Participatory District Planning a Process Description for Facilitators

PARTICIPATORY DISTRICT PLANNING A PROCESS DESCRIPTION FOR FACILITATORS

Ministry of Regional Development and Construction Regional Development Agency North Regional Development Agency South Regional Development Agency Centre CZU: 316.77 H 53 CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY ...... 6 1. PREFACE...... 7 2. ABOUT THIS PROCESS DESCRIPTION...... 8 2.1 Purpose and Scope ...... 8 2.2 Framework for the Facilitation of a Participatory SEDS Updating Approach...... 8 Design & cover: Andrei Ichim 2.3 Alignment with the National Framework ...... 10 2.4 A Guide to the Reader...... 11 3. PREPARATORY PHASE: GETTING STARTED...... 14 3.1 Building the Facilitation Team...... 14 3.2 Monitoring of the Strategic Planning Process...... 15 3.3 Involving all Relevant Stakeholders ...... 17 Descrierea CIP a Camerei Naţionale a Cărţii 3.4 Collecting Data and Analysing the Situation ...... 19 Participatory District Planning: A Process Description for STRATEGIC PHASE...... 23 Facilitators / Melanie Hernandez-Sanchez. - Ch.: S. n., 4. 2013 (Tipogr. “Bons Offices”). - 192 p. 1000 ex. 4.1 Setting Objectives and Priorities...... 23 ISBN 978-9975-80-412-7 4.2 Introduction to the Participatory Definition of Rayon Priorities...... 24 4.3 Selecting Round Table Participants...... 26 4.4 Understanding the Purpose of Stakeholder Dialogues...... 28 4.5 Checklist for Round Table Preparation...... 29 4.6 Round Table 1 – Getting Started...... 30 4.7 Round Table 2 – Defining Rayon Priorities...... 34 This publication was developed with the support of the 4.8 Between Round Table 2 and 3 – Making Rayon Priorities Measurable...... 37 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit 4.9 Round Table 3 – Completing the Ranking Matrix...... 38 (GIZ) GmbH, in the framework of the project “Modernization of 4.10 Ranking...... 40 Local Public Services in the Republic of Moldova”. 4.11 Clustering...... 42 The expressed opinions belong to the authors and do not nec- 4.12 Combining Ranking and Clustering...... 44 essary reflect the view of GIZ and BMZ. 4.13 Round Table 4 – Feedback on Clustering Results and Input Elabo- ration for Action Plan...... 45 Printed at: Publishing & Printing House Bons Offices 4.14 Hints for Round Table Facilitators...... 52 5. PLANNING PHASE...... 54 5.1 Necessary Measures to Achieve Stated Objectives...... 54 6. OPERATIONAL PHASE...... 55 Feredeului str., 4/6, Tel.: 0-22-500-895 6.1 Elaborating the Action Plan...... 55 www.bons.md, e-mail: [email protected] 6.2 Elaborating a Framework for the Monitoring & Evaluation of the Implementation...... 56 6.3 Writing a SEDS Chapter...... 57 6.4 Presenting the Results...... 58 ISBN 978-9975-80-412-7 7. PRACTICAL EXAMPLES – RESULTS OF THE PILOT TESTING...... 64 LIST OF TABLES 7.1 Purpose and Scope ...... 64 Table 2‑1: SEDS chapter structure with up- Table 7‑6: Unweighted, clustered priorities 7.2 Water Supply and Sanitation Situation...... 64 dating phases and necessary steps...... 12 from the two rayons...... 69 7.3 Rayon Teams and Stakeholder Involvement...... 67 Table 3‑1: M & E tools for the SEDS updating Table 7‑7: Priority weighting and selection process...... 17 in the two rayons...... 71 7.4 Round Table 1...... 68 Table 4‑1: Calculation of the weighted score Table 7‑8: Ranking of localities for Cahul rayon .73 7.5 Round Table 2...... 69 for an example locality ...... 26 7.6 Round Table 3...... 71 Table 7‑9: Ranking of clusters for Cahul rayon ... 73 Table 4‑2: Checklist for Round Table prepa- 7.7 Results of the Clustering and Prioritisation...... 72 ration...... 29 Table 7‑10: Action Plan working group results RT 5...... 76 7.8 Round Table 4 and 5...... 75 Table 4‑3: Simplified example of multi-crite- Table 10‑1: Example Work Plan...... 82 7.9 Public hearings and consultations...... 77 ria analysis for two localities ...... 41 Figure 4‑3: Simplified example for combina- Table 10‑2: Possible Monitoring criteria and 8. THE PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND BEYOND...... 78 tion of ranking and clustering...... 44 indicators...... 84 9. REFERENCES...... 80 Table 7‑1: Factsheet WSS situation Cahul Table 10‑3: Example Stakeholder Matrix...... 89 rayon ...... 65 10. TOOLBOX FOR PRACTITIONERS...... 82 Table 10‑4: Example SWOT Matrix...... 91 Table 7‑2: Factsheet WSS situation Riscani Table 10‑5: Simplified multi-criteria analysis 10.1 Teamwork Techniques for Facilitators ...... 82 rayon ...... 66 for two localities...... 106 10.1.1 Joint planning ...... 82 Table 7‑3: Composition of the pilot rayon Table 10‑6: Template Action Plan ...... 111 10.1.2 Team feedback...... 83 teams ...... 67 Table 10‑7: Example M & E Plan ...... 115 10.2 Monitoring and Evaluation of the Approach...... 84 Table 7‑4: Representation for the Stakehold- er Dialogue in pilot rayons...... 68 10.2.1 Templates for the Monitoring of the SEDS updating process...... 86 Table 7‑5: Expectations and contributions of 10.3 Stakeholder Analysis...... 89 stakeholder groups...... 68 10.3.1 Stakeholder Analysis Tools...... 89 10.4 Focus Group Interviews...... 91 LIST OF BOXES 10.4.1 Template for interview documentation...... 94 Box 2 1: A definition of priority and criterion..... 10 Box 6 1: Types of measures included in the 10.5 Expert Interviews...... 96 Action Plan...... 55 Box 2 2: National priorities for WSS invest- 10.6 Moderation...... 98 ments...... 11 Box 10 1: Guidelines for giving and receiving feedback...... 83 10.6.1 Template Moderation Plan for Stakeholder Round Table X...... 101 Box 4 1: Example priority with criterion and 10.7 Pin board moderation ...... 102 indicators...... 41 Box 10‑2: Focus Group discussion means to...... 94 10.8 Moderated brainstorming ...... 103 Box 5 1: Necessary measures to achieve Box 10‑3: Communication and cooperation stated objectives for WSS...... 54 rules for moderated discussion...... 99 10.9 Moderated small group work...... 104 10.10 Explanation of different weighting methods...... 105 LIST OF FIGURES 10.11 Action Plan template & content...... 111 Figure 2‑1: Relevant steps for updating a Figure 7‑3: Cluster scenarios A and B for Ca- 10.12 Monitoring and Evaluation of SEDS chapter Implementation (M&E)...... 114 rayon SEDS chapter...... 9 hul rayon ...... 72 10.13 Public Hearing template...... 116 Figure 4‑1: Hierarchy of objectives within Figure 7‑4: Cluster scenarios A, B and C for the SEDS chapter...... 24 Riscani rayon ...... 74 ANNEX...... 117 Annex I: Questionnaires on Collecting Data and Analysing the Situation .....117 Figure 4‑2: Round Table sequence...... 25 Figure 10‑1: Teamwork...... 84 Annex II: National and Rayon Priorities Including Criteria and Indicators...... 143 Figure 4‑3: Simplified example for combina- Figure 10‑1: Example Venn Diagram...... 90 tion of ranking and clustering...... 44 Annex III: Example Socio-Economic Development Strategy Chapter for Figure 10‑2: Focus group interview...... 96 Figure 7‑1: Group work presentation at the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in Cahul District...... 149 Round Table 1 in Cahul rayon (step 1-4)...... 69 Figure 10‑3: Guidelines of moderation...... 100 Figure 7‑2: Round Table in Cahul rayon...... 70 Figure 10‑4: Pin board moderation...... 103 Figure 10‑5: Moderated small group work...... 105 7 ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY AGeoM State Agency on the Geology of the Republic of Moldova AHP Analytic Hierarchy Process CALM Congress of Local Authorities of Moldova PREFACE CD Capacity Development Here, cluster refers to a geographical area of localities that share e.g. WSS Cluster infrastructure or management. It can be a tool for regionalization. EU European Union GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit This Process Description has been commissioned by Deutsche Gesell- GoM Government of Moldova 1schaft1 für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) for its contracting partner, GOPA Gesellschaft für Organisation, Planung und Ausbildung (Consulting Group) the Ministry of Regional Development and Construction (MRDC). The au- Gosudarstvennyy Standart (State Standard). Set of technical standards GOST thors were part of a group of junior advisors who carried out a field as- originally developed by the government of the Soviet Union signment in the Republic of Moldova within their Postgraduate Studies on I/AP Investment/Action Plan (MoE/OECD) International Cooperation at the Humboldt University’s SLE, Berlin. The pur- IMC Inter-Municipal Cooperation pose of the assignment was to design a participatory approach for coher- Local Public Administration ent, vertically integrated planning for public service provision on the local LPA LPA 1: locality level (village, comuna, primaria, municipality) level. The suggested approach for district-level planning shows how: firstly, LPA 2: rayon level the implementation of development policies can be more needs responsive; MCA Multi-Criteria Analysis and, secondly, sector policies’ objectives can be linked with their local level MDG Millennium Development Goal implementation via the regional development approach. At the same time, MoE Ministry of Environment the Process Description exemplifies the potential of citizen participation in MoH Ministry of Health strategic development planning. MRDC Ministry of Regional Development and Construction The Process Description was developed to assist facilitators with the prepa- NGO Non-Governmental Organisation ration of a rayon’s Socio-Economic Development Strategy’s (SEDS) chapter OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development update. A SEDS serves as the rayon’s planning tool, aligned with regional PH Public Hearings operational plans and national strategies. SEDS and their respective sub- chapters therefore need a coherent, transparent prioritisation of measures, PPD Participatory Priority Definition as well as specific, realistic and measurable targets. The Regional Develop- RDA Regional Development Agency ment Agencies (RDAs) have the mandate to assist rayon administrations RDC Regional Development Council with drafting consistent strategies for all sectors. RoM Republic of Moldova A specific participatory approach is outlined in this Process Description. It is RT Round Table based on experiences gained during the pilot testing of a methodology for SCC Sector Coordination Council updating a SEDS’ chapter on water supply and sanitation (WSS) in two ray- SEDS Socio-Economic Development Strategy ons of the Republic of Moldova (RoM): Cahul and Riscani. The step-by-step Seminar für Ländliche Entwicklung (Postgraduate Studies on International SLE description builds on conclusions and recommendations for a participatory Cooperation), Humboldt Universität zu Berlin approach to district planning in the future, in other rayons and/or sectors Stake- Actor (person, group, business, organisation) who has an interest in or will holder be affected by the realisation of a project or activity. other than WSS. The Process Description also provides a toolbox for practitioners. Concrete results of the pilot implementation are documented in the WSS Water Supply and Sanitation second part of the Process Description (see Chapter 7). 9

same water source and/or infrastructure. After an analysis of existing water sources, water providers and water consumption, a number of investment options will be identified. A cost-benefit-analysis is then carried out for these DESCRIPTION

ABOUT THIS PROCESS THIS options. The map of clusters will display the proposed optimal clusters of

PROCESS localities. ABOUT DESCRIPTION In a third step, both tiers of the approach, PPD and clustering, are integrated. The development of the Action Plan will address these strategic investment options with due consideration for highest ranked clusters. For each activity, the Action Plan takes into account responsibilities, time frame, 2 costs, funding sources, and indicators for monitoring and evaluation. 2 At the end of the process, a public hearing to inform citizens, obtain and integrate feedback, and achieve support for the implementation takes place. 2.1 Purpose and Scope Data collection on rayon localities’ Water Supply and Sanitation situa- This Process Description is a step-by-step guide which is intended to as- tion and socio-economic indicators sist practitioners with strategic development planning in other than the pilot- rayons and/or other sectors. It should not be used as a blueprint. It aims to:

• Explain the purpose of essential planning elements Round Table 1 Rayon WSS situation analy- Process kick-off sis. database & map • Provide a set of methods, principles and recommendations Management & technology •

Depict what needs to be done, when, and by whom Round Table 2 options Definition of rayon priorities Appraisal of investment and 2.2 Framework for the Facilitation of a running cost for each option

Participatory SEDS Updating Approach Round Table 3 Weighting and selec- Cost effectiveness analysis The entire strategic planning approach which was designed to update the tion of rayon priorities for each option Cooperatiion WSS chapter of rayon SEDS is as shown in figure 2-1. Definition of clusters based The procedure broadly mirrors the structure of a SEDS chapter. First, data on viability Clustering for Inter-Communal on the actual WSS situation in the rayon needs to be collected and assessed →List of priority- Stakeholder Dialogue →Map of viable clusters (see Chapter 3.4). Second, a Stakeholder Dialogue in the rayon enables the ranked localities participatory prioritisation of WSS investment needs which is done by organ- Participatory Priority Definitiion / ising four Round Tables (see Chapter 4.2). The merit of such a participatory Integration of prioritisation and clustering priority definition (PPD) is that the resulting list with ranked localities matches local needs and reality while being in line with national priorities. Round Table 4

Socio-Economic Development Strategies (SEDS) Feedback on clustering and Action Plan In parallel, localities are clustered, or grouped, to provide WSS services Approach for updating the WSS chapter of rayons’ more efficiently. This clustering technique for the regionalisation of public Action plan for all clusters services is used to lower costs by making use of economies of scale, as Proposed infrastructure investment and management solutions opposed to stand-alone solutions (see Chapter 4.11). The merit of cluster- Public hearing ing (regionalisation) is that available investment options for ranked localities are reduced by: a) organising common services, and b) making use of the Approval by rayon council Figure 2‑1: Relevant steps for updating a rayon SEDS chapter 10 11

The final step, however, is the approval of the updated SEDS by the rayon ments4. The approach for updating the SEDS chapter especially incorpo- council and the distribution and/or publication. rates key elements of the Investment/Action Plan developed by the Mol- dovan Ministry of Environment with assistance of OECD (MoE & OECD, DESCRIPTION THIS PROCESS PROCESS THIS The guiding principles in the design of an integrated strategic planning doc- 2011a). This is in order to guarantee the coherence of investment project

FACILITATORS ument in the rayon, are: A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A proposals and eventually increase the chances for financing. ABOUT • To ensure broad-based participation 5 • To align the strategy’s structure with the legal framework Box 2‑2: National priorities for WSS investments • To assure the compliance with higher level international or national 1. Reduce water related morbidity strategies 2. Increase coverage of the population with piped water supply While the stakeholders’ contribution is to define objectives and set priorities, 3. Ensure provision of 24-hour water supply the experts take a leading role during the process of organising localities into clusters. Interaction between the experts and the stakeholders is there- 4. Increase coverage of the population with improved sanitation / Re- fore crucial. The results presented in this Process Description, however, duce pollution from critical discharges address the participatory part of the planning which focuses on setting pri- 5. Halt deterioration of existing infrastructure orities for future WSS-related investments. 6. Improve access of schools and pre-school students to the improved For decision-making in planning, priorities are needed: water supply and sanitation facilities

1 Box 2‑1: A definition of priority and criterion Facilitators need to stay updated on national priorities. It is recommended to regularly check for significant changes in relevant poli- A priority is defined as “action(s) to achieve a situation which is desired by cy documents in order to adapt the set of national priorities, if nec- the community”. The guiding question is: what is important for us? A priority essary. This analysis should be carried out by an independent is specified by a measurable criterion seen as “a rule to distinguish localities senior level policy expert familiar with relevant sector documents. which fit the priority from those which do not”.1

2.3 Alignment with the National Framework 2.4 A Guide to the Reader The suggested approach to update the rayon SEDS is a partial participatory How is the Process Description organised? approach, since national priorities are best identified by sector experts. The This Process Description is a practical guide to update a SEDS chapter. It is integration of national WSS priorities in the update of the SEDS assures the organised along a general SEDS’ chapter’s structure6: alignment of the rayon strategy with the national-level policy and strategic framework. The purpose of such an alignment is so national stakeholders 4 The documents on the basis of which national priorities were set are: accept the outcomes, which ensures planning security for local stakeholders. • Governmental “Strategy of Water Supply and Sewage in Communities of the Republic of Moldova”, 2007 (2007-2015) In the case of the WSS sector, six national priorities for WSS investments • UN Millennium Development Goal, target 7c (2000-2015) were defined2 at the beginning of the pilot SEDS chapter updating process3. • National Development Strategy (2008-2011) • EU Sector Policy Support Programme (SPSP) in the water sector (Ref No 2008/163561) They are based on key sector strategies and (international) policy docu- • London Protocol on Water and Health (approved by joint ordinance of Ministry of Health and MoE No 91/704, 2010) 1 GIZ (2011): Presentation on the relation between problems/needs, priorities and selection • MoE & OECD Action Plan 2010-2015 for the implementation of the WSS Sector Strategy criteria, given during the 2nd Round Table by Rafal Stanek. and policies in the water supply and sanitation sector in the Republic of Moldova (2011) 2 GIZ (2011): Presentation on Moldova’s water policy, given during the 1st Round Table by 5 For all national priorities with corresponding indicators, please refer to Annex II. Daniel Wiltschnigg. 6 The proposed structure is in line with the Governmental Decision no. 33 of 11.01.2007 and 3 The national priorities were agreed upon during a national stakeholder meeting by repre- was agreed upon during a national stakeholder meeting on 29 September 2011 in Chisinau sentatives of MoE, MRDC, MoH, and the State Chancellery, on 4th of August 2011. by representatives of the State Chancellery, MRDC and MoE and was put up for discussion 12 13

• Reference to the general part of the SEDS How should the Process Description be used? • Situation analysis Before getting started, a few words on the didactic elements of the Process DESCRIPTION THIS PROCESS PROCESS THIS • Objectives and priorities for the rayon WSS sector Description:

FACILITATORS • Necessary measures to achieve objectives • A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A Boxes contain important information and recommendations ABOUT • Action Plan • Questions are used to guide facilitators • Monitoring and Evaluation • A schedule for each Round Table is outlined in a table with informa- As Table 2-1 illustrates, drafting a rayon SEDS chapter starts with a prepa- tion on the duration, expected outcome, preparation and procedure ratory phase, followed by three phases which feed directly into the strategy’s • Information on resources, i.e. time and skills needed is included only chapter. Setting objectives and deciding to regionalise service provision are if deemed necessary, because it might differ from the pilot experience. both strategic processes. The planning phase outlines the arrangements For some activities it is recommended to draw upon assistance by between the strategic phase and the implementation. The fourth phase is a external experts. process of periodic review and therefore part of the operational phase. The operational part covers the formulation of an Action Plan, its implementation and monitoring activities.

Table 2‑1: SEDS chapter structure with updating phases and necessary steps

Chapter Structure Steps for Chapter Design Phase

• Define national priorities • Build the facilitation team • Process monitoring • Involve all relevant stakeholders • Data collection Preparation Reference to • Link the SEDS chapters with each the General other (not part of this Process De- SEDS Part scription) Situation • Analyse the sector situation Analysis • Define objectives • Define rayon priorities Objectives and Priorities for • Rank localities Strategic part the Sector • Cluster localities • Integrate prioritisation and clustering

SEDS Chapter Necessary Measures to • Define necessary measures to Planning part Achieve Objec- achieve objectives tives

Action Plan • Elaborate the Action Plan Operational Monitoring & • Establish the Monitoring & Evaluation part Evaluation framework

during the 3rd Round Table. For a SEDS example please refer to the Annex III. clude the following skills: experience and methodological skills in the do the in skills methodological and experience skills: following the clude competencies, thefacilitationteamalso needstoin Apart fromfunctional tation team? What skillsandcompetencies areneededinthefacili frequent coordinationmeetings aretime-consuming. and consulted,butdoesnotneedtobepartof team,asthe the facilitation 3 to 6 people from RDA and LPA 2. The head of LPA 2 should be informed by the strategy’s update. It is recommended to form a core-rayon team of affectedsubstantially are or contributions important make may which those in theteam,especially may alsobeincluded Other departments dividuals. in particular of independent know-how the of anchoring institutional lasting and toprovidethemwithdocumentations. This servestoachievealong- is important for this person to keep his/her department colleagues informed It for strategicplanning. from thedepartmentresponsible a representative (LPArepresentatives rayon involve to crucial is staff,it rayon Regarding 2). and Development (RDA) Regional Agency of consists team facilitation The Who shouldbepartofthefacilitationteam? found inthetoolbox(seechapter10.1). Teamwork techniques to enhance smooth cooperation of facilitators can be sector experts,rayonstaff orassistants. to tasks delegate may it step, the on Depending alone. activities the all out ties thatleadtotheupdateofSEDSchapter. However, itwillnotcarry activi the all coordinate and organise to is team facilitation the of task The 3.1 3 3 Building theFacilitation Team STARTED GETTING PHASE: PREPARATORY - - - - - tion (M&E). and feedback Evalua and Monitoring for ongoing procedures example for mechanisms, learning establishing requires updating SEDS Improved 3.2 facilitation team’s members. ness to broaden ones knowledge are therefore crucial characteristics of the they may also be acquired during the process. An open attitude and willing but asset, an are sector the within experiences Existing Russian. and nian Roma in fluency cases, many in and, communication, good autonomous, and team a within work to ability the tasks, complex organise work, group of facilitation moderating, in experience or skills planning, strategic of main every day. present the rayon andRDA,thelatternotbeing between team -especially facilitation the within flows communication ensures who communications and commongoals. It might be helpful to have onepersonresponsiblefor take to steps next the about understanding common a create to serves team. It facilitation the of success the to key the is communication Internal for thewholeteam. coordinator a as person one appoint to recommended is It tasks. and ties Within thefacilitationteam, there shouldbeacleardivisionof responsibili essary? Why isinternalcoordinationandcommunicationnec sections onRound Table 1-4. feedback loops) needs to be very well organised. For details please see the the (includingdigestiblepresentationsandperiodic participation in planning into know-how their of integration groups. The stakeholder all to messages main and tosendtheinferred input specialised is toprovide Their function experts. technical of expertise unique the needs planning strategic Proper Why isanexpertapproachneeded? Process Monitoring oftheStrategic Planning and responsibilities willenableanefficient divisionof work. Joint planningandfeedback sessionsaswell ascleardecisionsonroles - - - - - 15 PREPARATORY PHASE: GETTING STARTED 16 17

Definition of terms Monitoring and evaluation covers both the SEDS updating, and • Planning of activities needs to include a clear formulation of intended the implementation of the Action Plan. While the former is related results, otherwise the basis for monitoring and evaluation is weak. It to the quality of the updating process, the latter relates to the progress monitoring the measures defined in the Action Plan (see

FACILITATORS is supposed to define what each updating phase aims to achieve and Chapter 6.2). A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A how it will go about it (see Table 10‑1: Example Work Plan). • Monitoring is a regular observation and recording of activities through systematic data collection. It is a routine process to adjust and improve How can M & E be carried out? work plans and tasks on a frequent basis. It enables regular checks to Plenty of methods exist for M & E. Process monitoring, for which some acti

see if the intended results are being achieved. vities are enlisted in Table 3-1, is best done in the form of a self-assessment. GETTING PHASE: STARTED PREPARATORY • Evaluation is a more profound assessment of what has been done It is not an objective measurement, but rather a subjective assessment of and what impact there has been on the project’s target. Evaluation the current status in the update of the SEDS. For self-assessment, the fa- helps to see if bigger changes are needed in the way activities are cilitation team has to define criteria that, according to them, are crucial for planned and implemented. It should take place at the end of a district’s the quality of the process, such as: effectiveness, involvement of all stake- SEDS chapter updating and after having gone through this process in holders, transparency, or acceptance of results. The team then assesses in various districts regular sessions whether these criteria are achieved fully, partly or not at all. • M & E needs to be results-oriented; assessing the progress on These criteria can also be used for the final evaluation of the process, as- achieving intended results in each updating phase, not the simple sessing them retrospectively and more profoundly. The M & E of the Round realisation of all planned activities! Tables (RT) is especially important. Thus, the self-assessment should be • M & E is an ongoing circular process: 1) planning, 2) monitoring & complemented by an evaluation done by the RT participants. For this pur- implementation, 3) evaluation, 4) improving further planning pose, evaluation sheets should be elaborated and filled out at each RT (see Toolbox, Chapter 10.2). Why is Monitoring & Evaluation of the process needed? Table 3‑1: M & E tools for the SEDS updating process Proper monitoring is essential to the quality of an activity. It is carried out Step Tools during the process and helps the team to reflect on the activities they or- Factsheets stating preparatory and imple- Document the observations made dur- mentation steps, main results, material, ganise. Lessons from monitoring should be discussed regularly in order to ing activities find out what kinds of adaptations, if any, are needed in the processor time, costs (see template, Chapter 10.2.1) work plan. It also serves to anticipate problems and to reduce the risk of Evaluation sheets for participants of RTs; Feedback of involved stakeholders formal and informal interviews (see tem- having cost overruns or time delays. Evaluation is the final assessment of and partners plate, Chapter 10.2.1) the process; identifying key drivers for success and factors for failure. The lessons learnt from the evaluation may help to improve the SEDS updating Reflection sessions with the facilitation Moderated discussion methodology for future applications. It serves to check whether the planned team results are still relevant and as a basis for communicating the progress of the SEDS chapter updating process to the public. Therefore, monitoring and evaluation do not only enhance learning. They 3.3 Involving all Relevant Stakeholders are also important to assure accountability and transparency to stakehold- Stakeholders are those actors who have a fundamental interest in improv- ers. ing the WSS situation, SEDS updating or are important for its successful implementation. They are to be found among all administrational levels (national, rayon, local), civil society and the private sector. 18 19

Why should all relevant stakeholders be involved? the risk of the updated SEDS chapters being questioned after the process is finished and to create commitment for the future implementation of the There are different reasons for including relevant stakeholders: SEDS. Involvement can range from merely holding an introductory pre • To ensure effectiveness, efficiency and transparency of the SEDS up- sentation for the rayon administration and council; to actively including their FACILITATORS

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A date members in the facilitation team. The degree of active involvement of direct • To enhance communication and cooperation between different levels stakeholders will vary in every rayon and needs to be assessed according (e.g. LPA 1 and LPA 2) and interest groups to the specific context. • To stimulate awareness of different needs/concerns and mutual ac- All RT participants should receive preparation material in advance, so that ceptance inequalities of knowledge are reduced and all of them are encouraged to PREPARATORY PHASE: GETTING PHASE: STARTED PREPARATORY • To create ownership and commitment actively participate. After the SEDS updating process is finished, informing • To enhance the benefits for the ultimate beneficiaries, the local popu- them on the results, implications and the relevance of their contribution will lation support their commitment to further participatory decision-making.

