DOCSLIB.ORG

A Thesis Entitled a Supervised Machine Learning Approach Using

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Thesis Entitled a Supervised Machine Learning Approach Using A Thesis entitled A Supervised Machine Learning Approach Using Object-Oriented Programming Principles by Merl J. Creps Jr Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters of Science Degree in Computer Science and Engineering Dr. Jared Oluoch, Committee Chair Dr. Weiqing Sun, Committee Member Dr. Henry Ledgard, Committee Member Dr. Amanda C. Bryant-Friedrich, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo May 2018 Copyright 2018, Merl J. Creps Jr This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of A Supervised Machine Learning Approach Using Object-Oriented Programming Principles by Merl J. Creps Jr Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters of Science Degree in Computer Science and Engineering The University of Toledo May 2018 Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) can be defined as a collection of interconnected layers, neurons and weighted connections. Each layer is connected to the previous layer by weighted connections that couple each neuron in a layer to the next neuron in the adjacent layer. An ANN resembles a human brain with multiple interconnected synapses which allow for the signal to easily flow from one neuron to the next. There are two distinct constructs which an ANN can assume; they can be thought of as Supervised and Unsupervised networks. Supervised neural networks have known outcomes while Unsupervised neural networks have unknown outcomes. This thesis will primarily focus on Supervised neural networks. The contributions of this thesis are two-fold. One, it offers a comprehensive study of Object-oriented Programming (OOP) design principles that have been employed to design ANNs. Two, it designs and implements a scalable OOP solution to ANNs. The ANN solution presented in this thesis provides an efficient and accurate statistical prediction model. A Multi-layer feed-forward neural network using back-propagation is used to demonstrate OOP design techniques. The neural network consists of three layers: one input layer, one hidden layer, and one output layer. The input layer consists of two neurons; the hidden layer consists of three neurons; while the output layer consists of one neutron. The neural network utilizes the Sigmoid function as iii the activation function so that all data points are normalized to values between [0,1]. Compared to two existing models (Encog and Neuroph), the approach in this work produces a more accurate prediction. iv To my family for their love, support and endless dedication and also in the loving memory of my mother Carol Creps. Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my advisor Dr. Jared Oluoch for the guidance, patience, motivation and support he provided during the course of my graduate studies. I would like to thank Dr. Henry Ledgard for the encouragement to purse my graduate studies, and Dr. Weiqing Sun for all the support and guidance that he provided during my studies. I would also like to extend a special thank you to Linda Beal, Richard Springman, Myrna Rudder and Christie Hennen for the exceptional dedication to student success and mentorship that they graciously and willingly provided during my graduate studies. Secondly, I would like to thank the College of Engineering at The University of Toledo for providing me access to the equipment, laboratory, and supplies that were required for my research. Most importantly, I would like to thank my wife who has supported me throughout this entire journey. Along with my wife, I would like to thank my children for their understanding and support. Finally, I would like to thank my mother and father for their unwavering love and support. vi Contents Abstract iii Acknowledgments vi Contents vii List of Tables xi List of Figures xii List of Abbreviations xiii List of Symbols xiv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Inheritance . 2 1.2 Polymorphism . 2 1.2.1 Static or Compile-time Polymorphism . 3 1.2.2 Dynamic Polymorphism . 4 1.3 Encapsulation . 5 1.3.1 Access Modifiers . 8 1.3.2 Public Access Modifier . 9 1.3.2.1 Protected Access Modifier . 10 1.3.2.2 Default Access Modifier . 10 1.3.2.3 Private Access Modifier . 11 vii 1.4 Abstraction . 12 1.4.1 Objects . 13 1.4.2 Classes . 13 1.5 Neural Network Using Back-propagation . 15 1.5.1 Back-propagation with Object-oriented Programming . 16 1.6 Other Object-oriented Programming Approaches for Artificial Neural Networks . 18 1.7 OOP Neural Network Tools . 19 2 Proposed Object-oriented Programming Solution for Artificial Neu- ral Networks 21 2.1 Artificial Neural Network . 23 2.2 Supervised Learning . 24 2.3 Unsupervised Learning . 24 2.4 Multilayer Perceptron . 24 2.4.1 Classifier . 25 2.4.2 Input Layer . 26 2.4.3 Hidden Layer . 26 2.4.4 Output Layer . 27 2.5 Activation Function . 27 2.5.1 Sigmoid Function . 27 2.5.2 tanH Function . 29 2.5.3 Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) Function . 30 2.5.4 Leaky ReLU Function . 31 2.6 Gradient . 32 2.7 Back-propagation . 33 2.7.1 Problem Definition . 33 viii 2.8 Neural Network Forwardfeed General Notations . 34 2.9 Backpropagation Algorithm . 35 2.10 Feedforward ANN with Back-propagation Illustration . 