MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF AFRICA 8th International Leadership Conference THEME: Strengthening Leadership and Integrity Towards Sustainable Development

PROGRAMME AND BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

VENUE: MUA Main Campus – Kisaju, Kajiado County DATES: 10th - 11th September 2020

Since 1954 THE KENYA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword v

Conference programme viv

Conference planning committee (CPC) members viv

Conference planning committee viv

Conference Rapporteurs viv

Conference moderators viv

Conference secretariat viv

Message from the vice – chancellor xv

Message from the chairman, conference planning committee xvi

Theme of the conference 1

Sub-themes 1

Sub-theme 1: Leadership, governance and integrity 1

Sub-theme 3: Universal healthcare and interventions 10

Sub-theme 4: Trade and manufacturing: enablers for sustainable trade and investments 14

Sub-theme 5: Education, research and innovation for sustainable development 19

Sub-theme 6: Politics of food security 25

Sub-theme 7: Gender, legal capacities and jurisprudence 27

Sub-theme 8: Audit and financial capacities and accountability 28

Sub-theme 9: Institutional collaborations and sustainable development 32

Sub-theme 10: Political, socio-economic and environmental sustainability 33

Sub-theme 11: Peace studies and global pedagogy 36

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership iii FOREWORD

Conferences are forums for dissemination of academic research findings and cross-pollination of ideas. In appreciation of this fact, MUA has been organizing international conferences since inception in 2011 to afford scholars and industry players an opportunity to engage intellectually in an effort to solve societal problems. The 8th international conference is no exception and has been organized despite the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure the University pattern of holding biannual conferences is observed. This is because our students, faculty and other researchers have great respect and regard for our conferences.

Universities exist to primarily conduct research, generate new knowledge and solve societal problems. This cannot be over-emphasized. MUA has a fully established research department to ensure that research is at the center of academic life in the University. We also have a peer reviewed International Journal of Management and Leadership Studies (IJMLS) where research findings are disseminated through print and electronic publications. I invite you all to publish in this prestigious journal.

This conference has brought together government policy makers, industry experts and academia. This is a good opportunity to come up with good resolutions which if implemented will lead to good management and leadership practices in the country and the world. I wish you good deliberations in the next two days so that this moment will be memorable in days to come.

Thank you and once again, welcome to the Management University of Africa 8th International conference on Leadership.

Dr. Washington Okeyo, PhD, MBA, BSC,MKIM Vice – Chancellor Management University of Africa 10th September 2020

iv MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

THEME: STRENGTHENING LEADERSHIP AND INTEGRITY TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Date: 10th to 11th September 2020

PURPOSE OF THE CONFERENCE: To create a platform for Leaders, Change agents, Policy makers, Researchers and Scholars to present the best of research output and contemporary developments in both academia and industry with emphasis on leadership and integrity

Master of Ceremony: 1. Ms. Selina Makokha 2. Mr. Daniel Komu 3. Prof. Kazuya Asakawa DAY ONE: Thursday, 10th September 2020 TIME Registration RESPONSIBILIITY 8:00 - 8.30 a.m. Registration Secretariat – Ms. Grace Otieno Ms. Noelyne Sande Mr. Richard Mwaka Prof. Michael Parish

8:30 - 8:45 a.m. Opening Ceremony Ms. Selina Makokha, Prayer/National Anthem/East African Director Administration & Human Resources Development Anthem/ Japanese National Anthem Mr. Daniel Komu, Dean of Students and Ag. Registrar (ARE)

8:45 - 9:00 a.m. Introductions Ms. Selina Makokha Mr. Daniel Komu Prof. Kazuya Asakawa

9.00 - 9:20 a.m.. Welcoming remarks Dr. Thomas Ngui, Director, Research Development & Innovation Dr. John Cheluget, Ag. Deputy Vice-Chancellor (ARE) Prof. Kazuya Asakawa

9:20 - 9:30 a.m. Opening remarks Dr. Washington Okeyo, Vice Chancellor, MUA

9:30 - 10:00 a.m. Keynote Address Dr. Thomas Musili Prof. Richard Miller 10:00 - 10:10 a.m. Breakaway Instructions Prof. Ritchie Zane Mr. Francis Macharia (Chief Rapporteur)

10:10 - 11:20 a.m. HEALTH BREAK 10:20 – 11:10 a.m. PRESENTATION BY KEYNOTE SPEAKERS Dr. John Cheluget (Chair 1. Prof. Michael Hopkins – CEO, CSR Finance Institute (10 minutes each) 2. Dr. Florence Nisabwe - 3. Prof. Ted Sun 4. Mr. Paul Kaliih, HSC 5. Prof. Amit Mittal 11.10 - 12.00 p.m. Q/A SESSIONS Rapporteurs: 1. Prof. Emmanuel Awuor 2. Dr. Domenitter Naomi Kathula

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership v CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

BREAKAWAY SESSIONS

TIME ACTIVITY RESPONSIBILITY PAPER TITLE

12:00 -1:00p.m. Sub-Theme 1: Leadership, Chair/Moderator: 1. Leadership Style and Performance of Governance and Integrity 1. Prof. Emmanuel Awuor Chartered Universities in Kenya

Presenters: (15 Minutes each) 2. The effect of ethical leadership on 1. Robin M. Aondo1, Dr. W. Okeyo2& Dr. organizational strategy development- T. Ngui3 1,2,3MUA case of Islamic Relief Kenya. 2. Sharon Juma Odhiambo

3. Ben Getange1*, Catherine Waweru2& 3. Transformational leadership and Prof. P. Kithae3 1,3MUA, 2KIBT innovation key to State Corporations growth

4. Thiong'o Samwel Mungai1 1MUA 4. Leadership style, government regulations and sustainability of Sacco Societies in Kenya. A case study of Harambee Sacco.

5. Duncan M. Wagana1 and Gladys N. 5. Company Policies, Educational Mabonga21,2MUA Qualification and Motivation of Women in Leadership in Tele communication Industry in Kenya: A Case Study of Safaricom Limited, Coast Region, Technical Division

6. Jacklyne Okello Alari1 6. Survey of undergraduate students' 1Karatina University perception of leadership, governance and integrity in Universities in Kenya

7. Ronald Namai1 & Dr. Washington 7. Leadership styles and performance of Okeyo2 premier league football clubs in Kenya.

8. Owuor A. E.1, Prof. Nyambegera S.,2 8. Effect of work ethics on fiscal Prof. Wainaina Gituro,3 sustainability in Kenya's public sector wage bill management institutions

Discussants: 1. Dr. Thomas Musili 2. Dr.Washington Okeyo

Rapporteurs 1. Mr. Francis Macharia 2. Ms. Patricia Chemutai

Sub-Theme 3: Chair/Moderator: Universal Health Care and 1. Dr. Paul Machoka Interventions Presenters: 1. Sustainability of donor funded projects 1. Ngari Caroline Wamuyu1 and Dr. John in public hospitals in Kenya: a case of Cheluget2, PhD HIV/AIDS projects at Nyeri County Referral and Teaching Hospital

2. Samwel Kenneth Ong'ale, 1MUA 2. Universal healthcare and interventions; multi-dimensional approach to effectiveness and sustainability.

3. Faith Keitany Jematia1, Gladys 3. Insurance Reforms, Health facilities Mabonga2 and Ann Kirigo Mwangi3 - and Provision of Universal Health Care 1,2,3MUA Services in Kenya.

4. Asaph Kinyanjui1 and Prof. Emmanuel 4. Organizational environment that affect Awuor ²1,2MUA health care service delivery under the devolved system in Kenya: a case study of level 5 hospitals in Kiambu County.

vi MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership TIME ACTIVITY RESPONSIBILITY PAPER TITLE

Sub-Theme 3: 5. Lydia Muthili Kimanzi1 5. Effects of Universal Health Care on Universal Health Care and health and welfare of residents of Interventions Makueni County: a case study of MbooniSub - County Hospital, Makueni County

6. Katherine Muhindi1 6 Effects of mastery intrinsic motivation on employees' time Management in Vihiga County referral hospital, Kenya

Discussants: 1. Dr. Judith Asiimwe 2. Dr. Florence Nisabwe

Rapporteurs: 1. Mr. Moses Leseiyo 2. Ms. Laura Nyaloti

12:00 - 1:00p.m. Sub-Theme 4: Chair/Moderator: Trade and Manufacturing: 1. Prof. Peter Paul Kithae Enablers for Sustainable Trade & Investments Presenters: 1. 1Munyao K. K. &2Kanyanjua, D. . 1. Influence of staff welfare on employee 1,2MUA satisfaction in state corporations in Kenya: a case of the Kenya Industrial Estates

2. 1Osoro, D. &2Kanyanjua, D. . 2. Er gonomics and Employee Performance 1,2 MUA in State Corporations: a case of Kenya Bureau of Standards Headquarters.

3. Mohsin R. H. Ali1 and Dr. Thomas Katua 3. The effect of employee training on Ngui2 , 1,2MUA organizational performance in the building and construction sector in Kenya: a case study of Tile and Carpet Centre

4. Edith Mohat1, Dr. Justus M Munyoki2, 4. Business process re-engineering and Dr. John Cheluget2, 1,2,3MUA practices and performance of Telecommunication sector in Kenya.

Discussants: 1. Mr. Paul Kaliih, HSC 2. Mr. Samwel Thiong'o

Rapporteurs 1. Brown Kitur 2. Edna Bonareri

Sub-Theme 5: Education, Chair/Moderator: Research and Innovation 1. Ms. JusterNyaga for Sustainable Development Presenters:

1. Domeniter, N. K1*., Adhiambo, J. M.2, 1. Influence of lecturers' preparedness on Mwalw'a, S. M.3, & Waweru, J. C.4 examination setting techniques and quality of examinations in public Universities in Kenya.

2. Prof. Peter Paul Kithae 2. Organizational Innovativeness and Firm Performance of Vehicle Selling Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) in Kenya: A Case Study of Eureka Motors

3. Abwao GeofreyMagani1*, Magani 3. Anatomy of Asset Pricing: Single- Robert Ochieng2 Factor, Multi-Factor, Arbitrage and Behavioural Asset Pricing Models

4. John M. Odhiambo1*, Dr. Nicholas K. 4. Strategy Implementation and Letting2, PhD, Prof. Wainaina Gituro3, Performance of Energy Sector PhD Institutions

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership vii TIME ACTIVITY RESPONSIBILITY PAPER TITLE

5. Prof. Michael Parrish 5. Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Post secondary Faculty 6. Yuko Kitamura1 & Zane Ritchie2 6. A qualitative study into the state of the grapesyard school computer laboratory and implementation of the computers into the school curriculum

Discussants:

Rapporteurs 1. Mr. David Kanyanjua 2. Ms. Phoebe Mureithi

1:00 - 2:00p.m. LUNCH BREAK

2:00 - 4:00p.m Sub-Theme 1: Leadership, Chair/Moderator: Governance and Integrity 1. Prof. Emmanuel Awuor

Presenters: (15 Minutes each)

1. David K. M'Mugambi1, Dr. Washington 1. Public Sector Reforms and Compliance Okeyo2 and Dr. Magdalene Muthoka3, with Public Service Ethics: The Case of County Governments in Kenya

2. Paul Machoka1 2. An assessment of the effect of strategy implementation on organizational performance

4. Catherine Kimani 4. To role of leadership in strategic planning in road asset management in Kenya: a case of Kenya National Highways Authority

5. Cameline Muhindi1, Dr. Thomas Ngui2& 5. Transformational leadership, Prof. Awuor3 organizational culture, organizational tenure and performance of teachers in public secondary schools in northeastern Kenya

6. Maggy Kathula1& Lydia Muthili 6. Effects of organizational leadership on Kimanzi2 health system management in private hospitals: a case study of Bristol Park Hospital

Discussants: 1. Prof. Richard Miller 2. Prof. Peter Kithae

Rapporteurs 1. Mr. Francis Macharia 2. Ms. Patricia Chemutai

2:00 - 4:00p.m Sub-Theme 4:Trade and Chair/Moderator: Manufacturing: Enablers 1. Prof. Peter Paul Kithae for Sustainable Trade & Investments Presenters:

1. Ogeto Evans Omari1 and Thiong'o 1. Strategic practices and organizational Samuel Mungai2 , 1,2,3MUA performance of building services contracting in Kenya: a case study of Allied Plumber Limited

2. Gulamhussein, A1*.Kanyanjua, D2. 2. Influence of services cape on employee 1,2MUA performance in commercial banks in Kenya: the moderating role of employee motivation: a survey of Mombasa County.

viii MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership TIME ACTIVITY RESPONSIBILITY PAPER TITLE

3. Charles Njure Kimondo1*, Dr. Joshua 3. Effects of Product Costing on the Matanda Wepukhulu2 and Dr. Oluoch Market Performance of Manufacturing Oluoch31,2,3JKUAT Firms Listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange

4. Osoro Jared Nyaema & Brown 4. Socio-economic determinants Kitur1,2MUA influencing consumer choice for Motor vehicles in Kenya: a case of Toyota Kenya.

5. Joshua Kengere Mogaka1 5. Influence of liquidity on firm profitability, a case of investment firms listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), Kenya

Discussants: 1. Mr. Paul Kaliih, HSC 2. Mr. SamwelThiong'o

Rapporteurs 1. Brown Kitur 2. Edna Bonareri

Sub-Theme 5: Education, Chair/Moderator: Research and Innovation for 1. Ms. JusterNyaga Sustainable Development Presenters:

1. Sarah Christine Gacheri1 & Geofrey 1. Factors influencing implementation of Magani2 performance contracting in Kenyan public Universities: a case study of Murang'a University of Technology

2. Daniel Maina Komu1 and Ndururi 2. Psychosocial challenges facing Gitari2 University student leaders at Universities in Kenya

3. Moses Leseiyo1, Dr. Thomas Ngui 3. Influence of employee motivation on (PhD)2 performance of public Universities in Kenya: a case study of Moi University, Nairobi Campus.

4. Moriasi Edna Bonareri1 and David 4. To determine how motivation and Kanyanjua2 employee performance affect parastatals in Kenya: a case study of the Postal Corporation of Kenya

5. Kathula Naomi Domeniter1*, 5. Moderating effect of university Dr. Jacinta M. Adhiambo2 & standards and guidelines on the Dr. Shem N. Mwalw'a3 relationship between administrative procedure of setting examination and quality of examinations in public universities in Kenya .

6. *1Divinah Rachel Nyaera &2 6. Strategic planning and change Dr. Washington Okeyo, Ph.D management in telecommunication industry in Kenya: case study of Telkom Kenya

Discussants: 1. Prof. Amit Mittal 2. Dr. John Cheluget

Rapporteurs 1. Mr. David Kanyanjua 2. Ms. Phoebe Mureithi

4:00 - 4:30 p.m. TEA BREAK

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership ix CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

DAY TWO: Friday, 11th September 2020 TIME Registration RESPONSIBILITY TITLE/AFFILIATION 8:00 - 8.20 a.m. Registration Secretariat MUA Ms. Grace Otieno Ms. Noelyne Sande Mr. Richard Mwaka

8:30 - 9:00 a.m. Recap of Day 1 of the Conference MC / Chief Rapporteur

9:00 - 10.00 am Opening remarks by the Guest of Honour Prof. P.L.O. Lumumba

10:00 - 11:00 am Prof. Okabe

10:00 - 10:20a.m HEALTH BREAK

PRESENTATIONS BY KEYNOTE SPEAKERS 1. Dr. Paul Sang 2. Prof. Richard Miller 3. Mr. Jean Kimali 4. Prof.Mwangi Peter Wanderi 5. Kazuya Asakawa 6. Satomi Yoshitama, M.A, M.S.Ed.