How can relevant stakeholders be identified? How can indirect stakeholders be involved? The analysis of stakeholders (see Toolbox, Chapter 10.3) will help to identify Indirect stakeholders are the mayors who do not participate in the RTs, na- direct and indirect stakeholders and their interests. Direct stakeholders are tional level policy makers, the population and the media. In order to guar- those that have decision-making authority regarding the SEDS chapter up- antee acceptance of the SEDS chapter, they need to feel integrated and dating. Indirect stakeholders do not have decision-making authority regard- become receptive to the process. Thus, they need to be informed on ob- ing the SEDS chapter, but are relevant for the success of the SEDS update jectives, contents, approach and outcomes. Look for time slots in relevant and implementation. To adequately involve different types of stakeholders events to present milestones/important activities. Inform all mayors about first of all find out: the SEDS update, e.g. in an information letter and at the regular mayors’ meeting. Mayors should be informed that delegates will be able to partici- • Who has an interest in the outcome of the SEDS updating or is impor- pate at the RTs. The media is a useful tool to keep citizens informed about tant for its implementation? the process to update the SEDS, and gives them a chance for engagement. • What are the points of view and interests of these stakeholders? Publishing the outcomes and the follow-up of activities to raise awareness • Do they exert influence in a positive or negative way? and facilitate downward accountability to the citizens. Expert or focus group interviews can help to answer these questions (see Toolbox, Chapter 10.4 and 10.5). Once all stakeholders are identified, they It is crucial to keep national policy-makers informed. After having should be divided into direct and indirect stakeholders, as described in the accomplished the SEDS chapter updating in several rayons, you following. may organise informational meetings with Regional Development Councils, Ministries, Agencies, or the Sector Coordination Council, If technical solutions call for WSS clusters that consist of more as well as international development partners. than one rayon: Make sure to include representatives (public sector, civil society and private sector) of those neighboring rayons in the planning process and as participants at the Round Tables. 3.4 Collecting Data and Analysing the Situation How can direct stakeholders be involved? A situation analysis is crucial for understanding the WSS situation of the ray- Direct stakeholders comprise LPA 2 including the rayon council and all RT on. Hence, a comprehensive analysis of locality-level socio-economic data participants (see Chapter 4.3). They should be included in order to reduce must be carried out before any participatory planning process is launched. This refers to geographical data and data on the existing WSS infrastructure. 20 21

Why should a situation analysis be done? The data collection can be carried out as follows: • The situation analysis serves three purposes: Experts prepare the questionnaires. They carefully instruct a team of assistants on how to collect and report the needed data. Although it • To achieve a proper understanding of the status quo, the potentials may be time consuming, a proper and timely instruction of the assis- FACILITATORS

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A and risks in the sector. This situation analysis should also be made tants is crucial in order to guarantee the quality of the data obtained. available to RT participants. Only on the basis of this information can • a sound strategy be developed. The questionnaires are sent out to mayors or distributed to them during a mayors’ meeting. It is important that the rayon administration • To prioritise the localities’ investment needs (see Chapter 4.10) clearly explains the purpose of the data collection. • For the clustering of localities into WSS management units (see Chap-

• In many cases, the information already exists in the records of the GETTING PHASE: STARTED PREPARATORY ter 4.11). In this case, the water quality and capacity of wells is espe- localities. However, if the mayors have difficulties in completing the cially important. questionnaires, assistants should support the mayors in completing The situation analysis of the pilot processes is documented in the SEDS the questionnaires and verify the information provided. Depending on chapter (see Annex III). the specific situation in the rayon, mayors come to the rayon council’s administration frequently. This venue is the most appropriate for the Data collection as a means for the situation analysis is a precondi- tion to strategic planning. The availability of comprehensive data assistants to review questionnaires with the mayors. defines whether it is appropriate at all to start with the strategic • The assistants should also carry out a) the collection of AGeoM’s well planning process. passports, b) the audit of the physical condition of wells and water towers and c) the registration of the GPS-position of the wells. With this information the AGeoM can then update the passports. How is the data being collected? • Some indicators may not be available at the level of the rayon’s lo- The first thing needed is a clear vision of what information is relevant for the calities (such as water quality or health data)7. Instead they may be three purposes mentioned above. They require a different level of detail. requested from institutions such as the National Centre for Public However, it is wise to collect the full set of data initially, to avoid duplication Health. It is important to officially call for cooperation and data from of workload. these state services from the outset. The data collection should comprise the following elements: • Questionnaires on WSS infrastructure, socio-economic and geo- How will the data be used? graphical data for each locality in the rayon The data needs to be passed to the experts who will prepare a situation • Request passports for all wells located in the rayon from the State analysis and use it for prioritisation and clustering. Agency on the Geology of the Republic of Moldova (AGeoM). However, the data is also relevant for RT facilitators. They should use the • Audit of the physical conditions of wells and water towers situation analysis elaborated by the experts in order to provide RT partici- • Registration of the GPS-position of wells and water towers pants with comprehensive, understandable information on the WSS situation in the rayon. This is crucial for a well-informed strategic planning. In general, three categories according to the localities’ performance in WSS service provision can be distinguished. There are three correspond- Baseline data is also needed for the monitoring of the strategy (see Chapter ing questionnaires: one for bigger towns, one for smaller settlements with 6.2). partial access to centralised WSS service provision, and one for localities without organised service provision. Sample questionnaires can be found in Annex I. 7 This information refers to the potential correlation between access to and quality of WSS services. 22 23

Besides “hard fact” information, it is very important that the facilitation team understands the situation on the ground based on their personal experience. Therefore, it is recommended to visit villages and to conduct expert and/or focus group interviews. The facilita-

FACILITATORS tor will otherwise only have a vague idea of what people in the specific loca- A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A STRATEGIC tion experience in their everyday lives. Getting to know the situation on the ground can also help to identify the particularities of the WSS situation in the rayon which may not be reflected in the technical data. PHASE

What resources are needed for the situation analysis? The data collection, including the questionnaire and the assistants’ 4 PHASE 4 backstopping, has to be prepared and analysed by an expert. Ide- ally, this expert is also responsible for formulating the situation 4.1 Setting Objectives and Priorities

analysis as well as carrying out the prioritisation and clustering. The expert STRATEGIC also gives guidance to a team of assistants in charge of the data collection. It is important for the planning process to have clear objectives based on They are the contact persons for the mayors and ensure the integrity of the needs or preferences. Within a list of objectives, however, some objectives data. If possible, engage entry-level engineers or students knowledgeable are more important than others and need to be prioritised. Once a set of in water- or civil engineering as the team assistants. They may need training priorities is agreed upon, they contribute to coherent decision-making in for data collection in advance. the planning process. Prioritisation helps to focus on the achievement of priority activities within a given period of time, and helps to channel limited Completing the questionnaires is time-consuming, and the work- resources. load increases with the level of WSS services: the more there is in terms of infrastructure and services, the more detail is required for an analysis. It is estimated that for filling-in or completing a questionnaire What are objectives and priorities? together with mayors about 2.5 hours are needed. This is the case if they There are different categories of objectives included in the strategy. Figure bring records and are prepared. At least one more hour per questionnaire is 4-1 illustrates how these are interlinked. The use of terms such as objec- needed to check on wrong numbers and inconsistencies. tive and priority might be confusing. Objectives are statements about how things, identified as a problem, should change (UNDP, 2009: 42). Priorities have been defined already in Box 2-1. They are distinguished from objec- Personal Notes On The Preparatory Phase tives as follows:

Figure 4‑1: Hierarchy of objectives within the SEDS chapter

Sectoral vision of the rayon wilh long-term ob- Long-term Impact level jectives (15 years)

Outcome National prlorlties level Rayon priorities Mid-term (5 years) Ouput level Operational objectives (SMART) Activity level Action plan with implementation objectives Short-term 24 25

• Long-term objectives stem from a sectoral vision of the rayon. Accord- Figure 4‑2: Round Table sequence ing to Governmental Decision no. 33 (Government of the Republic of Moldova, 2007), a long-term objective is defined for a period of 15 Round Table 1: years. Stakeholders should vote for one or a maximum of two long- Process Kick-off FACILITATORS

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A term objectives. Round Table 2: • Priority statements are needed for comprehensive and transparent Definition of rayon priorities decision-making on prioritised investments in the sector. Each priority is made measurable through corresponding criteria. Round Table 3: Weighting and selecting rayon priorities • Medium-term objectives are operational objectives. They are derived from the set of stated priorities by experts in the area, follow- Round Table 4: ing SMART rules: Specific, Measurable, Appropriate, Realistic, Time- DIALOGUE STAKEHOLDER Feedback on clustering and Action Plan PHASE bound (UNDP & SDC, 2009b: 19) and are valid for 5 years, which is the time period covered by the SEDS. Between RT 1 and RT 2 you may plan a break of one week. Between RT

• Short-term objectives are set within, and achieved by implementing 2 and 3 you need three to four weeks (see Chapter 4.8). Between RT 3 STRATEGIC the Action Plan. and RT 4 a timeframe of approximately four weeks should be planned (see Chapters 4.10 - 4.12). Who sets priorities and defines objectives? The purpose of the Round Tables is to include key stakeholders in the defi- During this approach, the identification of objectives is a partial participa- nition of rayon priorities. Yet, with too many priorities, planning will not be tory process. Stakeholders need to be given the opportunity to discuss the focused. Also, not all priorities and respective criteria will be of the same objectives that will affect them and give them a priority order. However, the importance to all stakeholders involved. For this reason, participants will actual formulation of concise objectives, the choice of criteria with indicators be given the opportunity to weight each priority which will eventually be fed and scales, (see Box 2‑1; Box 4‑1) should not be done collectively but by an into the final ranking matrix (see example calculation in Table 4-1). For all expert in the area. Proven expertise and technical knowledge is absolutely national priorities, weights are already determined; this also applies to the 8 critical for the formulation of priority criteria and SMART objectives, which at relative weight between national and rayon priorities. It may be adjusted, if a later point also direct the monitoring and evaluation framework. deemed necessary. As demonstrated with the example calculation in Table 4-1, the rank (score) 4.2 Introduction to the Participatory of localities is calculated by synthesising rayon and national priority criteria in addition to their respective weight. The resulting list of localities reflects Definition of Rayon Priorities different levels of investment needs (with regard to the time horizon) of lo- For the participatory definition of rayon priorities, a sequence of four Round calities in the rayon. However, the list remains to be combined with the clus- Tables (RTs) was designed (see Figure 4-3). The sequence is to be read as tering. a proposal and should be adapted to meet specific requirements and other circumstances, if necessary. The following RT sequence is proposed:

8 During the pilot process, the weight has been set by an international consultant on the basis of a ranking method which is part of the MoE/OECD methodology (Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Moldova & OECD, 2011). 26 27

Table 4‑1: Calculation of the weighted score for an example locality • Participants should have an interest in the topic (be affected by it) and have the capacity to contribute substantially to decision-making, Respec- showing an analytical understanding of the issue. Respective tive Locality’s Locality’s weight within weight • Social inclusiveness regarding ethnicity, gender, age and social status

FACILITATORS Priority total score weighted

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A national / between for priority score rayon national / To overcome bias in the selection of participants, ideally, it should rayon not be undertaken by one person, but by a steering committee with 3*0.25*0.67 a balanced representation from all three sectors: LPA, civil society National priority 1 3 out of 10 0.25 = 0.5025 and private sector. 9*0.15*0.67 National priority 2 9 out of 10 0.15 = 0.9045 Selection of mayors: It is recommended that 4-7 mayors participate at the RTs. These representatives should not be selected by the facilitation team, 4*0.15*0.67

National priority 3 4 out of 10 0.15 PHASE

but elected by all mayors of the rayon, e.g. in a regular mayors’ meeting. = 0.402 0.67 Make clear that they are supposed to be present at all RTs, but that their 7*0.15*0.67 National priority 4 7 out of 10 0.15 participation will not directly enhance their chances for funding. The may- = 0.7035 STRATEGIC ors that participate at the RTs should come from different types of villages. 6*0.15*0.67 National priorities National priority 5 6 out of 10 0.15 The election of mayors can be based on criteria for representation such as: = 0.603 small village (<1200 inhabitants), big village (>1200 inhabitants), town, vil- 7*0.15*0.67 National priority 6 7 out of 10 0.15 lages with centralised water supply, and villages without centralised water = 0.7035 supply. Total national 100% 3.82 Many RT participants in the pilot rayons stated that mayors should 7*0.40*0.33 be more involved in the SEDS updating process. Conceiving new Rayon priority 1 7 out of 10 0.40 = 0.924 forms of including them is therefore highly recommended and described at the end of chapter 4.13 on Round Table 4. 1*0.32*0.33 Rayon priority 2 1 out of 10 0.32 0.33 = 0.1056 Selection of rayon administration representatives: The heads of LPA 2 5*0.28*0.33 Rayon priority 3 5 out of 10 0.28 departments involved in and affected by the update of the SEDS chapter = 0.462 Rayon priorities on WSS should take part in the RT discussion. Their participation in the Total rayon 100% 1.49 dialogue among stakeholders of different areas will provide a holistic un- Locality’s total score 5.3 derstanding of the sectors’ challenges and make it easier to find adequate (Source: GIZ 2011) solutions. Selection of private sector and civil society representatives: By publicly 4.3 Selecting Round Table Participants announcing the intention to update the SEDS well in advance in local media (including LPA 2 and RDA webpage), interested representatives of relevant The selection of RT participants needs to be conducted in cooperation with groups can be called on to present themselves at the LPA 2. Organised LPA 2, as they know which institutions exist in the rayon, and their respec- groups and professional associations can also be identified and asked for tive activities. A list of maximum 20 participants is to be prepared, taking into delegates.9 consideration the following criteria: • Balanced representation of the public/administrational, civil society and private sector, avoiding any political bias and ensuring diverse 9 I.e. primaria councils, rayon association of mayors, water user associations, WSS service expertise providers, teachers, private business, pensioners, nurses, women (professional associations), minority groups. 28 29

In some cases inviting medium level managers, not top-managers to the 4.5 Checklist for Round Table Preparation Round Tables might enhance the chance for their participation.

Table 4‑2: Checklist for Round Table preparation

FACILITATORS 4.4 Understanding the Purpose of A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A • Prepare an annotated agenda (moderation plan) with enough Stakeholder Dialogues breaks and time buffer which will guide the moderation of the event Stakeholder Dialogues enhance cooperation and communication among Agenda • Prepare an abbreviated version of the agenda for the partici- key interest groups. They are a useful tool for participatory development pants planning, especially when different perspectives need to be integrated and • Send an invitation to the participants well in advance, stating broad acceptance of results is required. Building on consensus, a multi- the purpose and the tentative dates of all four RTs stakeholder process is important as it supports the sustainability of any un- Invitation • Make clear in advance that participants should attend all four PHASE dertaking. Involving all affected stakeholders increases the quality of results RTs by ensuring a synergy of responsibilities, a more efficient use of resources, • Offer information material for preparation in advance

sustainable decisions and credibility of decision-making. • Follow-up the invitations via phone calls STRATEGIC

In this Process Description, the tool of a Round Table facilitates the Stake- • Organise an appropriate venue for the meeting with adequate holder Dialogue. The purpose of a RT is: space, lighting, and ventilation • To make broad-based participation part of decision-making on needed • Prepare the seating arrangement (a round or U-shaped table in order to ensure good communication) investments • Organise extra rooms for small group work, if needed • Logistics To find common objectives and set priorities • Prepare catering and equipment, e.g. files, flipcharts, pens • To bring commitment and stimulate action for the implementation of (markers), a projector (if required) the SEDS’ Action Plan • Take care for a well-timed translation of all documents needed (such as handouts for the folder, or presentations), if interna- Communication is essential to the Stakeholder Dialogue method tional experts are present applied in the SEDS updating process. An open and transparent • form of communication that allows for feedback and constructive Prepare name badges for the participants critique serves to enhance the quality of the processes´ outcome. • Prepare folders for the participants with: list of participants, It also serves to make stakeholders feel involved and taken care of, poten- Material agenda, important information (e.g. printed presentations), evaluation sheets tially increasing their commitment. • Prepare material for group work

Although there are several difficulties related to participation in planning, Public Rela- • Send a press release announcing the event this Process Description strongly recommends a participatory approach to tions • Put the information on the homepage of the rayon and RDA district planning. For a proper management of the process from the outset, • Bring a camera for the documentation of the group work results it is useful to understand potential challenges, which include: Evaluation and documentation • Prepare sheets for the participants’ evaluation • Disagreement with joint decision-making • Send a press release regarding the results • A Stakeholder Dialogue takes time, and may cause delays in the plan- Follow-up actions • Publish the results on the homepage of the rayon and RDA ning process • Additional costs

A well prepared moderation is crucial to the success of the Round Tables. In the toolbox you can find guidelines and techniques to ensure quality moderation (see chapter 10.6) 30 31

4.6 Round Table 1 – Getting Started Preparation: • Ask expert to prepare a presentation on the basis of the situation What are the objectives of the first Round Table? analysis (see Chapter 3.4)

FACILITATORS • The participants get to know each other A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A • Prepare handout • The participants learn about the WSS situation in their rayon • The participants understand the purpose of updating the SEDS and Procedure: their role in this process • After the presentation of the group work results, a brief presentation • The participants reflect on their expectations for this process on the WSS situation in the rayon is given. Thus, the participants • The participants get to know national priorities can compare their image of the sector with the professional situa- • The participants choose a long-term objective (vision) tion analysis. • A more detailed version of the situation analysis on the basis of the PHASE

Step 1-1: Understanding the WSS situation data can be given as a handout.

The following questions should be answered: STRATEGIC • Duration: ca. 40min How many households have access to piped water supply and sanitation? Expected outcome: Participants share opinions about the WSS situa- • tion in their rayon. What is the water quality like in the rayon? How is water quality related to health? What are the respective consequences for the Preparation: Prepare rooms and material for group work (flipchart, future water provision? markers) • What is the average state of rural and urban WSS infrastructure? Procedure: • What implications does the WSS situation have for the future plan- • Divide the whole group into small groups (see Toolbox, Chapter ning? 10.9). • The small groups have approx. 20 min. to brainstorm on the follow- Step 1-3: Presentation on the SEDS updating process ing questions: 1. What are the challenges and opportunities of WSS in our rayon? Duration: ca. 30min 2. How are other sectors (health, economy, education, social Expected outcome: Participants understand the purpose of the SEDS development, etc.) affected by the WSS situation? updating and their role in this process. Participants’ questions regarding • The groups visualise their answers, e.g. on a flipchart. the purpose are clarified. • A group delegate presents the results in the plenary. Preparation: Prepare presentation and handout A brief presentation is given by the facilitators. The following questions Step 1-2: Presentation of the situation analysis should be answered: • What is the aim of the SEDS chapter update? Duration: ca. 20min • What is the purpose of the RTs in the SEDS chapter updating? Expected outcome: The participants get to know the WSS situation in • Why is prioritisation necessary? their rayon. This will help them to better understand why planning and • What is the content of the RTs? prioritisation is needed. • What is the role of the RT participants? 32 33

Step 1-4: Group work on contributions and benefits Procedure: • Present the proposed long-term objectives. • Let the participants vote for a sector vision in individual work by tick- FACILITATORS Duration: ca. 60min A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A ing a box on their sheet. Expected outcome: Participants reflect on the SEDS updating and their • If participants ask whether they should vote for the most realistic role in the process in a way that their commitment and mutual trust is one or the one they like most, tell them to choose the latter. established. • Collect the sheets and assess the votes. Preparation: Prepare rooms and material (flipchart, markers) • Present the result to the RT participants. Procedure: The vision statement is value-based. It shows what a public ser- • Divide the whole group into small groups. PHASE vice looks like when it is being delivered in a way that stakehold- • The participants have approx. 30 minutes to discuss the following ers expect it to be. The experience gathered during the pilot questions: project shows that the agreement on a vision could be done during the STRATEGIC 1. How do you think you could benefit from the RTs? first RT. In Cahul, the participants voted for the following WSS sector vision (out of five proposals): “The rayon of Cahul will ensure that a relia- 2. What do you want to contribute to the RTs? ble, high-quality (clean) supply of water is available and affordable where • The groups visualise their answers, e.g. on a flipchart. and when people and economic agents within the rayon area need it“. • The groups present their results in the plenary. • During the presentation of the group work results, the participants’ understanding of the SEDS updating becomes visible. For the fa- Step 1-6: Presentation on the prioritisation method cilitators, this is a chance to clarify possible misunderstandings regarding the purpose of the SEDS update. Duration: ca. 30min

In the pilot experiences, the groups were divided according to sec- Expected outcome: Participants understand that the final product of the tors, e.g. civil society members formed one group, mayors another RTs is a scoring matrix. They know its function and its elements such as one. This encourages the participants to give answers not from national priorities. their personal point of view, but from the point of view of the interest group they represent. Preparation: Prepare presentation, ideally with examples to enhance understanding. Step 1-5: Presenting and choosing long-term objectives A brief presentation is given by the RT facilitators. The following questions should be answered: • What is a priority? ca. 20min Duration: • What are national priorities and where have they been derived Expected outcome: Participants choose a sector vision for the rayon (a from? max. of two long-term objectives). • Why are national priorities and rayon priorities combined? Preparation: Prepare a presentation with proposed long-term objectives • How are national and rayon priorities combined in the final matrix? (a max. of five) and voting sheets with instruction for all participants. • How will the final matrix be used for the ranking? 34 35

4.7 Round Table 2 – Defining Rayon Step 2-3: Group work on rayon priorities Priorities

FACILITATORS Duration: ca. 1h 15min A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A What are the objectives of the second Round Table? • The participants deepen their understanding of the purpose of the RTs Expected outcome: Participants propose priority statements on the ba- • The participants deepen their understanding of the matrix and the sis of which priorities can be defined (see next step). ranking Preparation: • The participants propose rayon priorities • Bring results of the situation analysis of RT 1 (see steps 1-1/2) • Step 2-1: Repetition of the purpose of the Round Tables Prepare material for group work (cards, marker, ideally an handout with a description of the task and an example for a priority state- PHASE ment) (see Toolbox, Chapter 10.7)

ca. 10min Procedure: Duration: STRATEGIC Expected outcome: Key messages regarding the purpose of the RTs • Present the results of the situation analysis from RT 1. Stress iden- are repeated. New participants get the chance to catch up. tified challenges and opportunities of WSS in the rayon and their connection to other sectors. Preparation: Prepare a presentation with max. 2 - 4 slides • Divide the whole group into small groups. Procedure: • Each group gets 30 minutes time to propose a maximum of four • Briefly repeat the purpose of the RTs and main findings of RT 1, i.e. priority statements on cards. The problems defined in the situation what has been agreed upon. analysis can serve as an inspiration. • Give participants the opportunity to ask questions. • To formulate a priority statement, the following sentence must be completed: “Priority should be given to localities that…”. Step 2-2: Presentation on priority elaboration In the situation analysis, the participants argue that the WSS situation constrains the development of tourism. On the basis of Duration: ca. 20min this stated problem, the participants could formulate the following priority statement: “Priority should be given to localities that have Expected outcome: Participants deepen their understanding of the touristic potential”. scoring matrix, its use and its components. They understand how priorities are defined and made measurable. Step 2-4: Grouping of priority statements and formulation of priorities Preparation: Prepare presentation and handout The following questions should be answered: Duration: ca. 60min • How are problems transformed into priorities? Expected outcome: The cards with priority statements proposed by the • How can priorities be made measurable? (Prepare examples for participants are grouped. criteria) Preparation: • Repetition: What are national priorities? • If you do the grouping of cards for the first time, you may wish to • Repetition: How will national and rayon priorities be used for the seek assistance final ranking? • Since the RT participants are not involved in this step, it is recommended that they recess for lunch break 36 37

Procedure: 4.8 Between Round Table 2 and 3 – Making • Group cards with similar priority statements into one cluster. Rayon Priorities Measurable • Find a concise and clear heading (name) for the clustered cards. After RT 2, the priorities proposed by the RT participants are operational- FACILITATORS A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A • There is no limit for the number of clusters. ised. The following steps are essential:

The participants come up with the following priority statements: How can rayon priorities be made measurable? (1) “Priority should be given to localities that have touristic po- • Check the results of RT 2: Were the cluster and their respective names tential” defined correctly? If not, analyse the priority statements once more (2) “Priority should be given to localities with high economic activity” and re-group them. To ensure transparency, changes must be men- (3) “Priority should be given to localities with a high number of population” tioned during the next RT.

(4) “Priority should be given to localities with schools” PHASE

• Appoint an expert who prepares criteria with indicators and sets scales Priority statements (1) and (2) address the same aspect: economic po- for each priority. For rayon priorities with corresponding criteria and tential. These similar statements are grouped (clustered) together un- indicators see Annex II. STRATEGIC der an appropriate heading which could be “to improve WSS in localities with economic potential”. In this example, priority statement (3) cannot • Check the criteria and indicators with the facilitation team and experts be grouped with other statements. The name for this cluster could be “to in the rayon according to the following questions: meet as many people as possible”. Priority statement (4) is already cov- −− Are they realistic or misleading? ered by the national priority “improve access of schools and pre-school −− Is there any data available for these criteria? students to the improved WSS facilities” and will not be used as a rayon −− If not, can data be gathered easily and how? priority. It is not possible to consider rayon priorities that contradict national priorities. • Gather necessary data. Some data might be available in rayon departments or other institutions. Data that does not exist needs to be Step 2-5: Presentation of grouped priorities surveyed, e.g. by telephone interviews with mayors.

Which resources are needed for making the priorities Duration: ca. 30min measurable? Expected outcome: Participants understand the rationale of grouping cards. Adaptations can be made. The final clusters are approved by the The formulation of criteria, indicator and scales must be done by an participants. expert. The relevant data is proposed by the facilitation team, RT Procedure: participants and rayon staff, but should be discussed with the ex- • Present the clusters and explain the reason for grouping the cards pert. Depending on the type of priorities and criteria, assistants can support with priority statements. the data gathering. • Ask the participants whether they agree with the grouping of the The expert will need approx. three to four days for preparing crite- priority statements and the names of the clusters. ria with indicators and to set scales for each priority. If the data al- • If participants do not agree with the clusters, regroup the cards or ready exist at rayon level, gathering them might be fast. However, rename the cluster. for some priorities and criteria, data needs to be surveyed. If this is the case, • Ask the participants to suggest data sources for the operationalisa- you need to plan at least ca. 30 minutes time for calling each mayor and tion of rayon priorities. documenting the information. In total a time span of three to four weeks • Participants may be eager to express their opinion on the priorities should be planned between RT 2 and 3. proposed by their colleagues. You may plan some extra time for discussion. 38 39

4.9 Round Table 3 – Completing the Preparation: Ranking Matrix • There are different weighting methods that can be used to give weight to the priorities. Their advantages and disadvantages have

FACILITATORS to be compared in order to choose an appropriate method (see A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A What are the objectives of the third Round Table? Toolbox, Chapter 10.10). • The participants understand the criteria and indicators that were defined for the rayon priorities • Depending on the weighting method you choose, you may need an expert for support. • The rayon priorities are weighted by participants • Prepare a presentation on the weighting method. • The number of rayon priorities is reduced to a manageable amount (max. 4) • The final ranking matrix is completed Procedure: PHASE • Present the weighting method. Step 3-1: Presentation on rayon priorities with indicators and scales • Let the participants give weight to the priorities in individual work. The following sentence may guide them: “Which of these priorities STRATEGIC is more important to you and should have more weight?” Duration: ca. 30min Expected outcome: Participants understand the criteria and indicators that were defined for rayon priorities. In the pilot implementation of the approach, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was chosen: “At the core of the Analytic Hi- Preparation: Prepare presentation and handout erarchy Process lies a method for converting subjective assess- ments of relative importance to a set of overall weights” (Dodgson, The following questions should be answered: Spackman, Pearman, & Phillips, 2009: 127). The pair wise comparison of • What were the steps between the 2nd and the 3rd RT? priorities seemed to be convenient for participants. Moreover, this method is • How does the final matrix look (including national priorities) that is very precise. However, its complexity requires expertise in the area of math- ematics. going to be completed during RT 3? • Which rayon priorities were proposed during RT 2? Step 3-3: Calculation of the final weights • Which criteria, indicators and scales have been defined for rayon Duration: ca. 30min priorities? Expected outcome: The matrix is completed Preparation: Step 3-2: Weighting of rayon priorities • Depending on the weighting method, you may need an expert for the calculation. • Since the RT participants are not involved in this step, it is recom- Duration: ca. 30min mended that they recess for lunch break. Expected outcome: Participants assign weight to each priority. Procedure: • The facilitators calculate the final weights. • A reasonable amount of rayon priorities with the highest weights (as a general rule, max. 4) is included in the final matrix. 40 41

of a scoring matrix allows examining the situation of each locality against Step 3-4: Presentation of the weighting results these different criteria. The box below gives an example of how priorities are made measurable by assigning scores, i.e. assigning values according to a scale: FACILITATORS Duration: ca. 10min A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A Expected outcome: The participants get to know the final matrix Box 4‑1: Example priority with criterion and indicators

Preparation: Prepare presentation National priority 1: Reduce water related morbidity The following questions should be answered: Criterion: Priority is given to localities with bad water quality, defined as: number of wells (including artesian) and springs where water quality does not cor- • How have the weights been calculated? respond to standards for drinking water. • Which priorities were ranked highest? Indicator: Number of wells (including artesian wells) and springs in the local- PHASE • What does the final matrix with priorities and weights look like? ity where water quality: • does not correspond to 3 indexes and more: 1 point for each 10%; Step 3-5: Presentation of the next steps of the SEDS chapter elaboration • does not correspond to 2 indexes: 1 point for each 20%; STRATEGIC • does not correspond to 1 index: 1 point for each 30%. In this case, localities in which a lot of wells do not meet GOST indicators Duration: ca. 10min receive a high score. Expected outcome: The participants are informed on the way forward (Source: GIZ 2011) Preparation: With the help of the scoring matrix, the total score for each locality of the • Prepare presentation rayon is calculated (see Table 4‑3). Localities with a high total score, i.e. The following questions should be answered: with urgent need for improved WSS services, are on top of the list. Locali- • How will the scores of the localities and the clusters be combined? ties with a low total score, i.e. whose WSS service provision is better, are • What other elements will feed into the SEDS chapter? ranked lower. Table 4‑3: Simplified example of multi-criteria analysis for two localities 4.10 Ranking Locality A Locality B Why do localities need to be ranked? Priority - - Public resources are scarce and may be insufficient to satisfy all the local /Criterion needs. Hence, we need to decide which localities have the most urgent Weight Weight Scores Scores Weight Weight (points) (points) need for improved WSS services and thus should be addressed primarily. ed score ed score Therefore, we need to rank localities according to their individual needs. A Priority is given needs-based decision on investments is transparent and coherent to na- to localities with bad water quality, tional and international WSS strategies. defined as: number of wells and 4 0.6 2.4 2 0.6 1.2 How is the ranking of localities carried out? springs where water quality does As a result of Round Tables 1 - 3, a set of national and weighted rayon priori- not correspond to standards for ties was defined. Through Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) these priorities and drinking water. their corresponding criteria are used for the ranking of localities. The use 42 43

Locality A Locality B What is a cluster? A cluster is a geographical area of localities that share WSS infrastructure Priority or management. Depending on the type of cooperation, there are different /Criterion FACILITATORS options for clustering: A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A score score Weight Weight Scores Scores (points) (points)

Weighted Weighted Weighted • Clusters with a common water infrastructure, i.e. a water supply network, reservoirs, pumps, wells or water abstraction. Priority 2 / 1 0.2 0.2 1 0.2 0.2 Criterion 2 • Clusters with a common organisation of water services, i.e. there is Priority 3 / one Apa Canal for all localities grouped in one cluster. 4 0.2 0.8 3 0.2 0.6 Criterion 3 • Clusters in which water services are organised separately, but a PIU Total score 3.4 2.0 (project implementation unit) prepares larger investment projects and PHASE provides some services for water providers in the localities. This could (Source: GIZ 2012) also be a transitional solution before joint organization of water services takes place. STRATEGIC What resources are needed? The optimal operational area for water and sanitation services is based on a The ranking should be done by an expert. It requires profound study of the water supply situation. It is assumed that sanitation services will knowledge of the MCA methodology and of the data collected dur- follow the organisation of water services. This is because there are signifi- ing the situation analysis. cant problems with water quality in Moldova which determines how the area for water services should look. It is easier to adjust sanitation services to Up to one week is needed for ranking and double checking. the proposed operational area as most of the localities are small with huge distances between them. Thus, the wastewater treatment will be better organised if decentralised in each locality, or another solution will be chosen instead of a long-distance transmission of wastewater between localities. 4.11 Clustering How is the clustering carried out? What is inter-municipal cooperation and why is it needed? • The first step is an inventory of the existing water sources (see Chap- Inter-municipal cooperation (IMC) refers to the cooperation between locali- ter 3.4). The obtained information on the existing water infrastructure ties to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery. In the is entered into a Geographic Information System (GIS). recent past, communities worldwide have experienced the necessity to co- • Based on the collected information, experts elaborate several feasible operate, being increasingly confronted with challenges for the supply of lo- technical options on how to address the water supply challenges in cal public services such as: financial shortages, changes in demands on the entire rayon. This is done by considering use of the existing water infrastructure due to demographic shifts, international competitiveness, and sources and/or build new water intakes for surface water. It also has to growing social and environmental problems. An important aspect of IMC is be examined whether the given water source could supply one local- the regionalisation of public services. Regionalisation can be understood as ity, several localities, or even the entire rayon. This depends on the a clustering, or grouping of utilities providing public services such as wa- capacity of the water source and the availability of water sources with ter supply and sanitation services. The regionalisation of public services is a good quality of water. used to increase efficiency and to lower costs by making use of economies • For each proposed option, the needed infrastructure is determined: of scale, as opposed to stand-alone solutions. −− Pumping stations and their capacity −− Water mains and distribution network and their diameters 44 45

− − Water towers and reservoirs and their capacity A ranked list of localities is not as meaningful as the list of clusters, −− Water treatment plants for surface water intakes and their capacity because the clusters will be the planning unit. The ranking also does not divide localities and/or clusters in those which will receive • In the next step, the investment and operating costs for each option investments and those which will not. It rather gives an overview

FACILITATORS have to be calculated. on the extent and time frame of the planned measures. Thus, clusters with a A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A • For each option a simplified cost benefit analysis is carried out.10 low priority will also be included in the Action Plan, e.g. with soft measures. When communicating the results of the ranking, it is very important to keep • On the basis of the cost benefit analysis, the experts give recommen- that in mind. dations on which options to choose.