37 2.10.1 Incoming Hidden Layer Calculations . 38 2.10.2 Applying f(x) . 39 2.10.3 Hidden Layer Sum of Products . 39 2.10.4 Apply Activation Function . 39 2.10.5 Compute Output Margin of Error . 39 2.10.6 Compute the Rate of Change . 40 2.10.7 Compute Delta Output Weight Changes . 40 2.10.8 Compute Delta Hidden Sum . 40 2.10.9 Calculate Hidden Layer Incoming Weight Changes . 40 2.10.10 Update Incoming Hidden Layer Weights . 41 2.11 Contributions . 42 3 Results 49 3.1 Framework Setup . 49 3.1.1 Learning Rate vs MSE . 50 3.1.2 Sample Size vs MSE . 51 3.1.3 Max Error vs MSE . 51 3.1.4 Pseudo-code . 52 4 Conclusion and Future Work 54 References 57 A Artificial Neural Network Java Code 64 B Activation Function Interface and Implementation 68 ix C Neuron Utility Class 73 D Display Utility Class 75 x List of Tables 1.1 Encapsulation Access Modifiers . 9 xi List of Figures 1-1 Object Orientated Programming Concepts . 2 1-2 Unified Modeling Language Diagram of OOP . 12 1-3 Neural Network Model for XOR gate . 16 2-1 Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network Model . 25 2-2 Linear Separability . 26 2-3 Non-linear Separable . 26 2-4 Sigmoid non-linearity squashes numbers to range between [0,1] . 28 2-5 tanh non-linearity squashes real numbers to range between [-1,1] . 29 2-6 Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function, which is zero when x < 0 and then linear with slope 1 when x > 0 . 30 2-7 A plot indicating the 6x improvement in convergence with the ReLU unit compared to the tanh unit. 31 2-8 Gradient Decent . 32 2-9 XOR Neural Network with weighted connections, for input [1,1] . 42 3-1 Learning Rate vs MSE . 50 3-2 Sample Size vs MSE . 51 3-3 Maximum Error vs MSE . 53 xii List of Abbreviations ANN . Artificial Neural Network DeeBNet . Deep Belief Networks DT . Decision Trees GRNN . General Regression Neural Network GUI . Graphical User Interface HDOD . High Dimension Omics Data LM . Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm LVM . Latent Variable Models MLP . Multilayer Perceptron (target−actual)2 MSE . Mean Squared Error MSE = datapoints NN . Neural Network NPC . Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma OOP . Object-oriented Programming POJO . Plain Old Java Object QP . Quick Propagation SOM . Self-Organizing Map SVM . Support Vector Machine ReLU . Rectified Linear Unit RP . Resilient Propagation ROI . Return on Investment TTM . Time to Market UML . Unified Modeling Language xiii List of Symbols f(x) . A relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs f0(x) . The derivation of a given function with respects to x xiv Chapter 1 Introduction Object-oriented Programming (OOP) is a software design paradigm that utilizes objects to produce meaningful programs. The programs are organized by classes, which specify the behaviour and properties of objects. These behaviour, known as methods, control the actions of the program. Figure 1-1, is a visual representation of the OOP concepts. An Object-oriented program is organized in classes, and one class can have multiple objects. Objects are entities in the real world that can be distinctly identified; for example a smart phone, car, pen, table, and so on. A class is the building block for creating objects of the same type [1]. Figure 1-2 illustrates the relationship between OOP concepts. Consider a cow class. A cow has many objects: legs, eyes, and mouth. A cow class can manipulate its various objects to produce some kind of behavior. This behavior is a method. For instance, a cow class can use the mouth object to make a sound (moo); the eyes objects to see; and the legs objects to walk. The three design principles that undergird OOP are inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. Figure 1-1 illustrates these features. These features of OOP can be exploited to build Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). 1 Figure 1-1: Object Orientated Programming Concepts 1.1 Inheritance Inheritance is a feature in OOP that makes it possible for a child class or sub-class to take over the attributes and methods of its parent class without having to create an entirely new class. The child class inherits common or generalized features from the parent class but also makes its own specialized features.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Identification of Activities of Daily Living Through Data Fusion on Motion and Magnetic Sensors Embedded on Mobile Devices
    Identification of Activities of Daily Living through Data Fusion on Motion and Magnetic Sensors embedded on Mobile Devices Ivan Miguel Pires1,2,3, Nuno M. Garcia1, Nuno Pombo1, Francisco Flórez-Revuelta4, Susanna Spinsante5 and Maria Canavarro Teixeira6,7 1Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal 2Altranportugal, Lisbon, Portugal 3ALLab - Assisted Living Computing and Telecommunications Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal 4Department of Computer Technology, Universidad de Alicante, Spain 5Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy 6UTC de Recursos Naturais e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Polytechnique Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal 7CERNAS - Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Polytechnique Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Several types of sensors have been available in off-the-shelf