DOCSLIB.ORG

Diversity and Distribution of Sea-Anemones (Cnidaria : Actiniaria) in the Estuaries and Mangroves of Odisha, India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diversity and Distribution of Sea-Anemones (Cnidaria : Actiniaria) in the Estuaries and Mangroves of Odisha, India ISSN 0375-1511 Rec. zool. Surv. India: 113(Part-3): 113-118,2013 DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEA-ANEMONES (CNIDARIA : ACTINIARIA) IN THE ESTUARIES AND MANGROVES OF ODISHA, INDIA SANTANU MITRA* AND J.G. PATTANAYAK Zoological Survey of India 27, J. L. Nehru Road, Kolkata-700 016, West Bengal, India * [email protected] INTRODUCTION anemone Paracondylactis sinensis (Carlgren) was Actiniarians, popularly called as 'Sea­ collected by digging the sandy mud 20-25 cm around the specimens up to depth of about 70-120 Anemones', belongs to the phylum Cnidaria form cm depending on the size of the anemone. The an important group of intertidal invertebrate animals were detached from the substratum by distinguished by their habit, habitat and beautiful lifting the basal disc manually and narcotized colouration. This group was not elaborately with 1 % formalin for the period of 6-8 hours. The studied from India. However Annandale (1907 & narcotized anemones with fully expanded 1915), Carlgren (1925 & 1949), Parulekar (1968 & condition were preserved in 10% formalin for 1990), Seshyia and Cuttress (1971), Misra (1975 & further studies. 1976) and Bairagi (1998, 2001) worked on this SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS group and a total 40 species of sea anemones belongs to 33 genera and 17 families so far Phylum CNIDARIA Class ANTHOZOA recorded from India. During the recent faunal Subclass HEXACORALLIA survey (2010-2011) of Estuaries and Mangrove Order ACTINIARIA fringed coastal districts of Odisha, the authors Family EDW ARDSIIDAE encountered a quite good number of specimens of 1. Edwardsia jonesii Seshaiya & Cuttress, 1969 this group. After proper identification these 2. Edwardsia tinctrix Annandale, 1915 reveals 5 species belonging to 4 genera and 3 Family HALIACTIIDAE families. Earlier recorded four species are also included in this paper. A short description, 3. Pelocoetes exul Annandale, 1915 habitat-choice and distribution of a total of 9 4. Phytocoetes gangeticus Annandale, 1915* species are provided in this paper. Family DIADUMENIDAE MATERIALS AND METHODS 5. Diadumene schilleriana (Stoliczka, 1869) As the species are burrowing, the collection Family HALCAMPIDAE was done by inserting spade into the muddy or 6. Mena limnicola (Annandale, 1915)* sandy substrata without disturbing the animals 7. Mena chilkaeae (Annandale, 1915)* and lever up to the mud along with the Anemone. Specimens were picked up carefully and brought Family NEVADNEIDAE to the camp laboratory in estuarine water. Giant 8. Nevadneglauca (Annandale, 1915)* 114 Rec. zool. Surv. India Family ACTINIIDAE into capitulam, scapulus, scapus and inflatable 9. Paracondylactis sinensis (Carlgren, 1949) physa without cuticle. Capitulum thin-walled, almost transparent, smooth and without cuticle. * Not collected by the authors, diagnosis is given Scapus thick-walled, covered with thick shaggy here from the literature. rusty-red cuticle. Actinopharynx with 8 Key to the Species longitudinal ridges, siphonoglyph indistinct. Scapus covered by rusty-red cuticle ...................1 Habitat : Burrowing forms in soft muddy cuticle absent ............................................... 2 substratum of Intertidal zone. 1. Tentacles 12 ......................... Edwardsia joneshii Distribution: India: East coast: Subarnarekha Tentacles 16 .......................... Edwardsia tinctrix estuary, Chilika Lake (Odisha), South 24 Parganas 2. Tentacles branched .......................Pelocoetes exul (West Bengal), Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu; West Tentacles simple ................................................. 