What resources are needed? The clustering must be done by WSS engineers. They will be sup- 4.13 Round Table 4 – Feedback on Clustering PHASE ported by assistants and the mayors of the rayon during data collection (see Chapter 3.4). Results and Input Elaboration for Action

Three to four weeks are needed to elaborate feasible technical op- Plan STRATEGIC tions, determine the needed infrastructure and to realize the cost and cost-benefit calculations. What are the objectives of RT 4? • The facilitators raise awareness on the importance of IMC. 4.12 Combining Ranking and Clustering • To present different clusters and technical options for WSS services that have been elaborated by experts. It has been said already that WSS investments should not be planned and • To give information on the results of the ranking of localities and clus- implemented as isolated projects, but rather in the form of regionalised clusters and to obtain feedback from the participants on the ranked clusters. Thus, it is necessary to calculate the score not only for each locality, ters presented. but also for the clusters. The scores achieved by all localities in one cluster have to be summed up and divided by the total population of the cluster. In • The participants chose mid-term objectives for the rayon. the simplified example below, the green cluster has the highest priority be- • The participants get to know the Action Plan draft. The expert cause the localities in this cluster are on top of the ranking list. planner(s) receive input on what kind of measures are needed most urgently (“quick interventions”). Figure 4‑3: Simplified example for combination of ranking and clustering • The participants are informed on the final updating steps.

Locality Cluster How is the event conducted? Rayon A At this event the experts’ unique role is to repeatedly: a) highlight the neces- C B sity for IMC; b) call upon a pro-active rayon that has the chance to design D a strategy. E There also needs to be space for the participants to ask questions, discuss F G and give feedback on the most needed measures to be included in the Ac- tion Plan. In the following, a sequence for the event is proposed.

10 In the pilot process, the Dynamic Generation Cost methodology was used for the cost- benefitanalysis. 46 47

Step 4-1: Linking RT 3 and 4 Step 4-3: Discussion on clustering

FACILITATORS Duration: ca. 5 – 10min Duration: ca. 30min A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A Expected outcome: The participants are informed about the activities Expected outcome: The participants reflect on the new information that have been conducted since RT 3: Ranking localities, definition of and give feedback. The facilitators and experts get an impression of the clusters and integration of both. stakeholder’s opinion on the topics presented. Preparation: Keep this presentation short. It may be held orally, i.e. with- Preparation: Some guiding questions for the discussion have to be pre- out a Power Point presentation. pared, such as: The following questions should be answered: • What are your experiences with IMC? PHASE

• How did the ranking of localities take place? • What is your opinion on IMC?/ Do you have any concerns regarding IMC? • What is a cluster and how was the clustering carried out? • What is your opinion on the cluster options? STRATEGIC • How were both results integrated? • However, there is also the need to identify more specific questions, Step 4-2: Presentation on clusters and technical options taking into account the concrete situation and options of the rayon. Alternative: You may also consider having small group discussions if you want to increase the individual level of involvement of participants. In Duration: ca. 30min this case, you should give clear tasks to the small groups (e.g. to discuss Expected outcome: The participants get to know the technical options pros and cons for IMC). However, the advantage of a plenary discus- for WSS provision of the rayon and the respective clusters. They under- sion is that the participants can directly discuss with the experts and can stand the advantages of regionalisation. choose the discussion topics freely (i.e. without sticking to a given group work task). Preparation: Ask expert to prepare a presentation, focusing on general information The following questions should be answered: • Why is regionalisation needed?/ What are the international experiences with IMC? • What are the technical options for WSS provision of the rayon? • What are the clusters in which the rayon can be grouped? • If there are different technical options/ cluster options, what are the respective advantages/ disadvantages of each option, e.g. in terms of investment cost or tariffs? • What are, according to the experts, the recommendations and conclusions from the analysis? 48 49

Step 4-4: Presentation of ranking results Step 4-5: Presenting and choosing mid-term objectives

Procedure: • Present the proposed mid-term objectives. FACILITATORS Duration: ca. 20min A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A • Let the participants choose two to three mid-term objectives in indi- Expected outcome: The participants get to know the results of the pri- vidual work by ticking a box on their sheet. oritisation. However, the focus should not be on the ranking of localities, but on the ranking of clusters. • If participants ask whether they should vote for the most realistic one or the one they like most, tell them to choose the latter. Preparation: Ask expert to prepare a presentation • Collect the sheets and assess the votes. The following questions should be answered: • Present the result to the RT participants.

• Why is prioritisation needed? PHASE

• What are national and rayon priorities and how was the prioritisation done? Step 4-6: Presentation of the Action Plan STRATEGIC • What is the result of the ranking of the localities? (show only beginning of list) Duration: ca. 30min • What is the result of the ranking of clusters? Expected outcome: The participants get to know the Action Plan struc- • What consequences does the ranking of clusters have for further ture and draft. planning, especially regarding the Action Plan? • After the presentation, participants may ask questions and discuss. Preparation: • Prepare a handout with an Action Plan template. In that event, the participants receive a lot of new information. • Ask expert to prepare a presentation which explains the types of Thus, it is very important to keep the information digestible: keep presentations simple, avoid too much technical information, focus measures in the Action Plan and includes illustrating examples. on the key messages only. It is important to review the expert’s • Prepare a presentation with the criteria on which the calculations for presentations in advance and possibly adapt them. Make sure that the par- the proposed measures are based. ticipants do not misunderstand the information. It is absolutely essential to present the ranking results in a sensitive way (see Chapter 4.10). A brief presentation is given by the expert planner(s). The following questions should be answered: • What level of detail is feasible? Step 4-5: Presenting and choosing mid-term objectives • On which criteria are the calculations based?

Duration: ca. 30min Expected outcome: The participants get to know the SMART mid-term objectives (see Chapter 4.1) and choose two to three for the rayon. Preparation: Ask expert to prepare a presentation with proposed mid- term objectives (a max. of five) and voting sheets with instruction for all participants. 50 51

Step 4-7: Group work on Action Plan Step 4-8: Presentation of M & E plan

FACILITATORS Duration: ca. 1h 15min Duration: ca. 10min A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A Expected outcome: Participants understand that developing the Action Expected outcome: The participants get to know the draft M & E plan Plan is a dynamic process in need of their ownership. They suggest con- with responsibilities, budget and timing. crete measures that can be done soon (“quick interventions”). This may Preparation: refer to Capacity Development, awareness-raising, and further support needed. They also clarify available resources, time frame and respon- • Prepare short presentation on the M & E plan which contains: data sibilities. collection and analysis, project documentation and feedback with beneficiaries and partners. PHASE An additional purpose is to find out the best way of implementing IMC, to prepare the LPA 1 for IMC, and include these measures in the Action The following questions should be answered: Plan. • Why is M & E needed within the SEDS? STRATEGIC • Preparation: Prepare material for group work (flipcharts with questions, Who is responsible for M & E? marker) Step 4-9: Outlook on the final steps in the SEDS updating process Procedure: • Divide the whole group into small homogeneous groups. • The participants have approx. 45 min to discuss the following ques- Duration: ca. 5 – 10min tions: Expected outcome: The participants are informed on the way forward. • What are the most urgent capacities needed to implement the strat- Preparation: egy? What resources (financial, personnel) are available? • You may prepare a timeline. 1. What capacities are needed to provide a regionalised service? • You may also prepare a small gift for RT participants, e.g. a CD with What resources are available? photos or a certificate. 2. What can be done to raise awareness on IMC, water tariffs and water quality? Is support needed? The following questions should be answered: 3. How can it be ensured that LPA I implements the strategy? How • When is the rayon council expected to approve the strategy? can the strategy be linked with the regional and/or national level • When will the final SEDS chapter be published, or be presented to and with other sectors? the public? • The groups visualise their answers on a flipchart. • The groups present their results in the plenary (approx. 30 min) It is recommended that the expert planner(s) who worked on the clustering and who will be designing the Action Plan meet with the rayon president between RT 3 and RT 4 to discuss sources of fi- The elaboration of the Action Plan input in small groups proved very nance and to prepare for the political decision which is to be taken important to create ownership of the participants with regard to the by the rayon council. In addition, the commitment from the mayors to align implementation of the Action Plan in the pilot. The groups were com- their local strategies with the SEDS is important and it may be useful to take posed as follows: 1. Civil society; 2. LPA 2; 3. LPA 1 together with part in a mayor’s meeting to receive both their political commitment and “no Apa Canal. objection”. 52 53

Additional event with all mayors 2. Enhance understanding: The whole prioritisation process is complex. To enhance the participants’ understanding, the moderator needs to: In order for the expert planner(s) to understand the level of acceptance of • IMC in priority clusters an additional event with all mayors and representa- Do not strain the participants’ concentration capacities. Keep presentations short and precise. Make sure the actual working time of each FACILITATORS tives of LPA 1 administrations needs to be conducted. It should follow the A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A lines of RT 4: RT (i.e. excluding breaks) does not exceed four hours. • • Informing about the WSS situation in their rayon and the ongoing plan- Always include question and answer sessions after the presentation ning process as well as ask frequently if there are questions, especially when participants look frustrated or puzzled. • Presenting and discussing clusters and technical options • Make use of visualisation. Put posters with important information (e.g. • Conducting an assessment on necessary capacities to be developed communication rules, objectives of the RTs, priorities) on the wall. This for implementing IMC helps participants to absorb the information. PHASE

Crucial concerns and possible obstacles can then be identified and consid- • Give assistance to the working groups, if needed. ered when continuing the planning process. • Make clear how each activity is related to the final product of the T.R STRATEGIC On the basis of these decisive stakeholder inputs, experts will then com- 3. Link Round Tables with each other: To enhance understanding, it is plete the Action Plan. also useful to link the RTs with each other. There are a couple of meas- The understanding and commitment of the mayors for IMC is ures you can make use of: needed to successfully implement regionalisation in the future. • Document outputs of group works and put them into the folders of the However, this event is not enough to prepare the localities for IMC. next RT. Make reference to the outputs of former RTs. There have to be more awareness-raising activities simultane- ously, which also include the local council. • Make use of repetitions. They help to “digest” all the new information. • Always give an outlook on the next RT. 4. Help participants to understand their role: Participants were invited 4.14 Hints for Round Table Facilitators to the RTs as representatives of interest groups. It is important, to: There are a couple of practical hints that help to manage the RTs success- • Stress that each perspective is needed for a comprehensive set of fully: rayon priorities. 1. Ensure message control: Make sure that objectives and limits of the • Make sure participants understand their importance and responsibility. SEDS updating are clearly communicated in order to not create wrong Preparing and announcing a certificate (simple, 1 page) - stating the expectations. The prioritisation of villages is a delicate issue. Partici- participant´s continuous contribution to all 4 RTs - might serve as a pants may think that at the end of the prioritisation one village will be the stimulus for and respectful gesture towards their commitment. “winner” and receive funds. In order not to cause misunderstandings, it • Encourage participants to act as representatives of their group, rather should be made clear that: than as individuals, e.g. in the group work. • There will be no “winner village”. The score of each village will be used for calculating the scores of the clusters. Personal Notes On The Strategic Phase • The clusters with high scores will not automatically receive funds. The scores are used to identify measures that will be proposed in the Ac- tion Plan. • In addition, message control can be done informally, e.g. during the breaks by having short chats with participants. 55

PLANNING OPERATIONAL 55 PHASE 66 PHASE 5.1 Necessary Measures to Achieve Stated 6.1 Elaborating the Action Plan Objectives What needs to be covered in the Action Plan? What are necessary measures? The Action Plan is a list of activities necessary for the achievement of each medium-term objective. It comprises in detail both priority investments as Necessary measures are derived from SMART mid-term objectives (see well as soft measures which contribute to the realisation of the agreed pri- Chapter 4.1). They give an orientation for the operationalisation, i.e. the orities. concrete, short-term activities to be defined in the Action Plan (see Figure 4‑1). The guiding question is: What measures do we need to achieve the For each activity, the WSS Action Plan matrix takes into account respon- PHASE objectives? sibilities, time frame and deadlines, costs (investment, operational, soft measures), funding sources and modalities of funding, as well as indi- Box 5‑1: Necessary measures to achieve stated objectives for WSS cators for monitoring and evaluation (see Toolbox, Chapter 10.11). OPERATIONAL Mid-term objectives and necessary measures may be related to: The implementation of the Action Plan needs to be assessed annually and • management of WSS services is supposed to be subject to changes. This is why it is not an integral part of • information and awareness the strategy, but in fact will be included in the Annex of the SEDS. • existing infrastructure improvement 11 • new regionalised infrastructure Box 6‑1: Types of measures included in the Action Plan

In the Action Plan, three types of measures are detailed: Who identifies necessary measures? • Soft measures, such as the preparation for so-called “quick interventions” and big investments, or Capacity Development1 An expert in the area derives mid-term objectives from the set of rayon pri- • “Quick interventions”, especially those needed to upgrade the exist- orities according to the SMART rules. As an example: ing infrastructure; Outcome Rayon priority no. X: To improve ______• Big investments for priority clusters level Output O-R-X.1: Percentage of _ _ _ _ O-X.2: Number of XYZ in cluster _ _ _ _ _ by year ZZZZ. XYZ by year ZZZZ. level How is the Action Plan elaborated?

Mid-term objectives are proposed, discussed and agreed upon during RT An expert prepares the Action Plan: 4. If needed, the expert may further specify them, so that they abide by 11 See examples in the Toolbox, Chapter 10.11 SMART rules (see Chapter 4.1). The expert also translates them into necessary measures, which serves as an input for the Action Plan elaboration. 56 57

• Using mid-term objectives for orientation and partners. The M & E plan could be developed in consultation with • Meeting with the rayon administration to: a) clarify the proposed clus- major stakeholders. ter and technical options, b) find out about available resources (identifying local and national funding options), and c) related projects Who establishes the M & E plan? FACILITATORS A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A • Paying particular attention to projects implemented through inter-mu- Planning experts define SMART indicators for the implementation of the nicipal cooperation. Action Plan. Milestones of the Action Plan are presented and discussed at RT 4 and a For each indicator included in the M & E plan, the following information special event for all mayors (see Chapter 4.13), where stakeholders will of- should be provided: fer information on their potential contributions and expectations. • Definition of indicator • Baseline values, including dates and source(s) of data 6.2 Elaborating a Framework for the • Data collection method (e.g. household surveys, rayon’s registers, na- Monitoring & Evaluation of the tional, statistics) Implementation • Frequency of data collection (e.g. monthly, quarterly or annually) • Unit/person responsible for data collection and reporting Why is the M & E framework needed? Who is responsible for M & E? Once the updated SEDS chapter is adopted by the rayon council, it is nec- The rayon’s economics department is responsible for the monitoring. The essary to regularly monitor the successful and timely implementation of the self-evaluation depends on the rayon’s knowledge of M & E, as well as its

Action Plan, in order to: PHASE capacities with respect to time, human and financial resources. M & E cost • Keep the implementation of the Action Plan on track and activities have to be part of the budget and annual work plan. For an • Identify difficulties with the timely and efficient attainment of implemen- ongoing and effective monitoring of day-to-day implementation, a specialist

tation objectives with required technical expertise is needed. OPERATIONAL • Revise planned activities, modify the Action Plan and, if necessary, Key stakeholders may also involve themselves in monitoring the Action update the strategy Plan implementation. Therefore the rayon administration needs to provide • Check whether the planned results are still relevant for achieving the access to relevant information. An annual report should be distributed to key envisioned objectives, the national and rayon priorities stakeholders, such as the rayon council, relevant departments of the rayon • Deliver progress reports to the department which is responsible for administration, and those involved during the definition of rayon priorities overseeing the implementation of the plan for WSS investments at the round tables. Annual meetings to discuss the achievements are also recommended. • Regularly communicate the progress on achieving results to the public

What is included in the M & E plan? 6.3 Writing a SEDS Chapter • The M & E plan describes how the M & E system works, i.e. it provides Until now the SEDS chapter updating process required the input of technical information on activities that will be carried out including the responsi- experts. Writing a SEDS chapter calls for an expert in strategy formulation. ble unit, budget and timing12. The M & E plan contains: data collection His/Her task is to transform the updating results (situation analysis, long-, and analysis, project documentation and feedback with beneficiaries mid- and short-term objectives, priorities) into a concise and focused stra tegy.

12 See examples in the Toolbox, Chapter 10.12.3 58 59

Presenting the SEDS chapter to the rayon president Remember, the rayon´s SEDS will comprise various chapters. To keep it practicable, aim at a chapter on WSS of around 12 pages. Before initiating public hearings, the SEDS chapter draft needs to be presented to the president of the rayon. For this occasion a provision on the

FACILITATORS organization of the public hearings should be prepared and signed by the A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A president. What are prerequisites for writing a SEDS chapter The person should be (or become) familiar with the technical, institutional, Public Hearings financial and socio-economic aspects of the strategy. He/She also needs to Public Hearings (PH) as a means to strengthen democracy are provided for be proficient in pinning down complex topics to their essentials. by both the Constitution and other regulations.13 Public hearing procedures This task may be outsourced to consulting/planning agencies. In the long are governed by legal provisions. However, they strongly depend on the run strategy experts may also be trained within the rayon administration´s inspiration and initiative of the general public, as well as on the professional- staff. ism of local officials (mayors, counsellors, specialists). This is why they have to be carefully organised and coordinated by the facilitators. 6.4 Presenting the Results Step 1: Organising Public Hearing activities

What are the objectives of presenting the results of the Duration: 1 month SEDS chapter updating? • To inform stakeholders and the broad public about the content of the Expected outcomes: PHASE rayon´s SEDS chapter • Public consultation activities, i.e. public hearings, are prepared by • To collect citizens’ opinions and identify their support of the elaborated the facilitators jointly with the rayon administration/secretary of the objectives and strategy rayon council. OPERATIONAL • To obtain feedback on the necessary changes to the proposed actions • Assistance to the rayon administration in developing their capacities so that they will be accepted by the public for public consultations and hearings is provided by the facilitators. • To familiarize citizens with the purpose and methods of citizen participation Responsibilities: Rayon administration (Local team): Logistics; Invitation of the As outlined in Chapter 3.3 of this Process Description, transparency is a participants; Coordination with mayors and public institutions re- prerequisite to create ownership and commitment of the local population garding distribution of information material. with the district´s Socio-Economic Development Strategy. The following sequence of presenting the SEDS chapter updating results is recommended NGO/RDA: Preparation of workshop and public hearing presentations; in order to fulfil the stated objectives. It may be implemented in cooperation Conduction of a preparation workshop on public consultation. with a local NGO that is committed and experienced with motivating broad RDA: Coordination of the process; Logistics (including transportation); civil society participation. Elaboration, printing and distribution of summary information material to 1. Present the SEDS chapter to the rayon president PH participants. 2. Organise and conduct public hearings 3. Make adaptations to the SEDS chapter draft 13 The principle of “public consultation on local matters of particular concern” stated in Article 4. Present the final SEDS chapter draft to the rayon council 109 of the Moldovan Constitution forms the basis for the constitutional practice of public hearings. Public authorities are obliged “to provide adequate information to citizens on public affairs” (Article 34 of the Constitution, as well as Law No. 239 of 13.11.2008 on transparency in decision making). In addition, Article 58 of the Constitution, which requires citizens to contribute “to public spending through taxes” also provides for their right to be consulted about the use of local public resources. 60 61

Step 1: Organising Public Hearing activities Step 1: Organising Public Hearing activities Activities: After each public hearing session it is recommended to hold a 1. One day workshop with rayon administration/ secretary of rayon

FACILITATORS feedback round to discuss all challenges and to make adjust- A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A council ments to the Action Plan! The aim of this workshop is to deepen the rayon administration´s understanding and capacities of holding public consultations and hearings. 3. Distribution of information material Its outcome should be an Action Plan including the responsibilities for • The above mentioned material is the information base for the sub- each activity. sequent public hearings. Therefore it is highly recommended to dis- Recommended methods are presentations, brainstorming and group tribute and present it to the public at least two weeks before the work providing for sufficient space to pose questions and discuss doubts. hearings start. The following material will be needed: • The material should be placed on the rayon council and RDA web • Presentation on public hearings and citizens participation including: sites, displayed on information boards in all municipalities and in all Legal framework; Responsibilities of LPAs; Forms of consulting the public institutions, as well as published in the local media public; Methods to ensure citizens´participation; Definition, strengths • It is essential to actively involve mayors in disseminating the material. and weaknesses of public hearings They need to be informed well in advance and instructed carefully. • Presentation on the SEDS updating process and results • Moderation plan Step 2: Conducting Public Hearings • Draft structure of an Action Plan Duration: At least during a period of 15 days, following the pres- 2. Individual work with public hearing team on the Action Plan for entation of the SEDS chapter draft to the rayon president. PHASE PH Each public hearing takes about 2-3 hours. • Establish the organizational team for each activity Expected outcome: Public consultation is realized and provides for in- • Agree on the list of persons and institutions to be invited to the formed feedback on the content of the SEDS chapter. public hearings. OPERATIONAL Responsibilities: The Action Plan should be as detailed as possible. A high level of detail Rayon administration (Local team): Logistics; Presenting the will provide for a smooth organization and for involving all members of SEDS chapter updating process; Keeping minutes and reading out the Local Team. participants´ proposals for adaptation of the SEDS chapter draft. The Action Plan for public hearings needs to include: NGO/RDA: Moderation of the public hearings (including notification rules for efficient implementation of the PH; Presentation of PH goals and ob- a) the logistic preparation (room, amplification equipment, multimedia jectives, e.g. the role of public hearings for democratic governance and equipment, screens etc.) the legal framework for public consultation); Collection of the proposals b) the preparation and distribution of the announcement and infor- for adaptation of the SEDS chapter draft. mation material on public hearings RDA: Coordination of the process; Logistics; Keeping minutes; Evalua- tion of the meetings. c) the preparation and distribution of information material on the SEDS chapter draft (summarizing the main points) Activities: Public hearings may vary concerning scope and number of participants. Aim at holding at least 3-5 meetings, reaching a minimum of 200-300 citizens. In this way people will become increasingly familiar with this tool of public consultation and will participate ever more actively. 62 63

Step 2: Conducting Public Hearings Adaptations to the SEDS chapter draft The following formats are recommended not as alternatives, but as com- Following up the public hearings, the SEDS chapter draft needs to be re- plementary hearings: vised. This is done by a revision team consisting of the experts/authors of

FACILITATORS the draft, the rayon administration, RDA/ and the local NGO. The team´s

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A • Public hearing and information meeting for mayors • Public hearings for citizens in the sub-regions of the rayon (may be tasks are to: according to the identified clusters within the rayon) • Decide on the relevance and applicability of the proposals received at • Public hearings at rayon level (with representatives of the adminis- the public hearings tration, decentralized state services etc.) • Modify, adjust and complete the draft strategy on the basis of those • Public hearings may also be organised in working collectives, other proposals public institutions, economic entities etc. • Prepare a final document to be presented for approval at the rayon Material/Costs: council meeting. • Power Point presentation on SEDS chapter and updating process • (Power Point) Summary on the SEDS chapter and on public hear- Presentation to the Rayon Council ings, 1-2 pages each, multiplied for distribution to participants of This last step contains more than the formal presentation of the SEDS public hearings (ca. 400 copies) chapter. Not all council members will be familiar with the chapter. To en- • Evaluation questionnaires sure comprehension of the document before voting on it, a short overview of the SEDS updating process and results should be given (e.g. the one • Notebooks, Paper, Pens for the workshop on public hearings). • Transportation costs PHASE Also be aware of the political dimension of the SEDS chapter: Most rayon councils are unfamiliar with the idea and details of inter-municipal coopera- Crucial to the success of a public hearing are two factors: tion (IMC) and clusters. A cautious introduction into this topic might facili-

tate their acceptance and support. OPERATIONAL 1. The following message needs to come across: Public hearings are a way for democratic governance. They enable the promotion of The rayon council´s approval may be the last step of the SEDS opinions, suggestions and ideas, which are then included in the chapter updating. But at the same time it is a kick-off for similar participatory planning activities. As an incentive for future partici- SEDS chapter. pation, make sure all Round Table participants receive a copy of It is therefore very important to have an external moderator, as- the approved SEDS chapter. This is a sign of appreciation of the time they took to assist the updating process and give their inputs. suring impartiality and improving the confidence of participants! 2. Potential intense emotional exchanges are to be avoided to en- Personal Notes On The Operational Phase sure a sound and prudent deliberation. Keep in mind that the public hearing is not meant to be a direct and immediate questions and answers session. Instead, this event is exclusively for the local administration to listen to citizens. Conflicting reactions may arise and strong or even emotional citizens may want to express themselves. In such cases the local administration should dedicate time reflecting on what was said in the public hearings. Conclusions may then be presented in a possible future meeting, open to citizens. 14 (see Table them totheMDGtargets whencomparing thanRiscani is moreadvanced Cahul assessment. Overall,interms ofserviceaccessforthepopulation, data of time the at available made been has data quality wells’ the of part only as made, be to yet has wells rayon’s the of quality water the of ation technically functionalhasto be consideredwithcaution. A general evalu River. The totalnumberofwells, comparedtothethatisconsidered historical reasons, and is also due to the proximity of Cahul town to the Prut erage collection is higher comparedto Riscani rayon. This probablyhas sew as well supply,as water drinking centralised both to level household ofCahul’sDue tothesizeandimportance urbancentre,theaccesson town as oneofthecountry’s withCahul more urbanised, southerncenters. is slightly meet thosetargets.Cahul the rayons to which the degree dicate in to used are targets (MDG) Goal Development Millennium water-related access inthelocalitiesofCahulandRiscanirayons.For both,thenational on thecurrentstateofWSSservice an overview give below The tables 7.2 implementation oftheapproach. that becameevidentduringthepilot tential ofparticipatorydistrictplanning for the po as evidence can beseen and ment totheProcessDescription Description. asacomple The outcomesshownhereshouldbeunderstood participatory SEDS updating approach, explained in the preceding Process the of steps methodological the illustrate to is chapter this of objective The 7.1 7

7 sessed. The comparison thusshouldbe understood asanillustration. The present to tableisnotusing thesameunitswithrespect MDGtargets andthedata as Water SupplyandSanitationSituation Purpose andScope 7‑1 and Table 7‑2 ). TESTING THE PILOT RESULTS OF EXAMPLES – PRACTICAL - 14 - - - - -

Table Ofwhichrural(total No. oflocalities(out No. oflocalities(out Of whichrural(total Decentralised Wa Centralised Water GOST QualityIndi GOST QualityIndi Compared toMDG Compared toMDG Sewerage access No. ofhouseholds No. ofhouseholds cators forsources cators forsources Ofwhichincities Total population Of whichincities (as of01.01.10) of 53assessed) of 53assessed) Cahul: 124,400 (total &relative) (total &relative) (total &relative) (total &relative) Drinking water ter Supply 7 & relative) & relative) ‑ access Supply 1 target target : Factsheet WSS situation Cahul rayon - - - the sources the sources 657 wellsor30.7%havebeentestedonwaterquality, andcom wastewater collection/treat The 22localitieswithoutaccesstocentralisedwatersupplyuse respond to respond to ses weremadefor997sources, the totalnumberofwellsisnot 45.8% of 80.8% of In thelocalitieswithcentralisedsystem ofwatersupplyanaly With accesstocentralised With accesstocentralised fully cor fully cor GOST GOST 12,528 /91,97% 20,097 /49,25% 12,082 /29,6% 11,795 /86,6% Urban: 40,700 2015 target:65%;Present:29.6%;Gap:35.4% 2015 target:65%;Present:49.3%;Gap:15.7% 7,569 /27,8% water supply 287/1,06% - - water from2,136minewellsandsprings ment correspond to1 correspond to1 31 5 7.4% donot 9.4% donot pared totheGOST standards: indicator indicator available - correspond to2 correspond to2 ised wastewatercollection/ 35.3% donot Without accesstocentral Without accesstocentral 1.9% donot indicators indicators ised watersupply 26,902/98,94% 20,715 /50,75% 28,730 /70,4% 19,620 /72,2% 1,828/13,4% Rural: 83,700 1,095 /8,03% treatment 50 22 to 3ormore to 3ormore 9.9% donot 9.4% donot correspond correspond indicators indicators - - - - 65 PRACTICAL EXAMPLES – RESULTS OF THE PILOT TESTING 66 67

Infrastructure, 21,8% of the existing network exceeded the average useful life For households with a centralised water supply system analyses centralised for the respective infrastructure category were made for 394 sources. Infrastructure, 10.9% do Functional / non-functional tube wells: 57/49 72.3% of the decentralised 16.8% do not 0% do not cor- not cor- sources fully correspond to 1 respond to 2 respond to FACILITATORS correspond to A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A (Source: GIZ 2011) Centralised Water indicator indicators 3 or more GOST Supply indicators Table 7‑2: Factsheet WSS situation Riscani rayon GOST Quality Indi- Households w/o access to centralised water supply use 4,933 cators for sources wells. 32% do Total population 38% of the 25% do not 5% do not cor- not cor- Riscani: 70,500 sources fully Urban: 18,800 Rural: 51,700 correspond to 1 respond to 2 respond to (as of correspond to indicator indicators 3 or more 01.01.2010) GOST indicators Drinking water With access to centralised Without access to central- Infrastructure, 28.3 % of the existing network exceeded average useful life for access water supply ised water supply centralised the respective infrastructure category No. of localities (out Infrastructure, 23 32 Functional / non-functional tube wells: 17 / 23 of 55 assessed) decentralised No. of households 9,562 / 32.5% 19,834 / 67.5% (total & relative) (Source: GIZ 2011) Of which in cities 4,527 / 70.5% 1,895 / 29.5% (total & relative) Of which rural 7.3 Rayon Teams and Stakeholder 5,035 / 21.9% 17,939 / 78.1% (total & relative) Involvement Compared to MDG 2015 target: 65%; Present: 32.5%; Gap: 32.5% target In the pilot-testing phase, the RDA facilitator managed a mixed team during With access to centralised Without access to central- the PPD process. This is indicated in the table below: Sewerage access wastewater collection / treat- ised wastewater collection / ment treatment Table 7‑3: Composition of the pilot rayon teams No. of localities (out 4 51 of 55 assessed) No. of households Composition of the rayon team Composition of the rayon team 2,118 / 7.2% 27,278 / 92.8% (total & relative) Cahul Riscani Of which in cities 2,109 / 32.8% 4,313 / 67.2% (total & relative) 1 RDA facilitator, Strategy and Planning 1 RDA facilitator, Head of Strategic Plan-

Specialist ning and Programing Section TESTING PILOT THE OF RESULTS – PRACTICAL EXAMPLES Of which rural (total 9 / 0.04% 22,965 / 99.96% & relative) 1 Vice President 1 Vice President Compared to MDG 2015 target: 65%; Present: 7.2%; Gap: 57.8 % target 1 Senior staff member, Economy Depart- 1 Head, Department for Resources and The 29 localities without access to centralised water supply use ment Sustainability of Investments water from 2,091 mine wells and springs. Decentralised 2 student assistants for logistics and 2 assistants for logistics and data gather- 23% do Water Supply 41% of the data gathering ing, 1 interpreter 22% do not 14% do not cor- not cor- GOST Quality Indi- sources fully correspond to 1 respond to 2 respond to cators for sources correspond to indicator indicators 3 or more The composition of participants from three sectors in both rayons is indicat- GOST indicators ed in the table below. Selection during the pilot implementation was carried out by the rayon administration and presidency with support by GIZ focal points familiar with the context. 68 69

Table 7‑4: Representation for the Stakeholder Dialogue in pilot rayons Cahul, Group LPA1 Riscani, Group NGOs • • Sector Cahul Riscani Contribution of information Dissemination of information Mayors representing LPA 1 6 6 concerning the localities concerning the updating pro- • Contribution to a good work- cess

FACILITATORS Rayon administration (LPA 2)

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A 11 13 and decentralised state services ing environment for the round • Mobilisation of the community Civil society, service providers and private sector 8 10 table process • Collaboration with LPA and Total 25 29 • The involvement of the lo- mass media cal actors in the process of • Assuring the transparency of A general observation is that attendance declined with each RT. In Riscani, updating the local socioeco- the activity out of 27 persons who were invited and took part in RT 1 (the rayon work- Contributions nomic strategy • Evaluation of the activity and ing group), only 8 were present at all RTs during the whole RT sequence. In • Awareness raising campaign assessment of the impact cre- both rayons, a representative of business was present only at RT 1. Only 5 informing the population ated out of 21 participants present at RT 1 participated in all RTs in Cahul. about the SEDS concerning In order to not hamper the comprehension of the whole SEDS updating water supply and sanitation. process and acceptance of results, the date for a RT has to be considered carefully and announced in advance in order to get feedback on the feasibil- Figure 7‑1: Group work presentation at Round Table 1 in Cahul rayon (step 1-4) ity of that date.