mobile devices, including motion, magnetic, vision, acoustic, and location sensors. This paper focuses on the fusion of the data acquired from motion and magnetic sensors, i.e., accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer sensors, for the recognition of Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Based on pattern recognition techniques, the system developed in this study includes data acquisition, data processing, data fusion, and classification methods like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Multiple settings of the ANN were implemented and evaluated in which the best accuracy obtained, with Deep Neural Networks (DNN), was 89.51%. This novel approach applies L2 regularization and normalization techniques on the sensors’ data proved it suitability and reliability for the ADL recognition. Keywords: Mobile devices sensors; sensor data fusion; artificial neural networks; identification of activities of daily living.
    [Show full text]
  • Artificial Neural Networks
    ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS: A REVIEW OF TRAINING TOOLS Darío Baptista, Fernando Morgado-Dias Madeira Interactive Technologies Institute and Centro de Competências de Ciências Exactas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira Campus da Penteada, 9000-039 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. Tel:+351 291-705150/1, Fax: +351 291-705199 Abstract: Artificial Neural Networks became a common solution for a wide variety of problems in many fields. The most frequent solution for its implementation consists of building and training the Artificial Neural Network within a computer. For implementing a network in an efficient way, the user can access a large choice of software solutions either commercial or prototypes. Choosing the most convenient solution for the application according to the network architecture, training algorithm, operating system and price can be a complex task. This paper helps the Artificial Neural Network user by providing a large list of solution available and explaining their characteristics and terms of use. The paper is confined to reporting the software products that have been developed for Artificial Neural Networks. The features considered important for this kind of software to have in order to accommodate its users effectively are specified. The development of software that implements Artificial Neural is a rapidly growing field driven by strong research interests as well as urgent practical, economical and social needs. Copyright CONTROLO2012 Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks, Training Tools, Training Algorithms, Software. 1. INTRODUCTION commercialization of new ANN tools. With the purpose to inform which tools are available at present Nowadays, in different areas, it is important to and make the choice of which tool to use, this paper analyse nonlinear data to do prediction, classification contains the description of software that has been or to build models.
    [Show full text]
  • Programming Neural Networks with Encog3 in Java
    Programming Neural Networks with Encog3 in Java Programming Neural Networks with Encog3 in Java Jeff Heaton Heaton Research, Inc. St. Louis, MO, USA v Publisher: Heaton Research, Inc Programming Neural Networks with Encog 3 in Java First Printing October, 2011 Author: Jeff Heaton Editor: WordsRU.com Cover Art: Carrie Spear ISBN’s for all Editions: 978-1-60439-021-6, Softcover 978-1-60439-022-3, PDF 978-1-60439-023-0, LIT 978-1-60439-024-7, Nook 978-1-60439-025-4, Kindle Copyright ©2011 by Heaton Research Inc., 1734 Clarkson Rd. #107, Chester- field, MO 63017-4976. World rights reserved. The author(s) created reusable code in this publication expressly for reuse by readers. Heaton Research, Inc. grants readers permission to reuse the code found in this publication or down- loaded from our website so long as (author(s)) are attributed in any application containing the reusable code and the source code itself is never redistributed, posted online by electronic transmission, sold or commercially exploited as a stand-alone product. Aside from this specific exception concerning reusable code, no part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, trans- mitted, or reproduced in any way, including, but not limited to photo copy, photograph, magnetic, or other record, without prior agreement and written permission of the publisher. Heaton Research, Encog, the Encog Logo and the Heaton Research logo are all trademarks of Heaton Research, Inc., in the United States and/or other countries. TRADEMARKS: Heaton Research has attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms by following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimization of Neural Network Architecture for Biomechanic Classification Tasks with Electromyogram Inputs
