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Open Access Publications S of Publication and electronic format and by any other mean right exclusive the has Publisher Polimetrica for profit. or purposes commercial for work the of contents the of use not allow License B” gives anyone the possibility to di is made av and sold is not The electronic edition of this book s of publication. Additional rights on the cont stribute the contents of work,stribute provide ailable in free access. Every c d that the authors of the work and p ents of the work are the author’s pro ontribution is published according ontribution is published Open Access Publications to the terms of “Polimetrica License B”. “Polimetrica “Polimetrica B”. License “Polimetrica of terms to the ublisher are always recogni perty. to publish and sell the contents of the work in paper in paper work the of contents the sell and to publish sed and mentioned. It does and electronic format and by any other mean right exclusive the has Publisher Polimetrica for profit. or purposes commercial for work the of contents the of use not allow License B” gives anyone the possibility to di is made av and sold is not The electronic edition of this book s of publication. Additional rights on the cont stribute the contents of work,stribute provide ailable in free access. Every c d that the authors of the work and p ents of the work are the author’s pro ontribution is published according ontribution is published to the terms of “Polimetrica License B”. “Polimetrica “Polimetrica B”. License “Polimetrica of terms to the ublisher are always recogni perty. to publish and sell the contents of the work in paper in paper work the of contents the sell and to publish sed and mentioned. It does and electronic format and by any other mean right exclusive the has Publisher Polimetrica for profit. or purposes commercial for work the of contents the of use not allow License B” gives anyone the possibility to di is made av and sold is not The electronic edition of this book s of publication. Additional rights on the cont stribute the contents of work,stribute provide ailable in free access. Every c d that the authors of the work and p ents of the work are the author’s pro ontribution is published according ontribution is published UBLISHER P to the terms of “Polimetrica License B”. “Polimetrica “Polimetrica B”. License “Polimetrica of terms to the ublisher are always recogni perty. to publish and sell the contents of the work in paper in paper work the of contents the sell and to publish CIENTIFIC S Editor Paolo Valore Polimetrica Topics on sed and mentioned. It does NTERNATIONAL I General and Formal Ontology and electronic format and by any other mean right exclusive the has Publisher Polimetrica for profit. or purposes commercial for work the of contents the of use not allow License B” gives anyone the possibility to di is made av and sold is not The electronic edition of this book s of publication. Additional rights on the cont stribute the contents of work,stribute provide ailable in free access. Every c 2006 Polimetrica ® S.a.s. d that the authors of the work and p Corso Milano, 26 ents of the work are the author’s pro ontribution is published according ontribution is published 20052 Monza - Milan - Italy Phone ++39/0392301829 Web site: www.polimetrica.com Cover design by Arch. Diego Recalcati ISBN 88-7699-028-3 Printed Edition to the terms of “Polimetrica License B”. “Polimetrica “Polimetrica B”. License “Polimetrica of terms to the ublisher are always recogni perty. to publish and sell the contents of the work in paper in paper work the of contents the sell and to publish ISBN 88-7699-029-1 Electronic Edition The electronic edition of this book is not sold and is made available in free access. Every contribution is published according to the terms of “Polimetrica License B”. “Polimetrica License B” gives anyone the possibility to distribute the contents of the work, provided that the authors of the work and the publisher are always recognised sed and mentioned. It does and mentioned. It does not allow use of the contents of the work for commercial purposes or for profit. Polimetrica Publisher has the exclusive right to publish and sell the contents of the work in paper and electronic format and by any other means of publication. Additional rights on the contents of the work are the author’s property. 5 Table of Contents and electronic format and by any other mean right exclusive the has Publisher Polimetrica for profit. or purposes commercial for work the of contents the of use not allow License B” gives anyone the possibility to di is made av and sold is not The electronic edition of this book Paolo Valore General and Formal Ontology ......................................................................................11 Brian Ellis s of publication. Additional rights on the cont stribute the contents of work,stribute provide Constructing an Ontology .............................................................................................15 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................15 ailable in free access. Every c 2. The Problem of Objective Knowledge .................................................................18 3. Keeping Ontological and Epistemological Issues Apart.......................................21 4. Ontological Questions are not Semantic Either....................................................22 5. Truthmakers for the Current Scientific Image of the World.................................24 d that the authors of the work and p ents of the work are the author’s pro ontribution is published according ontribution is published Henry Laycock Variables, Generality and Existence: Considerations on the Notion of a Concept-Script.......................................................................................................27 1. Ontology and concept-script.................................................................................27 2. Two great semantic categories..............................................................................29 3. Continuity and discreteness ..................................................................................32 to the terms of “Polimetrica License B”. “Polimetrica “Polimetrica B”. License “Polimetrica of terms to the ublisher are always recogni perty. to publish and sell the contents of the work in paper in paper work the of contents the sell and to publish 4. The essential non-singularity of quantified non-count sentences .........................34 5. The essential non-singularity of non-count reference...........................................38 6. Non-singularity as singular...................................................................................41 7. Non-singular variables..........................................................................................46 8. The essential singularity of concept-script ...........................................................49 sed and mentioned. It does Lidia Obojska Primary Relations and a Non-Standard Form of Identity .............................................53 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................53 2. Mereology.............................................................................................................54 3. Relations and Qualities.........................................................................................56 4. Non-standard identity ...........................................................................................59 5. Application ...........................................................................................................60 6. Conclusions ..........................................................................................................64 Paolo Valore (ed.) Topics on General and Formal Ontology ©2006 Polimetrica International Scientific Publisher Monza/Italy 6 Table of Contents Paolo Valore Some Ontological Remarks on the Maxim of Identification of Indiscernibles ..............67 and electronic format and by any other mean right exclusive the has Publisher Polimetrica for profit. or purposes commercial for work the of contents the of use not allow License B” gives anyone the possibility to di is made av and sold is not The electronic edition of this book 1. Initial problems.....................................................................................................67 2. Aim of this paper ..................................................................................................69 3. Thing and representation ......................................................................................69 4. Essence .................................................................................................................70 5. “De dicto” necessity and “de re” necessity...........................................................71 6. Identification in contexts of discourse..................................................................72 7. Exemplification: sociology and prepositional logic .............................................73 8. Some general considerations ................................................................................73 s of publication. Additional rights on the cont stribute the contents of work,stribute provide 9. Token Identity vs Type Identity ...........................................................................74 10. Narrow Identity vs Wide Identity .......................................................................74
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