7.4 Round Table 1 The “kick-off’s” main objective was to clarify the purpose of the Stakehold- er Dialogue, and to make participants’ roles and interests transparent to their fellow stakeholders (see Chapter 4.6). Below, two example statements about expectations towards the process and the potential contributions by the respective groups are illustrated.

Table 7‑5: Expectations and contributions of stakeholder groups

Cahul, Group LPA1 Riscani, Group NGOs • The identification and prioriti- • The assurance of cooperation TESTING PILOT THE OF RESULTS – PRACTICAL EXAMPLES sation of local needs structures between NGOs • SEDS will reflect the true situ- and LPA2 (and also to other ation and provide concrete agents, i.e. Apa Canal) solutions for achieving the • Opportunities for design and objectives by using local and implementation of projects on regional resources the basis of feasibility studies • •

Expectations Opportunities to attract in- The promotion of the NGO as vestment a result of the involvement in • The management capacity of the process LPA will be developed • Assurance of improved living conditions for the population 70 71 7.5 Round Table 2 7.6 Round Table 3 The priorities elaborated by the rayon stakeholders, not yet weighted nei- During the third Round Table, participants weighted the priorities proposed ther checked concerning the availability of indicator data, were as follows: by them during RT 2. FACILITATORS A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A Table 7‑6: Unweighted, clustered priorities from the two rayons Table 7‑7: Priority weighting and selection in the two rayons

Cahul Riscani Priorities Weight To meet as many people as possible To support economic development To reduce water-related morbidity 0.25 To improve existing service provision To extend existing infrastructure To increase coverage of population with piped water supply 0.15 To improve access to WSS services for To ensure 24 hour provision of drinking water 0.15 public institutions (especially health cent- To make use of local contributions ers) To increase coverage with improved sanitation 0.15 66 % To support economic development To improve existing service provision To halt deterioration of existing WSS infrastructure 0.15

To improve living conditions in disadvan- National Priorities To improve access of (pre-)school students to improved WSS To make use of local contributions 0.15 taged localities facilities To improve access to WSS services for – public institutions Sum of national priorities’ weight 100% Cahul Riscani Rela- After the identification of potential priorities to be used for ranking locali- Final, selected Relative Final, selected priorities tive ties, a GOPA sector expert assisted the facilitation team in formulating cri- priorities weight weight teria and indicators in order to make the priorities tangible and comparable. To improve To support economic develop- These criteria and their respective indicators can be found in Annex II. Ad- 0.40 existing service 0.29 ment ditional data for each locality, not assessed during the collection of WSS provision data, was gathered by using the rayon economy department’s records, and To improve living To meet as many people as conditions in by conducting telephone interviews. 0.32 0.28 possible disadvantaged

Figure 7‑2: Round Table in Cahul rayon 33 % localities To improve To improve access to WSS Rayon Priorities access to WSS services for public institutions 0.28 0.22 services for pub- (health)

lic institutions TESTING PILOT THE OF RESULTS – PRACTICAL EXAMPLES To extend exist- – – ing WSS infra- 0.21 structure Sum of Riscani Sum of Cahul priorities’ weight 100% 100% priorities’ weight

The final selected priorities resulting from the weighting of priorities clearly illustrate how different the outcomes of participatory priority definition can be in different rayons. In Cahul, as well as in Riscani, participants voted for special attention to public institution’s WSS service access. The remaining two priorities in Cahul both have a nuance of economic sustainability: Sup- port for economic development and meeting many people implicitly favours 72 73

those localities that have a higher population and more economic activity need for improved WSS services is the highest. Table 7‑8 shows the ranking and potential. While this is also true for the highest ranked Riscani priority of localities. On the basis of this list, a ranked list of clusters was elaborated (to improve existing service provision implies prioritising those localities that (see Table 7‑9). are usually larger), the improvement of living conditions in disadvantaged

FACILITATORS Table 7‑8: Ranking of localities for Cahul rayon A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A localities and the extension of infrastructure have a notion of welfare and of overcoming disparities. No. Locality Population Points 1 Moscovei 3434 5.44 7.7 Results of the Clustering and 2 Borceag 1600 4.32 3 Lebedenco 723 4.04 Prioritisation 4 Alexandru Ioan Cuza 2624 3.97 5 Baurci Moldoveni 2205 3.81 7.7.1 Results for Cahul rayon 6 Manta+Pascani 3000 3.79 7 Brinza 2660 3.71 In Cahul rayon, there are two different scenarios for determining clusters. 8 Bucuria 822 3.47 In contrast to scenario A, scenario B divides the Northwest of the rayon into 9 Andrusul de Jos 2287 3.44 two clusters instead of one. However, expert analysis revealed that scenario 10 Pelinei 1738 3.40 A is more cost-efficient. (Source: GIZ 2012)

Figure 7‑3: Cluster scenarios A and B for Cahul rayon Table 7‑9: Ranking of clusters for Cahul rayon

Total points of all Total points No Cluster localities in the Population per 1000 of cluster population 1 cluster 4 (green) 9.01 3,207 2.808 2 cluster 6 (red) 62.81 25,010 2.511 cluster 3 (light 3 9.28 4,682 1.981 blue) 4 cluster 1 (blue) 50.21 29,467 1.704 5 cluster 2 (orange) 40.93 24,785 1.651 6 cluster 5 (violet) 16.89 25,555 0.661

(Source: GIZ 2012) TESTING PILOT THE OF RESULTS – PRACTICAL EXAMPLES

According to this ranking, highest priority is given to cluster 4. Thus, WSS infrastructure investment projects should first adress cluster 4. 7.7.2 Results for Riscani rayon

For Riscani rayon, there are three different cluster scenarios. In scenario (Source: GIZ 2012) A, one cluster covers the whole rayon. For the water provision within this cluster, there are basically two different options: either the water is taken The clustering provides technical and geographical solutions for the water from Prut river, or from Nistru river via the planned Soroca-Balti pipieline. In provision of the rayon. The next step is to determine in which cluster a fea- scenario B, 4 villages in the Southwest of the rayon form a separate cluster sibility study should be carried out. After the localities have been ranked, because they are the ones with good groundwater quality and could provide the ranking of clusters shows in which cluster priority is given, i.e. where the for their own water source. Scenario C divides the rayon into two cluster: 74 75

the Eastern part gets water from Nistru river and the Western part from Prut 7.8 Round Table 4 and 5 river. However, expert analysis revealed this option is not cost-efficient. In the pilot experience, two RTs were held after RT 3: RT 4 and RT 5. Never- Figure 7‑4: Cluster scenarios A, B and C for Riscani rayon theless, this Process Description recommends to only organise four events FACILITATORS

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the SEDS updating process. It was found that five RTs led to a high strain and certain tiredness of Round Tables as a tool among participants (e.g. diminishing attendance, especially of civil society) and the facilitation team (work overload). In both rayons, information events were organised to present and discuss the results of the clustering and ranking. In addition, a fifth RT was held to: • Propose, discuss, and agree on the long- and mid-term objectives of the SEDS chapter • Present the SEDS’ Action Plan draft to receive input on what kind of measures are deemed most urgent, and jointly develop an Action Plan • Receive feedback on Capacity Development needed As a result, the working groups elaborated on their input for the Action Plan (see Chapter 4.13, step 4-7) which is to be attached to the SEDS. An example from the LPA 2 and LPA 1 – Apa Canal groups:

Table 7‑10: Action Plan working group results RT 5

Cahul, Group LPA 1 & Apa Canal Riscani, Group LPA 2 1. Training LPA representatives on 1. To create a regional operator inter-municipal cooperation, re- 2. Initiating proposals to improve the (Source: GIZ 2012) source identification, exchange of legal framework in the water sup- experience ply service (fees, assets, the insti- 2. Endowment with increased capaci- Initially, the most probable option for Riscani rayon seemed to group the tutional) whole rayon into one cluster. In a meeting of the expert planner with the ties in budgetary planning for sup- TESTING PILOT THE OF RESULTS – PRACTICAL EXAMPLES 3. Creation of inter-municipal associ- porting investment projects ations based on proposed clusters rayon president between RT 4 and RT 5, however, it was agreed to focus 3. Strengthening capacities to devel- (for monitoring the service) on two clusters instead of one. Political reasons motivated this decision, i.e. op project proposals and manage the insecure future and timeframe of the Soroca-Balti project. Practical con- 4. Training in WSS sector of the spe- them cialists of the service provider, also 4. Plugging wastewater to reduce pol- cerns support this decision: The new cluster around Costesti corresponds to the represents of LPA Awareness lution of groundwater the highest ranked localities, so that quick investments will be concentrated of population (use of

Activity 5. Monitoring of the SEDS implemen- 5. ater, fees, etc.) and training of on this area. tation – development of monitoring moderators capacities 6. Development of the local strategy 6. Ensuring transparency of using in WSS correlated with rayon strat- public funds, including for water egy on WSS and sanitation – specialists’ train- 7. Developing a tool for collecting ing, development of PR activities the local contributions (citizens, 7. Motivating LPA 1 to initiate inter- budget) municipal cooperation 8. Prioritisation of the local invest- 8. Documentation packages: feasibil- ment needs ity studies, execution projects 76 77

Cahul, Group LPA 1 & Apa Canal Riscani, Group LPA 2 concerning form and content of the SEDS chapter. However they also criti- 1. 2013 1. 2012 – 2013 cized not having been involved in the updating process. 2. 2012 2. 2012 – 2017 In Riscani five sessions were organised, bringing together 173 participants 3. 2012 – 2013 3. permanent

FACILITATORS (including 65 women). More than 45 proposals were collected from the par-

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A 4. annually 4. 2012 – 2013 ticipants. Present were civil society representatives, specialists from the 5. annually 5. permanent

Deadline Center for Public Health, the Ecological Agency, the Economy Department 6. every 5 years 6. quarterly, end of implementation 7. 2012 7. 2012 – 2013 as well as “Apa-Canal” Riscani and Costesti. 8. annually 8. 2012 – 2013 Main discussion points in both rayons were: 1. LPA Division 1. LPA • The transparency of WSS service management 2. Finance Division 2. LPA 3. Resources and Sustainable Invest- • The institutional design of public services provision and payment ser- 3. LPA ments Division vices for consumers 4. Apa Canal 4. Construction Division • 5. LPA, Apa Canal The need for an integrated vision of water supply and sewerage sys- 5. Economics Division 6. LPA tems

Responsibility 6. LPA, Finance Division 7. LPA • 7. Secretariat of the President The call for raising awareness among the population. Suggestions in- 8. LPA 8. Construction Division cluded placing a billboard with water quality information in every village, and to inform people about the importance of sewerage system 7.9 Public hearings and consultations construction. Based on the findings of the Round Table process, two experts drafted the SEDS chapter on WSS. This draft was in cooperation with the local public administrations of Cahul and Riscani. According to the principles of transparency and civil society participation, as well as to the Moldovan Constitution, public hearings were thereafter organised and held. For this task two local NGOs with experience in civil society participation

were contracted. In both rayons the NGOs conducted a preparation work- TESTING PILOT THE OF RESULTS – PRACTICAL EXAMPLES shop15 with the local public hearings team and facilitated the elaboration of an Action Plan on public hearing activities. In Cahul two public hearing sessions were organised, with a total of 135 participants (including 33 women). The first session was addressed to mayors, district council representatives, the heads of decentralized services and business representatives. The second session was attended by representatives of civil society, academia and educational institutions in the territory. Especially the group of academia contributed with valuable suggestions

15 The content of these workshops comprised including the legal framework and forms of consulting the public, methods to ensure citizens´participation, strengths and weaknesses of public hearings. On thisoccasionsometopicsdeservespecialattention: evaluation oftheSEDSupdatingprocessneedstotakeplace. depth in an - manual shortened a on working before and - runs more few a lessons sharing for groundwork RDAall among learning enhance organizational and learned involved. the After lay should monitoring Continuous coherency. on bestpracticestoof realize theprinciplesparticipation,transparency, and proach. In the course of time they will gain ever more experience and ideas ap the adapt and fine-tune to committed are who facilitators by reflections tory district planning. The given background information intends to motivate participa of experiences pilot two on based is It updating. chapter SEDS for future orientation an to provide elaborated was Description This Process 8 8 • • • • • able to is cover higher service population costs. the This is interlinked extend with the what necessity to as tackled be should question The sities ofregionalplanning? How can participatory district planning be adjusted to meet the neces ent dialoguebetweenthenational levelandLPA 2. considered. and transpar in anopen bediscussed should This weight may bere and rayonpriorities national between weight The relative solely ontheirassessmentofrayonneeds. depend and should monitored to becarefully needs ever thisdecision How priorities. specific rayon NOTadding for opt to chance the have should stakeholders analysis situation the on elaborated having After give importantinsights. process istothecivilsociety. Samples orFocusGroupinterviewswill Round Table processshouldbe tested, as wellthis how reasonable the of will) citizens´ of (representation legitimization democratic The AND BEYOND DESCRIPTION THE PROCESS ------necks inupdatingSEDSchaptersonWSSitisrecommendedto: future? the for challenges the are What the needsofMoldovanpeople. meet and resources administrative of handling efficient making, policy for Development and theRegional Agencies itwillleadtosuccessfuloutcomes the MinistryofEnvironment Construction, and Development try ofRegional effortMinis joint the a of With provision. service public modernizing in step important an marks Description Process the mind, in issues these Having • • • • tion of local planning is necessary to make use of the staff´s potential. facilita the on training Further resources. human RDA´s Strengthen and theindividualhealthrisksofpoorpublicservices. costs service public about awareness population´s the increasing of also befollowedup. in LPAsto onstrategic planning regulation establishadivision should curricula. in university introduced and be conceived A governmental on LPAgic planning to need courses training Corresponding 2level. strate in experts and sector WSS the in experts technical Trainmore ties. to information thatactivi ministries assessduringtheirownmonitoring Ensure supporttoRDA bysector ministries. This referstotheaccess an exchangeofexperiencesandgoodpractices. foster and moderation) for (e.g. impulses new give may This regions. will derivefrommutualRound Table visitsoffacilitatorsfromdifferent impact positive Aetc). meetings hall town (workshops, exchange for venues providing and to travelling of possibility the b) staff, ignated des of number the a) Enhance activities. RDA for funding Increase chapter implementation. of theSEDS and evaluation on monitoring funding andthefollow-up for application the concerning especially - facilitator experienced an In manycasesLPAplanning. by on theguidance 1and2willdepend It will assurean adequate consultancyto improve participatory district In order to widen some bottle Inordertowiden ------79 THE PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND BEYOND Moldova. of and policiesinthewatersupply andsanitationsectorintheRepublic Action Plan2010-2015for the implementation of the WSS Sector Strategy OECD & Moldova, of Republic the of Environment of Ministry velopment Strategy2010-2012. Moldova of Republic the of Government Strategy 2008-2011. Moldova of Republic the of Government of policydocuments. no. 33 of 11.01.2007 on unified rules and requirements for the development Moldova of Republic the of Government Administration, no.436of28.12.2006. Moldova of Republic the of Government velopment, no.438of28.12.2006. Moldova of Republic the of Government territorial organisationoftheRepublicMoldova,no.19112.1 Moldova of Republic the of Government GIZ Multi-criteria_Analysis.pdf; 25.10.2011) (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/12761/1/ London. manual. a analysis: Multi-criteria D. L. Phillips, & A., Pearman, M., Spackman, S., J. Dodgson, Funds, CohesionFundandInstrumentforPre-accession”,Bruxelles2008 Structural Projects, Investment of Cost-Benefit Analysis to “Guide mission: Commission European 9 9 (2011): Stakeholder-Dialogue Manual.Eschborn. 20) D Rgoa Plc & uoen Com European & Policy Regional DG (2008): REFERENCES (2007): Governmental Decision Governmental (2007): (1998): Law on administrative- on Law (1998): (2006a): Law on Regional De Regional on Law (2006a): (2010): National Regional De Regional National (2010): (2008): National Development National (2008): (2006b): Law on Local Public Local on Law (2006b): 1.1998. (2011a): (2009): - - - einl eeomn gny South Agency Development Regional - RegionalDevelopmentStrategy. Regional Development Agency North plates (financialdecisionmaking,Budget,MTEFprocesses). tem and processing proposal project Investment sector WSS on Report OECD & Moldova, of Republic the of Environment of Ministry NP SDC & UNDP opment Results.New York. UNDP gion -RegionalDevelopmentStrategy. Planning -miPROthesecond,practicalpart.Sarajewo. SDC & UNDP Planning -miPROthefirst,theoreticalpart.Sarajewo. (2009): Handbook on Planning, Monitoring and Evaluating for Devel 20b: ehdlg fr nertd oa Development Local Integrated for Methodology (2009b): Development Local Integrated for Methodology (2009a): (2010): North Development Region 21) Suh eeomn Re Development South (2010): (2011b): - - - 81 REFERENCES 10 provide an agenda in advance. in agenda an provide for time of maximum a planning allows This for person (alternating) one designating efficient, Teammore be can meetings Table 10‑1: them, timescheduleandcosts. plan a establish to be should teamwork the of step beginning. Afirst very responsibilities and Roles tasks. of division clear a is teamwork satisfactory and smooth for Crucial 10.1.1 Joint planning What isthepurpose? 10.1 • • • • moderation outlining: activities and milestones, who is responsible for organizing outlining:activitiesandmilestones,whoisresponsible prcain f niiul xets, euig rcin aog team members andenhancingpersonalsatisfactionwiththetask among frictions reducing expertise, individual of Appreciation of hierarchy of allteammembers,independent Active anddedicatedinvolvement Systematic handlingofcomplextasks Use timeefficiently, workaim-oriented,achievegoodresults Activity Teamwork Techniques for Facilitators Example Work Plan . The moderator should collect topics to be discussed and Responsibility need to be defined and agreed upon from the from upon agreed and defined be to need Time PRACTITIONERS TOOLBOX FOR Costs Remarks work his/her jobto: for moderator isalsoresponsibleassuringa well-structured meeting.It is The adequately. themselves prepare can members team and topic each An indispensable tool for teamwork is teamwork for tool indispensable An Box 10‑1: still pending?Howdowefeelaboutthetasksandteamwork style?” tions maybe:“What has beenachievedsincethelastmeetingand whatis harmonious, but is also very valuable for personal development. Main ques and productive more teamwork make to potential the have only not does It the for pre-condition a therefore is back feed fulfilled. Team being is purpose intended the if reassess and reflect toring When information. same the about talking actually and page same ning Decisive for constructive cooperation is regular team feedback. When 10.1.2 Teamfeedback 10.7). Chapter see details more (for taken were that decisions and ideas member better re and to: collect,structure,present,document be used should and Talk aboutconcretesituationsandgive feedbackassoonpossible • • • ciiis t evs o ae ue ht l ta mmes r o the on are members team all that sure make to serves it activities the timeframe especially exceed or extensive - too become clarifications and meeting discussions when extra an suggest or decisions team Facilitate Sum-up crucialpoints minutes) Make sure the results and agreements are documented (e.g. in written and − − − − − − Guidelines for Guidelines giving andreceiving feedback The morepractice youget,theeasieritwill be gue, butlisten,inquireandclarify ar or her/himself defend not should feedback receiving one The of view(“I”-statements) avoid moral judgment, be honest and make clear this is feedback, your with constructive be language, descriptive a Use evaluating allow foraflexiblere-arrangementofideas. may alsowishtousedifferent formsandcoloursofcards,which Flipcharts andpinboardsaregreatdevicesforvisualisation. You the activities, feedback sessions should be used to used be should sessions feedback activities, the visualisation learning process learning . It fills content with life with content fills It . within theteam. your point moni plan ------83 TOOLBOX FOR PRACTITIONERS 84 85

Table 10‑2: Possible Monitoring criteria and indicators

Criterion Sub-Criterion Indicator

Stakeholder accept results FACILITATORS Acceptance of A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A results National level actors and donors accept results

No. of women / men / youth / other social Involvement of local and socially vulnerable groups involved in population village-level focus group discussions Involvement of All relevant stakeholders were invited all Stakeholders Involvement of relevant stakehold- 80% presence at the meetings ers into the Round Table Balanced level of participation

Clear communi- Opinion of the Stakeholders have a common under- cation of objec- stakeholders standing of the purpose of the process tives

All RT and decisions were documented Documentation properly and are accessible Figure 10‑1: Teamwork Transparency Stakeholders who were not involved into Opinion of not in- the process assess the process as trans- volved stakeholders parent

10.2 Monitoring and Evaluation of the Newspaper articles, publication on (RDA, Public Interest Approach Rayon) website

Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) here refers to the SEDS chapter updating Facilitation teamwork runs smoothly method as a whole, not to be confused with M & E of the activities defined in Cooperation the SEDS’ Action Plan. For Action Plan M & E see Chapter 6.2. There is a good discussing culture at the RT The purpose, steps and some tools for Monitoring and Evaluation are described in the main part of the Process Description, Chapter 3.2. Here you Amount of financial and human resources can find proposals for Monitoring criteria as well as examples of fact sheets needed and evaluation sheets. Moderate resource input Duration of preparation (hours) Replicability

Easy facilitation

Simplicity Duration of process (days)

Improving the working approach should not be left to coincidence. It is recommended to designate one team member in charge of PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX organising the monitoring and evaluation of the SEDS chapter updating process. 86 87

10.2.1 Templates for the Monitoring of the SEDS 2. Example evaluation sheet for Round Table participants updating process Assessment of the 5th Round Table on updating the Water Supply and Sanitation Chapter of the Socio-Economic Development Strategy FACILITATORS

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A 1. Fact sheet on XXX (please insert activity/step real- Dear participant, ised to complete the SEDS chapter) thank you for participating in the Round Table (RT). In order to improve • This template is a suggestion for the documentation of the steps to be the quality of our services, please express your opinion on today´s event. taken in the SEDS updating process. Please answer the following questions: • Note: In the left column (minutes) please document what you actually did. In the right column (recommendations) please document what 1) What was the significance of RT 5 for you and the stakeholders you could have been done better. General observations and recommenda- represent? tions can be given below. Comments: Minutes / Recommendations Observations

Expected outcome 2) How was the time management of Round Table 5?

Participants [ ] time was used efficiently

Duration [ ] time was used efficiently, but the RT was still too long

Material/ Costs [ ] time was not used efficiently

Steps for preparation (including duration + costs) 3) In your opinion, were all relevant actors involved? Procedure (step-by-step) [ ] yes 1. 2. [ ] no .... If not, who do you think should be involved? Follow up

Observations/ recommendations a) General observations and recommendations 4) Are the objectives of SEDS chapter on WSS comprehensible to you? b) Results from the participants’ evaluation [ ] very well c) Results of the team reflection after the activity (What were strengths/ [ ] well weaknesses? What could be improved when the activity is repeated?) [ ] little [ ] very little

Comments: PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX 88 89

5) How well informed do you feel about the purpose and content of the 10.3 Stakeholder Analysis WSS Action Plan?

Purpose Content What is the purpose?

FACILITATORS • A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A Become aware of individuals, groups of people, institutions and enter- [ ] very well informed [ ] very well informed prises that have a significant interest in the WSS sector and its devel- [ ] well informed [ ] well informed opment [ ] little informed [ ] little informed • Understand their concerns, interests and capacities. Recognise and respond to them in the strategy elaboration [ ] very little informed [ ] very little informed Comments: Guiding questions • Who are the actors affected by or affecting the implementation of the WSS strategy? 6) Did the group work give new inputs to the measures feeding into the • How do they benefit or how are they being disadvantaged by it? WSS Action Plan? Comments: How to proceed? • Identify individuals, groups of people, institutions and enterprises affected by the WSS sector • Investigate their roles, different interests, relative power and capacity 7) In your opinion, did participants have enough time to express their to engage themselves views or ask questions? • Identify relationships between stakeholders: The extend of coopera- [ ] time was more than enough tion or conflict [ ] time was enough • Interpret the findings and integrate them into the SEDS chapter updating process: [ ] time was not enough −− address conflicts between stakeholders (e.g. providing incentives and room for dialogue and joint elaboration of solutions) 8) What was the most interesting information for you at the event? −− promote participation and ownership of stakeholders 10.3.1 Stakeholder Analysis Tools 9) What is your opinion on inter-municipal cooperation after attending today’s event? 1. Matrix • To gain an overview on stakeholders, their interests and capacities (potentials and weaknesses) • To identify common interests 10) Do you have other comments or recommendations? • To think of ways to address them TOOLBOX FOR PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX

Thank you very much! 90 91

Table 10‑3: Example Stakeholder Matrix Table 10‑4: Example SWOT Matrix

Motivation Strengths Weaknesses Interests/ Expec- Basic char- and capacity Conse- Stakeholder tations and how acteristics to bring about quences FACILITATORS affected by WSS

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A change Opportunities Threats LPA 1

Schools ...

2. Venn Diagram 10.4 Focus Group Interviews • To analyse and illustrate the relationship between crucial stakeholders • Use the size of the circles to indicate the relative influence of each What is the purpose? stakeholder (group) • The facilitation team is informed about perceptions related to WSS: • Use the spatial distance to indicate the relative strength/weakness of Concerns and expectations for the future are made explicit by different the working relationship and interaction of the stakeholders groups of society: the civil, private and the public sector • You may also use different kinds of lines to indicate the quality of the • The facilitation team understands in depths how communities and in- relationship dividuals manage their drinking water supply needs and the specific local challenges related to them Figure 10‑1: Example Venn Diagram • Information gathered during interviews will, where possible and ap- Dependency propriate, be shared with the Stakeholder Dialogue participants (in an Interaction/ anonymous form). It is supposed to enrich the discussions on priorities Cooperation for water supply and sanitation investments with concrete examples

Conflict Guiding principles Competition

...... The TRENOA approach will help you to conduct fair and successful interviews. Aim at being:

3. SWOT Analysis Transparent - Making clear your objectives, aims, and what you do with • To find out about different stakeholders’ capacity needs for promoting what you hear changes in the WSS sector Respectful - Concerning differences between you and the interviewees, • SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats also respecting each opinion or comments with little relation to the question • Generate ideas about their internal strengths and weaknesses as well Explorative - Let people take the lead in talking about their reality, only ask as external opportunities and threats. Then think of how strengths can for further explanation, do not suggest an issue that was not mentioned be extended to overcome weaknesses. How can opportunities be tak- before by participants en to minimise threats? Non-directive - Remind participants of objectives and guiding questions, but • It may be used in working meetings (parallel to Round Tables 3 & 4) PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX do not introduce “problems” and “solutions” with distinct stakeholder groups or during RT 4 • The findings may be of high value to determine soft measures for the Open - Be prepared for surprising perceptions & viewpoints, or deviations Action Plan of the SEDS chapter from what you thought was right / wrong 92 93

Attentive - Listening closely to what people say and how it is expressed. • The timing of the meeting should be convenient to all participants. Use the same way of expressing things in their language While waiting for all to arrive, use the time get familiar with the participants and find out about their backgrounds. Limit the group discus- How to proceed? sion to 2 hours. FACILITATORS A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A • Name tags will enable you to call on shy persons directly and also 1. Preparation creates a more personalised ambience. • Focus groups will be defined during the stakeholder mapping. For • If possible, serve refreshments as a gesture of appreciation to the each group, 8 to 10 participants need to be chosen as interview part- participants and their commitment. ners. Organised groups and professional associations might be asked for delegates. Avoid political bias in the selection and ensure social 3. Sequencing of the interview inclusiveness regarding ethnicity, gender, age and social status. 1. Introduce yourself and explain the purpose of your presence • Identify information needs for the overall updating process and elabo- 2. Explain focus group discussion method rate guiding questions for the discussion. Focus only on relevant is- −− The aim is a structured and focused discussion. sues. The sequence of topics usually moves from general to specific. −− Names and identities will be kept confidential. • When getting in touch with potential participants of a focus group interview, make sure you clearly state the purpose and use of this interview −− There are no right or wrong answers, just ideas and opinions. You method in order not to raise wrong expectations. People may be very are the experts and I have come to learn from you. happy to join in, and even travel a long distance or skip other activities −− Feel free to disagree with other people in the group. because they expect a benefit! −− Only one person should speak at a time and allow opportunities • As the moderator/ interviewer of a focus group you should have ease for others. Please raise your hand if an opportunity to share your to get in touch with people of different backgrounds. It is important for opinion does not emerge. you to be capable of communicating the (sometimes confusing) con- −− Everyone should participate because everyone’s opinion is impor- cept and specifics of the interview in the people’s language. tant. • Prepare yourself to make sure that everybody’s voice is heard during 3. Explain the need for taking notes so every opinion will be remem- the discussion, and that interesting issues receive the attention they bered deserve. 4. Explain presence of other people from the interviewer group • An assistant should make additional notes, record nuances and, most 5. Let participants introduce themselves (names and short background importantly, help to evaluate the session directly afterwards. As a re- information) sult, the wealth of information provided by the people remains in the records for future use. 6. General overview (15 minutes): −− Please talk about the living conditions in your community. What do 2. Logistics you think should change, what is important for a better future? • A letter of invitation may be sent to each participant, stating the pur- 7. Water and Sanitation situation in the rayon (45 minutes, one question pose and timeframe of the discussion. They should be contacted at at a time): least 1-2 weeks before the session. −− What do you think are the main challenges/needs for the provision • Arrange for transportation, to ensure attendance. of water services in your locality? Why?