    International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA), Vol. 7, No. 5, September 2016 OPTIMIZATION OF NEURAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE FOR BIOMECHANIC CLASSIFICATION TASKS WITH ELECTROMYOGRAM INPUTS Alayna Kennedy 1 and Rory Lewis 2 1 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 2 Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, USA ABSTRACT Electromyogram signals (EMGs) contain valuable information that can be used in man-machine interfacing between human users and myoelectric prosthetic devices. However, EMG signals are complicated and prove difficult to analyze due to physiological noise and other issues. Computational intelligence and machine learning techniques, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), serve as powerful tools for analyzing EMG signals and creating optimal myoelectric control schemes for prostheses. This research examines the performance of four different neural network architectures (feedforward, recurrent, counter propagation, and self organizing map) that were tasked with classifying walking speed when given EMG inputs from 14 different leg muscles. Experiments conducted on the data set suggest that self organizing map neural networks are capable of classifying walking speed with greater than 99% accuracy. KEYWORDS Electromyogram, Prostheses, Neural Networks, Biomechanical Analysis, Machine Learning, Myoelectric Control Schemes, Self Organizing Maps, Pattern Recognition Algorithms 1. INTRODUCTION Assistive prosthetic devices commonly use a myoelectric control scheme, which adjusts the function of a prosthetic device given electromyogram (EMG) inputs, and which has been proven an effective method of man-machine interfacing between user and prosthetic [1]-[4]. However, despite the significant development of the prosthetic industry over the past decade, high-accuracy commercial prostheses remain too expensive for the average middle-class amputee to afford [5], [6].
    [Show full text]
  • Detecting Simulated Attacks in Computer Networks Using Resilient Propagation Artificial Neural Networks
    ISSN 2395-8618 Detecting Simulated Attacks in Computer Networks Using Resilient Propagation Artificial Neural Networks Mario A. Garcia and Tung Trinh Abstract—In a large network, it is extremely difficult for an (Unsupervised Neural Network can detect attacks without administrator or security personnel to detect which computers training.) There are several training algorithms to train neural are being attacked and from where intrusions come. Intrusion networks such as back propagation, the Manhattan update detection systems using neural networks have been deemed a rule, Quick propagation, or Resilient propagation. promising solution to detect such attacks. The reason is that This research describes a solution of applying resilient neural networks have some advantages such as learning from training and being able to categorize data. Many studies have propagation artificial neural networks to detect simulated been done on applying neural networks in intrusion detection attacks in computer networks. The resilient propagation is a systems. This work presents a study of applying resilient supervised training algorithm. The term “supervised” propagation neural networks to detect simulated attacks. The indicates that the neural networks are trained with expected approach includes two main components: the Data Pre- output. The resilient propagation algorithm is considered an processing module and the Neural Network. The Data Pre- efficient training algorithm because it does not require any processing module performs normalizing data function while the parameter setting before being used [14]. In other words, Neural Network processes and categorizes each connection to learning rates or update constants do not need to be computed. find out attacks. The results produced by this approach are The approach is tested on eight neural network configurations compared with present approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis of Simulators for Neural Networks Joone and Neuroph
    COMPUTER MODELLING & NEW TECHNOLOGIES 2016 20(1) 16-20 Zdravkova E, Nenkov N Comparative analysis of simulators for neural networks Joone and NeuroPh E Zdravkova, N Nenkov* Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Shumen “Episkop Konstantin Preslavsky” 115, Universitetska St., Shumen 9712, Bulgaria *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Received 1 March 2016, www.cmnt.lv Abstract Keywords: This paper describes a comparative analysis of two simulator neural networks - Joone and NeuroPh. Both neural network simulators are object-oriented and java - based. The analysis seeks to show how much these two simulators neural network simulator are similar and how different in their characteristics, what neural networks is suitable to be made through logical function exclusive OR them, what are their advantages and disadvantages, how they can be used interchangeably to give certain neural network architecture desired result. For the purpose of comparative analysis of both the simulator will be realized logic function, which is not among the standard, and relatively complex and is selected as a combination of several standard logical operations. 1 Introduction 2 Methodology Both the simulator selected for the study are Java - based To be tested and analyzed both the simulator will realize and object - oriented simulators. The used simulators are logical function, and which is relatively complex and is not Joone 4.5.2 and NeuroPh 2.92. Joone is object - oriented among the standard. The generated neural network calculate frameworks allows to build different types of neural the result of the following logical function: networks. It is built on combining elements which can also (((( A XOR B) AND C) OR D) ((((E XOR F) AND G) OR be expanded to build new training algorithms and archi- H)) I)) AND ((( J XOR K)(L XOR M)) OR (N O)) tecttures for neural networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Fusion on Motion and Magnetic Sensors Embedded on Mobile Devices for the Identification of Activities of Daily Living