3 coast : Sunkeri (middle reaches of Kali river 3. Column short ............... ... .Diadumene schilleriana estuary), Karnataka. Column narrow and slender. .......................... .4 Remarks : Edwardsia jonesii Seshaiya & 4. Column smooth and elongated ..................... .5 Cuttress, 1969 is fairly distributed in east coast of Column short and rough ................................6 India. 5. Tentacles 36 in number, base narrow, physa like 2. Edwardsia tinctrix Annandale, 1915 ...................................... .. Phytocoetes gangeticus 1915. Edwardsia tinctrix: Annandale, Mem. Indian Mus., Tentacles 96 in number, base flattened and distinct 5: 92, pI. 16, fig. 3; pI.7, fig. 55a; pI.7a, fig. 5; text figs. ..... ... ..... .... ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. Partacondylactis sinensis 7a-c . 6. Columns with no stinging warts .... Nevadne glauca 1968. Edwardsia tinctrix : Perulekar, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 65(1): 140, pLfigs.l. Columns with stinging warts .......................... 7 7. Stinging warts arranged in 12-16 longitudinal 1995. Edwardsia tinctrix: Misra, Wetland Ecosystem Series I: Fauna ofChilka Lake: 229. rows ................................................... .. Mena limnicola Material examined : 1 ex, Subarnapur, Stinging warts arranged in 24 longitudinal rows ........................................................... .Mena chilkaeae Subarnarekha estuary, Balasore District, Odisha; 15.iv.2011, S. Mitra & J.G. Pattanayak, Reg. No. 1. Edwardsia jonesii Seshaiya & Cuttress, 1969 P3630/1 1971. Edwardsia jonesii Sheshaiya & Cuttress, 1969. Diagnosis: Tentacles 16, smooth and arranged J. mar. bioI. Ass. India, 11(1 & 2): 73, Figs.l, 2. in two cycles of six each. Body distinctly divided 1995. Edwardsia jonesii Misra, Wetland Ecosystem Series I into capitulam, scapulus, scapus and inflatable : Fauna ofChilka Lake: 230. physa well developed at the aboral end. 1998. Edwardsia jonesi Bairagi, Cnidaria: Sea anemone. Capitulum thin-walled, almost transparent, Fauna ofWest Bengal, state fauna series, 3(Part-11): 33. smooth and without cuticle. Scapus thick-walled, 2001. Edwardsia jonesi Bairagi, Cnidaria: Sea anemone. covered with thick shaggy rusty-red cuticle. Fauna ofGodavari Estuary, Estuarine ecosystem series, Actinopharynx with 8 longitudinal ridges, 4:12. siphonoglyph indistinct. Nemathyboms in 8 Material examined: 3 ex; Balaramgadi, Burha longitudinal rows on the col umn. Balanga estuary, Balasore District, Odisha; Habitat : Burrowing forms in soft muddy 13.iv.2011, S. Mitra & J.G. Pattanayak, Reg. No. substratum of Intertidal zone. P3628/1; 2 ex, Talsari, Subarnarekha estuary, Distribution : Endemic in India : East coast: Balasore District, Odisha; 16.iv.2011, S. Mitra & Subarnarekha estuary, Chilika lagoon (Odisha), J.G. Pattanayak, Reg. No. P3629/1. Hugli-Matla Estuary( West Bengal) ; West coast: Diagnosis: Tentacles 12, smooth and arranged Goa and Maharashtra; Sunkeri (middle reaches of in two cycles of six each. Body distinctly divided Kali river estuary), Karnataka. MITRA & PATTANA YAK: Diversity and Distribution of Sea-anemones 115 Remarks: Edwardsia tinctrix Annandale, 1915 is Diagnosis : Tentacles simple, slender, 36 in fairly distributed in east coast and west coast of number. Column narrow and slender, smooth India. with longitudinal rows of cinclides, sphincter not visible. Base narrow physa-like. Family HALIACTIIDAE Distribution: India: Chilka lagoon (Orissa); 3. Pelocoetes exul Annandale, 1915 South 24 parganas and Gangetic delta (West 1915. Pelocoetes exul Annandale, Mem. Ind. Mus., 5:86, Bengal), Tamilnadu, Kerala, Goa and Maharastra. p1.6, fig.1; p1.7, figs. 3, 3a, 3b; text fig.5. Remarks: This species is very common in the 1995. Pelocoetes exul : Misra, Wetland Ecosystem Series I : estuaries and found in the muddy shore near the Fauna ofChilka Lake: 230-231. estuarine mouth. But this species is not collected 2001. Pelocoetes exul : Bairagi, Estuarine Ecosystem Series, during the present surveys. Diagnosis is 4: Fauna ofGodavari Estuary: 12 incorporated from the literature. Material examined : 2 ex; Bandar, Devi river Family DIADUMENIDAE estuary, Puri District, Odisha; 02.iv. 2011, S. Mitra & J.G. Pattanayak, Reg. No. P3631/1; 2 ex; 5. Diadumene schilleriana (Stoliczka,1869) Balaramgadi, Burha Balanga estuary, Balasore 1869. Sagaritta schilleriana Stoliczka, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, District, Odisha; 13.iv.2011, S. Mitra & J.G. 38(2): 31, pIs. 10, 11. Pattanayak, Reg. No. P3632/1; 4 ex, Subarnapur, 1915. Metridium schillerianum : Annandale, Mem. Ind. Subarnarekha estuary, Balasore District, Odisha; Mus., 5:76, p1.7 fig.1 15.iv.2011, S. Mitra & J.G. Pattanayak, Reg. No. 1998. Diadumene schilleriana : Bairagi, Fauna of West P3633/1. Bengal, Part-11: 37-38, fig. I-A, B. Diagnosis : Basal disc reduced. Bluntly Material examined: 1 ex; Bandar, Devi river tapering and without physa. Column elongated. estuary, Puri District, Odisha; 02.iv.2011, S. Longitudinal rows of nematocyst batteries Mitra & J.G. Pattanayak, Reg. No. P3634/1; 1 ex; alternating with cinclides on column. Tentacles Balaramgadi, Burha Balanga estuary, Balasore are branched hexamerously arranged (6 + District, Odisha; 13.iv.2011, S. Mitra & J.G. 6+12+24+48, the last cycle more or less complete) Pattanayak, Reg. No. P3635/1; 3 ex, Subarnapur, oral disc lobed. Subarnarekha estuary, Balasore District, Odisha; 15.iv.2011, S. Mitra & J.G. Pattanayak, Habitat : Soft mud burrowing form in the Reg. No. P3636/1. 2 ex; Hukitola Light house, Intertidal zone, found at mudflat just beside the Mahanadi Estuary, Cuttack District, Odisha; narrow creeks of the middle tidal area. 02.iv.2011, S. Mitra & J.G. Pattanayak, Reg. No. Distribution : India: Subarnarekha estuary P3637/1. (Odisha), South 24 parganas and Gangetic delta Diagnosis : Body divided into Scapus and (West Bengal), Tamilnadu., Maharastra, Kerala, Capitulum. Capus with Cinclides and Capitulum Goa. with collar. Body very short, 12-19 mm. in length Remarks:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Sea Anemone, <I>Edwardsia Meridionalls</I> Sp. Nov., From
    AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Williams, R. B., 1981. A sea anemone, Edwardsia meridionalis sp. Nov., from Antarctica and a preliminary revision of the genus Edwardsia de Quatrefages, 1841 (Coelenterata: Actiniaria). Records of the Australian Museum 33(6): 325–360. [28 February 1981]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.33.1981.271 ISSN 0067-1975 Published by the Australian Museum, Sydney naturenature cultureculture discover discover AustralianAustralian Museum Museum science science is is freely freely accessible accessible online online at at www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/ 66 CollegeCollege Street,Street, SydneySydney NSWNSW 2010,2010, AustraliaAustralia A SEA ANEMONE, EDWARDSIA MERIDIONALlS SP. NOV., FROM ANTARCTICA AND A PRELIMINARY REVISION OF THE GENUS EDWARDSIA DE QUATREFAGES, 1841 (COELENTERATA: ACTINIARIA). R. B. WllLIAMS 2 Carrington Place, Tring, Herts., HP23 SLA, England SUMMARY A newly recognized sea anemone, Edwardsia meridionalis sp. nov., from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica is described and compared with other Edwardsia species. Its habitat and geographical distribution are described. The generic name Edwardsia de Quatrefages, 1841 and the familial name Edwardsiidae Andres, 1881 are invalid. A summary of a proposal made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to conserve these names is given. The genus Edwardsia is defined and its known synonyms are given. A review of the published descriptions found of nominal Edwardsia species revealed many nomina nuda, nomina dubia, synonyms and homonyms. The remaining nomina clara comprize forty currently accepted nominal species, which are listed with their known synonyms and geographical distributions. The following nomenclatural changes are instituted: E. carlgreni nom. novo is proposed as a replacement name for E.