• It is important to choose or set up a physical space for the focus −− How reliable are the respective services? How is the respective wa- PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX group where they feel comfortable. It should be neutral, private, free ter quality? How satisfied are you with the existing level of service? from distractions and easily accessible. To , ar- support interaction −− What would you wish to change/ improve (goals/ wishes)? range participants’ seating in a circle 94 95

−− What would you be willing and able to contribute to these goals? Description Comment −− Who do you think is responsible for provision of water supply and Interviewer: sanitation? Assistant / Note-taking:

FACILITATORS −− Suppose that you were a committee that was appointed to organise A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A and run a needs prioritization process. Please give your recommen- Translation (if needed) dations for prioritization investments in the WSS sector. Contact Person:

−− Who in your rayon would be relevant to be involved in the planning Setting process? Why? Group profile: e.g. Women of the village, majority Russian speaking. 8. Optional (10 minutes): e.g. Meeting room of the association & computer room −− Are there differences in access to drinking water for women and for the school. About 20 chairs, team arranged a circle Room & Conditions: men? Why? and put tables aside. Rather dark conditions, door left open for ventilation. 9. Once you think a topic / issue has been sufficiently discussed, ask: is there anything else concerning this? Participants: (number, background, 10. Follow-up questions need to correspond to what you want to know active involvement in and what people already mentioned before discussion)

11. Towards the end: Thank people for their contributions to your in- Selection process: creased knowledge, and for their presence

Box 10‑2: Focus Group discussion means to... Results: … Summary: … FOCUS: Repeat key phrases from the question. Participants often lose focus on the question after other participants have responded to it Lessons: … GROUP: Balance participation. Encourage shy participants to speak, politely discourage dominant participants

4. Follow-up After conducting the focus group discussion, the key findings need to be analysed and summarised in a report. Below you find a template for interview documentation. 10.4.1 Template for interview documentation Description Comment

Date:

Locality:

Venue: PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX

Time and duration: 96 97

Figure 10‑2: Focus group interview Guiding principles Follow the TRENOA approach as described in “10.4 Focus group interviews”. FACILITATORS A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A How to proceed? 1. Preparation • The experts to be interviewed will be defined during the stakeholder mapping • Experts should be contacted at least 1-2 weeks before the session. • The timing and location of the meeting should be agreed upon in advance. Often a limit of 1 hour is most acceptable to the experts and their work load. The interview can be conducted at their workplace or a public place • Identify information needs for the overall updating process and elaborate guiding questions for the interview. Focus only on relevant issues. The sequence of topics usually moves from general to specific • An assistant should make additional notes, record nuances and, most importantly, help to evaluate the session directly afterwards. As a result, the wealth of information provided by the expert remains in the records for future use 10.5 Expert Interviews 2. Sequencing 1. Introduce yourself and your assistant; explain the purpose of your presence; assure that information will be treated confidentially! What is the purpose? 2. In two sentences, explain why you are there (objectives of the partici- • Experts’ 1positions, roles and competencies are clarified patory updating process, expert roles in the Stakeholder Dialogue) • Power to direct, and responsibilities are made explicit in order to iden- and why you need to know about his/ her expert knowledge and tify experts’ mandates (institutional); this includes clarifying lines of views. You may use a visual illustration to facilitate comprehension of command and coordination the complex process. • Facilitation team knows about individual experts points of view, and 3. Then, let him/ her answer the guiding questions, e.g.: potential for playing a key role or undermining the participatory district −− Full name, (age), position, professional background, how long work- planning of WSS ing for the rayon administration, contact details (mobile/ e-mail)? • Experts are informed about the aim of the SEDS chapter updating, as −− Expert’s main responsibilities in their respective organisation/ de- well as the objectives and sequence of the process partment, and the organisation’s/ department’s role in drinking wa- • Experts, as representatives of local (or central) public administration, ter and sanitation services? agree on constructive participation during the SEDS chapter updating −− What do you think are the main problems/ challenges for the provi- PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX process and accept the methods applied by the facilitators sion of water services in your rayon?

1 “Experts” here refers to relevant stakeholders as defined in chapter 3.3 98 99

−− What do you think are the most pressing needs of the population in How to proceed? different regions/ localities of the rayon? 1. Preparation − − What is your idea for planning (in a transparent manner) the future • Prepare a moderation plan, including time buffer (see template in this development of Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) services in the FACILITATORS section). This is a very important tool for successful moderation and A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A Rayon? facilitation team coordination! −− Is there a necessity to plan in a participatory way? Who should be 2. Beginning involved? • Introduce yourself and the facilitation team −− And what do you think should be the main objectives for prioritising • Clarify the aim/objectives of the event. What should be fulfilled at the investments? end of the meeting? 4. After a short summary of the participatory updating process make • Give an introduction into the process. What has happened until now, sure experts understand the reasoning. If not, clarify. e.g. Focus Group and Expert Interviews, Village discussions, Work- 5. Before leaving the office reassure that key questions have been an- shops at Mayors’ meeting, Outcomes of previous RTs swered, and that the expert agrees on participation at the Round • Present the Agenda (steps, methods, time frame) Tables. • Introduce participants (For the RT: name, function, their link to water 6. Save the dates of the Round Tables. and sanitation) • 3. Follow-up You might conduct a short session on expectations of the participants (in working groups or as a brainstorming) After conducting the interview, key findings need to be analysed and sum- • marised in a report. You may adapt the template for interview documenta- Clarify communication rules tion described in “Focus Group Interviews”. Box 10‑3: Communication and cooperation rules for moderated discussion 10.6 Moderation Options: rules are presented or are developed by participants −− Personal chats and phone talks should be kept to a minimum −− If participant wants to say something she/he should raise his hand What is the purpose? à moderator will have in mind the list of talkers • Moderation facilitates and structures group work, discussions and de- −− Talking in turns – participants should let others finish when they cision making. In this way the moderator ensures that the meeting’s/ are speaking RT’s aims and objectives are met −− Respect points of view of others, no need to get loud and offen- • The moderator links (working group) results and statements to each sive other and to the overall RT’s objectives −− It is important, due to time constraints, that everyone tries to keep • Well informed moderation is crucial in giving orientation and setting comments as simple and short as possible, please no long mono- participants back on track logues! (you might use a red card) The moderator (as the representative of the facilitation team) and 3. Main part experts should aim at establishing a connection to the participants. If participants seem to be lost it is your responsibility to find out • See “Guidelines of moderation” in the following section why and to address their doubts and questions! Also remind the • Think of adequate methods to achieve the meeting’s/ Round Table’s experts to not only provide technical input but also to reinforce the main mes- PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX objectives. Also see methods of group work as described in the follow- sages of each RT between the lines. ing chapters (Pin board moderation, Moderated brainstorming, Moder- ated small group work) 100 101

4. End 10.6.1 Template Moderation Plan for Stakeholder • Sum up the results of the event: most important discussion points and Round Table X key decisions • Ask whether there are still things to be clarified, make sure everybody Subject: Updating of the Socio-Economic Development Strategy (SEDS) FACILITATORS

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A has the same understanding of the results Water Supply and Sanitation chapter for XXX • Give a short outlook on the next steps/ RTs and reserve a date Objectives: • Request short evaluation of the round table through participants (e.g. via evaluation sheets (see templates in Chapter 10.2.1) -… • Make sure the results and agreements are documented (e.g. in writ- -… ten minutes, taking pictures of group work posters), send them to the participants Time:

Figure 10‑3: Guidelines of moderation Venue: Host: −− make sure all participants −− the most important messages and results are involved and not only need to be written down and visible to all Moderation: some are talking all the time −− divide tasks between moderation and visuali- −− be sensitive to minority sation if possible Documentation: groups, actively include them −− be careful not to ignore com- −− always keep the aim of the Backing/ Expert input: ments (use “storage for top- meet-ing/discussion etc. in ics / comments”) mind Translation: −− be aware of body language and sitting/standing position Participants: Methods: e.g. Presentations (Plenum), small group work, pin board moderation Seating arrangement: e.g. U-shaped

Content Expected Material needed / Responsible Re- Time Topic & outcome Preparation person marks methods

Prepa- ration

09:30 – Recep- 10:00 tion −− pose clear and precise ques- −− always explain what you are tions going to do, do it and then ... −− precisely explain and repeat say what you have done! tasks and expected results of −− summarise each important 11:00 – coffee group work activities block (in oral and/or written 11:20 break −− if comment (written or oral) form) was not clear, ask if you un- −− announce before giving the- ... derstood it correctly and/or matic input ask person to explain it again PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX −− at the beginning let the discussion flow, when it be- −− remind participants about time comes more active, steer it! schedule 102 103 10.7 Pin board moderation Figure 10‑4: Pin board moderation This type of moderation is especially recommended for Round Table 2. FACILITATORS

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A What is the purpose? • Find answers for a specific question by producing, gathering, visualising and clustering ideas • The method ensures that all participants can contribute. Anonymously, if they prefer

How to proceed? 1. Formulate a clear question and write it on the pin board 2. Explain the method and show a “model card” 3. Produce ideas: participants write ideas on cards 4. Pin cards on the pin board, read what is written on the card and make sure everyone understands the message. Otherwise ask whether the author of the card wishes to explain and reformulate more precisely Every card needs to be pinned on the board, in order to appreciate 10.8 Moderated brainstorming all the participants. This type of moderation is recommended for teamwork sessions. −− Ideas that are very much alike can be pinned together so that the pin boards does not get over-loaded. −− Make sure enough pin boards are prepared in advance. What is the purpose? • Find answers for a specific question by gathering ideas spontaneously 5. Cluster/group the cards that have the same content. This is done either and broadening horizons together with the participants (to reduce misunderstandings) or in spe- • Quicker method than pin board moderation, suitable for teams that are cial cases by the moderator alone (as during RT 2) familiar with each other 6. Find a category name for the cards that have the same content How to proceed? Box 10‑4: Rules for writing cards 1. Moderator −− Time for writing the cards is limited • Explain the method and its rules −− Number of cards should be limited • Give a time limit −− The cards have to be clear: clear letters, clear messages. Limit • Do not judge: Write every one of the ideas on the pin board/flip chart each card to 1 idea and 3 lines, write short and precisely formu- • Encourage the participants lated, not long statements 2. Participants − − Once the card writing phase is over, no other cards will be ac- PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX • Every idea is welcome, including unconventional ideas cepted • No judgment of ideas • Every person and every idea has equal worth 104 105

• Quantity counts, not quality Figure 10‑5: Moderated small group work • Build upon the ideas put forward by others FACILITATORS

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A 10.9 Moderated small group work Small group work is a crucial participatory element of the Round Tables. To guarantee its quality, the moderation needs to fulfil the following tasks.

What is the purpose? • Work results-oriented, effective and quick

How to proceed? 1. Prepare room and material in advance of the Round Table 2. Present procedure before presenting group division 3. Aim at a maximum of 6 participants for each group 4. Visualise task: Give each group a sheet/ poster with • the exact task and its steps • an indication of their working space/room • guiding questions • the expected product (e.g. a poster) It may be helpful to roughly pre-structure the product/poster, in 10.10 Explanation of different weighting order to assure comparability between groups (e.g. the name of methods the small group, the questions to be answered). What is the purpose? 5. Let groups visualise their answers: e.g. on a flipchart, cards, ... • Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) is a tool for dealing with a set of objec- 6. Give a clear time frame. Be aware that the groups might exceed this tives that cannot be aggregated through economic (accounting) prices time frame and plan a buffer as in standard cost-benefit analysis 7. Facilitators should walk from group to group, assist if there are questions, make sure all participants are active and no one dominates, remind them How to proceed? of the time frame. However, facilitators should not intervene too much, • Multi-criteria analysis is done by setting up a matrix in which the im- especially as refers to the content of the group work discussions. pacts of the localities are examined against certain criteria. These 8. Presentation of group work results: To save time in the presentation, criteria can then be given relative weights and the locality in ques- it’s useful to ask the participants to focus on 2-3 main points per question evaluated against other localities using the same criteria. This is tion. The groups should select 1-2 delegates for the presentation. This shown in the example in the table below (EC, 2008: 69)

should already be made clear when explaining the whole procedure for PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX the group work 106 107

Table 10‑5: Simplified multi-criteria analysis for two localities The solution is to prepare a page for each pair (or all pairs on one page). In case of 6 priorities we will need to prepare 14 pairs. The following task will Locality A Locality B then be given to the participants: Description of criteria Scores Im- Scores Im- Please mark the priority which is more important to you. If priorities are FACILITATORS Weight Weight A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A (points) pact (points) pact equally important to you, please use the question mark. Priority 1 / Criterion 1 2 0.6 1.2 4 0.6 2.4 For example, we collected the following answers from one participant: Priority 2 / Criterion 2 1 0.2 0.2 1 0.2 0.2 Priority 1 ? Priority 2 Priority 2 ? Priority 3 Priority 3 ? Priority 4

Priority 3 / Criterion 3 3 0.2 0.6 4 0.2 0.8 Priority 1 ? Priority 3 Priority 2 ? Priority 4 Priority 3 ? Priority 5

Total 2.0 3.4 Priority 1 ? Priority 4 Priority 2 ? Priority 5 Priority 3 ? Priority 6

Priority 1 ? Priority 5 Priority 2 ? Priority 6 Priority 4 ? Priority 5 The weights between priorities could be determined in several ways which are described below. Priority 1 ? Priority 6 Priority 4 ? Priority 6 Priority 1 ? Priority 2 Priority 5 ? Priority 6 1) Comparing only two priorities (outranking) The major challenge of many weighting methods is that participants need As a next step, the following matrix has to be prepared for each participant to compare many priorities concurrently. If we have only 2 or 3 priorities, it (by facilitators, participants are not expected to calculate this). The answers is easy to compare, while more priorities complicate the decision for par- given by participants have to be converted into numbers. If the first priority ticipants. The recommended “outranking” method relies on the supposition is more important, we put the number 2 in the appropriate cell (first prior- 1 that humans are more capable of making relative judgments than absolute ity determines row, second priority determines column) . If the second judgments. Using this method, we ask participants to compare two priorities priority is more important, we put ½ in the appropriate cell. If the priorities only and to decide which one is more important. The method is based on are equally important we put a 1. On the diagonal cell of the matrix we put analytical hierarchy process (AHP) which is a structured technique for or- the inverse (1/x) of the number. ganizing and analyzing complex decisions. The AHP method was simplified The matrix has to be completed by the facilitators in the following way: for the purpose of the priority weighting in rayon. Nor- Prior- Prior- Prior- Prior- Prior- Prior- Geometric malised The method requires that the question is asked as many times as there are ity 1 ity 2 ity 3 ity 4 ity 5 ity 6 mean unique pairs of priorities. This could be done by printing a matrix on one weights Prior- page, but it is not recommended because many participants may be con- 1 2 1 0.5 2 2 1.25992105 21 ity 1 fused what and where they need to write. Prior- 0.5 1 2 1 1 0.5 0.89089872 14.5 Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Priority 4 Priority 5 Priority 6 ity 2 Priority 1 X Prior- 1 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 2 0.79370053 13 Priority 2 X ity 3 Prior- Priority 3 X 2 1 2 1 1 1 1.25992105 21 ity 4 Priority 4 X Priority 5 X 1

The original AHP uses more complex comparison and number means: 1 equal, 3 moderate, PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX Priority 6 X 5 strong, 7 very strong, 9 extreme importance of priority 1 on priority 2. This might cause many problems in understanding, so we propose to use this simplified version including only: 1 equal, 2 importance. n this way participants do not need to assign numbers but they just underline or mark what is more important. 108 109

Nor- simple matrix with all priorities and has to write the number of points he/she Prior- Prior- Prior- Prior- Prior- Prior- Geometric malised ity 1 ity 2 ity 3 ity 4 ity 5 ity 6 mean would assign for each priority. A sample matrix is shown below: weights Please distribute 100 points among the following 6 priorities. The priority Prior- 0.5 1 2 1 1 0.89089872 14.5

FACILITATORS 0.5 ity 5 that receives more points means it is more important for you. A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A Prior- Priority Points 0.5 2 0.5 1 2 1 1.00000 16 ity 6 Priority 1 Total 1 100 Priority 2 Priority 3 Priority 4 Then the geometric mean is calculated because it is more relevant for ex- Priority 5 pressing relations. In some options of the AHP the eigenvector is calculated Priority 6 instead of geometric mean but this is only the technique to be used in Excel Total 100 to calculate the final results. At the end, the results from calculating the geometric mean (or eigenvec- Advantages tor) are normalised to obtain numbers that are easier to understand. When • Easy to understand normalised weights for each participant are calculated, the average should • No need for normalization if participants properly count points also be calculated in order to obtain average weights that will be used for ranking. Disadvantages • Participants may have problems summing the points to determine how Though the calculation sounds complicated, an Excel sheet can be pre- many they have yet to distribute pared in advance so we only need to enter 14 numbers (2, 1 or ½) for each participant. • Participants distribute points to the preferred priorities first and then points which are left to other priorities; it may happen that other priori- Advantages ties will receive more points than the participants’ intended because participants need to meet the objective to use all points • Easier for participants to understand what should be done • We may get matrices that do not sum to 100 (which is not a problem • Comparing two priorities only is easier than distributing points but requires normalization) • No problems with left-over points • Requires absolute judgments Disadvantages The calculation of weights is made according to the following table:

• Needs more preparation Normal- Participant Participant Partici- ised points Weights • Participants will not understand how we obtained the final weights Priority 1 2 pant 3 for partici- (average) • Participants need to make many comparisons. To compare 14 pairs for pant 3 6 priorities sounds feasible, but if we have more priorities the number Prior- 60 50 10 11 40 of pairs may render the process not feasible ity 1

Prior- 10 50 70 77 46 ity 2 TOOLBOX FOR PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX 2. Distributing points Prior- 10 0 5 6 5 ity 3 The priorities’ weighting could also be realised by asking participants to distribute 100 points among priorities. Each participant needs to receive a 110 111

Normal- Nor- Nor- Par- Normal- Par- Par- Participant Participant Partici- ised points Weights Pri- malised malised Weights Priority tici- ised points tici- tici- 1 2 pant 3 for partici- (average) or- points for points for (aver- pant for participant pant pant 3 ity participant participant age) 1 pant 1 2 3

FACILITATORS 2 3

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A Prior- 10 0 5 6 5 ity 4 Prio- 10 33 5 5 10 32 23 rity 1 Prior- 5 0 0 0 2 Prio- ity 5 10 33 60 65 7 23 40 rity 2 Prior- Prio- 5 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 2 6.5 6 ity 6 2 rity 3 Prio- 0 0 8 9 2 6.5 5 Total 100 100 90 100 100 rity 4 Prio- 5 17 9 10 10 32 20 3. School marks rity 5 Prio- 5 17 1 1 0 0 6 We may also ask participants to give school marks to each priority. The rity 6 scale could be, for example, from 0 to 10. 0 if they do not want the priority at Total 30 100 92 100 31 100 100 all, 10 points if the priority has the highest importance. An example is shown as follows: 10.11 Action Plan template & content Please assess each priority and award from 0 to 10 points for each one. The priority which gets more points means it is more important for you. Table 10‑6: Template Action Plan

Priority Points (0 to 10) - Sources Priority 1 of funding

Priority 2 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total Partners Remarks and Method Priority 3 Local Responsibility External (Millions of Lei) Performance In dicators, Source Priority 4 Cluster 1: Priority 5 Locality A, C, D Priority 6 Planning documents Advantages • Easy to understand Financial arrangements • No problems with left-over points • No problems with counting points Construction Disadvantages Operation • The sum of points will be different for each participant, thus the nor- PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX malization of each participant’s votes is required • Requires absolute judgments 112 113

- ministrative tasks is critical. In addition, the capacity of the communi- Sources ties to manage and operate WSS systems should be strengthened of funding • CD will address utility staff, district officials, NGO staff and technical - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total specialists. Its purpose is to train skills and build the capability to use Partners FACILITATORS Remarks A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A and Method nal Responsibility Local them Exter (Millions of Lei) Performance In dicators, Source

Cluster 2: How to proceed? Locality B, G, H 1. Proper assessment of capacity at all implementation levels is critical. Soft meas- Initially, a training needs assessment (comparison of qualifications and ures job complexities) should be carried out.

Rehabilita- 2. In a second step measures to develop capacities have to be elaborated tion jointly with the beneficiaries. Cluster 3: Example: Build the capacity of providers of infrastructure and services to Locality E, respond to demand and increase efficiency of utility performance. F, J a) Improve entrepreneurship skills of providers for WSS services de- ... livery (e.g. commercial viability, regulation, professional association): −− Development of strategic business plans 10.11.1 Proposed Soft Measures −− Development of performance improvement plans −− Billing and revenue collection Soft measures are activities supportive to infrastructure development. Types − of soft measures are 2: − Interaction with customers / customer care • Capacity Development (Training) b) Establish and support networks of professionals and utility/operators partnerships to exchange experience, disseminate lessons learned: • Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) −− Organise exposure visits in rural WSS between rayons • Regulation and Legislation Improvement −− Strengthen coordination of sector initiatives: involve stakeholders, • Feasibility Study including donor coordination • Awareness Raising and Information Campaign c) Create advocacy tools (e.g. campaign) to raise awareness regard- In the following sections guidelines for Capacity Development and the Moni- ing the benefits of investing in improved water and sanitation ac- toring and Evaluation of the SEDS chapter implementation are provided. cess: −− Promote results 10.11.2 Capacity Development (CD) −− Communications strategy / WSS marketing −− Implement marketplace for innovations and seek support from pri- What is the purpose? vate sector • For the SEDS chapter’s implementation to be sustainable, adequate organisational Capacity Development regarding operational and ad- TOOLBOX FOR PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX

2 For further information see Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Moldova & OECD (2011b): Templates B, C1, C2, D 114 115 10.12 Monitoring and Evaluation of SEDS 10.12.2 Indicators chapter Implementation (M&E) Information on indicators for the implementation of the Action Plan should include the following elements: Below you will find mentioned some specific proposals on the M & E of the FACILITATORS

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A No. of Indicator (number should SEDS chapter implementation. Name of Indicator be the same as in Action Plan) 10.12.1 Results chain Level of collection e.g. rayon e.g. number of people infected; proportion cov- Definition Elaborating a results chain will help in visualising a) the changes to be ered achieved and b) the drivers behind these changes. It is a basis for establish- e.g. absolute; proportion (rate per 1,000 inhabit- ing the M & E system, giving orientation for adequate indicators. Unit of measurement ants) Logical Outcomes Impact Model: Activities Outputs e.g. to assess coverage; to monitor reduction → → → Purpose of water-related diseases/ morbidity; to monitor Time Medium-term Long-term increasing service delivery Frame: (objective) (impact) Link to other indicators e.g. demographic Indirect ben- Activity Main product Direct benefit efit Underlying definition

Utility staff has e.g. surveys; estimates from national data / Provide training Measurement methods increased skills registration; standardised data entry forms for utility staff to and competen- promote effec- cies in commer- Limitations tive manage- cial viability of Exam- ment Frequency e.g. annually ple: provider Improved access to ... Results Benchmarks WSS ser- chain Disseminate and knowledge Best practices vices in the matrix lessons learned sharing estab- adopted rayon through lished enhanced capacities. 10.12.3 Data collection Increased ac- Support infor- cess to informa- The M & E plan should include information on how the data for each indica- Increased mation and data tion and data awareness tor will be collected in a timely manner: management for strategic planning • Description of data source • Who is responsible for collecting the data • When will data collection activities be carried out

Table 10‑7: Example M & E Plan

Name Time Frequency Institutional Ac- Data of indi- period of data responsibi- ... tivity source cator covered collection lity TOOLBOX FOR PRACTITIONERS FOR TOOLBOX 116 10.13 Public Hearing template

Information sheet to be displayed in public institutions FACILITATORS

A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A ANNEX

11Annex I: Questionnaires on Collecting Data and Analysing the Situation The questionnaires provided were applied during the pilot process and may serve as samples. They are A) for bigger towns, B) for smaller settlements with partial access to centralised WSS service provision, C) for localities without organised service provision. Nevertheless, adaptations may be required. Special attention has to be paid to the following topics: • Some localities do not have technical passports of the artesian wells. Extra support to the mayors in obtaining them is therefore needed • Another challenge is the estimations on the average monthly water consumption for each household member. Announcing this kind of needed information well in advance may give the mayors enough time to have the data collected • When filling in the questionnaires, special explanations may- bere quired concerning technical devices, i.e. wastewater treatment plants, active mud and septic tanks

A) Towns QUESTIONNAIRE Services water supply and sewerage in the town of ______, district of ______date ______2012

Val- Name of indicator Unit Annotation ue

General Urban Plan of the town 118 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS III 5b 5a 5 II 4c 4b 4a 4 3c 3b 3a 3 2c 2b 2a 2 1 I ties with utilities Information onlocalityfacili without construction in construction cluding ed forconstruction ofhouses,in The numberof landplotsallocat ment: Information ontowndevelop natural coverage gravel covered (whiteversion) asphalt-concrete covered ing: a watersupplynetwork, includ Total lengthof streetsnothaving natural coverage gravel (whiteversion) asphalt-concrete town, includingcoverageof: The totallengthof streetsin Number ofapartments Residential units,including: eral apartments Houses withone levelandsev ment Houses with afloorandanapart ing: Number of houses,total,includ City area(built) general information Name ofindicator ------kilometer number hectare (km) Unit (nr) km km km km km km km nr nr nr nr nr nr nr Val ue - 2001-2011 for theperiod Annotation 6b 6a 6 9d 9c 9b 9a 9 8a 8 7d 7c 7b 7a 7 IVa IV Outlet channel andwastewater Water supply vices: Households connected toser 4 indicatorsormore 3 indicators 2 indicators 1 indicator water”: correspond toGOST “drinking which water qualitydoesnot Number ofartesian wellsin GOST which water qualitycorresponds to Number ofartesian wellsin Water quality atsource Number of connections no owner private property ty (sharevalue) collective/private proper public property ing total: sources (artesianwells),includ Indicate ownershipof water Water supply systems tems andsewerage Data on watersupplysys treatment “drinking water” Name ofindicator - - - - Unit nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr Val ue - sumer tion to thecon network connec ing isthecentral Branch Annotation - - - 119 ANNEXES 120 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 13d 13c 13b 13a 13 12d 12c 12b 12a 12 11 10 tory tests forsamples) pling dateandresults oflabora were cleaned, disinfected,sam cords (datewhen they have maintenance re quality are laboratory testedforwater by City Councildecision have zoninghealth, established ports How manyhave technicalpass shafts and springs: Indicate thenumberof mine shafts andsprings Maintenance of mine tors Does notmatch3andmoreindica Does notmatch2indicators Does notmatch1indicator GOST Corresponds todrinkingwater water (including): springs wherethequalityof Number ofshaftminesand springs Quality ofwaterinshaftminesand shaft classifiedbydepth,including: Indicate the numberofmine Number ofsprings Number ofwells the town Mine shaft andspringsinside Name ofindicator - - - - - Unit nr. nr. nr. nr. nr nr nr nr nr nr Val ue - Annotation 13e 16b 16a 16 15d 15c 15b 15a 15 14e 14d 14c 14b 14a 14 13f of minewellsand/orsprings indicate the manager installed Consumers who havenotmeters stalled Consumers who havemetersin water service: Information on subscribersof ter billedtokindergarten Monthly volumeof wa in kindergarten The actualnumberof children ter billedtoschools Monthly volumeof wa in schools The actualnumberof students ary institutions er characteristicsofbudget Consumption andconsum households with5 ormorepeople 4-person household 3-person household 2-person household 1-person household sumption for: 1. Average monthly watercon tion: population Characteristic of consump costs of mine wellsand/orsprings estimated maintenance Name ofindicator ------m3/month m3/month m3/month m3/month m3/month m3/month m3/month thousand children lei/year Unit stud nr nr Val ue - tenance costs? source formain is thefunding sources. What / orlocalwater wells and aging mine Company man Annotation - - 121 ANNEXES 122 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 24 23 VI 22 21 20 19 V 18a 18 IVb 17b 17a 17 ter supply, including: - numberof interruptionstowa ized laboratory wastewater performed by author bacteriological drinking water/ cal analysis / - thereisa timesamplingofchemi Service quality levels Procedure? - DoyouhaveInternal Rules& vice provider? tween the CityHallandser contract of W&Sservicesbe - Doyouhaveown management Sewerage? the serviceWater supply and organization and operationof - Doyouhaveyourown Rulesof for use ofwaterspecialuse? - Doyouhave Authorization Institutional framework apartments Residential units,including: Houses; Connection to sewerservice ment Sewage andWastewater Treat billed bythemeterrecord Volume ofwaternot ter record Volume ofwaterbilledbytheme water billed: Information on thevolumeof Name ofindicator ------m3/year m3/year Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Unit nr nr nr Val ue - Annotation service provision B) Localitieswithpartialaccesstocentralised WSS 24b 24a VIII 25d 25c 25b 25a 25 VII ing 75%ofconsumersasaresult Interruption ofwatersupply, affect of maintenanceworks ing 100%ofconsumersas aresult Interruption ofwater supply, affect Describe needed: Investments ininfrastructureare ment needs Describe the physicalinvest general studies secondary education WSS special educationinthefieldof cluding special secondaryeducation,in higher educationinthefieldofWSS higher education, including Total people,with: service providers The numberofemployees maintenance works on theWater supplysystemsand Sewerage inthevillage Name ofindicator district of______date ______2012 of______, QUESTIONNAIRE - - - - Days Days Unit per per per per per Val ue - Annotation 123 ANNEXES 124 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Population workingabroad Total population Total number offamilies Demographic figures of flatsinthevillage Please indicatethenumberofblocks ing theseweragesystem be connectedonthestreetsnothav Branching (households)expectedto ing awatersupplysystem be connectedonthestreetsnothav Branching (households)expectedto Natural coverage Gravel covered Asphalt-concrete covered water supplysystem,including: Total lengthofstreetsnothavinga natural coverage gravel (whiteversion) asphalt-concrete town, includingcoverageof: The totallengthof streetsin Number of households The averagesurface ofahousehold Village area(built) general information General Urban Planofthetown Name ofindicator - - Unit per per km km km km ha ha nr nr Val ue - months not exceed3 the villagedoes duration ofstayin of peoplewhose Enter thenumber Annotation 16 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 Inconstruction ing for constructionofhouses,includ The numberoflandplotsallocated es (artesianwells),includingtotal: Indicate ownershipof watersourc Pumping stationoverwater probe Artesian wells other, pleaseindicate surface underground tion: Indicate the watersourceinloca tems andsewerage Data on watersupplysys Power Supply Telecommunications Natural GasSupply Domestic Waste Water treatment Sewerage system Water Supply Households connected toservices: the village Information on utilitiesavailablein Without constructions Name ofindicator - - - - Yes/No Yes/No Unit Nr. nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr Val ue - tion foreach. of construc Specify year the village water sourceof Enter theexisting Annotation - 125 ANNEXES 126 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 29 28 4) 4indicatorsor more 3) 3indicators 2) 2indicators 1) 1indicator “drinking water”: correspond to GOST which the waterqualitydoesnot Number of Artesian wellsin ing water” sponds to GOST which the waterqualitycorre Number of Artesian wellsin Water quality atsource d) no owner(abandoned) c) private property ty (sharevalue) b) collective/private proper a) public property Name ofindicator standards of“drink standards of - - - Unit nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr Val ue - the probe. port dataof please usepass are missing, ry of PublicHealth Central Laborato tion resultsbythe If the investiga not correspond. name whichdoes Enter theindex to thisasset. was attributed ance value that indicate thebal If possible,please property shares. people ownthese dicate howmany is necessaryto in in sharevalues, it set isdistributed the probe as confirmation. If a documental sets, whichhave ership of as Indicate own Annotation - - - - -

