to the market March 2020 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// www.flandersinvestmentandtrade.com TABLE OF CONTENT: 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. The Swedish energy market ................................................................................................................................................... 4 3. Different types of renewable sources ............................................................................................................................... 6 3.1 Hydropower 6 3.2 Bioenergy 6 3.3 Nuclear power 7 3.4 Solar power 7 3.5 Wind power 8 3.6 Other sources 9 3.6.1 Wave power 9 3.6.2 Heat pumps 9 3.6.3 Body heat 9 4. Role of the government ........................................................................................................................................................... 10 4.1 carbon taxation 10 4.2 Green electricity certification 11 4.3 The Swedish Energy Agency 11 5. Long term goals ............................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Swedish Nuclear Power Policy
    The Research Project Energy Opinion in Sweden Department of Political Science University of Gothenburg Per Hedberg Sören Holmberg April 2008 Swedish Nuclear Power Policy A Compilation of Public Record Material History Nuclear Power “In Sweden, nuclear technology started in 1947, when AB Atomenergi was constituted to carry out a development programme decided by the Parliament. As a result, the first research reactor went critical in 1954. This was followed by the first prototype nuclear power plant (PHWR) Ågesta located to a rock cavern in a suburb of Stockholm. The Ågesta reactor was mainly used for district heating and operated from 1964 until 1974, when it was permanently shut down. The first commercial nuclear power plant Oskarshamn 1 was commissioned in 1972 and was followed by another eleven units sited at Barsebäck, Oskarshamn Ringhals and Forsmark in the time period up to 1985. The twelve commercial reactors constructed in Sweden comprise 9 BWRs (ASEA-ATOM design) and 3 PWRs (Westinghouse design). As a result of political decisions, the twin BWR units Barsebäck 1 and 2 were finally shut down in 1999 and 2005 respectively. In 2004, Studsvik Nuclear decided to permanently shut down the two research reactors (R2 and R2–0) at the Studsvik site. They were closed in June 2005. The decision was taken on economical grounds, the licences had recently been extended until 2014, subject to certain conditions. The reactors were mainly used for commercial materials testing purposes, isotope production, neutron source for research purposes, medical applications and higher education. They are currently under decommissioning.” (From DS 2007:30:11-12) “Nuclear policy was the major domestic policy issue during the mid and late1970s.
    [Show full text]
  • Uniper and Fortum
    FORTUM – For a cleaner world Investor / Analyst material April 2018 Disclaimer This presentation does not constitute an invitation to underwrite, subscribe for, or otherwise acquire or dispose of any Fortum shares. Past performance is no guide to future performance, and persons needing advice should consult an independent financial adviser. Any references to the future represent the management’s current best understanding. However the final outcome may differ from them. 2 Content Fortum today 4 – 18 European and Nordic power markets 19 – 26 Fortum’s nuclear fleet 27 – 30 Russia 31 – 33 Thermal capacity in Russia 33 Historical achieved prices 34 Interim Report Q1 2018 35 – 55 Uniper investment 56 – 59 IR contacts 60 3 Appr. 130,000 shareholders • Power and heat company in the Nordic Finnish households countries, Russia, Poland and the Baltics 10.3% Financial and • Listed at the Helsinki Stock Exchange insurance institutions 1.4% since 1998 Other Finnish • Among the most traded shares on investors the Nasdaq Helsinki stock exchange 7.5% Finnish • Market cap ~16 billion euros State 50.8% Foreign investors 30.0% 28 February 2018 4 Capital returns: 2017 EUR 1.10 per share ~ EUR 1 billion Fortum’s dividend policy is based on 5 year dividend per share (EUR) history the following preconditions: • The dividend policy ensures that shareholders receive a fair remuneration for their entrusted capital, supported 1,4 1.3 by the company’s long-term strategy that aims at increasing earnings per share and thereby the dividend. 1,2 1.1 0.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 • When proposing the dividend, the Board of Directors 1,0 1.1 looks at a range of factors, including the macro 0,8 environment, balance sheet strength as well as future investment plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Radioactive Waste Management Programmes In
    RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMES IN OECD/NEA MEMBER COUNTRIES SWEDEN [2010] NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY CONTEXT Commercial utilisation of nuclear power in Sweden started in 1972 and as of 2010 ten nuclear power units supply electricity to the grid. In 2008, nuclear power generated 61,3 TWh of electricity, 42% of the total electricity generated in Sweden. Electricity supply by sources 2008 (158,7 TWh) (Source: Statistics Sweden) SOURCES, TYPES AND QUANTITIES OF WASTE Nuclear waste in arises from 12 commercial nuclear power plants at Barsebäck1, Forsmark, Oskarshamn and Ringhals and from research activities, mainly from Studsvik. Other radioactive wastes, so called small user waste, arise from a number of facilities using radioisotopes in medical, research and industrial applications. The long-term planning for the waste management programme is based on a reference scenario where the reactors in Ringhals and Forsmark are assumed to have an operating time of 50 years and OKG’s reactors 60 years. The quantity of spent fuel to be disposed of amounts to about 12,000 tonnes of uranium (counted as uranium). The total volume of decommissioning waste for all nuclear power plants as well as from research and demonstration facilities is estimated to 160 000 m3. 1 The two units in Barsebäck were permanently shut down 1999 and 2005 1(5) The LILW programme is aimed at disposing of all the low- and intermediate-level operational and decommissioning waste from the Swedish nuclear power programme. The reference scenario gives rise to a total of about 212 000 m3 of short-lived waste and about 8 700 m3 of long-lived waste from the nuclear power plants.