    [Show full text]
  • R on Anew British Sea Anemone. by T
    [ 880 ~ r On aNew British Sea Anemone. By T. A~ Stephenson, D.Se., Department of Zoology, University Oollege, London With 1 Figure in the Text. IT is a curious fact that the majority of the British anemones had been discovered by 1860, and that half of them, as listed at that date, had been established during a burst of energy on the part of Gosse and his collectingfriends. Gosseadded 28 speciesto the BritishFauna himself. It is still more surprising that since Gosse ceased work, no authentic new ones have been added, other than more or less offshore forms, with'the ex- ception of Sagartia luci()3,'and this species appears to have been imported from abroad. There is, however, an anemone which occurs on the Break- water and Pier at Plymouth, which has not yet been described. Dr. Allen tells me it has been on the Breakwater as long as he can remember, and to him I am indebted for the details of its habitat given further on. Whether it occurs elsewhere than in the Plymouth district and has been seen but mistaken for the young of Metridiurn dianthus, is as yet unknown. The anemone in question, which is the subject of this paper, is a small creature, bright orange or fawn in colour, and presenting at first sight some resemblance to. young specimens of certain colour-varieties of Metridium. When the two forms are observed carefully, however, and irnder heaJ:thy conditions, it becomes evident that they are perfectly distinct from each other; and a study of their anatomy bears out this fact.
    [Show full text]
  • SPECIAL PUBLICATION 6 the Effects of Marine Debris Caused by the Great Japan Tsunami of 2011
    PICES SPECIAL PUBLICATION 6 The Effects of Marine Debris Caused by the Great Japan Tsunami of 2011 Editors: Cathryn Clarke Murray, Thomas W. Therriault, Hideaki Maki, and Nancy Wallace Authors: Stephen Ambagis, Rebecca Barnard, Alexander Bychkov, Deborah A. Carlton, James T. Carlton, Miguel Castrence, Andrew Chang, John W. Chapman, Anne Chung, Kristine Davidson, Ruth DiMaria, Jonathan B. Geller, Reva Gillman, Jan Hafner, Gayle I. Hansen, Takeaki Hanyuda, Stacey Havard, Hirofumi Hinata, Vanessa Hodes, Atsuhiko Isobe, Shin’ichiro Kako, Masafumi Kamachi, Tomoya Kataoka, Hisatsugu Kato, Hiroshi Kawai, Erica Keppel, Kristen Larson, Lauran Liggan, Sandra Lindstrom, Sherry Lippiatt, Katrina Lohan, Amy MacFadyen, Hideaki Maki, Michelle Marraffini, Nikolai Maximenko, Megan I. McCuller, Amber Meadows, Jessica A. Miller, Kirsten Moy, Cathryn Clarke Murray, Brian Neilson, Jocelyn C. Nelson, Katherine Newcomer, Michio Otani, Gregory M. Ruiz, Danielle Scriven, Brian P. Steves, Thomas W. Therriault, Brianna Tracy, Nancy C. Treneman, Nancy Wallace, and Taichi Yonezawa. Technical Editor: Rosalie Rutka Please cite this publication as: The views expressed in this volume are those of the participating scientists. Contributions were edited for Clarke Murray, C., Therriault, T.W., Maki, H., and Wallace, N. brevity, relevance, language, and style and any errors that [Eds.] 2019. The Effects of Marine Debris Caused by the were introduced were done so inadvertently. Great Japan Tsunami of 2011, PICES Special Publication 6, 278 pp. Published by: Project Designer: North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) Lori Waters, Waters Biomedical Communications c/o Institute of Ocean Sciences Victoria, BC, Canada P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC, Canada V8L 4B2 Feedback: www.pices.int Comments on this volume are welcome and can be sent This publication is based on a report submitted to the via email to: [email protected] Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan, in June 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • CNIDARIA Corals, Medusae, Hydroids, Myxozoans