- - - 30 34 33 32 31 The Water Source (s)Flow shafts andsprings) Water quality atsource(mine ples resultsoflaboratory tests) disinfected, sampling dateandsam cord (datewhen theywerecleaned, d) havea maintenancere tested c) thewaterqualityislaboratory by decision oftheCityCouncil b) have healthzoning,established a) have technicalpassports shafts and springs: Indicate thenumberof mine shafts andsprings Maintenance of mine index andmore d) doesnotcorrespond tothethird index c) doesnotcorrespond tothesecond index b) doesnotcorrespond tothefirst water”: a) corresponds toGOST springs wherewaterquality: Number of mineshafts and shafts andsprings) Water quality atthesources(mine Number ofwatersprings Number ofmineshafts cated inthevillage Mine shafts andwaterspringslo Name ofindicator of“drinking - - - m3/day Unit nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr Val ue - passport. from thetechnical the effective data separately. Use cate each source Please indi Annotation - 127 ANNEXES 128 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 1-person household sumption for: hold. 1. Numberofpersons inhouse tion: population Characteristic of consump The volumeof sewagebilled plant received The volumeof wastewatertreatment Volume of waterfortheirneeds The volumeof waterbilled The volumeof pumpedwater Data on waterserviceandsewage ples resultsof laboratorytests) disinfected, sampling dateandsam cords (datewhen theywerecleaned, d) havemaintenance re quality c) arelaboratory testedforwater by the decisionofCityCouncil b) have healthzoning,established a) have technicalpassports shafts and springswhich: Indicate thenumberof mine shafts andsprings Maintenance of mine does notmatch3andmoreindicators does notmatch2indicators does notmatch1indicator water corresponds toGOST -ofDrinking where thewaterquality: Number ofmineshaftsandsprings Average monthly watercon Name ofindicator - - - - - month Unit m3/ m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr Val ue - and yearly 2011, monthly more than 2008- activity, butno For theperiod of Annotation 42 41 50 48 47 46 45 44 43 3-person household 2-person household tutions acteristics ofbudget-fundedinsti Consumption andconsumerchar houses of ahouseholdowninggreen age waterconsumption permonth 4. Irrigation ofgreenhouses. farms: horses, sheep,goats,pigs)-mini households raisinganimals(cattle, monthly waterconsumptionfor 3. Animal breedingsector. Average ral gas heater consumers withtoilet,bathnatu tric heater consumers withtoilet, bathelec house consumers who havesinksinthe courtyard consumers with drawwellinthe monthly waterconsumptionfor: 2. Sanitary facilities. households with5 ormorepeople 4-person household Name ofindicator Average Aver ------month month month month month month month month Unit m3/ m3/ m3/ m3/ m3/ m3/ m3/ m3/ Val ue - Annotation 129 ANNEXES 130 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 Number ofbranching ter meter record Volume ofwaternot billed bythewa meter record Volume ofwaterbilledbythe ter billed: Information on thevolumeofwa meters installed Consumers who donothavewater installed Consumers who havewatermeters water service: Information on subscribersof Office Mayor’s Monthly volumeof waterbilledtothe dergarten Monthly volumeof waterbilledtokin dergarten The actualnumberof childreninkin tens according totheproject Number of placesinkindergar ondary schools Monthly volumeof waterbilledtosec ondary schools Effective numberof studentsinsec schools underthe project Number of placesinsecondary ter billedtoschool Monthly volumeof wa in school Effective numberof students cording totheproject The numberof places inschoolac Name ofindicator ------month month month month Unit stud stud stud stud m3/ m3/ m3/ m3/ m3 m3 nr nr nr nr nr Val ue - sumer pipe tothecon from themagistral the connection The branchingis Annotation - 67 66 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 68 Black steel Polyethylene PE 80andPE100 tem, made of: Length of watersupplysys the publicservicesoperator: - IndicatetheOrganizationalformof provider? sewerage of theCityHallandservice agement services forwaterand - Doyouhaveown contractman vice water supplyandsewerage? organization and operationoftheser - Doyouhaveyourown Rulesof for useofwater specialpurposes? - Doyouhave Authorization Institutional framework Storage pitsofliquidwastes Septic tanks chanical) Wastewater treatmentplant(me (TOPAS type) Treatment plantwithactivemud Plant WastewaterAnaerobic Treatment waters ismadeby: Evacuation/ cleaningofwaste a) PVCSN4 cluding: Length of seweragesystem,in Iron Name ofindicator - - - - - Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Unit km km km km km Val ue - Annotation 131 ANNEXES 132 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 ply, including: - numberof outageswatersup / index meet the norms,exceedingsheets - number ofsamplesthatdonot by an authorizedlaboratory ing water /wastewater, performed bacteriological analysis ofthedrink pling forchemical analysis/ - thereisa timeframeofsam Service quality levels GOST, NCMandothers framework, normativeacts,SNiP, - The companyisawareofthelegal & Prevention service - The companyhasan internalSafety fessional organization - The companyisamember ofpro tronage? - The company isamemberofpa organization? - Doyouhave companytradeunion ment agreement? - Doyouhavea collectiveemploy - DidyoudevelopJobdescriptions? cedure? - DoyouhaveInternalRules &Pro Hall Part orcomponentin additiontoCity Individual Enterprise Joint StockCompany(JSC) Companies (Ltd) Water usersassociation(NGO) Municipal Enterprise Name ofindicator ------Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No > 0.3 Unit Val ue - tion, with Select theop Annotation a symbol - 90 89 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 ing 75%ofconsumersasaresult Interruption ofwatersupply, affect maintenance works ing 100%ofconsumersas aresult Interruption ofwater supply, affect tion ofmaintenance Information on consump -other personnel -electricians -water channelinstallers Workers, including: Chief engineer or Chief Accountant,Accountant Director Staff List(Chart) General studies Secondary education Special secondaryeducation Higher education Total people,with vice providers The numberofemployees ser works power outageduetomaintenance Interruption ofwatersupply, dueto ment ofbillinduetime power interruptionduetonon-pay Interruption ofwatersupply, dueto maintenance works ing 50%ofconsumersasaresult Interruption ofwatersupply, affect maintenance works Name ofindicator ------Hours Hours Days Days Days Days Days Unit per per per per per per per per per per or or Val ue - employees fective numberof Indicate the ef example employment. For including part-time to thepositionlist, of staff according Enter thenumber of measure Indicate unit measure Indicate unitof Annotation 0.5, 0.25; -

133 ANNEXES 134 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 General and administrativeexpenses Commercial expenses Service cost cluding: The structureofexpenditures, in Cost withtaxes system Maintenance and repaircostsofthe Electricity costs Redemption costs medical insurance Costs of salaries,socialsecurityand cluding: The structureofexpenditures, in Charge of1m3water/canalin2010 Charge of1m3water/canalin2009 Charge of1m3water/canalin2008 Charge of1m3water/canalin2007 Charge of1m3water/canalin2006 Charge of1m3water/canalin2005 vice chargefor 2005-2010 Evolution of canalwaterser fuel natural gas coal Fuel consumption, including m3 -sewerage Specific Powerconsumption -for1 m3 ofwater Specific Powerconsumption -for1 Name ofindicator - - - lei/year lei/year lei/year lei/year lei/year lei/year lei/year lei/year Lei/m3 Lei/m3 Lei/m3 Lei/m3 Lei/m3 Lei/m3 Kw/h Kw/h Unit m3 t t Val ue - decision of tariff approval and number City Council date and yearly 2011, monthly more than 2008- activity, butno For theperiod of for 2008-2011, Indicate data Annotation per years

125 143 142 141 140 139 138 137 136 135 134 133 132 131 130 129 128 127 126 excavator nisms, installations Enterprise facilitieswithmecha Power lineconstruction Replacing waterpipelifting Replacement pump the pumping station) Repair ofthe probe(shaftabove spring Drilling ofrigsandarrangingthe ment needs Describe the physicalinvest ants Number ofcasesper1000inhabit disease outbreaksinthevillage Percentage ofthedigestivesystem ants Number ofcasesper1000inhabit outbreaks inthevillage Percentage oftheinfectiousdisease Health aspects telephone, fax printerfor printingreceipts sumption records computer foraccounting andcon special protectionclothing diggingtools mobile pump forpressurechecking tractor trailer welding machinefor steel welding machinefor polyethylene Name ofindicator - - - - - Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Unit Pcs Pcs Pcs m m Val ue - Indicate themain Annotation data 135 ANNEXES 136 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 161 160 159 158 157 156 155 154 153 152 151 150 149 148 147 146 145 144 budgetary expenditures) budgetary revenuesminustotalof Balance ofthetotalbudget(Total of Total ofbudgetaryexpenditures Financial activeexits Dent reimbursements subventions) Capital expenditures(incl.capital Current expenditures Debenture revenues(creditloans) Surplus ofthelastyear Capital investmentrevenues Current revenues thousand lei) Summary ofthelocalbudget(in water purification construction ofmechanical stepfor treatmentplant construction tion Construction of sewagepumpingsta Construction of sewernetworks Construction of thepressureboosting plant Construction ofraw watertreatment works Construction of watersupplynet Water towerconstruction Name ofindicator - - Th. Lei Th. Lei Th. Lei Th. Lei Th. Lei Th. Lei Th. Lei Th. Lei Th. Lei Thou sand Unit Pcs m3 m3 m3 Lei nr m m - Val ue - Annotation C) Localitieswithoutorganisedserviceprovision 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 com.______districtof______Total population, including Total number offamilies Demographic figures ered withgravel Please assessthequalityofstreetscov concrete-asphalt coverage Please assessthequalityofstreetswitha natural coverage Gravel covered (whiteversion) asphalt-concrete covered cluding: The totallengthof streetsintown, Number of households The averagesurface ofahousehold Village area(built) general information General Urban Planofthetown on the Water supplyand Seweragesysteminthevillage Name oftheindicator date ______2012 of______, QUESTIONNAIRE - - Unit per km km km km ha ha nr nr Val ue - Non-satisfactory Satisfactory; c) a) Good;b) Non-satisfactory Satisfactory; c) a) Good;b) Annotation 137 ANNEXES 138 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 sian wells),includingtotal: Indicate ownershipof watersources(arte Pumping stationoverwater probe Artesian wells surface underground Indicate the watersourceinlocation: tems andsewerage Data on watersupplysys Power Supply Telecommunications Natural GasSupply Households connected toservices: village Information on utilitiesavailableinthe Without constructions Inconstruction construction ofhouses,including The numberoflandplotsallocatedfor Population workingabroad Name oftheindicator - - Unit Yes/ Yes/ per No No nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr Val ue - not exceed3 village does of stayinthe whose duration ber ofpeople Enter thenum tion foreach of construc Specify year of thevillage ing watersource Enter theexist months Annotation - - - 27 26 25 24 23 22 c) private property b) collective/private property(sharevalue) a) public property Tanks made of: source tothevillage Indicate thedistancefromwater to parametersindicatedinthenorms The sanitaryprotectionzonecorresponds of theLocalCouncil The sanitaryzoneislegalizedbydecision Is pluggedtoapowersource Has atechnicalpassport Is inaworkingcondition logical andlegalaspects wells) regardingthetechnical,techno Describe thewatersources(artesian d) no owner(abandoned) Name oftheindicator - scrip Unit tion De km nr nr nr nr nr nr nr - - Val ue - possibilities indicate allthe other sources, If thereisare norms according tothe the parameters and ifitensures repair works if itrequires Local Council; decision ofthe is legalizedby protection zone Indicate ofthe the total conditions outof the indicated complying with of watersources tion thenumber next totheposi Please indicate to thisasset was attributed ance value that indicate thebal possible, please erty shares.If own theseprop many people indicate how it in sharevalues, set isdistributed the probe as confirmation. If a documental sets, whichhave ership of as Indicate own is necessaryto Annotation ------139 ANNEXES 140 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 34 33 32 31 30 29 29 28 ter”: a) corresponds toGOST springs wherewaterquality: Number of mineshafts and shafts andsprings) Water quality atthesources(mine Number ofwatersprings Number ofmineshafts in thevillage Mine shafts andwaterspringslocated The Water Source (s)Flow 4) 4indicatorsormore 3) 3indicators 2) 2indicators 1) 1indicator to GOST water qualitydoesnotcorrespond Number of Artesian wellsin which the ards of “drinkingwater” water qualitycorresponds toGOST Number of Artesian wellsin which the Water quality atsource Carbo-steel Reinforced concrete standards of“drinkingwater”: Name oftheindicator of“drinking wa stand - - Unit m3/ day m3 m3 nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr Val ue - condition Describe their passport data or thetechnical effective data source. Use rately foreach Indicate sepa probes port dataofthe technical pass indicate the Health, please of PrivatePublic the laboratory tions madein any investiga If therearenot index. corresponding name of the non- Indicate the Annotation - - - 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 more d) doesnotcorrespond to3indexesand c) doesnotcorrespond to2indexes b) doesnotcorrespond to1index Pigs Horses Cattle animals Animal breedingsector, totalnr. of garten The actualnumberof childreninkinder cording totheproject Number of placesinkindergartensac schools Effective numberof studentsinsecondary schools underthe project Number of placesinsecondary Effective numberof studentsinschool to theproject The numberof places inschoolaccording istics ofbudget-fundedinstitutions Consumption andconsumercharacter tory tests) pling dateandsamples resultsoflabora they were cleaned,disinfected,sam have a maintenancerecord(datewhen the waterqualityislaboratorytested sion oftheCityCouncil have health zoning,establishedbydeci have technicalpassports shafts and springs: Indicate thenumberof mine shafts andsprings Maintenance of mine Name oftheindicator ------Unit stud stud stud stud kids kids nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr Val ue - Annotation 141 ANNEXES 142 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 50 49 48 47 46 45 7. Constructionof watersupplynetworks 6. Water towerconstruction 5. Power lineconstruction 4. Replacing waterpipelifting 3. Replacement pump the pumping station) 2. Capitalrepairofthe probe(shaftabove spring 1.Drilling ofrigsandarrangingthe the infrastructure: Describe theinfrastructureneededin Describe the physicalinvestmentneeds Number ofcasesper1000inhabitants ease outbreaksinthevillage Percentage ofthedigestivesystemdis Number ofcasesper1000inhabitants breaks inthevillage Percentage oftheinfectiousdiseaseout Health aspects Wastewater storagepit WC inthebackyard water supply-pumpingfromaspring well water supply-pumpingfromanartesian component) centralized system(foreachseparate club intheconditionsofaninexistent gard to:schools,kindergartens,local sewerage problemissolvedwithre Describe howthewatersupply& Irrigated surface(gardens) Sheep, goats Name oftheindicator - - - Unit Pcs Pcs Pcs m3 m m m Val ue - Indicate Annotation 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 10. Constructionof sewernetworks 9. Constructionof thepressureboosting plant 8. Construction ofrawwatertreatment expenditures) etary revenuesminustotalofbudgetary Balance ofthetotalbudget(Total ofbudg Total ofbudgetaryexpenditures Financial activeexits Dent reimbursements tions) Capital expenditures(incl.capitalsubven Current expenditures Debenture revenues(creditloans) Surplus ofthelastyear Capital investmentrevenues Current revenues sand lei) Summary ofthelocalbudget(inthou water purification 13. construction ofmechanicalstepfor 12. treatmentplant construction tion 11. Constructionof sewagepumpingsta Name oftheindicator - - - - Unit Pcs Th. Th. Th. Th. Th. Th. Th. Th. Th. Th. m3 m3 Lei Lei Lei Lei Lei Lei Lei Lei Lei Lei nr m Val ue - Annotation 143 ANNEXES 144 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 1 A. NationalPriorities CriteriaIncluding andIndicators Annex II:National andRayon Priorities ured. was notavailable. Data onnumber ofdiseasesinthelocality Several were criteria discussed anditwas finallydecidedthat the water willbemeas quality Indicators Indicators Proposed Proposed Proposed criterion criterion criterion Priority Priority Priority with interruption. Priority isgiventolocalitieswhere drinkingwatersupplyisprovided ing 100households. This localitygets7.5points (10–10*100/400). Example: localityof400householdshaspipedwatersupplycover ber ofhouseholdsinthelocality. households connectedtothewatersupplydividedbytotalnum The pipedwatersupplycoverageiscalculatedasthenumberof ing accesstopipedwatersupply. Priority isgiventolocalitieswithalowpercentageofpopulationhav 3 indexesormore). Maximum numberofpoints:10(whenallwellsdonotcorrespond to + 50%/30%). spond to 1index. The localitygets5.4points(25%/10%+25%/20% 25% donotcorrespond to2indexesandtherestdoescorre respond to 3indexesormoreofGOST Example: thereare30wellsinthelocality, 25%ofthemdonotcor which waterquality: Number of wells(includingartesianwells)andspringsinlocalityfor standards. which water qualitydoesnotcorrespondtoGOST “drinkingwater” Priority is given to localities withthe highest shareof artesian wellsin To increasecoverageofpopulationwithpipedwatersupply • • • • • gets 1pointlessforeach10%ofpipedwatersupplycoverage Existing pipedwatersupplynetworkinthelocality:locality No pipedwatersupplynetworkinthelocality:10points does notcorrespond to1index:pointforeach30% does notcorrespond to2indexes:1pointforeach20% water” standards:1pointforeach10%ofwells /springs does notcorrespond to3indexesormoreofGOST To ensure24hprovisionwithdrinkingwater 1

1 To reducewaterrelatedmorbidity “drinking water”standards, “drinking ------Indicators Indicators Indicators Proposed Proposed Proposed criterion criterion criterion Priority Priority Priority Priority the locality. network lengthbuiltbefore1995tothetotalof in Share ofthepipesbuiltbefore1995iscalculatedassum WSS infrastructureinlocality: depreciated. Priority isgiventolocalitieswhereexistingWSSinfrastructure Number ofdaysperyearwhenwatersupplywasinterrupted: Priority isgiventolocalitieswithexisting (pre-)schools Existing sanitationsystemanditscoverageinlocality: coverage withasanitationsystem. Priority isgiventolocalitieswithnosanitationsystemorlimited To improveaccessof(pre-)school studentstoimprovedWSS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 40 andmoredays:10points 30-39 days:8points 20-29 days:6points 10-19 days:4points 5-9 days:2points less than5days:0points before 1995 Existing infrastructure:1pointforeach10%ofthepipesbuilt No existinginfrastructure:0Points If nosanitationsystemexistsinlocalityover2000PE:10points points If nosanitationsystemexistsinlocalitybelow2000PE:8 holds inlocalitiesover2000PE:6points If sanitationsystemexistsanditcovers<75%ofthehouse holds inlocalitiesbelow2000PE(PE=population):4points If sanitationsystemexistsanditcovers<75%ofthehouse holds: 2points If sanitationsystemexistsanditcovers>75%ofthehouse holds: 0points If sanitationsystemexistsanditcovers>90%ofthehouse To haltdeteriorationofexistingWSSinfrastructure To increasecoveragewithimprovedsanitation To ensure24hprovisionwithdrinkingwater facilities. - - - - 145 ANNEXES 146 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS Riscani B. RayonPriorities Indicators Indicators Indicators Proposed Proposed Proposed criterion criterion criterion Priority Priority Priority tions withoutaccesstotheWSS services. Priority isgiventolocalitieswiththe highestnumberofpublicinstitu Points areallocatedfor: Priority isgiventosmalldisadvantagedlocalitieswithlowincome. Number ofactions Apa CanalorLPA haveimplemented: ment oftheir Apa Canals(WSSserviceproviders). Priority isgiventolocalitieswhichhaveexperienceintheimprove Schools inlocality: To improveaccesstoWSSservicesforpublicinstitutions(ex • • • • • • • • • • • • To improvelivingconditionsindisadvantagedlocalities 5: 1point The numberofeconomicagents(enterprises)inthelocality< Population ofthelocality<500:1point Number ofpensioners>40%:1point cal analysis: 1point Timeframe of samplingforchemicalanalysis/bacteriologi Internal safety andpreventionservice:1point Job descriptions:1point Service contractwiththe LPA 1:1point Rules of organisationandoperationtheservice:1point Inter-municipal cooperation:2points ply andsanitationfacilities:0points If inthereisnoschoollocalityorhasbothwatersup sanitation facilitiesbutnowatersupply):5points If schoolhaswatersupplybutnosanitationfacilities(or ties: 10points If schoolinlocalityhasnowatersupplyandsanitationfacili To improveexistingserviceprovision cept schools) ------Cahul Indicators Indicators Proposed Proposed criterion criterion Priority Priority potential. The economicpotentialisdefinedas: Priority isgiventolocalitieswithhighesteconomicdevelopment no 100%coverage. Priority isgiventothelocalitieswithexistingWSSinfrastructurebut - - - inhabitants: formula yieldspointsforthenumberofpublicinstitutionsper100 and thendividedbythenumberofinhabitantsmultiplied100. The Points aresummarisedforeachpublicinstitution(asdefinedbelow) - - - • • Social assistanceinstitutions(rehabilitationcentres): • • Community centres: • • Medical institutions(healthcentresandfamilydoctorcentres): • • • • • • and withnosewagenetwork:1point For eachsocialassistanceinstitutionwithpipedwatersupply and nosewagenetwork:2points withnopipedwatersupply For eachsocialassistanceinstitution sewage network:1point For eachcommunitycentrewithpipedwatersupplyandno sewage network:2points For eachcommunitycentrewithnopipedwatersupplyand sewage network:1point For eachmedicalinstitutionwithpipedwatersupplyandno sewage network:2points For eachmedicalinstitutionwithnopipedwatersupplyand work Industrial enterpriseswithnopiped watersupply/sewagenet / sewagenetwork Regular foodprocessingenterpriseswithnopipedwatersupply work Restaurants orcaféswithnopipedwatersupply/sewagenet path, monuments,museums,etc. water supply/sewagenetwork:river, lake,forestwithtourist Places ofinterestfortouristslocatedinthelocalitywithnopiped For morethan90%connectionrate3:0points For every10%ofwaterconnectionrate:1point To extendexistingWSSinfrastructure To supporteconomicdevelopment - - 147 ANNEXES 148 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS Indicators Indicators Proposed Proposed Indicator criterion criterion Priority Priority - - inhabitants: formula yieldspointsforthenumberofpublicinstitutionsper100 and thendividedbythenumberofinhabitantsmultiplied100. The Points aresummarisedforeachpublicinstitution(asdefinedbelow) tions withoutaccesstotheWSSservices. Priority isgiventolocalitieswiththehighestnumberofpublicinstitu For every100residents:1point Priority isgiventolocalitieswiththehighestpopulationnumber. - - - of economicdevelopmentindicatorsper100inhabitants: habitants multipliedby100. The formulayieldspointsforthenumber potential (asdefinedbelow)andthendividedbythenumberofin Points aresummarisedforeachindicatorofeconomicdevelopment To improveaccesstoWSSservicesforpublicinstitutions(esp. - - - - - • Medical institutions(healthcentresandfamilydoctorcentres): • • • • • Food processingenterprises: • • Restaurants /cafés: • • • Places ofinterestfortouristsinthelocality: • • Social assistanceinstitutions(rehabilitation centres): • and withnosewage network:1point For eachsocialassistanceinstitution withpipedwatersupply ply andnosewagenetwork:2points For eachsocialassistanceinstitution withnopipedwatersup no sewagenetwork:1point For eachmedicalinstitutionwithpiped watersupplyandwith sewage network:2points For eachmedicalinstitutionwithnopipedwatersupplyand no sewagenetwork:2points For eachindustrialenterprisewithpipedwatersupplyand with nosewagenetwork:3points For eachindustrialenterprisewithnopipedwatersupplyand Industrial enterprises: and withnosewagenetwork:2points For eachfoodprocessingenterprisewithpipedwatersupply and withnosewagenetwork:3points For eachfoodprocessingenterprisewithnopipedwatersupply sewage network:2points For eachrestaurant/caféwithpipedwatersupplyandno no sewagenetwork:3points For eachrestaurant/caféwithnopipedwatersupplyand network: 1point ply coveringmorethan50%ofpopulationandwithnosewage For eachplaceofinterestinthelocalitywithpipedwatersup network: 2points ply coveringlessthan50%ofpopulationandwithnosewage For eachplaceofinterestinthelocalitywithpipedwatersup supply andwithnosewagenetwork:3points For eachplaceofinterestinthelocalitywithnopipedwater To meetasmanypeoplepossible health centres) - - - - - District Water inCahul SupplyandSanitationSector Development Strategy Chapter for the Annex III:ExampleSocio-Economic SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTSTRATEGY FOR CAHUL DISTRICT 2012-2017 DISTRICT FOR CAHUL Component: Water SupplyandSewerageServices 2012 149 ANNEXES 150 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS RESULTS OF PRIORITIZATION OF INVESTMENT NEEDS IN CAHUL ANNEX 3. PRIORITIZATION OF INVESTMENTS NEEDS ANNEX 2. ACTION PLAN ANNEX 1. NATIONAL AND LOCAL PRIORITIES III. II. I. INTRODUCTION ABBREVIATIONS CONTENTS OVERVIEW

3.1. 2.7. 2.6. 2.5. 2.4. 2.3. 2.2. 2.1. 1.2. 1.1. 3.5. 3.4. 3.3. 3.2. STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECTIONS THE WATER SUP CURRENT SITUATION OF WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE SER DISTRICT IN CAHULDISTRICT PLY AND SEWERAGE SECTOR 2012 - 2017 VICES IN CAHULDISTRICT Sewerage Sector inCahulSewerage District Sector erage Options. Assessment ofInvestment Needs vices Component Criteria for Prioritization Settlement andClustering SWOT Analysis ofthe Water SupplyandSewerage Sector Planning ofthe Water SupplyandSewerage Sector Funding ofthe WSS Sector FrameworkInstitutional Public Accessibility to Sewerage inCahul Services District Water andSewerage SupplyInfrastructure Services Water Resources. Water Quality WSS Legal Framework andInstitutional SEDS Updating Methodology, Water Supplyand Sewerage Ser Monitoring andEvaluationMonitoring PlanAction to Achieve Objectives andPrioritiesObjectives for theDevelopment ofthe Water and Technical and Technological Solutions. Proposed Water andSew ......

...... - - - - 152 152 151 164 154 188 186 181 178 162 161 161 159 157 156 154 154 152 176 176 172 165 164 EIB LPA RDA South WSS Abbreviations UM SEDS NGO ME LWG NFRD EBRD