    Data Fusion on Motion and Magnetic Sensors embedded on Mobile Devices for the Identification of Activities of Daily Living Ivan Miguel Pires1,2,3, Nuno M. Garcia1,3,4, Nuno Pombo1,3,4 , Francisco Flórez-Revuelta5 and Susanna Spinsante6 1Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal 2Altranportugal, Lisbon, Portugal 3ALLab - Assisted Living Computing and Telecommunications Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal 4Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal 5Department of Computer Technology, Universidad de Alicante, Spain 6Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy i mpires @it.ubi.pt, ngarcia @di. ubi.pt, ngpombo@di. ubi.pt, francisco.florez @ua.es, s.spinsante @univpm.it Abstract Several types of sensors have been available in off-the-shelf mobile devices, including motion, magnetic, vision, acoustic, and location sensors. This paper focuses on the fusion of the data acquired from motion and magnetic sensors, i.e., accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer sensors, for the recognition of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) using pattern recognition techniques. The system developed in this study includes data acquisition, data processing, data fusion, and artificial intelligence methods. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are included in artificial intelligence methods, which are used in this study for the recognition of ADL. The purpose of this study is the creation of a new method using ANN for the identification of ADL, comparing three types of ANN, in order to achieve results with a reliable accuracy. The best accuracy was obtained with Deep Learning, which, after the application of the L2 regularization and normalization techniques on the sensors’ data, reports an accuracy of 89.51%.
    [Show full text]
  • Programming Neural Networks with Encog3 in C
    Programming Neural Networks with Encog3 in C# Programming Neural Networks with Encog3 in C# Jeff Heaton Heaton Research, Inc. St. Louis, MO, USA v Publisher: Heaton Research, Inc Programming Neural Networks with Encog 3 in C# First printing October, 2011 Author: Jeff Heaton Editor: WordsRU.com Cover Art: Carrie Spear ISBN’s for all Editions: 978-1-60439-026-1, PAPER 978-1-60439-027-8, PDF 978-1-60439-029-2, NOOK 978-1-60439-030-8, KINDLE Copyright ©2011 by Heaton Research Inc., 1734 Clarkson Rd. #107, Chester- field, MO 63017-4976. World rights reserved. The author(s) created reusable code in this publication expressly for reuse by readers. Heaton Research, Inc. grants readers permission to reuse the code found in this publication or down- loaded from our website so long as (author(s)) are attributed in any application containing the reusable code and the source code itself is never redistributed, posted online by electronic transmission, sold or commercially exploited as a stand-alone product. Aside from this specific exception concerning reusable code, no part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, trans- mitted, or reproduced in any way, including, but not limited to photo copy, photograph, magnetic, or other record, without prior agreement and written permission of the publisher. Heaton Research, Encog, the Encog Logo and the Heaton Research logo are all trademarks of Heaton Research, Inc., in the United States and/or other countries. TRADEMARKS: Heaton Research has attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms by following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation Solutions for Deep Learning Neural Networks Targeting Various Application Fields
    JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION SOLUTIONS FOR DEEP LEARNING NEURAL NETWORKS TARGETING VARIOUS APPLICATION FIELDS Dana-Mihaela Petroşanu 1* Alexandru Pîrjan 2 ABSTRACT In this paper, we tackle important topics related to deep learning neural networks and their undisputed usefulness in solving a great variety of applications ranging from image and voice recognition to business related fields where they have the potential to bring significant financial benefits. The implementations and scale sizes of deep learning neural networks are influenced by the requirements of the developed artificial intelligence (AI) applications. We are focusing our research on certain application fields that are most suitable to benefit from the deep learning optimized implementations. We have analyzed and compared the most popular deep learning libraries available today. Of particular interest was to identify and analyze specific features that must be taken into account for in accordance with the tasks that have to be solved. KEYWORDS: Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning Libraries. 1. INTRODUCTION The concept of deep learning has existed for a long period of time, being called in different ways, according to different perspectives and moments in time. In the last years, the amount of data has increased significantly, more and more data being possible to be used in the training process of artificial neural networks (ANNs), thus increasing the usefulness and applicability of the deep learning concept. The evolution of the parallel hardware architectures has made it possible to develop complex deep learning structures having huge numbers of processing elements (neurons). Therefore, deep learning models have evolved along with the computational resources, becoming able to tackle successfully complex problems with a high level of accuracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Normas Para Redação Do Trabalho Completo