    FOUR Phylum CNIDARIA corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans STEPHEN D. CAIRNS, LISA-ANN GERSHWIN, FRED J. BROOK, PHILIP PUGH, ELLIOT W. Dawson, OscaR OcaÑA V., WILLEM VERvooRT, GARY WILLIAMS, JEANETTE E. Watson, DENNIS M. OPREsko, PETER SCHUCHERT, P. MICHAEL HINE, DENNIS P. GORDON, HAMISH J. CAMPBELL, ANTHONY J. WRIGHT, JUAN A. SÁNCHEZ, DAPHNE G. FAUTIN his ancient phylum of mostly marine organisms is best known for its contribution to geomorphological features, forming thousands of square Tkilometres of coral reefs in warm tropical waters. Their fossil remains contribute to some limestones. Cnidarians are also significant components of the plankton, where large medusae – popularly called jellyfish – and colonial forms like Portuguese man-of-war and stringy siphonophores prey on other organisms including small fish. Some of these species are justly feared by humans for their stings, which in some cases can be fatal. Certainly, most New Zealanders will have encountered cnidarians when rambling along beaches and fossicking in rock pools where sea anemones and diminutive bushy hydroids abound. In New Zealand’s fiords and in deeper water on seamounts, black corals and branching gorgonians can form veritable trees five metres high or more. In contrast, inland inhabitants of continental landmasses who have never, or rarely, seen an ocean or visited a seashore can hardly be impressed with the Cnidaria as a phylum – freshwater cnidarians are relatively few, restricted to tiny hydras, the branching hydroid Cordylophora, and rare medusae. Worldwide, there are about 10,000 described species, with perhaps half as many again undescribed. All cnidarians have nettle cells known as nematocysts (or cnidae – from the Greek, knide, a nettle), extraordinarily complex structures that are effectively invaginated coiled tubes within a cell.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Diadumene (Actiniaria: Diadumenidae) from the Subtropical Coast of Brazil
    Zootaxa 4021 (1): 156–168 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4021.1.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CDBF1C6B-C24E-4321-8699-F390339D0F30 A new species of Diadumene (Actiniaria: Diadumenidae) from the subtropical coast of Brazil JULIA S. BENETI1,3, SÉRGIO N. STAMPAR1,2, MAXIMILIANO M. MARONNA1, ANDRÉ CARRARA MORANDINI1 & FÁBIO LANG DA SILVEIRA1 1Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, BRAZIL 2Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis, Unesp - Univ Estadual Paulista, Assis, Av. Dom Antonio, 2100, Assis, 19806-900, BRAZIL 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Diadumene paranaensis n. sp., collected from the Yacht Club of Paranaguá (Paranaguá Bay, Paraná State, southern Bra- zil), is described as a new species of sea anemone, based on external and internal morphology, cnidome, and molecular data for 16S/CO3 mitochondrial DNA. This species is partially similar to D. cincta due to the presence of macrobasic p- amastigophores in the tentacles, but is distinguished by the cinclides arranged in longitudinal rows and microbasic p-amas- tigophores in the acontia. Key words: Cnidaria, Anthozoa, taxonomy, sea anemone, cnidae, South Atlantic Introduction Sea anemones are among the most familiar invertebrates of rocky shores and sand beaches in some regions of the Brazilian coast (Corrêa 1964; Pires et al. 1992; Zamponi et al. 1998; Castro et al. 1999). There are records of 42 species in the country (Fautin 2013), but this number is a small fraction of the 1,100 known species in the world (Fautin 2013), especially in light of the extensive (8,000 km) coastline of Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Interim Receiving Waters Monitoring Report