Unit ofMeasurement Local Working Group National FundforRegionalDevelopment European BankforReconstructionandDevelopment Regional Development Agency South Local Public Administration Local Water SupplyandSewerage Non-Government Organization European InvestmentBank Municipal Enterprise Social andEconomicDevelopmentStrategy 151 ANNEXES 152 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS terms ofwatersupplyandseweragecoversthefollowing mainsteps: The methodologyfor participatory planningthe updating of the SEDS in vices Component 1.1. SEDS Updating Methodology, Water Supply and Sewerage Ser I. Overview tions. op development the establishing and needs the identifying in stakeholders of bled theapplicationparticipatorymethodandinvolvementof all the with cooperation GIZ experts. international assistance at all stages, in particular the technical expertise of national and The cooperation withbranchministriesandrelevantauthorities. South by the was coordinated The planning district. of Cahul communities by local manner in aparticipatory established are sector wasused,which sewerage and al prioritiesinthewatersupply Tomethodology, planning thisend,aninnovative nation and local involving terms ofquantityandquality. and seweragesectorinorderto ensure peopleaccessto better servicesin (WSS) is to provide a clear guidance in the development of the water supply component sewerage and supply water the district, Cahul for (SEDS) egy ofStrat The mainpurpose updatingtheSocialandEconomicDevelopment Introduction • • • German DevelopmentCooperation(GIZ) salsmn o ntoa priorities national of Establishment decentralized services(PublicHealthCenter, Agency ofEcology); state and society of thecivil representatives services, sewerage and and LPAof watersupply ofthe1stleveldistrict,providers Council through the working group comprising officials from Cahul DC was discussedandacceptedby representatives of Cahul District consensus. local a of Establishment within various events including: infocusgroupsandat within variouseventsincluding: discussions manner in aparticipatory was performed communities of local needs priorities, local of determination The identified basedonthenational policydocuments; , which ensures the promotion of the relevant regional policies and , policies which ensuresthepromotionofrelevantregional einl eeomn Agency Development Regional . were priorities The national reflecting the most important most the reflecting methodology The planning Humboldt University Humboldt provided a comprehensive provided ena - - - - - the WSSserviceswasbasedonfollowingassumptions: for area) operating optimum (the cluster the define to used approach The • • • • • • • and local priorities. At this step, the local (LPA, Public Health Center) Health (LPA,Public local the step, this priorities. At local and tional andlocalpriorities. to combinethenational Thus, itwasdecided na the reflect should system prioritization The priorities. established settlements basedonthe toprioritize necessary vide theinformation The data collection cial actors. round tablesno.1, no.2 andno.3. with activeinvolvementof local so water intakes; surface new of construction the or / and sources water existing using of way the account into taking by achieved was This proposed. were district the throughout problems supply water tackle to how on tions op possible several experts, by collected information the on Based ture; was an inventory of existing water sources and the relevant infrastruc The first step in defining the optimum operating area pf water services services willfollowthewatersupplyservices; need for water supplyservices.It was assumedthat the sewerage area fortheWSSservices isbasedonthe The optimumoperating the localteamwithexpertassistance. by table round 5th the during developed were 2017 - 2012 for tions) Plan theAction and objectives long-term specific The tions werebasedoninter-municipalcooperation. solu proposed the efficiency, service better a for and sources water management solutions. Because of the lack of clean and safe drinking effectiveservice and water drinking safe to citizens connecting of ties tlement. Waterbased onthepossibili supplyoptionswereproposed Round Tablethe mayorsofeachset team and by thelocal organised options sewerage and supply water The international technicalexpertsinWSS. account. and by ateamofnational was conducted The dataanalysis into taken were delivery services WSS the of management efficient priorities. with theestablished ance of possibilities Also thetechnical analysis data The Health, Agency forLandRelations andCadastre.) for Public Center (National involved were authorities the national and aimed the prioritization of settlements in accord occurred along with participatory activitiestopro with participatory along occurred were discussed at the 4th the at discussed were (soft ac ------153 ANNEXES 154 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS its course ravines, bays and natural lakes. The territory is crossed by the by crossed is territory The lakes. natural and bays ravines, course its of theareacomprises ofPrutriver,The hydrology whichforms throughout 2.1. Water Resources.Water Quality Services inCahulDistrict II. CurrentSituationof Water Supply andSewerage lowing regulationsandlegalacts: by thefol services aregoverned the watersupplyandsewerage Nationally Legal Framework Assessment WSS NationalLegalFramework 1.2. WSSLegalandInstitutionalFramework • • • • • • • • • Council decisionandtheapplicationoftheseprovisions inpractice. District Cahul by strategy this of approval and adjustment the tation, The districtcouncilshallprovideinitsplansthe implemen monitoring order no.69of11 March1990; operation. with the Approved bytheMinistryofUtilitiesandHousing The Technicalsewerage and pipeline for water Regulation Security the DepartmentofConstructionand Territorial Development. of 2005 February 18 of no.40 order settlements. The of system erage sew the into discharge wastewater for permits and specifications cal The Framework Regulations on receiving wastewater, issue of techni and GCoftheRMbyorderno.16327October1999; vices inMoldova. Approved by Ministry of Territorial Development,C ser and sewerage water supply providing sumption attheenterprises water con of normsonindustrial ofdevelopment The methodology and seweragesystems.Orderno.6of24January2006RDA. supply water of operation technical on Regulations - Framework The no.656 of27May2002; systems. sewerage Government Decision by theMoldovan Approved and supply water public of use the on Regulations - Framework The the cost-effectiveness approach. on be based will services supply of water area operating The optimum Investmentandoperatingcostsforeachoptionwereestimated; voirs) wasdeterminedthroughhydraulicmodelling. reser and towers water networks, distribution and supply water tions, sta (pumping required infrastructure the proposed option each For ------Inspectorate at different river points in Moldova also proves that with the ex lowest one. The resultsof the analysis conductedby the State Ecological cially during September and October, when the water flow of Prut river is the espe (Romania), facilities Mare Valea at wastewater treated insufficiently of discharges by influenced is Ungheni, of downstream water river Prut of quality Manta. The and Beleu Moldova: in lakes largest the has district The Mica, Salcia Mare and Salcia Cotihana, rivers Cahul, TiheciLarguta. and prerequisites forMoldovacanbestipulatedasfollows: and socialdevelopmentof all countries of the border riverbasin. These to theeconomic not contribute security does environmental and hygienic and food, sanitary not guarantee does the currentstateofwaterresources because ofwaterresourcesmanagement, radical revisionoftheprinciples number of consistent prerequisites and current conditions, which requires a We have to solve with Ukraine and Romania important problems related to a eration forwatersustainableprotectionanduse. how theirbasinsaremanagedbybordercountries,thecountriescoop into watersheds,by in concentration pollutants inwastewaterdischarged of discharges by influenced strongly is watercourses of quality water The the actualconcentrationsofCBO5andNH4toCMA. referring by obtained index the of watercourses the of portions low the on water quality increases as well. This is typical for Prut river with the increase on pressure the anthropic basin, of thesurfacewatercourse pansion • • • • • • • bouring countries inthesustainablemanagement ofwaterresources. neigh with cooperation and fundraising for measures insufficient The population. of income low the and country the of possibilities financial limited The ter resources. infrastructure andwa of thehydro-technical degradation The ongoing health. public on utilities and quality water poor the of impact negative The water betweendifferent administrativestructures. protection, theconservationof ecosystems, thenegativeimpacts on water use,its of surface andunderground on theproblems sibilities of problems. dismantling The administrative of respon The separation agement, useandprotection. man water for framework regulatory obsolete the of application The transboundary aspects). The fragmented application of water laws (without reflecting any of the ------155 ANNEXES 156 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS Table no.1 bilitation ofwaternetworksandpumpingstations. reha the allowed that grants and loans of number a from benefited Cahul” only 11.3%steel and and ofcarbon. “Apa-Canal Enterprise The Municipal iron of 5.84% polyethylene, of are 82.8% networks, water of km 279.3 total Thewater supply the population. systems in rural of areas are largely built from efficient materials. Of decline the financial the and economy national the of situation critical the of influence the despite satisfactory as deemed district canbe of Cahul infrastructure sewerage and The watersupply 2.2. Water SupplyInfrastructureandSewerageServices the actualcapacityoftreatedwateris8,000m3/day. for The watertreatmentplantwasdesignedacapacityof 27,500 m3/day, pumps (3) operate). three all (when m3/day 23,000 approx. is capacity station ing Currently, the delivered water flow makes up 3,000 m3/day, while the pump on theterritoryoftreatmentplant(TP). located (PS), station pumping the from distributed is and each, m3 2000 of The treated water is reservoirswith stored inthreeundergrounda capacity station forfinaltreatment. chlorination filters; quick-open decanters; suspension chambers; reaction sulphate); (aluminium solution anticoagulant the of input the for mixer cal the of south km 4 center.town verti installations: the following The treatmentplantincludes approx. located plant treatment the to feed long a km 8 through pipe pumped is water raw the station intake the From center. Prut river. The water intake station is located approx. 4 km west of the town on surfacewaterfrom town isbased system ofCahul The watersupply 2 1 No. from watersupply Settlements benefiting Number ofsettlements Accessibility of Water SupplyServices Indicator num num UM ber ber - - Total trict dis 31 55 - Urban areas Settlements 1 1 munes com Rural areas 23 36 - lages vil 18 7 - - - - Table no.2 2.3. Public Accessibility inCahulDistricttoSewerageServices tors. Cahul district commune requires significant efforts to meet the target indica and district Cahul that emphasized be may it conclusion, In (20,5%). ones populated poorly the in or commune the of villages the in less and (30.0%) services inthe residence settlementsof the commune andlargevillages of water supply development ofincreasing district hasatendency 2020.The improved water sources for 35% of rural population by 2015 and for 45% by list of indicators wasapprovedthat provides for the assuranceof access to of the ministries of Environment and Healthsignedon20October2010a order joint the to According 2005. December 15 on of part became which in theWaterby Moldova on10March2000and andHealthProtocolsigned proves that the situation in the district is below the target indicator specified The analysisofaccessibilityto data onpopulation watersupplyservices 4 3 2 1 4 3 No. the publicnetwork water supplyservicesfrom Population benefitingfrom Total population from thepublicnetwork from sewerageservices Population benefiting Total population from sewerage Settlements benefiting Number ofsettlements Accessibility ofSewerage and Water Treatment Services Indicator num num num UM ber ber ber num num % ber ber % - - - - - 28.4% 124.8 Total 35.4 trict dis 49.2% 124.8 55 61.4 4 - Urban 86.9% area 34.5 39.7 92.2% 36.6 39.7 Settlements 1 1 munes com 1.2% 30.0% 77.3 0.9 10 36 23.2 77.3 Rural area - lages 20.5% 0% vil 7.8 18 1.6 7.8 0 0 - - 157 ANNEXES 158 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS * nodataorincomplete Network Table 3 network inCahuldistrict(referenceyear-2010). water supply,ing sewerage rainwater wastewater treatmentand sewerage, Table.drink public the on data technology and technical the summarizes 3 impose meetingthecost-qualityrelationship. will and stakeholders involved the of accountability the increase will model. This “turnkey” the with accordance in or model fidic” “yellow the to ing construction of sewerage systems and wastewatertreatment plants accord ship. Oneof the waysofthisissueisholdatenderfor addressing the relation cost-quality the meet would that implemented be to technologies some al districtlevelandbyselecting some priorities tems byestablishing sys sewerage of construction the for resources financial the use efficiently deficit.financial with systems treatment to necessary is it time, same the At wastewater and sewerage of development the predict to difficult rather is It Water treatmentcapacity work Length oftherainwaterseweragenet Public sewerageandrainwaterdischargenetwork Sewerage inseparationsystem Sewerage inunitarysystem Length oftheseweragenetwork Public sewerageandwastewatertreatmentnetwork Amount ofsuppliedwater Amount ofproducedwater Length ofthewatersupplynetwork Public drinkingwatersupplynetwork Technical and Technology Data onthePublic Drinking Water Supply Indicator - UM 359.5 Total 72.5 72.5 trict Dis - Urban area 51.6 51.6 80.2 Rural area 279.3 20.9 20.9 0 * * * * - - - - Nationally theauthoritiesresponsibleforwatersupplyandsewerageare: National InstitutionalFramework 2.4. InstitutionalFramework the organization and operation, competences willbeassigned: and operation, thefollowing the organization tablish by its decision the Public UtilitiesSupervisor. By the Regulations on es shall Council District Cahul framework institutional local the Toadjust utilities are: The local authorities withpowers andcompetencesincommentarypublic and financingofthewatersupplysewerageservices. Cahul DistrictCouncilareresponsiblefor the establishment,management - Cahul authorities The local Townand councils the districtlocal Council, a through democratic decisiontakenbythecompetentlocalgovernment. expressed largely agreement an following organised interest, (regional) district or local of are services sewerage and supply water The Local InstitutionalFramework • • • • • • • The MinistryofHealth;(forpublichealthissues); The MinistryofEnvironment; ning, townplanning andenvironment; programs for settlement social andeconomicdevelopment, landplan with and inline to aunitaryconception to conductthemaccording order in works urban and technical of performance and design of tion for thecoordina recommendations and of proposals the development in consultationwithprovides; draft programs for the establishmentof some newsystems, including of as well as systems, sewerage and supply water existing the of tion moderniza and expansion rehabilitation, the for programs services, of opment andapprovalofowndraftstrategiesonthedevelopment for thedevel and recommendations of proposals the development sociated governments. as of local on behalf services, forand sewerage and of watersupply which assumes the duties, responsibilities and localgovernments, rights strictly in by the field andestablished authorities public as defined established) be to (needed associations cooperation Intercommunity Local councilsoftheItslevel–forlocalservices; Cahul DistrictCouncil–fordistrictservices; ------159 ANNEXES 160 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS and watersupplysewerage systemscreatedinsettlements. investment record to Office Cadastral Cahul with effectively cooperate to councils inthedistrict willneed and village services, CahulDistrictCouncil of createdwaterand sewerage of themanagement For theimprovement • • • • • • • • • • the protectionandconservation ofthenaturalandbuiltenvironment. ment ofthecompetentauthoritiescouldoccur); and involve some newmonopolies for establishing where conditions of areas (monitoring conditions of areaswithmonopoly the restriction for rates and water supplyandsewerageservices; prices of change or adjustment establishment, the of for theapproval and recommendations of proposals the development approved bycompetentregulatoryauthorities; and norms developed with methodological in compliance and charges rates prices, special of approval and modification adjustment, ment, for theestablish recommendations and of proposals the development latory authorities; by competentregu and approved on services,developed regulations framework the on based regulations service of approval and opment of onthedevel the developmentproposalsandrecommendations the technicalandurbaninfrastructureforservices; law,or develop to establish utility providers by public obtained loans on ensuring,by of proposalsandrecommendations the development ment, rehabilitationandmodernizationofexistingsystems; develop the for programs investment finance to loans guaranteeing or on contracting recommendations and of proposals the development public local,intercommunityordistrictutilityservices,asappropriate; capital of some commercialcompaniesaimedat providing / rendering of theshare the establishment units in administrative of territorial tion for theparticipa recommendations and of proposals the development constitute thetechnicalandurbaninfrastructureofservices; of public and/ or private assets of territorial administrativeunits that or concession and transferintomanagement of servicemanagement the developmentoffor proposals andrecommendationsthe transfer vestments inpublicutilitysystems; in making and financing for including services, public some operate and manage organize, in ordertoestablish, association communitary the development offor proposals andrecommendationsthe inter------forms oforganization)thatcanbe: with otherlegal companies companies, liability partnerships, limited panies, specialized providers (municipal and individual enterprises, joint stock com by / rendered are provided services sewerage and The publicwatersupply Providers ofWater Supply andSewerageServices planning. solidarity, intermsofsocial / rendered protection and land environmental provided activity the of effects the account into takes that financing of way and the to theformsof management will beadapted utilities The public services, namely: the watersupplyandsewerage adopt oneofthemeansmanaging will and complexity of water supply and sewerage systems, the local authorities ratio forthecurrentandfutureinterestsof the settlement,aswell thesize quality / price best the ensure to need the service, of condition and nature the on Depending management. result-oriented sustainable, and efficient of someeffective,The localcouncilsshouldensuretheimplementation 2.6. PlanningoftheWater SupplyandSewerageSector networks inCahultownwerereconstructedandrenovated. existing the USD million 2.8 worth project funded Bank World the Through IFMS credits. the district and localbudget20.2 million MDL from the World Bank and 1,630.0 thousandMDL fromthestatebudget,1,322thousand MDL from MDLmillion from various sourcesoffunding,outwhich wereallocated 23.2 settlement district the of works supply water drinking the for 2007 In 2.5. FundingoftheWSSSector of organizationtheprovidersconcerned. forms the legal and modernize to reorganize forms need services invarious Most settlementswatersupplyandsewerage in thedistrictwhoorganised trict istheMunicipalEnterprise“Apa-CanalCahul”. services ofCahuldis of watersupplyandsewerage provider The leading • • a) c) b) transfer ofmanagement. direct management;or specialized departmentsofthelocalgovernment; individuals and/ortheirassociations. businesses, regardlessoflegalformorganization; - - 161 ANNEXES 162 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 2.7. SWOT Analysis oftheWater SupplyandSewerageSector of management. as way by concession the systemofmanagementdelegation the adoption providers justify the orientation of local authority in decision making towards of the obligation delivery/ provision of services byauthorizedspecialized and and investmentconstraints,relativetoforeignfundraising institutional financial, and economic of series A management. their on decisions mum opti take to required are councils local the services, public cost-effective financially and economically efficient, some of provision / delivery the For and qualityofservicesthewaytheyshallbemeasured/quantified. quantity of indicators the with compliance the for providing obligatory tions services will be provided on the basis of a service regulations and specifica Regardless of the adoptedmanagement, water supplyandsewerage transfer ofmanagement. to provider,or canbeconceded of providers and operation the following vide / render publicutilitiescanbetransferredintothedirect management to pro unit, used administrative The publicorprivateassetsoftheterritorial search andinnovationcentre. deu” inCahulasawaterandsewerage re Existence oftheStateUniversity “B.P. Has services principles ofwatersupplyandsewerage inter-community andregionaldevelopment Pascani andRosu)inatestlaboratoryforthe supply inthevillagesCrihanaVeche, Manta, Transformation ofCahulItscluster (Water services and operationofwatersupplysewerage inter-communitly forthejointorganization Existence ofthepoliticalwilltocooperate the startofsomeinvestmentprojects Existence oftechnicaldocumentationpriorto rural settlements infrastructure coveringapartofthedistrict Existence ofawatersupplyandsewage some watersystemsdevelopmentprojects District councilinvolvementintheinitiationof Strengths - - bution network Big lossesinthetransportanddistri and sewerageserviceinparticular; Low levelofpeopleaccesstowater operating andmaintenance costs Poor capacityofpeopletocover the networks the needofconnectingtourban Poor awarenessofpopulationon projects inthefield; to developtechnicalandinvestment Limited capacityoflocalauthorities credibility inforeigndonors. of fundswithamuchadvanced needed foramucheffective access age thewaterandsewerageservice Lack ofaregionalprovidertoman lation onservicemanagement Failure tocomplywithspecificlegis Weaknesses ------increase ofthefinancialsupportfromforeign funding forthedrinkingwaterinfrastructure, Possibility ofaccessingmultiplesources enables fasterstartofinvestmentprojects The existenceoftechnicaldocumentation of localpublicservicesinMoldova” within theGIZ-fundedproject“Modernization Technical assistanceofGOPA consortium bility Studyonwatersupplyandsewerage Development andimplementationofaFeasi system; Establishment ofaregionalwatersupply systems; zation andimprovementofdrinkingwater Access tonewtechnologiesforthemoderni water supplyandsewagesystems; risk ofdiseasepopulationbyestablishing Reduction ofenvironmentalpollutionandthe Ensuring comfortandhealthofinhabitants; cessing enterprisesarelocated villages inthedistrictwhereagriculturalpro major impactoneconomicdevelopmentof ment ofproductiveeconomicactivitieswith infrastructure cancontributetothedevelop The existenceofthewaterandsewerage technical assistancefromRDA SOUTH jects throughfundingfromtheNFRDand Possibility ofimplementinginvestmentpro donors (EBRD,EIB,EuropeanCommission) Opportunities - - - - - port ofinvestmentprojects Difficulty relativetothefinancialsup pean qualitystandards High costsofcompliancewithEuro layed approvalofmajorprojects ties causedbyregionalization.De Organizational andfinancialdifficul age systemsineffective make thewatersupplyandsewer The highdegreeofpovertycan of improvisedseptictanks household waste,animaluse water byuncontrolledstorageof Pollution ofsurfaceandground the worksperformed; ing ofsomeprojectsmaydamage The impossibilityoffurtherco-fund cial resources; services becauseofverypoorfinan value ofwatersupplyandsewerage Impossibility ofcoveringthecounter Threats ------163 ANNEXES 164 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS age networkisbasedonthefollowingcriteria: networks and awastewatertreatmentplant. The effectiveof thesewer development sewerage of construction the need networks supply water The work and WastewaterAgglomerations oftheSewerage Treatment Net of Cahultown. plant treatment water the and networks supply water to connection require watersupply not do of and water with supplied are that locations also the functioning are There networks. on influence significant a has it and age differencesThere arelarge terms ofwater/sewer in locations between like Cahultown. in thesamecluster are argumentsfortheirinclusion cani andRosuvillages Veche,Pas Crihana Manta, in projects capacity.ongoing unused The this use to order in recommended are town Cahul beyond network the extend may that Actions used. is plant treatment the of and capacity intake the water of 30% than Less center. town the from southwest km 4 about cated lo is station intake river.The Prut from water with supplied is town Cahul capacity isinsufficienttoensurewatersupplyinthenearbycommunities. source water the and good is quality water the others in while settlements, some in poor very is wells in water of quality the that shows inventory This sources. water existing of inventory the on based is definition cluster The Water SupplyClusters 3.1. CriteriaforSettlementPrioritizationandClustering ply andSewerageSector2012-2017 III. StrategicDevelopmentDirectionsoftheWater Sup • • • plant at the lowest point of the sewerage system intheagglomeration. plant atthelowestpointof sewerage treatment for wastewater lot suitable a land to identify There isaneed work; net sewerage gravity a of existence the enable should glomeration ag the so expensive, very are services pumping and sewerage The than 2,000peopleorequivalent); ance with the EU shouldhave standards, suchagglomerationmore accord (in expensive too not is plant treatment wastewater the that The agglomeration should be large enough (in terms of population) so ------clia deSalcie;Burlacu. Tataresti, Huluboia; Trifestii Noi,Lopatica, Tudoresti, Tartaul deSalcie, Tara Zirnesti, Tretesti,Moscovei, Bucuria,Lucesti, Cotihana; Chircani; Cucoara, Larga Veche,Moldoveni, Rumeantev,Moldovenesc, Badicul LargaNoua, Baurci Jos, de Andrusul Sus, de Andrusul villages the C) B, (A, 1 Cluster Sewerage Options. Assessment ofInvestmentNeeds and Water Proposed Solutions. Technological and Technical 3.2. 4. 3. 2. 1. determined bythefollowingfactors: The sustainable development of water supplysystems in Cahuldistrict is Greceni; Satuc, Pelinei, Burlaceni, Iujnoie, Ursoaia, Alexanderfield, Lebedenco, Nicolaevca, Gavanoasa, Hutulu, Vladimirovca, villages the (D) 2 Cluster vestment projecttoberealizedinautumn2012. in an on working are and valley river the in located are villages 3 only the eastern plateau.Of 31 settlementsthat have nowatersupplysystem in of Prutriverand in thevalley the settlementslocated vices between on thelevelofaccesstowatersupplyser There isalargediscrepancy settlements, 8villagesareinhabitedby66-428people. The settlements are different in terms of the number of population. Of all (Andrusul deJos)to257m(IasnaiaPoleana)abovethesealevel. of 35m - fromtheheight The locationofthe33settlementsisrandom two ortreetimestheoperatingterm. exceeded they that means which 1968, ÷ 1963 in drilled are region the per/day, it is necessary to drill morewells,becausethe operated ones in water acquisition in industrial quantities. To meet a demand of about 4m 125l ÷ 2 aquifers, of flow The 3 / h are inefficient for the organization of organization the for inefficient are h / - - - 165 ANNEXES 166 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS branching of 42.6% of households. But it is necessary to mention that there eas F and E have watersupplysystems and reached anaveragelevelof as priorities. established meetings they were ing The settlements inthear The areas A, B, C and D are the most disadvantaged ones and at the work Poleana village(AreaC)and Gavanoasavillage(AreaD). Iasnaia B), (Area village Huliboaia A), (Area village Burlacu towards lines pipe supply water of extension the for provides scheme supply water The 32.1% ofthetotalcapacity. m3/day,5,582 of average an delivered is Provider which the years, last the to theresultsofactivitiesover It wasfoundthataccording Cahul. Canal Enterprise by theMunicipal managed water treatmentplant surface Apa of water supply systems, using the unused productioncapabilitiesof the local with to accepttheschemeofdevelopment approved thedecision governments jointly Council District Cahul conducted, studies the on Based Water SupplySchemeinCahulDistrictSettlements - - - Under this strategy,Under system fortheset water supply of regional thedesign with services. teau willreacha level of accessibility of at least 35%of people provided port intheIInd stage after 2017, whenthesettlementslocatedonpla sup financial from benefit to valley Prut in located settlements the requires system. water supply systems of watersupply The strategyofdevelopment the to connected households of 80% than more have that settlements are 2 to4km. above sealevel andwithalength of pumping andof pipesfrom discharge m 82 - 62 at pumping wastewater require would which distance, equal an at plant treatment the of location the to relative problem difficult a become strip of 1000 m. For 10 settlements in the lower river valley (cluster E) it may and Prutriversaprotection of riverandbasinwatersetting outforDanube ance with the Law No. 440 of 27 April 1995 on the protected areas and strips accord in areas protected of strips the by imposed constraints by fluenced treatment systemsisin and wastewater of thesewerage The development Cislita-Prut, Giurgiulesti; VadulCluster 6:thevillages Brinza, Valeni,lui Isac,Colibasi, Mare, Slobozia rovca, Gavanoasa,Nicolaevca, Alexanderfield, Iujnoie,Burlaceni,Greceni; Satuc, Vladimi Pelinei, Ursoaia, Lebedenco, Hutulu, 5; thevillages Cluster Cluster 4:thevillagesBorceag,Frumusica,ChioseliaMare lacu; Trifestii Noi,Lopatica, Tudoresti, Tartaul deSalcie, Taracliade Salcie;Bur Lucesti, Moscovei, Bucuria, 3: thevillages Cluster Tataresti, Huluboia; Tretesti, Cucoara,Chircani;Cotihana; Veche,Larga Rumeantev,Moldovenesc, Noua, Badicul Larga Zirnesti, Cluster 2:thevillages de Sus, Andrusul de Jos,BaurciMoldoveni, Andrusul Cluster 1:Cahultown;thevillagesManta,Pascani,CrihanaVeche, Rosu; Systems inCahulDistrict Development Schemeof Sewerage and Wastewater Treatment remove therisksthatcoulddissolvetheserelations. units inorderto administrative of theseterritorial tercommunity relations of in the development on the situation monitor will District Council Cahul Lebedenco communes. community cooperationof the publicauthoritiesof Pelinei, Gavanoasaand tlements locatedintheclusterDstarted. This wasduemostlytotheinter ------167 ANNEXES 168 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS to settlements withapopulationbelow500– equivalentinhabitants. affordablevehicles willallowestablishing charges forpopulation. This refers the closest area. The equipotent of providers with specialized high-capacity ensuring the transport of liquid waste to the waste treatment plant located in will develop decentralized sewerage systems, storage tanks or septic tanks The smallsettlementsthat are notlocated inthe area of the main collectors sition ofwhichisshownabove. of 6clusters,thecompo construction and forthedesign It provides region. systems basedon development the principle of the river watershedsinthe Given the above, Cahul District Council acceptstheconcept of sewerage to 2,001÷2,872EURforplantswithacapacityof15 45 m3/day cost forwastewatertreatmentis1m3/605 EURascompared ity ofover600m3/day. At plantswithacapacityofover/daytheinvestment showed that the cost - favoursthe capacity relationshipplantswitha capac analysis cost The Ukraine. or countries EU the from imported usually are which Another constraintisthecostofwastewatertreatmenttechnologies, Treatment Wastewater and Systems inCahulDistrict Sewerage of Scheme Development . - - tion of efficiency willalsoestablishthe directionof wastewaterof someset town. in Cahul transport wastewaterfortreatmenttotheplant The calcula study,of thefeasibility In caseofapositiveopinion theclusterno.6can ity willallowtreatingthetransportedwastewater. of and wastewatertreatment. sewerage of theseplantscapac The calculation problems the solve jointly to agreed which agglomeration the of place in themostfavourable be constructed will The wastewatertreatmentplants will meetthefollowing: needs investment the cover to funds of identification of methodology The steps: the following include The determinationoftheinvestmentneedsshall subordinated watersupplyandsewerageservices. the coordinates which council to thelawbylocal according approved and studies, developed torial administrativeunitisbasedthroughfeasibility infrastructure oftheterri and public for thetechnical The investmentneeds Overview Assessment ofInvestmentNeeds tlements oftheclusterno.2. • • • • • • • • • − ment beingfinancedfromthe followingsources: invest uncovered the of value the represent will deficit financial the the incomefromincreasedcharges; ing the return on the invested capital, etc.) will be calculated based on of theprivatesectorconsider the costsofrepayment,participation account into taking contracted be may that loans charges, increased from investments for sources (direct funds own of level maximum the rate, sothatthebillwillnotleadtoitovercome; the chargesfor service maybeincreasedinlinewiththeaffordability the developmentandapprovaloffeasibilitystudies. for theprojects; required resources financial and material human, of identification the theprioritizationofinvestmentobjectives; munity; com local each in objectives investment required of identification the development ofwatersupplyandsewerageservices; the developmentandapprovalof some ownlocalstrategies on the sewerage services andoftheobjectiveneedslocalcommunities; and supply water of situation existing the of analysis the − community funds; ------169 ANNEXES 170 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS The calculationsaremade Protocol. Environment of theWaterfor theimplementation the MinistryofHealth and Health and of Ministry the of no.91/704 order joint by approved control the termsof and the targetindicators with accordance in developed was plan systems development of thewatersupplyandsewerage The provision systems. sewerage and supply water existing of situation the of analysis The investmentneediscalculatedbasedonthe opportunity studiesandthe WastewaterCollection andTreatment for2012-2025 Supply, Water for Needs investment of Assessment − − − − − − loans. state budgetsources; local budgetsources; at costlevelinthesecondquarterof2012. Construction ofSewerage Systems Water Supply Cost EstimatesofInvestmentNeedsfor2017–2025 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 6 5 4 3 2

Gavanoasa Cluster DCahul- Total EUR Total – Giurgiulesti Cluster E Cahul Chircani Cluster FCahul– Chioselia Mare – Frumusica Cluster Borceag Iasnaia Poliana Cluster CCahul– Huliboaia Cahul –Burlacu Cluster A+B Total EUR Total MDL giulesti Cluster E Cahul–Giur cani Cluster FCahul–Chir sica –ChioseliaMare Cluster Borceag–Frumu Poliana Cluster CCahul–Iasnaia lacu –Huliboaia Cluster A+B Cahul–Bur vanoasa Cluster DCahul-Ga Cluster Cluster - MDL MDL MDL MDL MDL MDL MDL UM th. th. th. th. th. th. th. -

- - - 17,699.88 274,348.2 MDL MDL MDL MDL MDL MDL 31,793.4 17,055.8 UM Th. Th. Th. Th. Th. Th. 14,349 77,551 74,440 59,159