TIME ACTIVITY RESPONSIBILITY PAPER TITLE

11:30-1:30p.m Sub-Theme 6: Politics of Chair/Moderator: Food Security 1. Mr. Daniel Komu

Presenters:

1. Ann Kirigo Mwangi1, Faith keitany 1. Political Environment, Policy Jematia2, Gladys Nafula Mabonga3 Framework and Food Security in Kenya: Demystifying the Politics of Food Security Situationships

2. Prof. Emmanuel Awuor¹, ² and Lucy 2. Strategic management practices and Gachuhi³ 1,2,3MUA sustainability of SME's agribusiness in Kenya: a survey of Githunguri Sub- County

3. Agwa E. Onyango1 and Juster Gatumi 3. Provisional and preventive social Nyaga21,2MUA protection fund on sustainable livelihoods. A case study of Inua Jamii programme, Kisumu County.

4. Charles Ikutwa1 and Geofrey Magani2 4. Perspectives on Gender Roles in Enhancing Food Security in Kenya's Drylands

Discussants: 1. Prof. P. L. O. Lumumba 2. Dr. Paul Sang 3. Ms. Selina Makokha

Rapporteurs 1. Ms. Dorothy Lagat 2. Mr. James Simel

x MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership TIME ACTIVITY RESPONSIBILITY PAPER TITLE

Sub-Theme 7:Gender, Chair/Moderator: Legal Capacities and 1. Ms. Selina Makokha Jurisprudence Presenters:

1. Dr. Thomas Katua Ngui1 1. Factors Affecting Women Career Mobility: A Case of Machakos Water and Sewerage (K) Limited

Discussants: 1. Prof. P. L. O. Lumumba

Rapporteurs 1. Mr. Edwin Omambia 2. Ms. Grace Otieno

11:30-1:30p.m. Sub-Theme 8: Audit and Chair/Moderator: Financial Capacities and 1. Ms. Gladys Nafula Accountability Presenters:

1. Mercy Nyambura1 and Dr. John 1. Effect of financial innovations on Cheluget2, PhD organizational performance of Savings and Credit Cooperatives Societies: a case of Nakuru town, Nakuru County in Kenya

2. Elyas Ahmed Abdi 1& Dr. John 2. Relationship between risk management Cheluget2, PhD practices and the performance of Islamic Financial Institutions: a case study of the First Community Bank

3. RoselineWawira Kanyi1 and Geofrey 3. Factors affecting effective Magani2 implementation of integrated financial management information systems in procurement by County Governments in Kenya: A case study of Embu County Government.

4. Robin Mariita Aondo1 4. Corporate governance standards as measure to combat ethical issues in Government institutions: a case study of Kenya Revenue Authority.

5. Grace Otieno 5. Factors influencing performance of Uwezo fund assisted Youth Projects in Migori County, Kenya

6. Benstein Mutinda Kitaka1 and Dr. John 6. Factors affecting insurance claims Cheluget2, PhD payments in Kenya: a case study of ''a'' assurance company limited.

Discussants: 1. Mr. Jean Kimali 2. Dr. Angeline Wambui 3. Dr.Mc'Opiyo

Rapporteurs: 1. Mr. George Ngaruiya 2. Ms. Patricia Njoki

11:30-1:30p.m. Sub-Theme 9: Institutional Chair/Moderator: Collaborations and 1. Prof. Michael Greisamer Sustainable Development Presenters:

1. Prof. Peter Paul Kithae, PhD1MUA 1. A Critical Evaluation of Mergers and Acquisitions as Key to Organization's Strategic Development of Knowledge.

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership xi TIME ACTIVITY RESPONSIBILITY PAPER TITLE Sub-Theme 9: Institutional 2. Mark Donnellan1, 1Kwansei University 2. Virtual Exchange: New Learning Collaborations and Opportunities during the COVID-19 Sustainable Development Crisis

Discussants: 1. Prof.Mwangi P. Wanderi 2. Dr. Paul Machoka 3. Mr. Tom Kawino

Rapporteurs 1. Ms. Ann Mwangi 2. Ms. Gertrude Chepng'etich

11:30-1:30p.m. Sub-Theme 10:Political, Chair/Moderator: Socio-Economic and 1. Mr. Tom Kawino Environmental 2. Mr. Samuel Thiongo Sustainability Presenters:

1. Prof. Richard Miller 1. Mirco-considerations and motivations for motivations for Migration of refugees in Korogocho: Challenges and responses.

2. Prof. Peter Paul Kithae1 2. Contribution of Business to the Sustainability Agenda: A Critical Evaluation of the Management of Sustainable Business Practices in an Organisation

3. Patrick J. Owuori1*, Dr. Michael Ngala, 3. Technological Capability and Service Ph.D2 and Dr. Simon Obwatho, Ph.D3 Sustainability of Water Companies in Kenya.

4. Sandra Healy1 4. Measuring Intercultural Sensitivity in an African Context

5. Agwa Edwin Onyango1 and Juster 5. Effects of promotional and Nyaga2 transformative social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods in Kisumu County: a case study of Inua Jamii Programme.

6. Juster Nyaga1 and Agwa 6. Provisional and preventive social Edwin Onyango2 protection fund on sustainable livelihoods. a case study of Inua Jamii Programme, Kisumu County.

7. Judith E. Bwonya1*, Prof. Martin Ogutu2, 7. Organizational Politics and PhD, Dr. Washington O. Okeyo3, PhD Performance of State Departments in Kenya

8. Keiko Kikuchi 8. Some efforts to build sustainable energy power by local citizens in Japan after 2011 great Tohoku Tsunami disaster

9. Dibinah Rachel Nyaera2, Dr. Washington 9. Strategic planning & change Okeyo management in Telecommunication institution on Kenya: A case study of Telcom Kenya.

Discussants: 1. Dr. Florence Nisabwe 1. Prof.Mwangi P. Wanderi

Rapporteurs 1. Mr. EvansonKariuki 2. Ms. Isabella Sile

1:30 - 2:30 p.m. CLOSING CEREMONY

xii MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership TIME ACTIVITY TITLE/AFFILIATION 1.30 - 1.45 pm Recap of the International Leadership Conference MC Chief Rapporteur

1.45 - 2.00 pm Remarks and well wishes to Conference Participants Dr. Washington Okeyo (Vice - Invitation of the Guest of Honour Chancellor)

2.00 - 2.15 pm Speech & Remarks Prof. P. L. O. Lumumba Dr. Thomas Musili

2.15 - 2.30 pm Resolutions of the Conference Dr. John Cheluget – (Deputy Vice – Chancellor) (Conference Chairman)

Rapporteurs 1. Prof. Peter Kithae - MUA 2. Dr. Thomas Ngui - MUA

CLOSURE OF THE CONFERENCE

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership xiii CONFERENCE PLANNING COMMITTEE (CPC) MEMBERS

Conference Planning Committee Member Designation/Department 1. Dr. Washington Okeyo Vice - Chancellor - Patron 2. Dr. John Cheluget DVC -ARE - Chairperson 3. Dr. Thomas Ngui Director Research, Development & Innovation/Alternate Chairperson 4. Ms. Selina Makokha Director Human Resources & Administration 5. Dr. DomeniterKathula Faculty 6. Gladys Mabonga Manager, Quality Assurance 7. Ms. Isabela Sile Head of Finance & ODEL Coordinator 8. Mr. Evanson Kariuki ICT Manager and Head of Security 9. Mr. Francis Macharia University Librarian 10. Mr. MainaKomu Registrar and Dean of Students 11. Ms. JusterNyaga Dean, School of Management and Leadership 12. Mr. Tom Kawino Marketing Manager 13. Mr. Geofrey Magani Junior Research Fellow

Conference Rapporteurs Name Designation 1. Prof. Emanuel Awuor Academic Leader, Management & Leadership 2. Mr. Francis Macharia University Librarian 3. Ms. Patricia Chemutai Ag. Deputy Registrar (ARE) 4. Ms Isabella Sile Head of Finance & ODEL Coordinator 5. Ms Juster Nyagah Dean, SML 6. Mr. Samuel Thiongo Faculty 7. Mr. Brown Kitur Faculty 8. Mr. David Kanyanjua Faculty

Conference Moderators Name Designation 1. Dr. Thomas Ngui Director Research, Innovation & Development 2. Dr. Domenitter Kathula Registrar - ARE 3. Dr. Paul Machoka Faculty 4. Prof. Peter Kithae Faculty 5. Mr. D. Komu Dean of Students

Conference Secretariat 1. Mr. GeofreyMagani 2. Ms Grace Otieno E-mail:[email protected]

viv MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership MESSAGE FROM THE VICE – CHANCELLOR

It gives me great pleasure to welcome you all to Management University of Africa and specifically to the 8th International leadership virtual Conference. The University was established in 2011 and is sponsored by Kenya Institute of Management. Its niche is in management and leadership, hence this leadership conference. The University community is delighted to host this virtual conference. Welcome to Management University of Africa's International leadership conference.

The University has been organizing bi-annual international Conferences on leadership since inception. The inaugural leadership conference was held in 2012. Similar conferences have been held every two years in 2014, 2016, 2018 and now in 2020. This is because the University believes that conferences are important forums in academia for dissemination of research findings and exchange of ideas where industry technocrats and academics meet to compare notes. They also provide forums for conference participants to network and form academic and business alliances at both local and international levels.

A lot has been said about the disconnect between industry and Higher Education Institutions..The industry feels that Universities are not doing enough to prepare graduates who are responsive to industry needs. Yet, industry require graduates with good management and leadership skills in this era of knowledge driven economy. This conference will provide industry and academia an opportunity for cross-pollination of ideas to address these gaps in the next two days.

In addition, allow me to reiterate that the papers presented in this conference will be published in the International Journal of Management and Leadership Studies (IJMLS) – ISSN: 2311-7575 online edition& ISSN: 2523-6016 print edition for further dissemination.

We are living in extra-ordinary times due to COVID-19 pandemic. This conference could not have been held at better time. For us to survive this pandemic, we require concerted efforts towards consolidation of management and leadership skills to steer the world through this crisis. Management University of Africa is alive to this reality and hence the reason why this international conference has been organized virtually to minimize personal interactions to check the spread of COVID - 19.

Once again, welcome to Management University of Africa and I look forward to fruitful deliberations during the next two days,

. Dr. Washington Okeyo, PhD, MBA, BSC,MKIM Vice – Chancellor Management University of Africa 10th - 11th September 2020

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership xv MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN, CONFERENCE PLANNING COMMITTEE

On behalf of the Conference Planning Committee, it is a great pleasure for me to welcome all the participants to the 8th International Conference on Leadership which is also our 1stvirtual International conference. This is a biennial, multi–disciplinary, peer-reviewed international conference that provides a forum for the dissemination of high-quality research findings and also offers participants an opportunity to publish their work in the International Journal of Management and Leadership Studies (IJMLS). The Conference event is normally held at our University main Campus, at Kisaju in Kajiado County. However, as you are all aware, there are a range of reforms under consideration globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This has made it impossible to hold a physical Conference. Nonetheless, we are holding our Conference though virtually. The conference is being hosted from two centers - Japan and Kisaju main Campus.

The theme for this year's Conference is: “Strengthening leadership and Integrity towards sustainable development”. The Conference will provide a forum for delegates from the industry and academia to exchange ideas and present their research works. In addition, it is an ideal platform for interactions and for them to establish very important networks. The Chief Guest, Keynote speakers, paper presenters and speakers of the Conference are uniquely placed to debate and highlight the key themes, trends and current practices for the audience. I hope that this conference will allow the participants a productive discourse in managing and leading ethically in both public and private organizations.

I am grateful to the Chief Guest, Keynote speakers, conference Chairs/ Moderators, Rapporteurs and Conference Planning Committee members, without whose generous contributions and sacrifices this conference would not have been possible. I appreciate too our international partners from Japan led by Prof. Richard Miller, industry players and our students. I am also very appreciative that many local and international participants have accepted our invitation to attend this conference. To each and every one of you I extend a most cordial welcome.

Dr. John Cheluget, PhD, Ag. Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Management University of Africa 10th September 2020

xvi MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership THEME OF THE CONFERENCE

The theme of the conference is …STRENGTHENING LEADERSHIP AND INTEGRITY TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.

SUB-THEMES

SUB-THEME 1 - LEADERSHIP, GOVERNANCE AND INTEGRITY

Leadership Style and Performance of Chartered Universities in Kenya

Robin Marita Aondo1*, Dr. Washington Okeyo2, and Dr. Thomas Ngui3 1. PhD Student, Management University of Africa 2. Vice-chancellor, Management University of Africa 3. Senior lecturer, Management University of Africa *Corresponding Authors' Email: [email protected]; [email protected]@mua.ac.ke

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to establish if there is a relationship between leadership style and performance of Chartered Universities in Kenya. University education plays a critical role in promoting technological advancements and improving the country's ability to capitalize economically. This study is anchored on the trait leadership theory. The study covered 49 Chartered universities, and the target respondents for this study comprised academic and non-academic university staff. The research study was grounded in a positive research paradigm.The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design and used data from primary and secondary sources. A sample size of 362 is obtained through stratified random sampling, and a pilot study is conducted using 36 respondents. Data collected from the pilot study is tested to ascertain whether the data from the instrument would deliver the expected result. The research used questionnaires to collect primary data for this study and secondary data from the literature review was collected from journals, books and annual reports. Data Analysis involved descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. The descriptive analysis technique provides summaries on the sample data in qualitative and quantitative descriptions, which included mean standard deviation frequencies and percentages. The research carried out diagnostic tests to confirm the data normality, linearity, and multi-collinearity before data analysis being carried out. The quantitative data are analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and the use of inferential statistics. The research is then reviewed via applied various analytical models to interpret the data. The data that is collected from the field of study is treated with total confidentiality, such as respondents are asked not to indicate their names or the names of their university. The study findings shows that there is a positive significant between leadership style and performance of chartered Universities in Kenya (β=0.509 and p value=0.000). Therefore, a unit increase in leadership style index lead to an increase in performance index by 0.509 since the p-value is less than 0.05; the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. This implies that leadership style influences performance of chartered universities in Kenya. The study concluded that transformational leadership style has a positive impact on the performance of chartered universities in Kenya. It is recommended that the University management board should recognize that one of the critical functions of leadership in an organization is to facilitate the attainment of organizational strategy and goals by eliciting desirable behavior from the subordinate.

Keywords: Leadership Style, Universities Performance, Chartered Universities, Transformational Leadership style.