    POINT LOMA OCEAN OUTFALL MONTHLY RECEIVING WATERS INTERIM RECEIVING WATERS MONITORING REPORT FOR THE POINTM ONITORINGLOMA AND SOUTH R EPORTBAY OCEAN OUTFALLS POINT LOMA 2020 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT NPDES Permit No. CA0107409 SDRWQCB Order No. R9-2017-0007 APRIL 2021 Environmental Monitoring and Technical Services 2392 Kincaid Road x Mail Station 45A x San Diego, CA 92101 Tel (619) 758-2300 Fax (619) 758-2309 INTERIM RECEIVING WATERS MONITORING REPORT FOR THE POINT LOMA AND SOUTH BAY OCEAN OUTFALLS 2020 POINT LOMA WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (ORDER NO. R9-2017-0007; NPDES NO. CA0107409) SOUTH BAY WATER RECLAMATION PLANT (ORDER NO. R9-2013-0006 AS AMENDED; NPDES NO. CA0109045) SOUTH BAY INTERNATIONAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (ORDER NO. R9-2014-0009 AS AMENDED; NPDES NO. CA0108928) Prepared by: City of San Diego Ocean Monitoring Program Environmental Monitoring & Technical Services Division Ryan Kempster, Editor Ami Latker, Editor June 2021 Table of Contents Production Credits and Acknowledgements ...........................................................................ii Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................1 A. Latker, R. Kempster Chapter 1. General Introduction ............................................................................................3 A. Latker, R. Kempster Chapter 2. Water Quality .......................................................................................................15 S. Jaeger, A. Webb, R. Kempster,
    [Show full text]
  • Advice for Adaptive Environmental Management and Marine Biodiversity Enhancement Measures for Coastal
    Advice for Adaptive Environmental Management and Marine Biodiversity Enhancement Measures for Coastal Lagoon Developments Advice on Adaptive Management and Marine Biodiversity Enhancement Measures for Coastal Lagoon Developments Version 1.1 Advice for Adaptive Environmental Management, and Marine Biodiversity Enhancement Measures for Coastal Lagoon Developments Prepared by: MarineSpace Ltd and Associates MarineSpace Ltd Ocean Village Innovation Centre Ocean Way, Southampton SO14 3JZ Prepared for: Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru Maes y Ffynnon Penrhosgarnedd Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2DW i Advice on Adaptive Management and Marine Biodiversity Enhancement Measures for Coastal Lagoon Developments Version 1.1 About Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru/Natural Resources Wales Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru/Natural Resources Wales (henceforth referred to as NRW) is the organisation responsible for the work carried out by the three former organisations, the Countryside Council for Wales, Environment Agency Wales and Forestry Commission Wales. It is also responsible for some functions previously undertaken by Welsh Government. NRW’s purpose is to ensure that the natural resources of Wales are sustainably maintained, used and enhanced, now and in the future. NRW works for the communities of Wales to protect people and their homes as much as possible from environmental incidents like flooding and pollution. It provides opportunities for people to learn, use and benefit from Wales' natural resources. NRW staff work to support Wales' economy by enabling the sustainable use of natural resources to support jobs and enterprise. NRW helps businesses and developers to understand and consider environmental limits when they make important decisions. NRW works to maintain and improve the quality of the environment for everyone, working towards making the environment and Wales’ natural resources more resilient to climate change and other pressures.