Water 274,348.20 Total Cost 17,699.88 31,793.40 17,055.80 14,349.00 77,551.00 74,440.00 59,159.00 262,587.2 16,941.11 Channel 15,169.2 43,341 10,242 56,776 88,009 49,050 90,199.60 31,020.40 29,776.00 23,663.60 5,819.33 5,739.60 2012 – 2017 0.00 0.00 6,246.32 96,818 32,797 38,761 22,293 Treat 2,967 ment 0 0 - 184,148.60 31,793.40 17,055.80 46,530.60 44,664.00 35,495.40 11,880.55 8,609.40 40,887.32 2018 – 633,753 107,931 134,327 201,210 130,502 32,225 27,558 2025 Total 171 ANNEXES 172 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS priorities wereidentifiedas follows: tory event, according to the criterion of importance orweighting,onlythree the 5-6 most important priorities for Cahul district. During the next participa in defining priorities local the proposed participants the table round second the During process. participatory the in defined were priorities regional The The nationalprioritiesrelateare: lected combinationofthese2categoriespriorities. se with priorities local and national both reflects system prioritization The first interventions(actions)tobeimplemented. what will be the to understand of theWSSservicesregionalization proposal to the urgency of problems and the combination of these needswiththe The purposeofinvestmentprioritizationinCahuldistrictsettlementsrelates Priorities Long-Term Objective facilities. treatment and collection the wastewater impact byimproving environmental negative the reduce will and sources water drinking the protect will district in thedistrict. businesses and people for all services sewerage and The Cahul Sewerage SectorinCahulDistrict 3.3. Objectives and Priorities for the Development of the Water and water supply, anywhereinthedistrictforcitizensandbusinesses. high-quality and safe of system accessible an ensure will district Cahul Improved accessofchildrenfromschoolsandkindergartens towa Halt ofthedeteriorationexistinginfrastructure tems sys- sewerage with improved assurance of people Increase inthelevel Assurance ofwatersupply24hoursperday Increase inthelevelofpublicwatersupplyandsewerage Reduction ofmorbiditycausedbywaterquality district vision district is to provide accessibilityto affordable water supply - - The tables in Annex 1 present the local priorities with information on the on information with priorities local the present 1 Annex in tables The 4. 3. 2. 1. The followingmedium-termobjectiveswereselected: 4. 3. 2. 1. The medium-termobjectivesweredividedintofourgroups: Medium Term Objectives criteria foreachpriorityandindicators. Improvement oftheaccesstowaterandsewerageforpublicauthorities erage services sew- and water quality from benefiting people of number the in Increase Improvement ofeconomicdevelopment from surfacewater sourcesthroughanetwork ofundergroundpipes; services water (clean) quality and safe of coverage the in increase 4.2. financial the including package forsixgroupsinthe inter-communitycooperation; projects, investment capital of preparation 4.1. isting infrastructure. ex of improvement the for projects of preparation and identification 3.1. 2.1. raisingawarenessofresponsibleuseWSSservice. 2.1. assuranceofthetransparencyWSSservices; improve existingservicedelivery. 1.4. capacity strengthening of providers of water / wastewater services to wastewater servicesbyprovidersinthesettlements; / supply water in projects implementing of potential the in increase 1.3. in WSSservices; between settlementsandintercommunitycooperation 1.2 collaboration 1.1. preparationofsettlementsforabetterWSSservicesmanagement; objectives relativetoanew regionalizedinfrastructure: objectives relativetotheimprovementofexistinginfrastructure: objectives relativetoinformationandawareness: objectives relativetotheWSSservicesmanagement: objectives relativetoanewregionalizedinfrastructure. objectives relativetotheimprovementofexistinginfrastructure objectives relativetoinformationandawareness objectives relativetotheWSSservicesmanagement - 173 ANNEXES 174 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS Medium- and long-term target indicators for Cahul district clusters Rural population ply systems: improved drinkingwatersup Rate ofpopulationaccessto Cluster FCahul–Chircani Rural population improved sanitationsystems Rate ofpopulationaccessto Rural population ply systems: improved drinkingwatersup Rate ofpopulationaccessto Rural population improved sanitationsystems Rate ofpopulationaccessto Rural population ply systems: improved drinkingwatersup Rate ofpopulationaccessto Rural population improved sanitationsystems Rate ofpopulationaccessto Rural population supply systems: to improveddrinkingwater Rate ofpopulationaccess Cluster CCahul–Iasnaia age forwastewater. pack financial including projects, investment capital of preparation 4.3. Cluster A+B Cahul– Burlacu –Huliboaia Cluster DCahul- Gavanoasa Poliana - - - No.* UM UM Nr* No.* Nr * UM UM % % % % % % % 2319/1063 5109/930 situation 3889/677 situation 3587/682 situation situation Current Current Current Current 18.2 17.4 45.8 19.1 0 0 0 2015 2015 15.0 20.0 2015 2015 3.0 3.0 30.0 3.0 47 2017 2017 10.0 48.0 10.0 40.0 2017 2017 10.0 48.0 49 2025 2025 > 35 > 65 > 35 > 65 2025 2025 > 65 > 35 > 65 - a publicutilities. the political will for an efficient and sustainableintercommunity operationof to have governments of local the capabilities consider in thestrategywill Council District water,Cahul quality and centralized with supply guarantee Given thesmalldifference betweenthese3clusters on people’s access to indicator ofaccessmakesup 19.1%. which Poleana, Iasnaia - Cahul cluster the is priority 3rd The 17.4%. of ply vanoasa, which has an index of population access to centralized water sup outlined were in termsofwaterresources. above - Ga The 2ndpriorityisclusterDCahul that flows little the and sources deep from water of quality %. 10.7 poor is prioritization investment influencing factor negative Another cluster A+B Cahul - Burlacu - Huluboaia, which service coverage makes up services showsthe discrepancy betweenthe demand for funds betweenthe The analysisof the forecast fundraising to boost watersupplyandsewerage households connectedtothecentralizedwatersupplysystem of in eachclusterandthenumber between thetotalnumberofhouseholds N* istherelation Rural population improved sanitationsystems Rate ofpopulationaccessto Rural population improved sanitationsystems Rate ofpopulationaccessto Rural population ply systems: improved drinkingwatersup Rate ofpopulationaccessto Rural population improved sanitationsystems Rate ofpopulationaccessto Rural population ply systems: improved drinkingwatersup Rate ofpopulationaccessto Frumusica –ChioseliaMare Cluster CCahul–Iasnaia Cluster Borceag– Cluster ECahul– Giurgiulesti Poliana - - % % No.* UM No.* UM UM % % % 0 34.6 10911/3777 situation Current situation situation 937/425 Current Current 45.3 0 0 3.0 37 2015 3.0 2015 2015 3.0 50 10.0 48.0 2017 10.0 2017 2017 10.0 55 2025 > 35 > 35 > 65 2025 2025 > 35 > 65 - - 175 ANNEXES 176 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS measures when necessary to anticipate problems and reduce the risk of risk the reduce and problems anticipate to necessary when recovery measures take and pursue will bodies its by which Council, District Cahul persons. by the responsible mentation by be ensured shall The monitoring times oftheimple at certain the discussion through be achieved This will sewerage services. of thewatersupplyand of theSEDS,component the wholeimplementation monitor to proposed realization. are their Actions of quality the for requisite The proper monitoringof the of implementation proposedplansis a pre 3.5. MonitoringandEvaluation investment projectsforthearepresented intheannex. The Table withsummarizedsoft actions, rapidinterventionsandtechnical Action Planwasdividedintothreegroups: ments andtheSOFT measures that contribute to the agreedpriorities. The invest priority the detail in covers Plan The objective. Action medium-term each of achievement the for required activities of list a is Plan Action The 3.4. Action Planto Achieve Objectives inhabitants. equivalent of 10,000 than less not agglomeration an for watershed the of the systeminarea for servicesinruralareasandidentifyhowtodevelop the demand to determine the feasibilitystudyinorder within further studied The component “sewerage and wastewater treatment” of the service will be − − − − − − treatment forprioritygroups. investment projects for water supply and wastewater collection and infra structure. existing of modernization the to related interventions rapid • • • reaching thefollowinggroupsofobjectives to contribute which measures), (non-investment actions soft The relative toinformationandawareness relative totheWSSservicesmanagement; 9 9 tives: jects, thus contributing to reaching the following groups of objec of investmentpro to thepreparation related Soft actionsarealso 9 9 relative tothenewlyregionalizedinfrastructure. relative totheimprovementofexistinginfrastructure, ------sessing thedynamicsofchangesinwaterqualityCahuldistrict. as in relevant highly be will data resources. These financial the end this to nual plan related to the monitoring of water quality at the source, identifying an an Council District Cahul with jointly develop will Center Health Public Cahul area, this in progress the and quality water of monitoring the During of thewatersupplyandsewerageservices. incurring additional costs. It aims improving the efficiency and effectiveness 4. 3. 2. 1. the SocialandEconomicDevelopmentStrategyofdistrict: to monitortheWSS The followingprocedurewillbeappliedcomponentof transparency oftheprocess. consider thecriteriaof effectiveness, involvementofactors, responsible the to achieve, what was achieved andhowit occurred. The evaluation will established was what plans: original the with project the of impact comparing real the in consists assessment The progress. the track to necessary The monitoringwillinvolveregularcollectionandanalysisof information decide ontheupdateof the SocialandEconomicDevelopment Strategy. Cahul DistrictCouncilwillheartheannualmonitoringreport and will ways toupdatetheSEDS,WSScomponent. suggest will Group Working Local the report monitoring the on Based nex ofthestrategicdocument. inthean The formtobeusedbytheDepartmentofEconomyis given described. be will correction and adjustment of proposals the and Plan Action the from Deviations results. achieved the expenses, the ment, achieve of terms the achieved, was action the which to extent the cate of each activity implementation coveredby the Action Plan. The Monitoring Reportwillindi the on findings the include shall report The report. a monitoring prepare of Economywill in June,theDepartment Annually egy willmeetmonthly. monthly. The established working group for the development of the strat Economy ofCahulDistrictCouncil,whichwillcollectdataonprogress of theSEDSwillbeDepartment for themonitoring Responsible ------177 ANNEXES 178 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS Table 1- Annex 1.NationalandLocalPriorities Indicators Proposal ofcriteria Indicators criteria Proposal of Indicators criteria Proposal of Priority Priority Priority National priorities, criteria andindicators 10 *100/400) covering 100households. The settlementreceives7.5points(10- Example: thesettlementof400householdshasapipelinenetwork the totalnumberofhouseholdsinsettlement. as thenumberofhouseholdsconnectedtowatersupplydivided pipeline. The areofcoveragewatersupply pipeline iscalculated receive 1pointlessforevery10%ofthecoveragewithwatersupply Existing watersupplynetworkinthesettlement,settlementwill Lack ofwatersupplypipelinenetworkinthesettlement:10points ter supplythoughpipelines Priority isgiventosettlementswithlowershareofpopulationwa more indicators). Maximum numberofpoints:10(whenthewellsdonotmeet3and have 5.4points(25%/10%20%50%30%) 2 indicatorsandtherestdonotmeet1indicator. The settlementwill indicators inparticulartheGOST “drinkingwater”,25%donotmeet Example: thereare30wellsinthesettlement,25%ofthemmeet3 ter”: 1pointforevery10%ofwells/springs does notmeetthe3indicatorsinparticularGOST “drinkingwa ment thewaterqualityofwhich: The numberofwells(includingartesian)andspringsinthesettle ing water”. wells whichwaterqualitydoesnotmeettheGOST standard“drink Priority isgiventothesettlementswithlargestshareofartesian do notmeet2indicators: do notmeet1indicator: lessthan5days:0points The numberofdaysperyearwhenwatersupplyisinterrupted: delivered withoutinterruption. Priority isgiventothesettlementswheredrinkingwater Increasing publicaccesstowaterthroughpipelines Reduction ofmorbiditycausedbywaterquality Non-stop deliveryofwaterservicestopopulation(24 40 andmore: 30-39 days: 20-29 days: 10-19 days: 5-9 days: 1 pointforevery30% 1 pointforevery20% 10 points 8 points 6 points 4 points 2 points hours) - - - - Proposal ofcriteria Indicators criteria Proposal of Indicators Proposal ofcriteria Indicators Priority Priority Priority supply andsanitation installations To improveinschoolsandkindergartensforpupilsthewater with waterandhassanitationinstallations: 0points Ifthesettlementhasnoschoolor ifthesettlementissupplied sanitation installations):5points have sanitationinstallations(isnot suppliedwithwaterandhas If thesettlementschoolisnotsupplied withwateranddoesnot have sanitationinstallations:10points If thesettlementschoolisnotsuppliedwithwateranddoes School inthesettlement: length ofthesettlementnetwork sum ofthelengthnetworkbuiltbefore1995andtotal The shareofpipelinesbuiltbefore1995iscalculatedasthe Lackofinfrastructure:0points 1pointforevery10%ofpipelineconstructedbefore1995. The existinginfrastructureofwatersupplyandsewerage: ture ofwatersupplyandsewerageisdepreciated Priority isgiventothesettlementwhereexistinginfrastruc lation morethan2000:8points If thereisnoaseweragesysteminthesettlementwithpopu less than2000people:8points There isnoseweragesysteminthesettlementinhabitedby 2000 people:6points 75% ofhouseholdsinthesettlementsinhabitedbymorethan There isaseweragesystemandtheareaof 2000 people:4points 75% ofhouseholdsinthesettlementsinhabitedbylessthan There isaseweragesystemandtheareaof 75% ofhouseholds:2points There isaseweragesystemandtheareaof 90% ofhouseholds:0points There isaseweragesystemandtheareaof ment: The currentseweragesystemanditscoverageinthesettle sewerage system Priority isgiventosettlements withalesscoverageofthe Increasing populationcoveragewithimprovedsanitation Increasing accessofschoolsandkindergartenstoim Halting thedeteriorationofexistinginfrastructure proved watersupplyandsanitationservices services coverage is< coverage is< coverage is> coverage is> - - - - 179 ANNEXES 180 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS Table 01. Indicators Indicators criteria Proposal of Priority Cahul district local priorities, local criteria Cahul andindicators district - - - - per 100people: points forthenumberofindicatorseconomicdevelopment the numberofinhabitants,multipliedby100. The formulaof development potential(asdefinedbelow)andthendividedby The pointsaresummarizedforeachindicatorofeconomic - - - - sanitation infrastructure: Low interestoftouristsforsettlementswithoutwatersupplyand nomic development. The economicpotentialisdefinedas: This prioritytargetsthesettlementswithahighpotentialofeco ------• • Industrial enterprises: • • Food processingenterprises: • • Restaurants, cafes: • • • tourist attractionslocatedinthesettlement: infrastructure; industrial enterpriseswithoutwatersupplyandsanitation sanitation infrastructure; regular foodprocessingenterpriseswithoutwatersupplyand structure; restaurants, cafeswithoutwatersupplyandsanitationinfra museums etc.; river, lake,woodswithfootwaysfortourists,monuments, without sanitation:2points; For eachattractionwithwatersupply infrastructureand infrastructure: 3points; For eachattractionwithoutwater supplyandsanitation without sanitation:2points; For eachattractionwithwatersupply infrastructureand infrastructure: 3points; For eachattractionwithoutwatersupplyandsanitation without sanitation:2points; For eachattractionwithwatersupplyinfrastructureand infrastructure: 3points; For eachattractionwithoutwatersupplyandsanitation without andsanitation:1points; structure coveringmorethan50%ofthepopulationand For attractionsinthesettlementwithwatersupplyinfra without sanitation:2points; structure coveringlessthan50%ofthepopulationand For attractionsinthesettlementwithwatersupplyinfra sanitation infrastructure:3points; For attractionsinthesettlementwithoutwatersupplyand Support forEconomicDevelopment - - - - Annex 2. Action Plan 1. Indicators teria Proposal ofcri Priority 5. 4. 3. 2. Indicators teria Proposal ofcri # I Priority with goodWSSexperience Study visitsinthesettlements district WSSstrategy WSS strategyinlinewiththe Development ofthelocal on theWSSsector Organization ofroundtables environment /water people healthdependingon Evaluation andmonitoringof and sewerage Updating statisticsonwater - - Actions relativetotheWSSservicesmanagement Activity 1 pointifwithwatersupplyinfrastructureandwithoutsanitation 2 pointsforthelackofwatersupplyandsanitationinfrastructure Social assistancecentres(rehabilitationcentres): 1 pointwithwatersupplyinfrastructureandwithoutsanitation; 2 pointsforthelackofwatersupplyandsanitationinfrastructure Health facilities(healthcentresandfamilyphysicians’ centres: inhabitants: formula ofpointsforthenumberpublicinstitutionsper100 divided bythenumberofinhabitants,multiplied100. The The pointsaresummarizedforeachpublicinstitutionandthen lic institutionswithoutwatersupplyandsanitationinfrastructure This prioritytargetsthesettlementswithalargenumberofpub For each100ofinhabitants:1point This prioritytargetshighlypopulatedsettlements water andsewerageservices Increase inthenumberofpeoplebenefitingfromquality Improvement oftheaccesstowatersupplyandsanitation Soft Actions for publicinstitutions twice ayear 2012-2013 2012/2013 Deadline annually annually LPA oftheIstand Service providers the IIndlevelsin Responsibility Agency ofEcol Centre (PHC), Local councils Cahul District Cahul District Public Health the district ogy (AE) Council Council NGOs - Objec tive 1.2, 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 - - 181 ANNEXES 182 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. III II # viders representingtheLPA the WSsectorofservicepro Trainingfrom for professionals cooperation Promotion ofintercommunity providers Establishment ofregional monitoring) proposed clusters(forservice nity associationsbasedonthe Establishment ofintercommu (charges, assets,institutional) prove thelegalframework Initiation ofproposalstoim tions (citizens,budget) collection oflocalcontribu Development ofatoolforthe clusters studies fortwomostpriority Preparation offeasibility Seminars onWSS rational useofwater in educationalactivitiesfor Active involvementofchildren projects) (NGOs involvedintraining Local awarenesscampaigns panels onwaterquality Notices, signs,information Meetings withcitizens among volunteers es) andmoderatorstraining awareness (wateruse,charg TV ofinformationforraising Publication inlocalmedia, laboratory investigations Identification ofresourcesfor as well Actions relativetothepreparation ofinvestmentprojectsfor Raising awarenessandinformationdissemination Activity - - - - - each semes each semes permanently permanently permanently permanently permanently clusters part of2012 the second 2012-2014 2012-2013 Deadline annually annually 2013 2012 ter ter - - Public institutions Service providers Service providers Apa-Canal Cahul Educational insti Responsibility LPA II,donors Cahul District Civil society APL, LPA II APL, LPA II APL, LPA II ApaCanal LPAs I,II Council tutions NGOs NGOs NGOs PHC PHC APL LPA LPA LPA LPA LPA AE - Objec tive 1.3 1.3 4.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 - Description ofNon-Investment Activities 21. 20. 34. 33. 32. 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 1. IV # # water andsewerage Update ofstatisticson Preparation ofatechnical clusters project fortwomostpriority Preparation ofatechnical clusters ages fortwomostpriority Preparation offinancialpack tions mentation forrapidinterven Preparation ofprojectdocu tions Prioritization ofrapidinterven rapid interventions Identification oftheneedsfor cluster project fortheleastpriority Preparation ofatechnical stage is notapriorityoneatinitial package fortheclusterthat Preparation ofafinancial ies fortheleastprioritycluster Preparation offeasibilitystud project forothertwoclusters Preparation ofatechnical ages fortwootherclusters Preparation offinancialpack project forothertwoclusters Action Activity Actions relativetorapidinterventions INVESTMENT PROJECTS important fordecisionmakers. length) isnotavailable,whilethese dataarenotvery artesian wells),infrastructuredevelopment (network For example,informationaboutwater resources(wells, but itisveryimportanttomadereasonable decisions. The WSSsectorstatisticalinformation isnotupdated, ------IIIrd trimester part of2013 the firstpart Ist trimester Ist trimester the second 2013/2014 Deadline annually annually annually of 2013 2015 2014 2013 2013 2013 Purpose LPA IIincoopera LPA Iincoopera Responsibility tion withLPA II ApaCanal and ApaCanal and tion withLPA I LPA II,donors LPA II,donors LPA II,donors LPA II,donors LPA II,donors LPA II,donors LPA II,donors LPA II,donors LPA II - - Objec tive 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 - 183 ANNEXES 184 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS 10 11 2. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 # as well representing theLPA of serviceproviders als fromtheWSsector Training forprofession munity cooperation Promotion ofintercom gional providers Establishment ofre monitoring) clusters (forservice based ontheproposed community associations Establishment ofinter assets, institutional) framework (charges, to improvethelegal Initiation ofproposals zens, budget) local contributions(citi for thecollectionof Development ofatool WSS experience tlements withgood Study visitsintheset strategy line withdistrictWSS WSS strategiesin Update ofthelocal sector tables ontheWSS Organization ofround ment /water depending onenviron ing ofpeoplehealth Evaluation andmonitor Action ------the WSSservices. to theextentoftheir involvementintheorganization of LPA Irepresentatives willalsobeinvolvedintraining tion, itisnecessarytoassessthe trainingneeds. The organize professionaltrainings.Before theirorganiza purpose ofthisactionistoprepare acurriculumandto pal enterprises)needcapacitybuilding activities. The The WSSserviceproviders(Apa Canal Cahul,munici purpose ofthisactionistoinvolve theLPA I. intercommunity cooperationbetweensettlements. The cluster intheWSSsector, itisneededtopromotethe Even iftheSEDSisbasedonuseofconcept services. which shallberesponsiblefortheprovisionofWSS vider ortoupgradetheexistingone(ApaCanalCahul), The purposeofthisactionistoestablishanewpro tion isthebestwaytodoso. to haveatoolforservicemonitoringandtheassocia munity cooperation,itisnecessaryforthesettlements Despite theinstitutionalarrangementsofintercom the amendmentoflegislation. submit proposalstotherespectiveministriesinitiate lation orneedsimprovingtheexistingprovisionsandto At thispoint,MoldovalacksthenecessaryWSSlegis a moresystematicwaytocollectlocalcontributions. Thus, itisnecessarytodevelopatool(procedures)for current experienceistocollectthead-hoccontribution. investment projects in the WSS. On the other hand, the The localcontributionisanimportantsourceoffunding practice theknowledgetheylearned. settlements, toknowtheirexperienceandapplyin LPA Irepresentativeshavetheopportunitytovisit other ing theWSSsector. The aimofthisactionisthatthe dova andabroadthathavegoodexperienceinupgrad are alwaysimportant. There aresettlementsinMol The practicalknowledgeandlearningbyobservation spond tothedistrictvision. ing thechaptersofstrategy, whichmustcorre purpose ofthisactionistoassisttheLPA Iindevelop in linewiththatoneoftherationalstrategy. Thus, the SEDS andespeciallytheWSSchapter, whichmustbe It isimportantforthesettlementstodeveloptheirown representatives ofthecivilsociety. offices,WSSprofessionalsand administration, mayor’s tor. The roundtablesmustbeattendedbythedistrict information andplanningsupportedintheWSSsec The roundtablescancontributetotheexchangeof ing ofthestrategyimplementation. of theimportanceWSSstrategyandmonitor Health monitoringisimportanttomakepeopleaware Poor qualityofwatercausesmultiplehealthproblems. Purpose ------12 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 # investigations sources forlaboratory Identification ofre priority clusters ity studiesfortwomost Preparation offeasibil Seminars onWSS emphasis onwateruse people inactivitieswith children andyoung Active involvementof in trainingprojects) paigns (NGOsinvolved Local awarenesscam quality tion panelsonwater Notices, signs,informa Meetings withcitizens among volunteers and moderatorstraining (water use,charges) for raisingawareness dia, TV ofinformation Publication inlocalme Action - - - - - potential donors. solutions. They arealsoimportanttocommunicatewith important forchoosingthetechnical andorganizational ies for2regionalprojects. The feasibilitystudiesare The purposeofthisactionistopreparefeasibilitystud stand thenewWSSproblemsorissues. the employeesofpublicinstitutionstobetterunder The purposeoftheactionistoorganizeseminarsfor to engagestudentsinlearningaboutwateruse. ed inraisingchildrenandtheobjectiveofthisprojectis munication forsmallsettlements.Parentsareinterest The educationinstitutionsareamajorchannelofcom and usetheirtrainingservices. cooperate withinterestedNGOsandtounifyresources interested inconductingcampaigns. The purposeisto tal issuesthroughthehealthones. These NGOs are WSS, ifnotdirectly, thenbyreferencetoenvironmen Some NGOshavethestatutorypurposerelatedto placement ofinformationpanels. water qualitybynotification,provisionofsignsand the purposeofthisactionistoinformsocietyabout Water qualityisaseriousproblemforMoldova. Thus, issues andtohelpraiseawareness. hold aseriesofmeetingswithcitizens,toexplainthe The moderatorstrainedunderthepreviousactionwill citizens willbetrained. Within thisaction,themoderators,whowillmeetwith investments andsimilarproblems. ‘Polluter pays’ principle),needforpubliccontributionin use, calculatingofcharges(fullrecoverycosts,the This actionaimstoraisepeopleawarenessonwater TV,including about: This actionaimstopublisharticlesinlocalmedia, ratory tests. identify resourcesandtoincreasethenumberoflabo examine theconditionofwater. This actionaimsto the PHCandserviceproviderslackfundstofrequently drinking waterqualityforpublichealth. At thistime, The laboratorytestsareimportanttounderstandthe • • • • • other WSSissues. intercommunity WSScooperation; charge; environmental issuesrelativetowastewaterdis ter; health problemscausedbypolluteddrinkingwa the generalsituationinWSSsector; Purpose ------185 ANNEXES 186 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS of prioritiesandthenormalization ofshares): of thenumber district (afterthereduction for Cahul shares weredetermined following The used. was classification of list the in specified indicators and In order to identify thepriorities, multi-criteria analysis relativeto criteria District Annex 3.PrioritizationofInvestmentsNeeds inCahul 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 # interventions documentation forrapid Preparation ofproject interventions Prioritization ofrapid ventions needs forrapidinter Identification ofthe priority cluster cal projectfortheleast Preparation ofatechni least prioritycluster cial packageforthe Preparation ofafinan priority cluster ity studiesfortheleast Preparation offeasibil clusters cal projectforothertwo Preparation ofatechni clusters packages fortwoother Preparation offinancial clusters cal projectforothertwo Preparation ofatechni priority clusters cal projectfortwomost Preparation ofatechni priority clusters packages fortwomost Preparation offinancial Action ------this iswhytherenoneedforafeasibilitystudy). tation willberequired(rapidinterventionsaresmaller, preparation. Itisimpossibletodecidewhatdocumen The rapidinvestmentslikeinvestmentprojectsrequire prioritize themtodecidewhoisfirstbeimplemented. When rapidinterventionsareidentified,itisneededto identified atthisstage. water treatmentplants,etc.). These projectsarenot especially relatedtotheexistinginfrastructure(waste Smaller investmentprojectsshallbeimplemented, See theactionno.21 See theactionno.20 See theactionno.19 See theactionno.21 See theactionno.20 See theactionno.19 tender andthereforetheconstructionworks. The technicalprojectisnecessarytoproceedwiththe action shouldincludeananalysisofcreditworthiness. projects. Ifitisdecidedtofinancethoughcredit,this to setupmeetings,attractfinancingininvestment need tocontactdonorsandotherfinancialinstitutions, financially supporttheinvestmentproject. Thus,we The financialpackageisafinaldecisionaboutwhowill Purpose - - Table 01. Table 02. 3 2 1 lic institutions water andsewerageforpub Improvement oftheaccessto vices ity waterandsewerageser people benefitingfromqual Increase inthenumberof development Improvement ofeconomic to water in schoolsandkindergartens Improved accessforchildren the existingInfrastructure Halting thedeteriorationof sewerage systems ple assurancewithimproved Increase inthelevelofpeo per day Ensuring watersupply24h sewerage ple supplywithwaterand Increase inthelevelofpeo caused bywaterquality Reduction ofmorbidity No. for publicinstitutions Improvement oftheaccesstowaterandsanitationforsewerage sewerage services Increase inthenumberofpeoplebenefitingfromqualitywaterand Improvement ofeconomicdevelopment Share criteria for oflocal Cahul district System ofshares ofprioritiesfor Cahul district Criteria - - - - - Local Priorities 6 3 5 5 10 8 0 8.45 5.03

Points 0.27 0.32 0.41 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.25

Share 0.33 0.67 criterion criterion national and the district Share of the 1.53 4.00 national x share criteria for the Points local and Share 0.27 0.32 0.41 5.53 Total 187 ANNEXES 188 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS Table 03. table showsthetotalnumberofpointsandshareeachsettlement, sary information,it0 was assigned pointsfor the givenpriority. The following October 2011 andNovember. If theneces the settlementdidnotprovide in then and 2011 August in questionnaire a through collected were ments each for allocated been settlement ofCahuldistrict. thesettle to evaluate The informationneeded have points priority local) or (national each For District Results ofPrioritizationInvestmentNeedsinCahul No. 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 10 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Provision results ofpriority inCahul district ALEXANDRU IOANCUZA TARACLIA DESALCIE BAURCI MOLDOVENI TARTAUL DESALCIE ALEXANDERFELD MANTA+PASCANI CRIHANA VECHE VADUL LUIISAC VLADIMIROVCA Andrusul deJos LEBEDENCO GAVANOASA BURLACENI MOSCOVEI TATARASTI Settlement BORCEAG BURLACU URSOAIA BUCURIA LUCESTI HUTULU PELINEI Lopatica BRINZA DOINA ROSU Options relativeto cluster 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 6 1 6 5 1 1 6 6 4 6 Cluster evaluation Options relativeto clusters 2and3 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 2 2 6 2 6 5 2 2 6 6 4 6 - - Table 04. No. No. 30 29 28 27 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 6 5 4 3 2 1 Resultsobtainedfor eachcluster ofCahul district BADICUL MOLDOVENESC cluster 1(cluster2+cluster3) ANDRUSUL DESUS IASNAIA POLEANA CHIOSELIA MARE SLOBOZIA MARE LARGA VECHE GIURGIULESTI LARGA NOUA NICOLAEVCA RUMEANTEV FRUMUSICA HULUBOAIA OR.CAHUL Settlement CUCOARA Cislita Prut CHIRCANI TRETESTI COLIBASI GRECENI ZIRNESTI IUJNOE VALENI SATUC PAICU cluster 6 cluster 5 cluster 4 cluster 3 cluster 2 Cluster Options relativeto cluster 1 No. ofpoints 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 6 4 5 1 6 5 6 5 1 6 1 4 1 62.81 16.89 40.93 50.21 Cluster evaluation 9.01 9.28 Options relativeto clusters 2and3 No. ofpointsper 1000 inhabitants 0.661 2.808 1.981 1.651 1.704 2.511 5 3 2 3 3 3 2 5 2 2 2 6 4 5 3 6 5 6 5 2 6 2 4 2 189 ANNEXES 190 A MANUAL FOR FACILITATORS Annex 6.MonitoringForm Table 05. WSS sector tables onthe tion ofround 3. Organiza / water environment pending on health de of people monitoring ation and 2. Evalu sewerage water and statistics on 1. Updating No. Action (ac cording to the action 5 4 3 2 1 plan) Hierarchical listofclusters for Cahul district - - cluster 1(cluster2+cluster3) - - Ac tiv ity 2. 1. 3. 2. 1. 3. 2. 1. - - cluster 5 cluster 2 cluster 3 cluster 6 cluster 4 Cluster activity scrip of the Brief tion de - - results of the activ Main ity - Data of activi No. ofpointsper1000inhabitants ties - tions: of ac costs Total tions: of ac costs Total activi Cost ties of - - 1.704 1.981 2.808 0.661 1.651 2.511 - Devia of ac tions from plan tion the - - ments action of the sible Pos just ad - - - 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2. 1. Action (ac cording to the action # plan) tors trainingamong volunteers (water use,charges) andmodera information forraisingawareness Publication inlocalmedia, TV of tory investigations Identification ofresourcesforlabora resenting theLPA aswell WS sectorofserviceprovidersrep Training forprofessionalsfrom the eration Promotion ofintercommunitycoop Establishment ofregionalproviders clusters (forservicemonitoring) associations basedontheproposed Establishment ofintercommunity institutional) legal framework(charges,assets, Initiation ofproposalstoimprovethe budget) tion oflocalcontributions(citizens, Development ofatoolforthecollec good WSSexperience Study visitsinthesettlementswith strategy strategy inlinewiththedistrictWSS Development ofthelocalWSS WSS sector Organization ofroundtablesonthe water health dependingonenvironment/ Evaluation andmonitoringofpeople sewerage Update ofstatisticsonwaterand - Ac tiv ity - - Action activity scrip of the Brief tion de - - results of the activ Main ity ------Data of activi Number ofpublications List ofnewlaboratoryequipment were identified. Resources tosupportlaboratory tests Number ofparticipantsintrainings Number oftrainings the intercommunitycooperation List ofactivitiesorganisedtopromote lished Number ofregionalprovidersestab Number ofassociationsestablished branch ministries optimize thelegislationandsentto Number ofproposalsdesignedto local contributionswasdeveloped? The tool,theprocedureforcollecting Number ofparticipantsinstudyvisits Number ofstudyvisits with thedistrictone. approved, withWSSchapterinline Number oflocalstrategiesprepared, Number ofroundtablesorganised ronment. population dependingonwater, envi Report preparedonthehealthof tion isavailable for whichupdatedstatisticalinforma prepared %oftheWSinfrastructure Number ofquestionnairesperWSS ties indicator /datatobeprovided - Question –guide/ tions: of ac costs Total activi Cost ties of - - Devia of ac tions from plan tion the - -

ments action of the sible Pos just ad ------191 ANNEXES 192

Question – guide /indicator / data to # Action be provided Number of meetings held 14 Meetings with citizens Number of citizens who participated in

FACILITATORS meetings A MANUAL FOR FOR MANUAL A Notices, signs, information panels Number of notifications and informa- 15 on water quality tion about water condition Local awareness campaigns (NGOs Number of awareness campaigns 16 involved in training projects) Number of NGOs involved Active involvement of children in Number of schools involved 17 activities that insist on water use Number of students involved Lectures on the collective work on Number of lectures organised 18 WSS Number of participants in lectures Preparation of feasibility studies for 19 Number of feasibility studies prepared two most priority clusters Preparation of financial packages for Number of financial packages pre- 20 two most priority clusters pared Preparation of a technical project for 21 Number of technical projects prepared two most priority clusters Preparation of a technical project for 22 See the action no. 19 other two clusters Preparation of financial packages for 23 See the action no. 20 two other clusters Preparation of a technical project for 24 See the action no. 21 other two clusters Preparation of feasibility studies for 25 See the action no. 19 the least priority cluster Preparation of a financial package 26 See the action no. 20 for the least priority cluster Preparation of a technical project for 27 See the action no. 21 the least priority cluster Identification of the needs for rapid Number of small investment projects 28 interventions identified Were the rapid interventions prior- 29 Prioritization of rapid interventions itized? Preparation of project documenta- Was the documentation on rapid inter- 30 tion for rapid interventions ventions developed?