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 1 Effect of work ethics on fiscal sustainability in Kenya's public sector wage bill management institutions Owuor A. E.1, Prof. Nyambegera S.,2Prof. Wainaina Gituro,3 1. School of Management and Leadership, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. 2. United States International University, Department of Human Resource Management., Nairobi, Kenya, 3. University of Nairobi, School of Business, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

Work Ethics can be referred to as the behavioural working conducts of employees and their positive moral involvement in doing a good job, through honesty, compassion, and loyalty in the course of economic development. This research sought to look into the issues of work ethics and fiscal unsustainability by analysing factors that may be contributing to these causes and also to establish the contribution to research gaps that have failed to highlight the effect of, work ethics on fiscal sustainability on Kenya's public sector wage bill institutions. The study was guided by the utilitarianism theories of work ethics. The philosophical foundation adopted by the study was positivism and a cross sectional survey design because the data collected was quantitative and qualitative. The study population was from Kenya's public sector wage bill management institutions. In the determination of sample size, the Krejcie and Morgan table was used. Primary data was collected by the use of structured questionnaires and the choice of drop and pick method was used because the technique is believed to minimize non-coverage error. Data analysis involved computation of percentages means scores, and frequencies for descriptive statistics and correlation and regression for inferential statistics. The results from the study found that ineffective and poorly designed policies contribute to reduced work ethics and further, confirmed that work ethics had a positive correlation on fiscal sustainability in Kenya's public sector wage bill management institutions. Based on the results of the study, poorly designed policies and structures made it impossible for public sector firms to implement the most conducive work ethics resulting to high turnover rates of workers, and loss of funds through corruption and mismanagement, thereby making fiscal sustainability an unachievable goal. The study recommends that strict policies on work ethics are developed; audits are regularly conducted to ensure employees comply with ethical standards, and managers undergo rigorous training on the application of work ethics in the departments in Kenya's public sector.

Key words: Work ethics, fiscal sustainability, public sector.

Leadership styles and performance of premier league football clubs in Kenya Ronald Namai1 & Dr. Washington Okeyo2 1. MML student, management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.

Abstract

The challenges of coping with the current uncertainties in sports management has put many football clubs and on the edge. To survive depends on the leadership provided by the managers and football administrators who have the mandate and expected to drive and achieve organizational objectives as well as motivate staff in order to achieve desired results. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between leadership styles and performance of Kenyan Premier League football clubs. This study will thus make special contribution to the existing knowledge, address and provide the background information to research organizations and individual researchers who will use it as basis for conducting research in the same area. The study adopted institutional theory, theory of planned behaviour and goal setting theory. The research design adopted was a descriptive research design that is cross sectional in nature. The study target population was 66 comprising staff of Football Kenya Federation; Coaches of Kenyan Premier League clubs, CEOs of Kenyan Premier League clubs as well as team captains (players) of the clubs. During data collection, a total of 54 respondents were sampled, among them 9 staff at Football Kenya Federation, 17 coaches of Kenyan Premier League clubs, 11 CEOs of clubs and 17 team captains. Questionnaires were used for data collection among the population. A pilot study was conducted to test the accuracy of the instruments to ensure that the data was reliable and valid. The data was later analysed by use of SPSS and inferential statistics and presented using tables and figures. Descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation was adopted in the analysis. The data was first coded and organized into concepts from which generalization was made of the entire population. The relationship between the variables was determined using regression model of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The research findings indicate that leadership style explains 45% of the

2 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership performance of Kenyan Premier League clubs. According to the study findings, transformational leadership to a large extent impacted the performance of clubs more than any other style (mean of 4.3 out of 5). The study therefore concluded that leadership style is a critical ingredient in the performance of premier league clubs in Kenya and primarily determines the success of teams.

Keywords: leadership styles, performance, premier league football clubs

To role of leadership in strategic planning in road asset management in Kenya: a case of Kenya National Highways Authority Catherine N. Kimani

Abstract

In recent years, strategic planning has become a critical factor in organizations to achieve a competitive advantage and organizational sustainability. It involves making choices and taking remedial measures to attain an organization's long term objectives and targets. Effective strategic planning results in cost effectiveness, timely production and delivery of products as well as organizational flexibility. Strategic leadership has been identified as a critical determinant of success in the process of strategic planning and implementation of these strategies. The leaders set the strategic direction of the organization to deliver their mandate to the stakeholders. However, many state agencies involved in road asset management have challenges in strategic planning leading to poor implementation of the strategies, poor quality road assets and delays in project completion. This has been attributed to poor environmental scanning, poor resource mobilization, lack of a clear mission and vision and inadequate stakeholder involvement. Currently there are no studies conducted in Kenya to establish the role of leadership in strategic planning in road asset management. Thus, the main objective of this study is to determine the role of leadership in strategic planning in road asset management in Kenya with specific reference to KeNHA. The study aims to achieve the following objectives: to assess the role of leadership in setting the mission and vision, to evaluate the role of leadership in environmental scanning and to determine the role of leadership in resource mobilization and the role of leadership in stakeholder involvement in road asset management. This study is anchored on a descriptive research design to describe the state of affairs at the Kenya National Highways Authority. The target population of the study will be five hundred and fifty four (554) employees consisting of the top and middle-level management staff ofthe Kenya National Highways Authority drawn from Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu and Nakuru Regional Offices. Stratified sampling method will be used to sample one hundred and ten (110) respondents. Structured questionnaires will then be used to collect primary data from the sampled managers. A pilot test will be conducted to establish the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentages, mean and standard deviation. Inferential analysis will be done by multi regression analysis. The results will be presented using charts and frequency table for ease of reference

Keywords: Resource Mobilization, Stakeholder Involvement, Mission and Vision, Environmental Scanning

An assessment of the effect of strategy implementation on organizational performance Paul Machoka1 1. Lecturer, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya * Corresponding Author; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Purpose of the study: The study investigated strategy implementation and its effect on performance at Red Cross Country Programme; established the extent to which strategy Operationalization, organizational structure and strategy communication, how it has affected the performance of Red Cross Programme.

Introduction of Problem Statement: Red Cross Kenya has experienced problems in meeting the targets set in its Country Strategy for Kenya. The Programme, which aims at addressing needs of people in areas of Health, Education, Emergency Response and Advocacy, has over the past three years experienced problems in achieving the set targets in each of these areas.

Method/methodology: This research was conducted through a case study using survey design. The target population of this study was the staff working at Red Cross Kenya Country Programme from where the researcher drew a representative sample. To achieve

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 3 the study objective, the research utilized a self-administered questionnaire and secondary data from libraries and Red Cross Kenya records. The target population of this study was the staff working at Red Cross Kenya Programme. The researcher examined a sample of staff drawn from the population of 173 staff working in SC Red Cross Kenya Programme. A sample of 30% from within each group in proportions that each group bear to the population as a whole was taken using stratified random sample. This generated 52 respondents for this study Data was analysed using SPSS 20 for windows. Tables were used to summarize responses for further analysis and facilitate comparison. This generated quantitative reports through tabulations, percentages, and measure of central tendency. Data collected was purely quantitative and therefore was analyzed by descriptive analysis.

Results of the study: Most respondents agreed to a great extent that effective communication of the strategy is an important factor that enables the organisation to achieve its organizational objectives and the strategic implementation has top leadership commitment which ensures successful communication of the strategic direction throughout the organization as was shown by a low mean of 2.000 and 2.333.

The study further revealed that a majority of the respondents' agreed to a great extent that they were aware of policies of Save the children comprising of 42 percent and that these policies had been aligned to the strategy of Save the children as was shown by a majority of 52 percent.

Conclusion and policy recommendation: The study concludes that most respondents' were aware of the annual plan and strategic plan and targets that lead to improved performance. In addition, the study concludes that operationalization, cascading and communication of strategy have a great effect on implementation and performance at Kenya Red Cross Country Programme.

Keywords: Operationalization, Cascading, Communication, Strategy & Strategy implementation.

The effect of ethical leadership on organizational strategy development: a case of Islamic Relief Kenya. Sharon Juma Odhiambo1 1. Management University of Africa, Nairobi-Kenya; Email:[email protected]; Mobile: +254 729 836 567

Abstract

Ethical leadership plays a significant role in the development of organizational strategy development. Successful performance of organizations depends on how the management makes deliberate decisions that affect performance. This study sought to investigate the effects of ethical leadership on organizational strategy development. It further aimed at investigating the challenges hindering organizational strategy development, and finding out the principles of ethical leadership that can be adopted in order to promote organizational strategy development at the Islamic Relief Kenya. The study used descriptive survey research design. A census study was adopted that resulted to a sample size of 25 respondents. The data was collected using structured and unstructured questionnaires, which were administered by the researcher. Analysis of the collected data was done and presented by the use of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 17.0. Frequency tables and figures were used to present the data. The study established that employee retention was a key factor to strategy development and that other factors include ethical leadership, implementation of quality management skills and the recruitment of skilled people in the area of strategy development. The study concluded that ethical leadership had a direct relationship with organizational strategy development, and that ethical leadership influenced strategic planning, change management as well as decision making, all which influenced strategy development. This study recommends that ethical leaders should steer quality workplace relationships, set the tone for workers at all levels because the workers determine the success of organizational strategy development.

Keywords: Ethical leadership, Organizational strategy, Principles of ethical leadership, Organizational Development,

4 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership Leadership style, government regulations and sustainability of Sacco Societies in Kenya.A case study of Harambee Sacco. Thiong'o Samuel Mungai1 1. Tutorial Fellow, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya; Email: [email protected]

Abstract

The study investigated the factors affecting sustainability of Sacco societies in Kenya with Harambee Sacco as the case study. The objectives of the study was to establish the effects of leadership style and government regulation on Sacco sustainability. The study adopted descriptive research design and used stratified random sampling procedure to select the sample population. The researcher targeted 140 respondents from Sacco membership where a sample size of 50% selected. The study found that both leadership style and government regulation affect Sacco societies sustainability in Kenya. The study recommends that Saccos should adopt the best leadership style to give a good direction towards sustainability goal. In addition, the study recommends that Saccos should ensure extensive research is done on how to conform to the government regulation and the government should create favorable regulation for Saccos in Kenya.

Keywords:Sustainability, Sacco Societies, leadership style, government regulation.

A study on transformational leadership and innovation as key to State Corporations growth Ben Getange1*, Catherine Waweru2and Prof. P. Kithae3 1. Postgraduate Student, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 2. Postgraduate Student, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya. 3. Senior Lecturer and Prof. of Entrepreneurship, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. * Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract

The study had two objectives, namely; to determine the influence of transformational leadership on growth of financial State Corporations in Kenya; to determine the influence of innovation on growth of financial State Corporations in Kenya. Two respondents from each State Corporation comprising of the Managing director or a human resource director and a Chief finance officer were used for the study. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 24 respondents to collect primary data for this study. The study yielded qualitative data. Content analysis was used to achieve the objective of the study. Finally, conclusion was drawn and recommendations made based on the findings. Poor forecasting leading to projects taking long to complete, absence of Research and Development (R&D) to spearhead innovations together with poor risk management strategies was found to be hindering fast growth of the financial State Corporations. To achieve faster growth of financial State Corporations, transformational leadership and proper forecasting together with strengthening Research and Development should be enhanced.

Keywords: Transformational leadership, Innovation, State Corporations growth, Kenya

Company Policies, Educational Qualification and Motivation of Women in Leadership in Telecommunication Industry in Kenya: A Case Study of Safaricom Limited, Coast Region, Technical Division Duncan Mindo Wagana1 and Gladys N. Mabonga2, 1. Broadband communications limited; E-mail: [email protected] 2. Management University of Africa; Email:[email protected]

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between company policies, educational qualification and motivation of women in leadership positions in the telecommunication industry in Kenya using a case study of Safaricom Limited, coast region -technical division. The specific objectives of the study were: To evaluate the relationship between company policies and motivation of women in leadership positions in Telecommunication industry in Kenya; and to establish how educational qualifications relate with motivation of women in leadership positions in Telecommunication industry in Kenya. The study was anchored on two theories; Hierarchy of needs theory and two factors theory.

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 5 A descriptive research design was adopted as individuals or other units were compared to each other. The target population of this study was comprised of the Safaricom coast region, Technical Division employees.

Simple random sampling technique was used and the study populace and sampling frame comprised of a list of 50 representatives of the total 150 staff who work in the division. A questionnaire was used to collect data which was analyzed using Microsoft Excel It was recommended that the role of women in leadership be upheld. It was concluded that company policies are very key in motivating more women to take up leadership roles. like education background, Organizations should consider exploring opportunities to improve on the existing policies by incorporating gender enhancement aspects.

Transformational leadership and innovation, key to State Corporations growth in Kenya. Ben N. Getange1 1. PhD Student, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

Economic development of any country depends on efficient use of her resources both tangible and intangible. Transformational leaders use their talents not only to transform their organizations but they also become role models by persuading their colleagues to work in ways that achieve the objectives and goals of their organization. Transformational leaders create a culture in which all members of the organization strive towards a common shared vision. The study has two objectives, namely; to determine the influence of transformational leadership on growth of financial State Corporations in Kenya; to determine the influence of innovation on growth of financial State Corporations in Kenya. A census study using cross sectional survey design was used to achieve the study objectives. The target population was 24 employees from 12 State Corporations in Financial sector who were subjected to performance appraisal since 2008 when the exercise was implemented in Kenya. The study selected two respondents from each State Corporation comprising of the Managing director or human resource director and a Chief finance officer. Semi- structured questionnaires were administered to 24 respondents to collect primary data for this study. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).Finally, conclusion was drawn and recommendations made based on the findings. Content analysis was used to achieve the objective of the study. Poor forecasting leading to projects taking long to complete, absence of Research and Development (R&D) to spearhead innovations together with poor risk management strategies was found to be hindering fast growth of the Corporations. To achieve faster growth of State Corporations, transformational leadership and proper forecasting together with strengthening Research and Development should be enhanced.

Keywords: Transformational leadership, Innovation, State Corporations growth, Kenya

Survey of undergraduate students perception of leadership, governance and integrity in Universities in Kenya Jacklyne Okello Alari1 1. Karatina University, School of Business, Karatina, Kenya

Abstract

Leadership and good governance focuses on openness, transparency, accountability, integrity, effective collaboration and is tied directly to the culture of individual institutions. These in learning institutions helps learners improve and change their understanding, attitudes and/or behavior. They enable learners raise levels in many aspects of their nations, countries even the world such as values, habits, attitudes, knowledge and do well for the succession of generations. When the New Constitution was promulgated in 2010, the hope among Kenyans was that it would promote integrity, responsibility and accountability among State and public officers, and especially leaders at all levels. Despite the provisions of the Constitution on leadership, the number of questionable leaders seems to be on the rise. Kenya like many other African states is at a point the citizens are feeling the effects of unethical practices like, corruption at various levels, abuse of office, murder, theft and misuse of public resources among others. It seems as though the moral fabric of society is not only torn but rather nonexistent. As such times we are forced to ask retrogressively though, what is the values of our education system? Education is meant to be transformative in nature. Often, those who engage in unethical practices in society are not the least educated, or uneducated. They are people with the best education, no wonder they employ the best tactics in siphoning and finding sophisticated means to hide the vice. The core mandate of universities is not only to teach, conduct research and community service but also to impart sound social and moral values on the students. Helping students

6 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership develop as ethical leaders involves more than just helping them acquire skills. It is a process that involves helping them develop their leadership identity, practice the process of leadership, and advance their intellectual and skill development. The paper was guided by the following research questions: What is the undergraduate student understanding of leadership, governance and integrity? Does the university leadership impart values in students by their way of operation? Does the student experience at university model them towards being ethical leaders, good governors and persons of integrity?

