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Alba County, Romania) Issue 2, Volume 6, 2012 172 Industrial Tourism as Activity Support for the Development of Roşia Montană Area (Alba County, Romania) I. Gavrilă-Paven, A.C. Muntean an area with mining activity tradition, the first direction is Abstract—In this study the authors want to analyze the focused on sustaining the Roşia Montană Gold possibility of combining in Roşia Montană’s area the classic forms of Corporation project which focuses on developing a tourism activity with a new form that is being drawn lately, responsible mining activity in this area, without affecting the respectively the industrial tourism. Therefore, this way, the human environment. The second direction refers to rejecting the potential with cultural value as well as the natural potential, development of mining activity in this area with the unaffected by the mining exploitation, can be valorized through the community focusing on the development other activities, one classic forms of tourism, while the old mining exploitation as well as the areas affected by the unsustainable exploitation of the subsoil of them being tourism. riches in the area, instead of being avoided can be rehabilitated and This study aim at pointing out that the two directions opened to the tourists by unifying the efforts of all responsible described above do not exclude each other but they can be economic agents for this area. Also, from the article results that the developed together, the mining activity giving the right value industrial tourism can be successfully combine with the youth to the touristic potential of the area. In sustaining this idea we tourism due to the didactical purpose of this tourism form. will analyze a similar region, respectively the Andalusia region from southern Spain, in which the mining activity was a Keywords—Touristic activity, natural touristic potential, tradition until the end of the 20th century, after which the industrial tourism, unsustainable mining exploitation, sustainable efforts were concentrated on developing the touristic activity economic development, corporate social responsibility. for sustaining the local community. Methodologically, we will expand the analysis upon the NTRODUCTION I. I concepts of cultural identity and community, which although N this study we want to analyze the possibility that at a are immaterial concepts, their manifestation involves a series I certain time, tourism becomes a base activity for a of tangible effects in territorial development. Therefore we community wellknown through its mining exploitations, will try, considering this framework, to see how the touristic such as Roşia Montană (Alba County, Romania). We will activity, respectively the promotion of a new form of tourism – analyze the possibility that such a community with a rich industrial tourism – fits in this community and in its identity. natural and human hand-made potential insufficiently Analyzing the touristic activity in this area, we must valorized to be included in the national touristic circuit of consider the fact that every tourist needs a minimum Romania and to offer its inhabitants viable alternatives. infrastructure for his comfort as well as the natural and human At first sight, associating a mining area with the touristic hand-made touristic potential that gives the impetus for the activity seems to have no economic value, but if we analyze all touristic activity. the aspects of the relation between tourism and local community’s values, we will be able to identify a series of II. PROBLEM opportunities for pointing out both the positive and negative aspects of the studied area, which will be given as example of A. The Presentation of Roşia Montană Commune unsustainable economic activity developed in this area. The commune of Roşia Montană is localized in the Presently, the development of Roşia Montană area has two northeastern part of the Metaliferi Mountains and of the main directions, each of them with its own adepts. Thus, being golden area that lies between Caraci (Hunedoara County) and Baia de Arieş and Zlatna (Alba County), nearby the towns of Manuscript received October 28, 2011: Revised version received Abrud and Câmpeni. November 25, 2011. This work was supported in part by the “1 Decembrie In its structure there are 16 villages and small villages 1918” University of Alba Iulia (sponsor and financial support spread on a surface of 5168 hectars: Corna, Bunta, Dăroaia, acknowledgment goes here). I. Gavrilă-Paven is with the “1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Gura Roşia, Coasta HenŃii, Curături, Cărpini, Soal, Vârtop, 510009 ROMANIA (Phone: +4-0745-927-639; fax: +4-0258-812-630; e- Gârda Bărbuleşti, Iacobeşti, IgnăŃeşti, Bălmoşeşti, łarina, mail: [email protected]). Blideşti şi Roşia Montană – administrative center. Its A. C. Muntean is with the “1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, population is about 5000 inhabitants, their main occupation 510009 ROMANIA (Phone: +4-0745-944-601; fax: +4-0258-812-630; e- (which is related to the main source of population’s incomes) mail: [email protected]). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ENERGY and ENVIRONMENT Issue 2, Volume 6, 2012 173 being at one moment in time the mining activity. In 2006, the mining enterprise from Roşia Montană (RoşiaMin) was shut down and the majority of its employees were unemployed [15]. The root of the mining activity in Roşia Montană is placed dates back from the Iron Age, with a significant intensification during the roman occupation (2nd and 3rd century). The most impressive archeological discoveries were made between 1786 and 1855 when there were found in the golden mine of Roşia Montană the waxed tablets, with highly significant evidence for knowing the daily life and social and juridical organization of the miners in antiquity. The discoveries of roman vestiges continued especially through the works of Alburnus Maior Project, coordinated by the National Museum of Romanian History, financially supported by Roşia Montană Gold Corporation after the year 2000 [4] [9]. After the Roman retreat from Dacia (271-275), the mining activity continued, but starting with the 16th-17th centuries there were realized a series of important innovations at the ore extraction Fig. 1 Map localization of Roşia Montană installations. Until the beginning of the 18th century, the Source: www.googlemaps.com mining activity in Roşia Montană was practiced only by the B. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation Project. Alternatives: private associations, after which the state gets involved and mining or tourism? this involvement intensifies in the 19th century. The parallel In 1996, after the state mine (Roşia Min) was shut down, the extraction of the ore both by the state and private associations restructuring and unemployment of the staff begun. Gabriel continues until 1948 when the subsoil riches now belong to the Resources Company listed at Toronto Stock exchange shows state; the Roşia Montană Mining Entreprise was founded its interest in continuing the mining activity in the area. which, as we shown above, activated until 2006. In 1997, it is funded the Euro Gold Resources Company In 1981, inside the mining exploitation was established The with private and public capital, in which the main stakeholders Mining Museum [20]. Recently, this museum was restored are Gabriel Resources and the state mine Minvest Deva from with the financial resources of the Roşia Montană Gold Romania. In 2000, the company changes its name into Roşia Corporation. Montană Gold Corporation. In 1899, the mining from Roşia Montană was presented at During 1997 – 2002, the company undertakes geological the World Exhibit in Paris, with 12 drawings showing the state explorations for establishing the quantity of existing mineral mine and a beautiful collection of mining golden flowers that deposits and in 1999, Roşia Montană Gold Corporation impressed the visitors. This was, if we can call it so, the first obtains the concession license for exploitation of the gold and major act of touristic promotion of the area. silver mineral deposits, no. 47/1999 in Roşia Montană area. In Regarding the habitation, the ethnologists observed that the 2000, with the funds from Roşia Montană Gold Corporation typological repertoire of the houses includes traditional houses starts the archeological research with the participation of the for the Apuseni Mountains’ area and specific shapes for the teams of experts from the National Museum of Unification fair architecture (mainly in the Roşia Montană village). The from Alba Iulia and of the Projection Center for National buildings from the historical center in Roşia Montană are Cultural Patrimony, for evaluating the archeological and proposed for conservation, being already a touristic attraction. architectural potential of the Roşiei Montană area. Until now, Based on the ethnological investigations made in Roşia the company offered for the researchers approximately 11 Montană, specialists consider that many of the existing million USD. In 2001, the “Alburnus Maior” National buildings are architectonic monuments of special value, being Research Programme, was founded from the Order of the also unique proofs of unmistakable rural life and civilization. Ministry of Culture. The preventive archeological research Thus, among other things, the authors of the ethological study was coordinated mainly by the National Museum of Romanian suggest the following: (1) in situ preservation of the Roşia History (Bucharest) and authorized by the Ministry of Culture Montană’s market and of some of the monuments located on and Cults, bringing together 21 specialty institutions from the Brazilor street and in Berg neighborhood because in this areas country and 3 from abroad. Starting from March 2001 until there is best preserved the specific of a prosper location where present, Roşia Montană Gold Corporation organizes meetings the golden ore exploitation was practiced; (2) the relocation of with regional and local authorities, with the inhabitants, as well valuable monuments from the area affected by the future as with the project’s opponents, for responding to the mining exploitation in another area suitable for relocation; (3) questions related to the relocating and resettlement operations.
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