    [Show full text]
  • Character Evolution in Light of Phylogenetic Analysis and Taxonomic Revision of the Zooxanthellate Sea Anemone Families Thalassianthidae and Aliciidae
    CHARACTER EVOLUTION IN LIGHT OF PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE ZOOXANTHELLATE SEA ANEMONE FAMILIES THALASSIANTHIDAE AND ALICIIDAE BY Copyright 2013 ANDREA L. CROWTHER Submitted to the graduate degree program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Daphne G. Fautin ________________________________ Paulyn Cartwright ________________________________ Marymegan Daly ________________________________ Kirsten Jensen ________________________________ William Dentler Date Defended: 25 January 2013 The Dissertation Committee for ANDREA L. CROWTHER certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: CHARACTER EVOLUTION IN LIGHT OF PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE ZOOXANTHELLATE SEA ANEMONE FAMILIES THALASSIANTHIDAE AND ALICIIDAE _________________________ Chairperson Daphne G. Fautin Date approved: 15 April 2013 ii ABSTRACT Aliciidae and Thalassianthidae look similar because they possess both morphological features of branched outgrowths and spherical defensive structures, and their identification can be confused because of their similarity. These sea anemones are involved in a symbiosis with zooxanthellae (intracellular photosynthetic algae), which is implicated in the evolution of these morphological structures to increase surface area available for zooxanthellae and to provide protection against predation. Both
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Among Sea Anemones: the First Comprehensive Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Order Actiniaria
    Hidden among Sea Anemones: The First Comprehensive Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Order Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) Reveals a Novel Group of Hexacorals Estefanı´a Rodrı´guez1*, Marcos S. Barbeitos2,3, Mercer R. Brugler1,2,4, Louise M. Crowley1, Alejandro Grajales1,4, Luciana Gusma˜o5, Verena Ha¨ussermann6, Abigail Reft7, Marymegan Daly8 1 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York, United States of America, 2 Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York, United States of America, 3 Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana´, Curitiba, Brazil, 4 Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York, United States of America, 5 Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, 6 Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Cato´lica de Valparaı´so, Valparaı´so, Chile, 7 Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, 8 Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America Abstract Sea anemones (order Actiniaria) are among the most diverse and successful members of the anthozoan subclass Hexacorallia, occupying benthic marine habitats across all depths and latitudes. Actiniaria comprises approximately 1,200 species of solitary and skeleton-less polyps and lacks any anatomical synapomorphy. Although monophyly is anticipated based on higher-level molecular phylogenies of Cnidaria, to date, monophyly has not been explicitly tested and at least some hypotheses on the diversification of Hexacorallia have suggested that actiniarians are para- or poly-phyletic.