Mixed research methods were used. A survey was conducted using digital questionnaire with both open ended and closed ended questions to collect data. Data analysis was done using the digital google forms application. The findings indicate that majority of respondents have similar good understanding of leadership, governance and integrity. Although a good number of respondents had concerns on leadership and integrity the findings also revealed that a vast majority indicated that the university experience has modelled them to persons of integrity.

The researcher recommends that universities to consider anchoring and laying emphasis on key aspects of ethical leadership, good governance and integrity in the curriculum as they train students. They are to uphold and maintain best quality practices in their service delivery. This is because sustainable development is not only anchored on academic excellence but also on ethical values and the society's moral development.

Key words: leadership, governance, integrity, undergraduate students, perceptions

Public Sector Reforms and Compliance with Public Service Ethics: The Case of County Governments in Kenya David K. M'Mugambi1*, Dr. Washington Okeyo2 , PhD & Dr. Magdalene Muthoka3 , PhD 1. PhD Student of Management and Leadership, Management University of Africa 2. Vice Chancellor, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 3. Lecturer, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya *Email of the Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Public sector reforms were intended to change public service to be more responsive to citizen needs and ensure ethical service delivery. The aim of this paper was to discuss the impact of public sector reforms on compliance with public service ethics at the devolved County Governments of Kenya. The study used systematic review methods to discuss the rationale, drivers, achievement, challenges and the general lessons learned and whether the reform experiences had effect on public service ethics compliance. Results showed that in the last thirty years, many countries especially in Africa adopted reforms with varied outcomes and impact on public service ethics compliance. The reviewed literature also revealed that implementation of public sector reforms is considered more important for reengineering the public service than compliance with public service ethics. Moreover, reform ineffectiveness blamed on several barriers including the changing reform paradigm is globally, regionally and nationally well documented. In Africa and Kenya in particular literature on reforms is generally inconclusive on the impact of reforms on compliance with public service ethics. The review also identified some important theoretical, conceptual and methodological drawbacks in previous studies that restrict generalization of results to particular contexts such as County Governments. The recommendation is made for further research focusing on the relationships between strategic leadership and reform implementation and employee commitment to public service ethics compliance.

Keywords: Public Service, Public Sector Reforms, New Public Management, Public Service Ethics, Decentralization, County Governments

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 7 Transformational leadership, organizational culture, organizational tenure and performance of teachers in public secondary schools in northeastern kenya. Cameline M. Muhindi1*, Dr. Thomas Ngui2 and Prof. Emmanuel Awuor3 1. PhD Student, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 2. Senior lecturer, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. 3. Senior lecturer, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

Employee performance is a pertinent aspect because it is one of the key indicators of team and company performance; it contributes to the competitive ability of companies and productivity. Although previous studies have focused on assessing the relationship between transformational Leadership, organisational culture and organisational tenure on organisational performance, less research has been carried out on the joint relationship of the afore mentioned variables. The general objective of this study will be to find out the significance of Transformational leadership, organisational culture, and organizational tenure on employee job performance of the Teachers Service Commission employed public secondary school teachers in North Eastern Kenya. The specific objectives of the study will be to establish the relationship between Transformational leadership and employee job performance, to evaluate the mediating effect of organizational culture in the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance, to examine the moderating role of organisational tenure in the relationship between transformational leadership and employee job performance and to establish the joint effect of transformational leadership, organisational culture, and organisational tenure on employee job performance. This Study will be hinged on the transformational leadership theory, theory of organisational culture and effectiveness, a modified career-stage model, and the Individual work performance model. The positivist research philosophy will be adopted, whereby hypotheses will be formulated and rejected or not rejected based on the field results. The study will adopt the cross sectional research design and target the 1187 teachers in all the 86 public secondary schools in North Eastern Kenya. The Cachran's sample size formula will be used to determine the sample size. A sample size of 25% of the teachers, totalling to 290 will thus be selected using stratified random sampling. Primary data will be collected using closed-ended standardized questionnaires using drop and pick up method. The study will use the cronbach's alpha to test scale reliability while content validity will be done by experts in the area under study and construct validity will be achieved through factor analysis. The data will then be analysed using both descriptive statistics like, percentages, means and graphs and inferential statistics where data collected from a sample of the population will be used to generalize on the entire population. Linear and multiple regression analysis will be used to test the study hypotheses.

Keywords: Contextual and counterproductive performance, Organisational culture, Task performance, Transformational Leadership,

Effects of organizational leadership on health system management in private hospitals: a case study of Bristol Park Hospital Maggy Kathula1& LydiaMuthili Kimanzi2 1. Career Counsellor, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.

Abstract

The Kenyan constitution provides a legal framework for a widespread rights based approach in healthcare service delivery, it provides that every person has the right to be provided with the highest achievable standard of health that include right to reproductive health, right to reasonable sanitation standards, right to safe and clean drinking water and adequate quality food . The government health policy 2012-2030 gives guidance for the achievement of the highest standard of health through provision of equitable, quality and affordable services at attainable standard for all Kenyans with inclusion of monitoring and evaluation that aligns county and national levels objectives. The procedure gives an institutional framework that specifies the new management and institutional arrangements required under the devolved system which is aligned to Kenyan vision 2030. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of organizational leadership on health system management in private hospitals using Bristol park hospital as a case study. The study used descriptive research design. The study target population was 150 employees at Bristol park hospital. The population was divided into three strata; senior level Mangers, Middle level Managers and non-management staff. Simple random sampling technique was used to obtain sample size from the different strata. Data was collected using questionnaires. Descriptive data was analysed using frequencies and percentages and presented through tables and figures. The findings revealed that staff competence, organization resources, organizational leadership and patient illness affect health system management utilization at Bristol park hospital. Recommendations included: improvement of the management strategies at Bristol

8 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership park hospital, investment in human capital to improve staff competence through training for staff development, and senior management to provide adequate resources that are required in the organization. Suggestions for further research were that another study be carried out study on the factors affecting health system management in public hospitals to validate the finding of the current study.

Keywords: Factors affecting, Health system, Leadership, Management, Organization, Strategies

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 9 SUB-THEME 3: UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE AND INTERVENTIONS

Universal healthcare and interventions; multi-dimensional approach to effectiveness and sustainability. Samuel Kenneth Ong'ale1 1. PhD Student, the Management University of Africa

Abstract

Universal health coverage/health care (UHC) is a multi-dimensional concept grounded in international human rights and fully supported by the World Health Organization (WHO). There is an emerging consensus globally on the importance of universal health coverage. Additionally, as a legal human rights issue, UHC involves a complex interaction of various components of a health system that define it as a human rights issue. Currently, UHC is presented as a multi-dimensional concept with operationalization hinged on universal population coverage, availability of finances and access to quality, affordable and sustainable healthcare to the majority of the population. However, there is doubt on its practicality, scope and sustainability. Currently, it is challenging to identify UHC's performance indicators and therefore challenges in measuring its progress and long-term sustainability. In Africa, countries are trying to avail affordable healthcare to its citizenry, but challenges bedevil this noble initiative. It is imperative to note that the tenets of UHC cut across the healthcare spectrum that includes human resources for health, medicines and community service and follow-up, healthcare financing and sustainability. Regardless of available interventions, there is still a gap in the realization of UHC in the majority of African nations. In Kenya, UHC is viewed as a humanitarian social concept on the basis of health care as an international legal obligation as grounded in international human rights laws. This makes UHC a legal, health economics and public health concept and one of the government's priority initiatives. From the perspective of a health economics concept, UHC ensures financial protection by providing a shield against the consequences of out-of-pocket expenditure through the implementation of pooled prepaid financing systems. As a public health concept, UHC attracts controversies regarding services to be covered from the perspectives of comprehensive services versus minimum basic package, and priority disease-specific interventions versus primary health care.

Key Words: - Universal Health Coverage, World Health Organization, Human Rights, Affordability, Sustainability, Interventions.

Sustainability of donor funded projects in public hospitals in Kenya: a case of HIV/AIDS projects at Nyeri County Referral and Teaching Hospital Ngari Caroline Wamuyu1and Dr. John Cheluget2, PhD 1. Student, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. Ag. DVC-ARE, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

The research project sought to investigate factors influencing sustainability of donor funded projects in public hospitals in Kenya; a case of HIV/AIDS projects at Nyeri County Referral Hospital. Project sustainability is one of the most critical challenge for all grassroots, national and international development agencies. The study objective was to evaluate how leadership, funds, capacity building, and stakeholder's involvement caninfluence the sustainability of donor funded projects in public hospitals. The study provided an in-depth literature review and analysis based on the research objectives, identification of the theories applicable to this study, and the conceptual framework. The target population for this study was 137 employees from the HIV/AIDS projects funded at Nyeri County Referral Hospital. A census of 137 respondents was done since the target population was relatively small and therefore the need for sampling from it was overlooked. The researcher obtained a permit from National Council for Science and Technology based on authorization letter from The Management University of Africa. The researcher paid a visit to the area of study and made appointments with the target population where data was collected. A pilot survey was done before conducting the main data collection exercise and the reliability and consistency of the research instrument was assessed using the Cronbach Alpha scores obtained from the pilot study respondents. The study relied on primary data where questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was then analysed using descriptive analysis such as descriptive statistics mean scores and standard deviations, frequencies distributions, and percentages. The relationship between the dependent and independent variables were assessed using linear regression. The findings of the study established that source of funds and stakeholder involvement significantly influenced project

10 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership sustainability. Further, the study found that capacity building, leadership and government policy did not significantly influenced project sustainability. When all the variables were regressed collectively a model was generated that was fit for prediction of project sustainability. The study therefore reached a conclusion that involving stakeholders at all stages of the process and ensuring adequate funds are available for the project contributes greatly to the success of the project. The study recommends that an evaluation of capacity building and training needs assessment should be conducted in both rural and urban hospital settings in Kenya and an evaluation of the impact of leadership on the project sustainability should be evaluated within a wider geographical scope.

Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Antiretroviral Therapy, HIV/AIDS Program Sustainability Analysis Tool, United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

Insurance Reforms, Health facilities and Provision of Universal Health Care Services in Kenya. Faith Keitany Jematia1,Gladys Mabonga2 and Ann Kirigo Mwangi3 1. Management University of Africa; E-mail: [email protected]. 2. Management University of Africa; E-mail: [email protected] 3. Management University of Africa; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Universal health care is a vital part of Kenya that aims to ensure Kenyans receive quality health care services without suffering financial hardships. To address the problems in the health sector and make healthcare more accessible and affordable the government introduced various healthcare reforms, among them is establishing health insurance through National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF). In its early years NHIF focused mainly with the formal sector employees, those in the informal sector, in agriculture, small scale business people were left out. However the government has made reforms to ensure that there is equity and access to health services by the poor and those in the informal sector. In the recent years private insurance companies have established health insurance to ensure a wider coverage of health insurance. This paper offers insights on reforms in insurance towards attainment of Universal healthcare in Kenya. This paper reviews the experiences of other countries and draws lessons from those experiences. This paper will find out what Kenya has done in the health insurance sector in ensuring Universal health coverage, although there are other reforms that can be adopted from other countries towards realization of the right healthcare and steer he country towards the desired health goals. The paper recommends that the decision to introduce universal health insurance be premised on a careful and thorough assessment of all the issues being raised, and implementation based on clearly outlined stages.

Keywords: Universal health care, NHIF, Health Insurance, Insurance Reforms

Organizational environment that affect health care service delivery under the devolved system in Kenya: a case study of level 5 hospitals in Kiambu County. Asaph Kinyanjui1 and Prof. Emmanuel Awuor ² 1. Masters student at Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. 2. Senior Lecturer, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.

Abstract

Background:The 2010 constitution created devolved system of government, this led to creation of 47 counties. The main goal of establishing county governments was to ensure services including health were closer to citizens hence addressing issues of accessibility and equity.

Aim: The study sought to find out the effect of organization environment on health care service delivery under the devolved system. It was conducted in Kiambu County in Kenya.

Setting: Devolution empowered county governments to allocate resources to various departments including health care. It is the responsibility of county governments to ensure citizens get quality services, the national government establishes policies and guidelines and counties implement them.

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 11 Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional study design, which is a descriptive research that involved collection of data once from 100 respondents at management level both at the county and the three level 5 hospitals in Kiambu County. Primary quantitative data was collected and analyzed.

Results: Political influence, limited financial allocation, inadequate human resource capacity and weak monitoring and evaluation negatively affected health care service delivery under the devolved system. National government policies had a positive impact on service delivery by increasing revenue and availability of diagnostic and treatment machines.

Conclusion: This study concludes that political influence, human resource, financial allocation, monitoring and evaluation, national government policies affect health care delivery under the devolved system. Most of these variables affect service delivery in a negative manner hence denying citizens access to quality health care. The policy makers both at the national and county governments need to recognize the effects of these aspects and develop policies and mechanisms that will facilitate better delivery of health care services

Key words: Devolved System; Health Care Services Delivery

Effects of mastery intrinsic motivation on employees' time Management in Vihiga County referral hospital, Kenya Katherine Muhindi1 1. Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Time is the most precious resource in business and society, unlike alternative (consider change to traditional) resources, like labour and capital. However, few organizations really know how their time is an important resource. Motivation is one of the most important factors affecting employee behavior and hence efficiency. The overall objective of this paper is determining the effect of mastery intrinsic motivation measures on employee's time management. The study was informed by Deci and Ryan's self- determination theory. Explanatory research design was adopted. The target population was 140 and a sample size 123 was utilized. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the respondent. The questionnaire was used to collect data. The study found that; mastery intrinsic motivation(β1 = 0.801, critical ratio > 1.96) had a positive and significant effect on employees' time management. It is concluded that there is aneed to encourage employees to engage in a wide array of organizational tasks beyond their scope of work so that they can gain experience and master important aspects of the job. There is thus need for employees to be self-driven and work at figuring out thing on their own whenever mistakes are done. Furthermore, it is of the utmost necessity for organizations to help employees identify their own strengths and weaknesses and have a purpose that makes the employees feel important.

Keywords: Motivation, Time Management, Mastery Intrinsic Motivation, Employees' Time Management

Effects of Universal Health Care on health and welfare of residents of Makueni County: a case study of MbooniSub - County Hospital, Makueni County Lydia Muthili Kimanzi1 1. Career Cousellor, management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya ; Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Kenya implemented UHC as part of its key priority agendas with aspiration to have it achieved across the nation by 2022. This influenced the establishment of Makueni Care that is a vital health financing program that allows registered households to access free services at public hospitals. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Universal Health Care on health and welfare of residents in Makueni County, using MbooniSub County Hospital as a case study.. The study was to determine whether implementation of Universal Health Care (UHC) had any effect on the health and welfare of residents of Makueni County. The literature review covered both local and international researches on the topic. Critical analysis was done on the similarities and differences in the approaches used in local and international researches related to the study. The study use ex post facto research design. The target population was all the residents of Makueni County. The study limited itself to 416 patients of Makueni County who visited who Mbooni Sub county Hospital between January to April 2018. Stratified random sampling was used to select the participants for the study. Strata was divided into; Inpatients and outpatients. From each stratum 30% of participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. A total of one hundred and twenty four (124) patients participated in the study. A questionnaire on effects of UHC on health and welfare was developed by the researcher for the study. Pilot study was done to

12 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership ensure validity and reliability of the research instrument. Simple Linear regression was used to analyze effects of UHC on health and welfare of Makueni residents. Descriptive data was analyzed using frequencies and percentages and presented through tables and figures. The research established that the achievement of UHC in Mbooni sub-county had played a significant role in enhancing the economy of the region by ensuring that the residents are able to set aside funds to cater for their needs. It has also alleviated poverty and contributed to the sustainable development of the region. Additionally, the implementation of UHC was vital in enhancing job opportunities since it attracted individuals with the needed skills. The UHC programme played a fundamental role in alleviating the suffering of the people of Mbooni sub-county. The research recommendations of the study were that the programme needed to involve local communities as a means of achieving true accountability and ensure real access to information. It is recommended that the money allocated to the health sector and how it is spent should be accounted for to the communities. It was also recommended that the capital expenditure should be focused on enhancing the quality of healthcare by building new facilities or purchasing equipment to care for more people in the future. It is also recommended that the system should primarily invest in and direct resources towards building the capacities of the public health sector, not in creating opportunities to generate private profits. Since this was a case study, another study should be conducted for all the hospitals of Makueni County.