    Rio de Janeiro, v.6, n.2, p. 299-317, maio a agosto de 2014 DECISÃO COM REDES NEURAIS ARTIFICIAIS EM MODELOS DE SIMULAÇÃO A EVENTOS DISCRETOS Marília Gonçalves Dutra da Silvaab, Joao Jose de Assis Rangela*, David Vasconcelos Corrêa da Silvaab, Túlio Almeida Peixotoa, Ítalo de Oliveira Matiasa aUniversidade Candido Mendes – UCAM, Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ, Brasil bInstituto Federal Fluminense – IFF, Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ, Brasil Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar frameworks para aplicação de redes neurais artificiais acoplados a modelos de simulação a eventos discretos com o software Ururau. A análise está centrada em encontrar mecanismos que possibilitem a realização de decisões através de outros algoritmos integrados ao código do modelo de simulação. Na literatura atual, há pouca citação de como aplicar algum tipo de inteligência computacional a partes do código de um modelo, que necessite refletir comportamentos de ações com aspectos de maior complexidade, como ações de pessoas em uma parte do processo. Por outro lado, muitos softwares de simulação permitem a customização dos modelos através de algoritmos que podem ser integrados aos modelos. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a utilização do framework ENCOG se mostrou adequado para a criação das redes neurais artificiais, sem apresentar erros de funcionamento e incompatibilidades com o código do software Ururau. Além disso, o trabalho permite que as pessoas interessadas em compreender esta estrutura possam visualizá-la diretamente no código do modelo proposto. Palavras-chave: Ururau, Redes Neurais Artificiais, ENCOG, Decisão. Abstract The objective of this study is to evaluate frameworks for the application of artificial neural networks linked to models of discrete event simulation with the Ururau software.
    [Show full text]
  • Automated Feature Engineering for Deep Neural Networks with Genetic Programming
    Automated Feature Engineering for Deep Neural Networks with Genetic Programming by Jeff Heaton A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science College of Engineering and Computing Nova Southeastern University 2017 ProQuest Number:10259604 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 10259604 Published by ProQuest LLC ( 2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 We hereby certify that this dissertation, submitted by Jeff Heaton, conforms to acceptable standards and is fully adequate in scope and quality to fulfill the dissertation requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _____________________________________________ ________________ James D. Cannady, Ph.D. Date Chairperson of Dissertation Committee _____________________________________________ ________________ Sumitra Mukherjee, Ph.D. Date Dissertation Committee Member _____________________________________________ ________________ Paul Cerkez, Ph.D. Date
    [Show full text]
  • Automated Feature Engineering for Deep Neural Networks with Genetic Programming
    Automated Feature Engineering for Deep Neural Networks with Genetic Programming by Jeff Heaton A dissertation proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science College of Engineering and Computing Nova Southeastern University 2016 ii An Abstract of a Dissertation Proposal Submitted to Nova Southeastern University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Automated Feature Engineering for Deep Neural Networks with Genetic Programming by Jeff Heaton 2016 Feature engineering is a process that augments the feature vector of a predictive model with calculated values that are designed to enhance the accuracy of the model’s predictions. Research has shown that the accuracy of models such as deep neural networks, support vector machines, and tree/forest-based algorithms sometimes benefit from feature engineering. Expressions that combine one or more of the original features usually create these engineered features. The choice of the exact structure of an engineered feature is dependent on the type of machine learning model in use. Previous research demonstrated that various model families benefit from different types of engineered feature. Random forests, gradient boosting machines, or other tree-based models might not see the same accuracy gain that an engineered feature allowed neural networks, generalized linear models, or other dot-product based models to achieve on the same data set. The proposed dissertation seeks to create a genetic programming-based algorithm to automatically engineer features that might increase the accuracy of deep neural networks. For a genetic programming algorithm to be effective, it must prioritize the search space and efficiently evaluate what it finds.
    [Show full text]