    [Show full text]
  • Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from the Mexican Pacific
    Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 48New(5): 869 record-876 ,of 2020 Anthopleura radians from Mexico 869 DOI: 10.3856/vol48-issue5-fulltext-2418 Short Communication New record of Anthopleura radians Spano & Häussermann, 2017 (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from the Mexican Pacific 1,3 2,4 2 1 Aurora Vassallo-Avalos , Fabián H. Acuña , Ricardo González-Muñoz & Gerardo Rivas 1Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México 2Laboratorio de Biología de Cnidarios, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Mar del Plata, Argentina 3Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México 4Estación Científica Coiba (Coiba-AIP), Clayton, Panamá, República de Panamá Corresponding author: Gerardo Rivas ([email protected]) ABSTRACT. As part of a biodiversity study on intertidal invertebrates, several sea anemones from the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula were collected in June 2016. The taxonomic features of four specimens agree well with those of the species Anthopleura radians, a recently described sea anemone from northern Chile. This study is the first published report on this species outside the range of distribution documented in the original description, including new images of A. radians’ external and internal features and complete characterization of their cnidae. Differences between A. radians from other species of the genus reported from the eastern Pacific are also discussed. Keywords: Anthopleura radians; Actiniaria; sea anemone; intertidal; bentos; Baja California; México Sea anemones of genus Anthopleura Duchassaing de 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria : Including a Taxonomic Case Study of Oulactis Muscosa and Oulactis Mcmurrichi
    Southern Cross University ePublications@SCU Theses 2010 Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria : including a taxonomic case study of Oulactis muscosa and Oulactis mcmurrichi Michela Mitchell Southern Cross University Follow this and additional works at: https://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses Part of the Genetics Commons, Marine Biology Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, and the Zoology Commons Publication details Mitchell, M 2010, 'Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria : including a taxonomic case study of Oulactis muscosa and Oulactis mcmurrichi', MSc thesis, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW. Copyright M Mitchell 2010 ePublications@SCU is an electronic repository administered by Southern Cross University Library. Its goal is to capture and preserve the intellectual output of Southern Cross University authors and researchers, and to increase visibility and impact through open access to researchers around the world. For further information please contact [email protected]. Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria: including a taxonomic case study of Oulactis muscosa and Oulactis mcmurrichi Submitted by Michela Mitchell B. App. Sci. (Coastal Management) Hons. (SCU, 1997) Thesis submitted to fulfill the requirements of Masters by Research Southern Cross University February, 2010 I certify that the work presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, original, except as acknowledged in the text, and that the material has not been submitted, either in whole or in part, for a degree at this or any other university. I acknowledge that I have read and understood the University’s rules, requirements, procedures and policy relating to my higher degree research award and to my thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Mixotrophic Chemosynthesis in a Deep-Sea Anemone from Hydrothermal Vents in the Pescadero Basin, Gulf of California Shana K
    Goffredi et al. BMC Biology (2021) 19:8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-020-00921-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Mixotrophic chemosynthesis in a deep-sea anemone from hydrothermal vents in the Pescadero Basin, Gulf of California Shana K. Goffredi1* , Cambrie Motooka1, David A. Fike2, Luciana C. Gusmão3, Ekin Tilic4, Greg W. Rouse5 and Estefanía Rodríguez3 Abstract Background: Numerous deep-sea invertebrates, at both hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, have formed symbiotic associations with internal chemosynthetic bacteria in order to harness inorganic energy sources typically unavailable to animals. Despite success in nearly all marine habitats and their well-known associations with photosynthetic symbionts, Cnidaria remain one of the only phyla present in the deep-sea without a clearly documented example of dependence on chemosynthetic symbionts. Results: A new chemosynthetic symbiosis between the sea anemone Ostiactis pearseae and intracellular bacteria was discovered at ~ 3700 m deep hydrothermal vents in the southern Pescadero Basin, Gulf of California. Unlike most sea anemones observed from chemically reduced habitats, this species was observed in and amongst vigorously venting fluids, side-by-side with the chemosynthetic tubeworm Oasisia aff. alvinae. Individuals of O. pearseae displayed carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur tissue isotope values suggestive of a nutritional strategy distinct from the suspension feeding or prey capture conventionally employed by sea anemones. Molecular and microscopic evidence confirmed the presence of intracellular SUP05-related bacteria housed in the tentacle epidermis of O. pearseae specimens collected from 5 hydrothermally active structures within two vent fields ~ 2 km apart. SUP05 bacteria (Thioglobaceae) dominated the O. pearseae bacterial community, but were not recovered from other nearby anemones, and were generally rare in the surrounding water.
    [Show full text]