Keywords: Universal Health care, Mbooni Sub-County Hospital, Makueni County

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 13 SUB-THEME 4: TRADE AND MANUFACTURING: ENABLERS FOR SUSTAINABLE TRADE AND INVESTMENTS

Influence of staff welfare on employee satisfaction in state corporations in Kenya: a case of the Kenya Industrial Estates Munyao, K.K.1and Kanyanjua, D.2 1. Masters Student, Management and Leadership, The Management University of Africa, Kenya 2. Lecturer, The Management University of Africa, Kenya

Abstract

This study looked at the influence of staff welfare on employee satisfaction in state corporations in Kenya, acase study of the Kenya Industrial Estates. A descriptive research design was adopted. The target population was 419 employees of the Kenya Industrial Estate. Stratified random sampling was employed in constituting the sample since it enables inclusion of all divisions in the sample. A sample size consisting of 204 respondents were drawn from all departments at the Kenya Industrial Estate. A pilot test was conducted using 20 employees. Data was obtained using questionnaires, containing closed ended questions. Statistical package for social sciences version 24 was used for data analysis to generate descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. A multiple linear regression model was tested. There search data was presented using figures, and tables. From the univariate, correlational and multivariate analysis conducted, the study found that if the independent variable (staff welfare) was to beheld constant, employee satisfaction would be negatively affected. The study also found positive significant relationship between the predictor variable (staff welfare) and the dependent variable (employee satisfaction). The findings would be useful to the government in informing the basis of review of government policy to address is sues related to employee satisfaction within State Corporations, which would be useful to the Vision 2030 programme by acting as a reference study for the improvement thereof.

Key Words: Staff Welfare, Employee Satisfaction, State Corporations

Influence of liquidity on firm profitability, a case of investment firms listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), Kenya Joshua Kengere Mogaka1 1. Part time Lecturer JKUAT/UoN Kisii CBD campuses/PhD Student University of Nairobi; Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Liquidity and firm profitability are the critical indicators of the performance of firms in any given sector. Liquidity ratios such as current ratio, cash ratio and quick acid test ratio are used to measure the ability of a firm and meet its short-term maturing obligations. Margin of safety is determined by the level of the ratio. Profitability ratio are concerned with the relative profit and efficiency of utilization of service resources of a business. This study will be guided by three specific objectives; the correlation between the current ratio and profitability of investment firms listed in (NSE),Kenya, the correlation between the quick acid test ratio and profitability of investment firms listed in (NSE),Kenya and the correlation between the cash ratio on profitability of investment firm listed in NSE Kenya .Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Investment (ROI) will used as measures of the performance of listed investment firms in (NSE),Kenya. The study will adopt a descriptive research design. The population of the study will consist all the investment firms listed in (NSE).The sampling technique will be non-probability sampling technique for the all the investment firms listed in (NSE).The secondary data in the form of the annual reports and Accounts for the years 2017- 2019 will be used. Simple correlation analysis will used to test the hypothesis at 10% level of significance. Analysis of data will be tabulated and presented using frequency tables' percentages and explanations. A multi linear regression model will be used to establish the relationship between independent and Dependent variables.

Key words: Liquidity, Profitability, Performance, Margin of Safety, ROA, ROI

14 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership Ergonomics and Employee Performance in State Corporations: a case of Kenya Bureau of Standards Headquarters. Osoro Doreen1*and Kanyanjua David2 1. Post graduate Student, Master of Management and Leadership at the Management University of Africa 2. Lecturer, Management University of Africa * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This study sought to establish the extent to which ergonomics influence the performance in State Corporations a case study of Kenya Bureau of Standards. This research was to specifically seek to evaluate how office furniture, spatial arrangement, lighting and office equipment affects performance of employees at KEBS. The study used a descriptive research design to give the actual picture of how things look presently .The study target population was 400 employees of Kenya Bureau of Standards headquarters, with the help of statistical package of social sciences, the data was analyzed. Furthermore, the study used both correlation and linear regression analyses to test for the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The study established that office furniture affects employee performance to a great extent and the study findings shows that office furniture is significant determinant of employee performance and office furniture contributes significantly to employee performance. The findings revealed that spatial arrangement affects employee performance to a moderate extent. Results indicate a strong positive correlation between spatial arrangement and employee performance; the study also established that office lighting affects employee performance to a great extent and also findings reveals that office equipment affects employee performance at KEBs to a great extent. The study concludes that type of furniture provided by an organization affects the employee performance and there is a significant relationship between office layout and performance of employees. It also follows that employee comfort leads to increased performance, the study also concluded that there is a strong positive correlation between office lighting and employee performance and finally office equipment is a significant determinant in employee performance. The research recommends to the KEBS Management and Board of directors to consider providing proper office furniture and equipment to employees that will not only assist employees to carry their task more conveniently but will also improve employee performance. Allowing the staff to have their own work station equipped with all the office essentials can make them feel more comfortable. A desk with storage cabinets can help in organizing stationeries and documents. An ergonomic chair will perfectly fit the body of its user preventing employees from absenteeism due to work related body pains caused by poor posture.

Keywords: Office Furniture, Spatial Arrangement, Lighting, Office Equipment, Ergonomics, Employee Performance, State Corporation and Kenya Bureau of Standards

The effect of employee training on organizational performance in the building and construction sector in Kenya: a case study of Tile and Carpet Centre Mohsin Rajabali Habib Ali1 and Dr. Thomas Katua Ngui2 1. Management University of Africa, Nairobi Kenya; E-mail: [email protected] 2. Management University of Africa, Nairobi Kenya; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

A holistic human capital approach requires organizations to view talent acquisition, development, and retention and employee engagement in a radically new way as a single entity rather than distinct parts. This study aimed at investigating the effect of employee training and organizational performance at Tile and Carpet Centre (T&C) in Kenya. The human resource management theory anchored the variables of the study. The study adopted descriptive research design. The study population was 750 staff working in 3 T&C locations while stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 100 respondents. The pilot testing was conducted using the questionnaire on 10 staff from ICD warehouse, Nairobi County. The measure of reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha at 0.7. The study was a descriptive research and primary data was collected using a questionnaire. Frequency distribution tables and figures were used to present the findings where interpretation was done in prose form. The researcher conducted simple regression analysis in order to find out the relationship between employee training and organizational performance of T&C. The inferential results on effect of employee training on organization performance show R=0.660 indicating a strong positive correlation and R2 = 0.435 and there was a significant effect between employee training and organization performance (t=8.286, p<0.05). The study established and provided evidence that on the job training and job orientation enhances employee ability to discharge their duties and this had positive influence on organizational performance thus having a positive

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 15 influence on organizational performance. The study recommends that T&C should integrate training laterally in all departments to enable employees to be equipped to compete effectively in business by offering quality services within minimum time. This should be done through training sessions and seminars.

Keywords: Employee training, Organisation performance, Tile and Carpet Centre

Business process re-engineering practices and performance of Telecommunication sector in Kenya. Edith Mohat1, Justus M Munyoki,1 PhD and John Cheluget2, PhD 1. University of Nairobi 2. Deputy Vice – Chancellor, Management University of Africa

Abstract

This study sought to establish Business Process Reengineering (BPR) strategies used by telecommunication companies in Kenya to enhance their service delivery to gain competitive advantage, and to explore the influence of BPR strategies in the telecommunication companies in Kenya. The study was anchored on the following theories, Resource-Based, the Open Systems and Stakeholder. The study used a descriptive cross sectional research design targeting thirty five telecommunication firms in Kenya. Data was collected through structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established that most of Telecommunication companies have used various BPR strategies such as Teleconferencing technologies, computerized performance measurement and reporting system, shared Information Technology infrastructure and computerized procurement system. Findings show that after BPR implementation the telecommunications firms were able to increase efficiency of customer service, quality of products and workforce, elimination of non-value adding process, reduction in inspection time, moving time and waiting/queuing time. The study recommends that Telecommunication companies should fully automate their operations besides replacing obsolete technology equipment with modern ones. BPR efforts should be implemented in the most effective manner through sound management and leadership; this is because top management commitment, support, championship, sponsorship, and effective management of risks are the most noticeable managerial practices that seem to directly influence the success of BPR execution. The study recommends that most companies should be cautious when re-engineering in order to avoid downsizing without figuring out how to reduce the workload

Key words: Business Process Reengineering, Telecommunication companies, management support, employee commitment, IT infrastructure

Strategic practices and organizational performance of building services contracting in Kenya: a case study of Allied Plumber Limited Ogeto Evans Omari1 and Thiong'o Samuel Mungai2 1. MBA student, The Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. Email; [email protected], 2. Tutorial Fellow, The Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. Email; [email protected]..

Abstract

This study seeks to examine the significance, roles and contributions of Strategic practices of organizational performances of building services contracting, a case study of Allied Plumbers Limited. The Objectives are Identify the importance of strategic Infrastructure, examine influence of strategic human resource management, establish strategic procurement contribution, and determine strategic technology contributions. Descriptive research design will be used, with purposive sampling procedure used in selecting sample from target population. The researcher is targeting 49 respondents a sample size of 50% selected drawn from planning and finance, human resource and administration, procurement, engineering and operations, tendering and contracts, and Site and construction departments of Allied Plumbers limited. The researcher seeks to find out the significance, roles and contributions of strategic practices on performance of building services contracting and give recommendation thereof.

Key words: Strategic Infrastructure, Human resource management, Procurement, and Technology.

16 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership Influence of services cape on employee performance in commercial banks in Kenya: the moderating role of employee motivation: a survey of Mombasa County. Gulam hussein, A1*. Kanyanjua, D2. 1. Master Candidate, Management and Leadership, The Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. 2. Lecturer, The Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya *Corresponding Author

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to analyse the influence of servicescape on employee performance in commercial banks in Kenya by conducting a survey in Mombasa County. The study adopted a correlational design. The target population of the study comprised of all individuals in employment with commercial banks based in Mombasa County. Random sampling was employed in constituting the sample since it enables inclusion of all the categories of commercial banks. A sample size consisting of 150 respondents was selected who were drawn from all the three bank tiers and from various departments of their respective bank including operations, customer service, relationship, cash, sales, credit, cards, treasury and trade finance department. The primary data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. To help in the determination of the relationship between servicescape and employee performance, a regression model was used. The study found out that commercial banks largely put in place measures to ensure ambient working conditions, good spatial layout and adopted the use of signage to a large extent. The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between servicescape and employee performance such that 11.7% of variations in employee performance is expressed by variations in spatial layout, ambient conditions and signage. Further, the study also found out that employee motivation moderates the relationship between servicescape and employee performance. The researcher recommends that managers of commercial banks should find mechanisms of improving the initiation and use of servicescape dimensions. This is because banks are often the focus of the public and hence must provide a good servicescape to attract them into banking, besides improving market share. The researcher also recommends that the commercial banks should understand the need to create an effective servicescape elements such as ambient condition, space function, sign, symbols and artifacts.

Key Words: Servicescape, Employee Motivation, Employee Performance, Spatial Layout, Ambient Conditions, Signage

Effects of Product Costing on the Market Performance of Manufacturing Firms Listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange Charles Njure Kimondo1*, Dr. Joshua MatandaWepukhulu2 , PhD and Dr. Oluoch Oluoch3, PhD 1. Post Graduate student, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya 2. Lecturer Department of Accounting and Finance, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya 3. Lecturer Department of Accounting and Finance, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya *Email Address of the Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Turbulent business environment has constrained the businesses to achieve their desired performance results resulting to decline in performance for most of the listed firms in Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE).The empirical research on Management Accounting (MA) practices is also inadequate and studies linking MA practices and organizational performances are inadequate therefore conducting an empirical analysis on effects of MA practiceson market performance would be necessary for this research. Manufacturing companies have lost their market share. This may be attributed to unforeseen circumstances. Manufacturing companies have all been struggling to survive because of the unstable unfavourable business environment and increasing cost of operations. Manufacturing companies issued profit warning for the year ending 31st December 2016, they have also shut down their manufacturing plant and some have relocated to China and India for manufacturing of their products. Production capacity of manufacturing companies have dropped drastically and had to close their local manufacturing plant. According to the audited financial statements companies which are all listed in the NSE have all reported enormous operating losses during this study period. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of Product costing on performance of listed manufacturing companies in Nairobi Securities Exchange.The study sought to establish the influence of product costingon market performance of manufacturing firms listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange.The contextual scope of the study was listed manufacturing companies at the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. The research study used secondary data in the analysis. The study examined panel data of 13 listed manufacturing firms from 2006-2015. The study focused on this period because majority of manufacturing firms performed dismally due to increased global competition causing public outcry. The study is underpinned by

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 17 the following theories contingency theory, porter's competitive advantage theory, resource based view (RBV) theory and kaizen costing model. The study employed both longitudinal and cross sectional research design. The study's target population included 13 listed manufacturing companies in Nairobi securities exchange. A census survey was done. The current study relied on secondary data sources for the period between year 2006 and year 2015 that was collected from Nairobi Securities Exchange and in the annual reports of individual companies' that was obtained from their websites and head offices. The study used panel data that was collected from the audited financial statements of the quoted manufacturing companies in Nairobi securities exchange. Multivariate regression analysis revealed product costing had a negative and significant effect on market performance .The study concluded that manufacturing firms that employed product costing as a management accounting practice gained a competitive advantage over their counterparts. Based on the findings, the study recommended that all listed manufacturing firms should adopt product costing as a management accounting practice to enhance their market performance.

Keywords: Management accounting practices, market performance, product costing

Socio-economic determinants influencing consumer choice for Motor vehicles in Kenya: a case of Toyota Kenya Osoro Jared Nyaema & Brown Kitur

Abstract

The overall study objective was to explore the socio-economic determinants influencing consumer choices in motor vehicles industry with regard to Toyota Kenya. The study was guided by the following specific objectives;to determine how pricing affects consumer choice on motor vehicle at Toyota Kenya and to establish how branding affects the consumer; the researcher used descriptive survey research design in collecting the data from respondents. The target population were consumers from Toyota Kenya. The researcher applied the procedure of stratified random sampling for selecting a sample which represented the wholepopulation. The size of the sample of this research was 70 respondents which represented 10% of the population size. The researcher applied both primary and secondary sources in collecting data. The study carried a pretest for purposes of increasing the instrument reliability and validity. Data analysis involved qualitative and quantitative analysis. Data presentation was in form of Bar graphs, Pie-charts and Tables. Qualitative data was provided in form of explanatory notes. The study established that pricing influenced the choice of Toyota model the respondent was using. The study established that branding influenced customer choice of the model. The study concludes that pricing and branding had a significant effect on consumer choice of motor vehicles. The study recommends that Motor vehicle companies in Kenya must adopt better pricing strategies that will help them in persuade customers to buy their vehicle model. To increase their market, share and increase customer loyalty the study recommends that motor vehicle companies to come up with brands that will strongly influence the consumer choice of their brand.