    [Show full text]
  • For a Cleaner World
    Equity story of FORTUM – For a cleaner world Investor / Analyst material July 2021 Disclaimer This presentation does not constitute an invitation to underwrite, subscribe for, or otherwise acquire or dispose of any Fortum shares. Past performance is no guide to future performance, and persons needing advice should consult an independent financial adviser. Any references to the future represent the management’s current best understanding. However the final outcome may differ from them. 2 Content Fortum in brief 4 – 12 Fortum’s strategy 13 – 22 Energy market transition 23 – 27 Interim report Q1 2021 28 – 45 Appendices 46 European and Nordic power markets 47 – 56 Fortum’s Nordic power generation in detail 57 Fortum’s evolution and strategic route 58 Historical achieved prices 59 Dividend 60 IR contact 61 3 Fortum in brief Fortum in brief Power generation assets Key figures 20201 Sales EUR 49.0 bn Comparable EBITDA EUR 2.4 bn Total assets EUR 57.8 bn Personnel 19,933 Main businesses1 Sales (€) Volume2 Capacity India Power 20.8 bn 142 TWh 50.3 GW Gas 22.4 bn ~370 TWh 7.6 bcm3 Heat 0.8 bn 30 TWh 19.5 GW 1) Until 31 of March 2020 Uniper's contribution to the income statement was recognised in the Share of profit/loss of associates and joint ventures. 2) For Power - Power generation, for Gas - Long-term gas supply contracts and for Heat – Heat production 3) Gas storage capacity, billion cubic meters 4 Fortum in brief Strong position to drive the energy transition in Europe 3rd largest 3rd largest 3rd largest 4th largest power generator CO2-free power generator nuclear generator gas storage operator in Europe and Russia in Europe in Europe in Europe 5 TWh 6 ConsolidatedFortum is third thelargest CO Europe 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 EPH incl.
    [Show full text]
  • Balancing Supply and Demand in an Electricity System - the Case of Sweden
    DEGREE PROJECT IN THE FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND THE MAIN FIELD OF STUDY INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2018 Balancing Supply and Demand in an Electricity System - the Case of Sweden OSKAR MARED VICTOR PERSSON KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT Balancing Supply and Demand in an Electricity System - the Case of Sweden Oskar Mared Victor Persson Master of Science Thesis TRITA-ITM-EX 2018:406 KTH Industrial Engineering and Management Industrial Management SE-100 44 STOCKHOLM Balansera produktion och konsumtion i ett elsystem – en studie av Sverige Oskar Mared Victor Persson Examensarbete TRITA-ITM-EX 2018:406 KTH Industriell teknik och management Industriell ekonomi och organisation SE-100 44 STOCKHOLM Master of Science Thesis TRITA-ITM-EX 2018:406 Balancing Supply and Demand in an Electricity System - the Case of Sweden Oskar Mared Victor Persson Approved Examiner Supervisor 2018-05-28 Cali Nuur Thomas Sandberg Commissioner Contact person Mälarenergi AB Ulf Andersson Abstract In an electrical system there needs to be a constant balance between supply and demand of electricity and this is measured by the frequency in the grid. Due to the increasing awareness of climate change, more renewable energy resources have been introduced in the Swedish electricity system. This is, however, not solely positive since renewable energy sources are often of intermittent character which entails more imbalances between supply and demand. In addition, statistics and data show that the deviation in the frequency in the Nordic system has increased during the latest years. Thus, in this thesis, the issues regarding the frequency have been addressed by examining the demand for frequency control in the Swedish electricity system and what balancing efforts that can be carried out on a local level to contribute to a better balanced system.
    [Show full text]