Key Words; Socio-Economic Determinants, Pricing, Branding, Consumer Choice.

18 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership SUB-THEME 5: EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Organizational Innovativeness and Firm Performance of Vehicle Selling Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) in Kenya: A Case Study of Eureka Motors Peter Paul Kithae1 1. Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship, Management University of Africa

Abstract

The role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in economic development and employment creation has occupied most of the discussions among government, policy makers, academicians, researchers, scholars and economists globally. This study investigated the effect of innovative processes that Kenyan SMEs employ on their firm performance. The study's major objectives were to find out how product innovation affects performance of medium enterprises in Kenya, to assess the extent to which process innovation affect performance of medium enterprises in Kenya and to investigate how market innovation affect performance of medium enterprises in Kenya. Findings from the study are expected to aid the government in formulating good policies to assist the SME sector, assist practicing entrepreneurs to perfect their business operations and enable academicians and researchers to find new knowledge to rely on while conducting further research on the SME sector. The study adopted cross sectional design which seek to establish the relationship between innovative processes and firm performance over the five years' period (2013 to 2018), and collected primary data usinginterview guide administered on two focus group discussions (one made of the owner manager and two employees and the other made of 7 customers). From the findings, the study realised that the firm is a sole proprietorship formed over ten years ago and that its Profits have not been stable; sometimes the firm is forced to close down due to shortage of cars or lack of funds and at times cars are sold cheaply due to cash flow problems. It concluded that the firm has been implementing all the three innovative processes in different ways and that their individual costs vary according to circumstances. Among recommendations is that the firm should continue doing product innovations; and subcontract for parts not implementable immediately as their effects are very beneficial to firm performance

Key words: Firm performance, Innovative processes, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES)

Strategic planning and change management in telecommunication industry in Kenya: case study of Telkom Kenya *1Divinah Rachel Nyaera &2 Dr. Washington Okeyo, Ph.D 1. Master of Management and Leadership, Management University of Africa 2. Vice-Chancellor, Management University of Africa

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of strategic planning on change management in the telecommunication industry with the specific reference to Telkom Kenya Ltd. The study was anchored on Contingency Planning Theory. The target population was 1450 employees of Telkom Kenya. Stratified proportional sampling was used to get a suitable sample of 145 respondents and the study adopted a descriptive research design. Questionnaires were the main data collection tool and they were pilot tested on 15 staff at Telkom Thika branch before being administered to the target audience. Analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 24. Descriptive statistics, specifically, means, averages and percentages were used to analyse individual variables. Simple tabulations were used to presented descriptive statistics. This study also used inferential statistics to examine the relationship between the study variables. Data was analysed using quantitative methods through regression analysis and presentation of data was in form of tables and figures. The study established that strategic planning has significant effect on change management. Specifically, the findings indicate that strategic planning and change management are positively and significantly related (r= 0.658, p<0.01). This study concluded that strategic planning plays an important role in change management such that change in the strategic planning results in positive variation in change management. The study recommended that, Telkom Kenya should treat strategic planning in the organization as one of the critical survival factors when implementing changes.

Keywords: Strategic Planning, Change Management, Telecommunication Industry, Telkom Kenya.

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 19 Student Online Learning Survey – Missing the Hidden Curriculum Dr. Michael Greisamer1, PhD 1. Kobe City University of Foreign Studies, Kobe, Japan; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

During the spring of 2020 all Japanese Universities for the first time began either partially or fully to teach classes online. This sudden change in the way students are taught created a new style of learning, for them as much as the teachers, and as such an investigation into the effects of these changes have been either positive or negative. The implementation of online learning has the potential to substitute or supplement traditional language teaching far beyond the initial purpose; the safety of staff and pupils via social distancing. This presentation focuses on an anonymous survey given to learners about their applicability to embrace, or otherwise, the online learning experience and what effect it has had on their learning in general. Students are asked about their experiences and what gave them the most and least apprehension after their first semester online. The results indicate that the students accept the situation yet would rather be back to on-campus teaching with face to face classes. This includes the “Hidden Curriculum” benefit that student are missing that involve relationship building and social skills. Unfortunately, at least for the next semester students will be online again. Henceforth, effective strategies to relive stress and make the most of online learning will be discussed.

Keywords: Online learning , Anxiety, Student satisfaction, Survey

To determine how motivation and employee performance affect parastatals in Kenya: a case study of the Postal Corporation of Kenya Moriasi Edna Bonareri1 and David Kanyanjua2 1. Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 2. Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.

Abstract

The management of a corporate invests in motivating employees so as to improve their performance. The main purpose of the study was to determine how motivation affects employee performance in parastatals in Kenya, a case study of the Postal Corporation of Kenya. The study was anchored on Hertzberg's two factor theory and Equity theory. The research adopted a descriptive research. The target population was 536 employees of PCK from which a sample of 107 employees was selected using stratified random sampling method. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire. The research used package for social sciences (SPSS) computer package for analysis. Regression analysis was used in determining the influence of motivation on employee performance. The findings were presented in the form of tables and figures. The study found out that if employees are motivated, their performance will be high. The inferential results on effect of employee motivation on employee performance show R=0.697 indicating a strong positive correlation and R2=0.486 and there was a significant effect between employee motivation on employee performance. (t=9.726, p<0.05). From the study results it was concluded that employee motivation increases the employee morale and thus increases performance. Training of the staff also has a higher role as a motivator in influencing employee productivity in the Postal Corporation of Kenya.

Key words: Employee motivation, Employee performance, Parastatals, Performance Evaluation, Working Conditions.

20 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership Anatomy of Asset Pricing: Single-Factor, Multi-Factor, Arbitrage and Behavioural Asset Pricing Models Abwao Geofrey Magani1* and Magani Robert Ochieng2 1. Abwao Geofrey Magani; Email: [email protected]; 2. Magani Robert Ochieng, School of Business, University of Nairobi, Kenya: E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding Author: E:mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This paper reviews the development of asset pricing from Bernoulli (1738) first account of decision making under uncertainty and other ancient contributions in finance literature to the contemporary multi-factor and behavioural advances in asset pricing. The paper presents the historical development of asset pricing and derivative valuation based on the ancient literature in economics and modern financial economics on risk-return trade-off, as well as the emergence of factor models, arbitrage and behavioural asset pricing. The paper is based on an empirical review of asset pricing models in account of the chronological development with emphasis on arbitrage, single factor, multifactor and behavioural models. Besides, development of major models of asset pricing literature in which equilibrium analysis, variance optimization and no-arbitrage arguments have been eminent are reviewed. Capital asset pricing model is analysed besides the multi-factor models of asset pricing which are presented chronologically. The review accounts for the gradual shift from emphasis on market environment, valuation of individual securities and derivatives during the ancient times to the contemporary methodologies for multi-period, multi-factor and behavioural valuation of diversified assets with diverse risk-return potentials. The paper also presents a critique of various facets of asset pricing dynamics from factor models, arbitrage and behavioural asset pricing in relation to investment decisions based on the risk-return trade-off. Various approaches to securities pricing and asset valuation that influence market microstructure and investment decisions are reviewed taking note of the factor models and behavioural perspectives that continue to ellicit the discourse in the theory and practice of asset pricing. In particular, scholarly works of researchers and critiques of the factor models which are applied to securities pricing and valuation including multi-factor and behavioural asset pricing dynamics are reviewed. Nonetheless, the review shows interminable criticisms and debate on the appropriate securities pricing considerations, approach and decision model. Whereas this review recommends adoption of dynamic secirities pricing approach based on market-specific factors, conditions and circumstances, innovation and research advances should seek to overcome the challenges and weakness associated with factor-based and behavioural asset pricing models.

Keywords: Asset Pricing; CAPM; ICAPM; CCAPM; Three-Factor Mode; Four-Factor Model; Five-Factor Model; Six- Factor Model; Behavioural Asset Pricing

Strategy Implementation and Performance of Energy Sector Institutions John M. Odhiambo1*, Dr. Nicholas K. Letting2, PhD, Prof. Wainaina Gituro3, PhD *1. Management and Leadership, School of Management and Leadership, Nairobi, Kenya; E-mail: [email protected] 2. Management University of Africa/ KASNEB, Nairobi, Kenya 3. Department of Business Administration, School of Business, University of Nairobi, Kenya * Corresponding author

Abstract

The business environment is characterized by turbulence, unpredictability, and ever-changing circumstances. This compels organisations to revisit their strategic planning in order to adjust to the dynamic and complex environment that is ever changing. Strategy implementation is a highly complex and interactive process and the success in strategy implementation depends crucially on the human or people side of project management, and less on organization and systems related factors. Most organizations do not report good performance outcomes because the organizations and their managers forget the vital role of strategy implementation. Strategy implementation is a connecting loop between formulation and control. Implementing strategies require the identification of the gap in skills and figure out how to bring those skills into the organization. The concept and practice of implementing strategies has been embraced worldwide and across various sectors because of its perceived contribution to organizational effectiveness and improvement in performance by organizations. The process of implementing strategy involves aligning key organizational functions or factors with the chosen strategy. This paper sought to establish the relationship between strategy implementation and organizational performance. The population consisted of 68 institutions under the energy sector. The paper employed census method by including all the 68 institutions in the study. Data was collected by use of questionnaires. The paper employed both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22). The study used both inferential and descriptive statistics. This paper found that the relationship between strategy

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 21 implementation and performance is statistically significant. The paper recommends that future studies could be done on other sectors other than energy and compare the similarities and differences that will be established in these sectors. The paper also recommends future studies should consider introducing different study variables in establishing the relationship between strategy implementation and performance.

Keywords: Strategy implementation, Organizational performance, Leadership, Structure, Responsibility and Accountability, Culture

Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Post secondary Faculty Michael Parrish1 1. Lecturer, Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan and an MBA student at Management University of Africa

Abstract

The nature of academic employment is changing worldwide due to shifting modalities and business models in education. The increase of for-profit schools, and distance learning has led to changes in the ways tenured faculty are utilized. Tenured faculty are being replaced by full-time contract positions, visiting professorships, or increased reliance on adjunct faculty across all types of departments, disciplines, and institutions. In 1975, 57% of university faculty in the United States were tenured, while 30% were adjunct (Ubach, 2007). Currently, the American Federation of Teachers estimates that less than 30% of faculty are tenured or tenure-track, with 50% working as adjuncts, and 20% on full-time, non-tenured contracts (Yakoboski, 2015). This study focuses on human resources issues related to international faculty at Japanese universities. The human resource of instructors, in tandem with physical components such as classrooms and libraries, is the most important component in the education industry. As Peter Drucker (2004) states “No organization can do better than the people it has” (p. 117). While employee satisfaction is important in most businesses, in education the teacher satisfaction is paramount in ensuring student success (customer satisfaction), dissatisfaction can seep into the classroom and negatively impact student learning. This study uses survey data to gauge the work satisfaction of international faculty at colleges and universities as a result of the professional working conditions they encounter and how they deal with those issues within a changing profession.

Keywords: Work Satisfaction, Human Resources Management, University Instructors

Factors influencing implementation of performance contracting in Kenyan public Universities: a case study of Murang'a University of Technology Sarah Christine Gacheri1&Geoffrey Magani2

Abstract

This research was conducted to explore the factors affecting Kenyan Public Universities execution of performance contracting. To establish this, the study focused on the determinants of implementation of performance contracting which include; performance appraisal system, stakeholders' involvement, staff training and organizational structure. Chapter one of the study was mainly based on the background information of the implementation of performance contracting of government employees and particularly employees in Murang'a University of Technology. The study was to establish the problem behind poor implementation of performance contracting and poor delivery of services by government employees. The research aimed at attaining the following aims: to identify the influences of performance appraisal system on implementation of performance contracting, to investigate the influences of stakeholders' involvement on implementation of performance contracting, to find out the influences of staff training on implementation of performance contracting, to assess the influences of organizational structure on implementation of performance contracting. The study adopted a case study research design to target both technical staff and administrative staff. The study targeted 127 employees from Murang'a University of Technology. A sample size of 39 employees was considered after employing stratified sampling method. To select the respondent from each stratum, a simple random sampling method was used. This gave the respondent in each stratum an equal chance of being selected. The study used questionnaires as the research instrument to help collect data. The findings were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Graphs, tables and pie charts were used to present frequencies and percentages. Tables were used to present the data. Since qualitative data was also generated and analyzed by use of themes and categories. The study concludes that most respondents indicated that implementation of performance contracting was highly influenced by factors such as performance appraisal system, stakeholders' involvement, staff

22 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership training and training. The respondents indicated that for the department to realize the desired levels of performance, then the relationship between these variables need to be given the attention they deserve. The study recommends that the institutions' management should seek information on the influences of performance appraisal system, stakeholders' involvement, staff training and training. There is a need for systems and methods to be put in place to cater for the four elements. This is because the four elements work individually and in conjunction to influence implementation of performance contracting as evidenced by the findings from the research study. If Murang'a University of Technology would invest more on four elements by expanding their efficiency, it would be very welcoming and would improve implementation of performance contracting.

Key words: performance contracting, Murang'a University of Technology, Public Universities.

Psychosocial challenges facing University student leaders at Universities in Kenya Daniel Maina Komu1, Ndururi Gitari2 1. Dean of Students, The Management University of Africa; E-mail: [email protected] 2. PhD Candidate, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology; E-mail of corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to establish the psychosocial challenges facing university student leaders at universities in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design with a sample size of seventy six (76) student leaders from various public and private universities in Kenya. Questionnaires were used in collection of data. Findings revealed that the major psychosocial challenges facing student leaders were: conflict involving the need for academic pursuit and the pursuit for leadership; lack of teamwork and support from students, inadequacy in students understanding of university policies and statutes and lack of support from university management. Through correlation analysis, psychosocial challenges had a significant prediction of student leadership. Further, the regression weight for psychosocial challenges was significant. The study concluded that psychosocial challenges had a significant influence on student leadership. The study recommended that the management of Kenyan universities should proactively identify and solve the psychosocial challenges facing university students. This is crucial for enhancement of a mutually harmonious atmosphere in universities in Kenya.

Keywords: Psychosocial challenges, Student leadership

Influence of employee motivation on performance of public Universities in Kenya: a casestudy of Moi University, Nairobi Campus. Moses Leseiyo1, Dr. Thomas Ngui (PhD)2 1. Management University of Africa, P.O Box 29677-00100, Nairobi Kenya; E-mail: [email protected]. 2. Management University of Africa, P.O Box 29677-00100 Nairobi Kenya; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Every organization exists to achieve certain goals. These goals are achieved through the efforts of employees. It is therefore, vital for every organization to know the factors that can possibly affect performance and work towards improving these factors so that performance is enhanced. The general objective of the study was to examine the influence of employee motivation on performance of public universities in Kenya, a case study of Moi University, Nairobi Campus. Specifically the study sought to determine the effect of staff training, employee remuneration and career development on performance of Moi University, Nairobi Campus. The study used a descriptive case study research design. The study population was 200 staff from Moi University; Nairobi Campus. A representative sample of 70 staff was drawn from this population using stratified random sampling. The study used questionnaire as a tool to collect the required data. The research used statistics package for social sciences (SPSS) computer package software for analysis. The data was interpreted using descriptive statistics through frequencies, percentages and regression analysis. The findings revealed that staff training offered was relevant to developing employee skills, and this was ultimately aimed at improving organizational performance. The findings also revealed that remuneration significantly influences employees' attitude that ultimately influences their performance which also improves organizational performance. The study findings also established that career development was relevant to ensure employees are advance in their careers, and this ultimately led to improved organizational performance. The study recommends that Moi University should embark on continuous training programme for the staff, provide better terms of compensation and provide an avenue for career progression.

Keywords: Career Development, Employee Remuneration, Organizational Performance, Staff Training.

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 23 Influence of lecturers' preparedness on examination setting techniques and quality of examinations in public Universities in Kenya. Domeniter, N. K1*., Adhiambo, J. M.2, Mwalwa, S. M.3, &Waweru, J. C.4 1. Kathula Naomi Domeniter , PhD Candidate, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa. 2. Adhiambo, J. M, Senior Lecturer, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa. 3. Dr. Shem N. Mwalw'a,Lecturer, he Catholic University of Eastern Africa. 4. Waweru, J. C. *Corresponding Author; email: [email protected]

Abstract

This study sought to examine the influence of lecturers' preparedness on examination setting techniques and quality of examinations in public Universities in Kenya. The study also examined the influence of university standards and guidelines on the relationship between lecturers' preparedness on setting examinations and quality of examinations. The study used the concurrent triangulation research design of mixed method which combines phenomenological research design for qualitative data and cross- sectional survey research design for quantitative data. Both probability and non-probability sampling techniques were used to select the sample for the study. A total of 242 respondents were involved in the study. Qualitative data were organized into themes to make meaningful conclusions of the study. The study found a statistically significant relationship between lecturers' preparedness and quality of examinations. It was found out that the lecturers were not frequently trained on techniques of setting examinations. The trainings were neither properly scheduled, planned nor budgeted for. The study therefore recommended that the Ministry of Education should provide finances to train the university's academic staff on the importance of lecturers' preparedness on examinations setting and its effect on quality of examinations. This study focused only on public universities. Therefore there should be a study done on the same covering the private universities.

Keywords: Lecturers' Preparedness, Quality of Examination, Public Universities.

Moderating effect of university standards and guidelines on the relationship between administrative procedure of setting examination and quality of examinations in public universities in Kenya Kathula Naomi Domeniter1*, Dr. Jacinta M. Adhiambo2 &Dr. Shem N. Mwalw'a3 1. PhD Candidate, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa 2. Senior Lecturer, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa 3. Lecturer, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa *Corresponding Author's email: [email protected]

Abstract

University examinations play a significant role in evaluating the teaching and learning process. However, there is a widespread perception that the quality of examinations in Universities in Kenya is declining. This study sought to critically examine the influence of university standards and guidelines on the relationship between administrative procedure of setting examination and quality of examinations in public universities in Kenya. It used the mixed method research design specifically the concurrent triangulation research design. It combined phenomenological research design for qualitative data and cross-sectional survey research design for quantitative data. The researcher purposively sampled 5 universities from the 31 public universities in Kenya. The study sampled 242 respondents. Questionnaires, interview guides, interview schedule and document analysis were used to collect data. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented inform of frequencies tables, graphs, mean, standard deviations and inferential statistics by conducting a correlation and multiple regression. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. University standards and guidelines were found to influence the relationship between administrative procedures of setting examinations and quality of examinations. Lecturers were not frequently trained on techniques of setting examinations. The study recommends that university administration should provide funds to train the academic staff on administrative procedures and guidelines of setting examinations according to CUE guidance in order to improve the quality of examinations.

Key words: University Standards and Guidelines, Administrative Procedure, Public Universities and Kenya.

24 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership SUB-THEME 6:
POLITICS OF FOOD SECURITY

Political Environment, Policy Framework and Food Security in Kenya: Demystifying the Politics of Food Security Situationships. Ann Kirigo Mwangi1, Faith Keitany Jematia2, and Gladys Nafula Mabonga3 1. Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya; E-mail: [email protected] 2. Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya; E-mail: [email protected]. 3. Management University of Africa,Nairobi, Kenya; Email: [email protected]

Abstract

This study is a review aimed at understanding how Kenyan politics have impacted upon Kenya's food security status. According to the Global Hunger Index 2018, Kenya still has “serious levels of hunger” with a score of 23.2 and a ranking of 77 out of 119 countries. The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a tool designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Kenya prides itself as an agriculturally rich country with agriculture being Kenya's greatest contributor to its GDP. Despite this however, Kenya is still in the ranks of food insecure countries. The objective of this study is thus to understand how political stability impacts food security and to understand what policies have been formulated in alignment to Goal 2 of Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs): ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture. The study is thus aimed at creating awareness of the struggles of hunger among Kenyans and offering recommendations on what can be done to ensure food security for the Kenyan population. Desktop research will be used in carrying out the study. The study will help to increase commitment and resources dedicated to ending hunger in Kenya thus achieving Zero hunger by 2030.

Keywords: Political environment, policy framework, food security, food security situationships.

Strategic management practices and sustainability of SME's agribusiness in Kenya: a survey of Githunguri Sub-County Prof. Emmanuel Awuor¹,² and Lucy Gachuhi³ 1. Senior Lecturer and Academic Leader, MML Programme, School of Management and Leadership, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 2. Research Fellow, College of Economics and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa. 3. Post graduate student, School of Management and Leadership, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to establish the effect of strategic management practices in sustainability of Agribusiness by small scale farmers in Githunguri Sub - County. Agriculture is a pillar and the economy's backbone in most of the developing countries like Kenya, it helps to create job opportunities for the citizens and this assists in the growth of rural development. Despite the growing populations in developing countries, the agricultural sector continues to perform poorly and the majority of people engaged in agriculture remain in poverty. To achieve a sustainable agricultural sector, new strategies must be developed to holistically address the challenges preventing growth. The overall objective of this study was to establish the effect of strategic management in sustainability of Agribusiness by small-scale farmers in Kenya with a general focus on Githunguri Sub - County. Specifically, the study examined the effects of strategic human resource in performance of Agribusiness in Githunguri, established the effects of using technology strategies on Agribusiness performance, determined the effects of strategic supply chain management practices on Agribusiness performance and also established the effects of financial management on Agribusiness performance in Githunguri .The study adopted a conceptual framework underpinned by Modern Portfolio Theory, Agency Theory, and Resource- Based Value Theory. The study target population was 12,170 SME farmers in Githunguri Sub- County. Descriptive research design was used to investigate the variables, the study also used stratified random sampling and adopted Fisher's scientific formula to determine the sample size of 96 farmers in Githunguri Sub- County. The Pilot study had 84 Questionnaires. Questionnaires used to collect data offered both qualitative and quantitative data which was key for the data analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed by SPSS version 24.0. Thereafter, inferential statistics such as correlation and regression were carried out to determine the existing relationship between the study variables. The correlation analysis helped to determine the magnitude and the nature of the relationship between the variables. The study recommended improvement of Human Resource strategies by building

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 25 capacity of the farmers, use of technology modern farming methods, improvement of supply chain for maximum value addition and sound financial management planning and controls. Both the National Government and County Government need to legislate and come up with better agribusiness policies so as to ensure agribusiness sustainability.

Key words: Agri-business, Githunguri Sub-County, Subsistence farmers

Provisional and preventive social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods. A case study of Inua Jamii programme, Kisumu County. Agwa Edwin Onyango1 and Juster Gatumi Nyaga2 1. A Student Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 2. Lecturer, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the Effects of Social Protection Fund Approaches on Sustainable livelihoods in Kisumu County, Kenya. This study employed survey research design with the population of 135 respondents.This study was guided by the following research objectives; to establish the effects of provisional social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods in Kenya,to determine the effects of preventive social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods in Kenya Data were sampled using Stratified purposive sampling. Under this study, data were collected and analyzed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation) Descriptive statistics include those of the mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution which shows the normal execution of a gathering on some proportion of a variable. Questionnaire, interview guide were the main tools for collecting data. This study found that provisional social protection, preventive social protection, promotional social protection and transformative social protection fund had a significant effect on sustainable livelihoods in Kisumu County, Kenya. This study concluded that there are higher expectations related to dependency syndrome among those who would otherwise be able to wean off the programme. Additionally, the study concluded that the goal of sustainable livelihoods faces the problems such as: of inadequate financial knowledge, lack of harmony between national and county government social services operations around safety nets programmes as well as conflict of interests among local leaders. This study recommended that, implementation of policies in a multimodal way to bridge gaps and strengthen collaboration between all actors at all government levels countrywide, adequate staffing to attract and retain/replace skilled personnel as well as scale up information, communications and education on social programmes and other government social economic policies for improved population positive public participation and desired impact devoid of political activities.

Key Words: Prevention, provision, Social Protection Fund, Sustainable livelihoods

Perspectives on Gender Roles in Enhancing Food Security in Kenya's Drylands Charles Ikutwa1 and Geoffrey Magani2 1. Practitioner in Agriculture, Environment & Rural Development; Email: [email protected] 2. Junior Research Fellow, Management University of Africa Nairobi, Kenya; Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Gender roles are indispensable in improving quality of life, food production and addressing food and nutrition security issues. Sustainable agriculture and economic growth is undermined by limited appreciation of gender roles in implementation of strategies towards realization of food security. Notably, the input of women in food production and value addition often goes unnoticed and often remaining hidden because of societal hindrances. This review paper examines the contemporary perspectives on gender roles in enhancing food security in Kenya's drylands especially before and during the CoVID-19 crisis to inform post-pandemic policy, strategy and action. The review justifies the need for gender mainstreaming in distribution and uptake of both subsistence and commercial roles in agricultural value chains towards enhancing food and nutrition security. However, overreliance on rainfall, poor agronomic practices and recurrent drought are reported to inhibit the realization of the full potential of sustainable agricultural production and consumption. This implies the need to promote gender mainstreaming in policy and decision making on food security and nutrition issues including; resource use and allocation, value addition to major food crops, adoption of sustainable agricultural practices and post-harvest strategies, empowerment of women through agricultural education, extension and linkage services and creation of awareness on opportunities and women's rights in the food security value chains both during and post- CoVID-19 crisis period.

Keywords: Food security, Drylands, gender roles, empowerment of women, climate change

26 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership SUB-THEME 7 - GENDER, LEGAL CAPACITIES AND JURISPRUDENCE

Factors Affecting Women Career Mobility: A Case of Machakos Water and Sewerage (K) Limited Dr. Thomas KatuaNgui1 and JusterNyaga2 1. Senior Lecturer, The Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya; E-mail: [email protected] 2. Dean, SML, management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya; E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the factors affecting women career mobility. The study was done at Machakos Water and Sewerage Company Limited. A population of 100 employees was targeted. The study will particularly benefit the policy makers at government level, scholars, women groups and other researchers. The study adopted a descriptive research design. A census of all the 100 respondents was used for the study. The data was collected using a questionnaire. After the data was collected it was analyzed using computer software programs particularly Ms Excel and SPSS. Means and percentages were also calculated in the analysis. The analyzed data was presented using tables and graphs with description of each been provided there after. The study found that education levels affect the career mobility of women. The study also found that culture generally and in particular organizational culture has a negative effect on the career mobility of women. The study concludes that family issues negatively affect the career mobility of women and that human resources management policies have very minimal effect on the career mobility of women. The study, therefore, concludes that culture, family issues, and education levels are the factors that affect the career mobility of women greatly. The study recommends that there should be public education of our communities in order to reduce and eliminate some retrogressive cultural practices that were found to have a very negative effect on the education of girls which in turn affects their ability to climb the ladder to senior positions. Such practices include early marriages and female genital mutilation among others.

Keywords: Career, Career Mobility, Culture, Organizational Culture, Gender, Legislation

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 27 SUB-THEME 8 - AUDIT AND FINANCIAL CAPACITIES AND ACCOUNTABILITY

Effect of financial innovations on organizational performance of Savings and Credit Cooperatives Societies: a case of Nakuru town, Nakuru County in Kenya Mercy Nyambura1 and Dr. John Cheluget2, PhD 1. Student, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 2. Ag. Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Management University of Africa, Nairobi,Kenya.

Abstract

Innovation is the continuous process of upgrading and employing new knowledge or the new combination of existing knowledge that is new to the local area. Financial innovations include institutional innovation, product innovation, and process innovation. Financial innovations provide easy access to accurate activities like disbursements, repayments, deposits, withdrawals, and money transfer. Savings and Credit Cooperatives Societies (SACCOS) are cooperatives which provide their members with convenient and secure means of saving money and obtaining credit at affordable interest rates. SACCOSs help members to develop through charging conducive interest rates that attract borrowers and paying interest rates that ensure that deposits are mobilized. Saccos are faced with a lot of challenges ranging from high taxation from the government, lack of capital and stiff competition from other financial institutions. The purpose of the study was to determine financial innovations on organizational performance of savings and credit cooperatives in Nakuru. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: To establish the influence of product innovations, institutional innovations and process innovations on organizational performance of savings and credit cooperatives in Nakuru town. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The study target population was 69 respondents who consisted of branch manager, operation manager and chief loan officer from 23 Deposit Taking Saccos in Nakuru town which had complied with The Sacco Societies Regulatory Authority (SASRA) regulations by December 2018. The researcher used structured questionnaire to collect data. Therefore the study sample size was 69 respondents. Primary data was gathered by use of closed questionnaire. A pilot-test was conducted in Eldoret Town where four (4) questionnaires were randomly distributed to department heads in 5 Saccos. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 statistical software. Presentation of the results was done in form of tables, charts and graphs which facilitate clear interpretation of results which assisted in drawing of the conclusions and recommendations. From the findings the researcher concludes that there should be a supervisory framework that monitors SACCOs. It was also concluded that innovations can be a source of competitive advantage if a firm understands customer needs, competitors' actions and technological development and act accordingly to stay at par or ahead of its rivals. From the conclusion the study recommends that in-order to enhance firm performance the management of microfinance ought to focus on the firm activities aligned towards renewing routines, procedures and processes in an innovative manner in a firm. The study also recommended that SACCOs ought to develop unique micro SACCO's products and other loan and service product in order to meet the rising demands of the poor and the marginalized who cannot afford the current packages offered by the institutions. The researcher suggested that further studies should also be conducted on factors affecting strategic planning among Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Nakuru County.

Keywords: Savings and Credit Cooperatives Societies, Automated Teller Machines, Real Time Gross Settlement, The Sacco Societies Regulatory Authority, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Electronic Record Keeping, Financial innovation, Organization performance, Front Office Service Activity (FOSA)

Relationship between risk management practices and the performance of Islamic Financial Institutions: a case study of the First Community Bank Elyas Ahmed Abdi 1& Dr. John Cheluget2, PhD 1. Student, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 2. Ag. Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to establish the relationship between risk management practices and the performance of Islamic Banks in Kenya, case of the first community bank (FCB). Particularly, the study sought to; establish the effects of risk identification, risk assessment, monitoring and evaluation and risk mitigation strategies on the performance of the first community

28 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership bank in Kenya. The target population for this study comprised of 18 branches of the first community bank in Kenya. The unit of analysis was the senior managers, middle level managers, supervisors and staff of the 10 branches of first community bank in Kenya. Descriptive research design was adopted and simple random sampling was used to select 322 employees from 10 branches of First Community Bank in Kenya. This study used primary data. Primary data was obtained from the original sources using a structured questionnaire. A Likert scale questionnaire was preferred as it makes it possible to convert responses into quantitative format for ease of data analysis using computer based software. A pilot study was undertaken on 5% of the sample population who were excluded in the final study. The questionnaire was subjected to overall reliability analysis of internal consistency. The data analysis output generated was inform of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The specific descriptive statistics included percentages and frequencies while the inferential statistics include correlation and a simple linear regression model. The regression of coefficients results revealed that risk identification was positively and significantly related to performance of FCB(r=0.115, p=0.000). Risk assessment was positively and significantly related to performance of FCB(r=0.130, p=0.000). Similarly, monitoring and evaluation was positively and significantly related to performance of FCB(r=0.161, p=0.000). Finally, risk mitigation was positively and significantly related to performance of FCB(r=0.128, p=0.000). From the findings the study concluded that on risk identification, risk assessment, monitoring and evaluation and risk mitigation strategy positively and significantly affect the performance of FCB. The study recommended that banks should recognize potential source of risks, probability of hazards factors occurrences, attention to risk potentials, embrace programs on risk identification and evaluate risk components on their operations. Banks should carry out risk based auditing, fraud risk assessment, and considers risk frequency on new ventures and ultimate consequences. Management should use monitoring tools in their operation, their program officers trained and skillful on monitoring and evaluation. Banks should collaborate with other financial players to avert risks, continuously improve its risk management strategies, set standards as part of their objectives and operate based on policies and procedures.

Keywords: Risk Management Practices, Performance, Risk Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Monitoring, Risk Mitigation, Monitoring and Evaluation, Statistical Package for Social Sciences

Factors affecting effective implementation of integrated financial management information systems in procurement by County Governments in Kenya: A case study of Embu County Government. Roseline Wawira Kanyi1and Geofrey Magani2

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to investigate factors affecting effective implementation of integrated financial management information systems (IFMIS) in procurement process in county governments in Kenya. The Specific Objectives of the study were: to find out how staff resistance affects the implementation of IFMIS at Embu County government, to assess how staff skills affects the implementation of IFMIS at Embu County government, to investigate how e-procurement affects the implementation of IFMIS at Embu County government and to assess how work politics affects the implementation of IFMIS at Embu County government. The National Treasury of Kenya introduced the Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS), as part of PFM reform initiatives aimed at automating and streamlining, Government's Financial Management processes and procedures. The research used a descriptive quantitative approach. The target population of this study will be the employees of the county government of Embu. Stratified random sampling was employed in the study. The researcher used structured questionnaires to collect data because they are simple to formulate and permit greater depth of response when a respondent is required to give a personal response in case of unstructured (open ended) and structured (close ended) questions. The data collected will be analyzed using excel tables, pie charts and graphs. The study that was carried out to establish the extent at which e-procurement affect the implementation of IFMIS at the county government of Embu. 48% of the respondents rated very high extent. 42% of the respondents rated staff resistance to be very high. This was an indication that the staff resisted the implementation of IFMIS since they knew they had to undertake various skills so as to enable them work with the IFMIS system. 83% of the respondents indicated that staff skills helped in implementation of IFMIS.The study concluded that IFMIS systems were complicated, expensive, difficult to manage and maintain. The success of any reforms boils down to the capacity of an institution to change, to manage the change and to survive whilst changing. The salary structure and terms of employment in the public sector are more often than not unable to compete at par with the private sector. The study recommends that the introduction of a new information system such as IFMIS fundamentally changes the way operations are carried out and, therefore, requires a carefully managed process in order to avert probable staff resistance. The scholars caution that the consultants need to be managed closely since they may be inclined towards pursuing their own interests to the detriment of the institution's IFMIS objectives.

Key words: Corporate governance standards as measure to combat ethical issues in Government institutions: a case study of Kenya Revenue Authority.

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 29 Robin Mariita Aondo1 1. PhD student, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya; Email: [email protected]

Abstract

In emerging economies, there are increased expectations from development partners, civil societies, business leaders, political leader, religious leaders and ordinary citizens that government institutions deliver higher standard of ethics and integrity in their operations as stipulated in the constitution 2010. In part this expectation is the result of better-focused media attention and public scrutiny, and increasing impatience by ordinary citizens and civil society, whose members want to see an end to the corrupt practices and systems of the past. Ambedkar and Ambedker (2016) define corporate governance as the set process, laws and policies that define the way an institution is controlled, directed an administered that may also include the relationship with other stakeholders and the goals for which an institution is governed. Ethics plays an important role that ensures better corporate management and good corporate governance. Ethical lapses and dilemmas are one of the root causes of many problems that corporate management is facing today. There are reasons why KRA never met its revenue targets and revenue collected has never surpassed the target set aside by the commission is ethical issues attributed to the Kenyan tax system. This study main aim was to establish the effects of corporate governance standards as measure to combat ethical issues in government institutions a case study of Kenya revenue authority. The study was anchored on stewardship theory and resource-based theory while the study variables are ethical code of conduct, the legal framework and EACC strategies. The study used a quantitative research approach where questionnaires with close-ended questions were used. This study's research design was cross-sectional and correlational. Operational questionnaires were received from 121 senior and middle level managers at KRA, data were analysed with the help of SPSS v24.0. The study established that ethical code of conduct is significant in shaping corporate governance standards the overall model was significant and implies that ethical code of conduct is significant measure to combat ethical issues and finally the legal framework has significant influences in combating ethical issues as well strategies adopted by EACC. The study has linked ethical code of conduct, the legal framework, EACC strategies and corporate governance. KRA have been taking a keen interest to understand ethical issues to determine their level of corporate governance and therefore potential ethical liabilities. The study recommends that KRA should do more in implementing reforms on corporate governance and for instance publicize of prosecution of corrupt individuals and institutions, the available laws that are enacted to combat, and mitigate the effects of ethical issues however, enforcement of the laws are not been effective hence the need to complement the legal framework and EACC strategies with corporate governance standards.

Key Words: Corporate Governance, Ethical Issues, Corporate Governance Standards, Ethics Standards, Government

Social capital status and youth empowerment in Kenya Kimali J.F Mutuku1 1. Lecturer, Technical University of Mombasa (TUM). Mombasa, Kenya.

Abstract

Rapid increase in number of Youth has become a global phenomenon including Kenya. In Kenya, the rising trend of the youth presents a number of challenges for both the youth and the country although the Youth represent the most abundant asset Kenya at present and also in future. However there have been a considerable number of surveys conducted and reports and studies published that invariably conclude that there are persistent risks and challenges faced by Kenyan youth if left unattended. While the youth are, and will remain, a significant share of Kenya's population for the foreseeable future, the development and implementing appropriate strategies, policies and programs to mitigate the risks and challenges they (the youth) face must be given priority for the government than it currently is. Any failure to provide appropriate intervention for this large segment of the population could have enormous economic, political, cultural, and social consequences. Enhancing the productive capacity of the youth population is no longer a choice but an imperative in the development process. This paper advocates for strategies for addressing the youth empowerment via social capital among other strategies. The growing interest in the “social capital” concepts and its ramifications for individual and community well-being and public policy is vital tool to unlock the potential for empowerment opportunities for the youth. Within youth empowerment strategies, social capital is the link between the youth and relevant contacts and networks in target organizations available to support and motivate the youth toward successful economic empowerment. Besides, social capital captures the effects of the reliability of information on the available opportunities and the ability to capitalize on the information to empower one self.

Keywords: Kenya, Youth, Empowerment, Social Capital

30 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership Factors influencing performance of Uwezo fund assisted Youth Projects in Migori County, Kenya Grace Otieno1 1. Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.

Abstract

This study sought to assess factors influencing performance of the Uwezo Fund assisted youth projects in Migori County in Kenya. The study sought to determine how the administration of the Uwezo Fund affects performance of its assisted youth projects and to establish how performance of projects affects performance of Uwezo Fund assisted youth projects in Migori County in Kenya. The study was based on social capital theory and Grameen banking framework. The study adopted descriptive research design with a target population of 99 Uwezo Fund beneficiaries representing 10% of the youth groups assisted by the fund in Rongo, Migori County. Primary data were collected by use of structured questionnaires which contained both open and closed ended questions and the data was analyzed using SPSS. The key findings of this study were as follows: the performance of the projects assisted by the fund, the study found out that a considerable number of respondents had managed to employ workers and increased their stock, however the high cost of doing business due to high taxes introduced by the county and national governments, poor state of infrastructure, inadequate electricity supply, inadequate knowledge of running enterprises and communication skills were some of the factors that affected the youth entrepreneurs. The study also found that the fund administration failed to train the entrepreneurs, offer internet services and was characterized by lack of professionalism, corruption and nepotism. The study recommends institutionalizing its structures that allows bottom up approach of leadership; people are given a chance to participate in creating rules and policies that govern SME growth and development.

Keywords: Uwezo Fund, administration, Performance of Uwezo Fund Assisted Youth Projects, devolution.

Factors affecting insurance claims payments in Kenya: a case study of ''a'' Assurance Company Limited. BensteinMutindaKitaka1 and Dr. John Cheluget2, PhD 1. Student, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 2. Ag. Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

Most of the insurance companies in Kenya are faced with challenges which affect claims payments and this explains why some insurance companies are placed under statutory management. For the case of ''A'' Assurance Company Limited the organization was placed under statutory in the year 2008 due to challenges of claims payments, this made customers to have a negative perception of the company due to previous experience they had. The process of claims management has to strike the balance between customer expectations and maintaining cost efficiency. The client expectation is to be paid without delays while the claims managers have to ascertain whether the claim is payable and the amount are correct. The claims manager relies on service providers such as assessors, garages, doctors, loss adjusters and investigators and the service providers might not attach the same priority to clients as the insurer that results from slow turnaround time complaints from customers. The main objective of the study was to determine factors affecting insurance claims payments in Kenya with specific objectives to determine how type of cover affect insurance claims at ''A'' Assurance Company Limited; to establish how underwriting affect insurance claims at ''A'' Assurance Company Limited; to determine how insurable interest affect insurance claims at ''A'' Assurance Company Limited and to determine how insurance pay-out affect insurance claims at ''A'' Assurance Company Limited. The study is anchored on expectancy theory and goal setting theory. This study adopted a descriptive research design with a target population of 120 employees at ''A'' Assurance Company Limited. Stratified proportionate sampling was used to get a suitable representative of the target population. This research study used questionnaires as the main data collection tool. The questionnaires were pilot tested before being administered to the target audience. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics. Specifically, means, averages and percentages were used in the study. The data analysis tools were simple tabulations and presentations of the report using spread sheets. The study established that type of cover affect insurance claims to a very great extent. The findings also show that underwriting claims has significant and positive influence on insurance claims. The study also found out that insurable interest affects insurance claims to a great extent and finally insurance pay-out influences insurance claims at ''A'' Assurance Company Limited to a great extent. The study concludes that the process of claims management has to strike the balance between customer expectations and maintaining cost efficiency. The client expectation is to be paid without delays while the claims managers have to ascertain whether the claim is payable and the amounts are correct.

Keywords: Association of Kenya Insurers, Insurance Institute of Kenya, Road Traffic Act, Insurance Regulatory Authority, Insurable Interest, Insurance Pay-Out, Insurance Cover, Underwriting

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 31 SUB-THEME 9 - INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATIONS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

A Critical Evaluation of Mergers and Acquisitions as Key to Organization's Strategic Development of Knowledge. Prof. Peter Paul Kithae, PhD1 1. Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.

Abstract

“Mergers and acquisitions are the key to an organization's strategic development of knowledge. The foregoing is a critical evaluation of the above statement using desk research to gather academic literature and current business examples on the topic. The paper critically evaluates the effect of knowledge utilization on entrepreneurial firm performance. It is organized under the sub headings of: importance of entrepreneurial organizations, organization's strategic planning, Mergers and acquisitions as strategies for organizational competitiveness, Knowledge acquisition through mergers and acquisitions, knowledge utilization as a driving tool for competitive advantage, critical analysis and conclusions and recommendations. From the analyses, it is clear that Mergers and acquisition arrangements are used for Knowledge acquisition and utilization as well as for creating and securing of new markets. Reduction of cost pressures and utilisation of economies of scale emerged as some of the other importance of mergers and acquisitions. The paper concludes that organisational knowledge is a strategic capability which if well managed would lead to “innovative products or processes, organisational profitability and competitiveness”; and recommends a balanced utilisation of the knowledge systems' key resources (people, processes and technology) for effectiveness

Keywords: Acquisition, Entrepreneurial firms, Innovation, Mergers

Virtual Exchange: New Learning Opportunities during the COVID-19 Crisis Mark Donnellan1 1. Special instructor of language, KwanseiGakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan

Abstract

Virtual exchange (VE) has become a widely-used medium for intercultural communication in recent years. It offers EFL/ESL learners the opportunity to interact with students from other cultures in preparation for, or in lieu of studying abroad. Additionally, with the advent of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, engaging in VE has become an invaluable way for students around the world to take advantage of the sudden shift to online learning. This presentation introduces a small-scale intercultural exchange between university students in Japan and Denmark. The presenter will first give a practical outline of the logistics and pedagogical aspects of the exchange. He will then present qualitative data based on student reflections and recordings of the exchanges. This data shows student perceptions of both the benefits and limitations of this form of exchange. In concluding the presentation, the presenter will discuss opportunities for students and teachers to engage in VE.

Keywords: Online learning, virtual exchange, intercultural tasks

32 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership SUB-THEME 10 - POLITICAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Organizational Politics and Performance of State Departments in Kenya Judith E. Bwonya1*, Prof. Martin Ogutu2, PhD, Dr. Washington O. Okeyo3, PhD 1. PhD Candidate, School of Management and Leadership, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 2. Professor of Management, Department of Business Administration, School of Business, University of Nairobi, Kenya 3. Vice-Chancellor and Senior Lecturer, School of Management and Leadership, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Organizational politics has been one of the popular subjects in industrial or organizational psychology due to its impact on organizational outcomes such as job dissatisfaction, turnover intent, disloyalty and lowered perceived innovation, as well as lowered job performance. Organizational politics arise in any organization due to power, influence, and self-interest among the employees. There is no doubt that organizational politics is a common practice at the work place in every organization. Due to the huge impact politics can have on decisions of all kinds and sizes, as well as organizational health and employee engagement, this paper focuses on the impact internal workplace politics has on individuals and organizations. Organizational politics is an elusive type of power relations in the workplace. It represents a unique domain of interpersonal relations, characterized by the active or passive engagement of people who engage in constant influence tactics and power struggles. These activities are frequently aimed at securing or maximizing personal interests or, alternatively, avoiding negative outcomes within the organization. Organizational politics can be beneficial for the employees and can be a threat to the carrier as well. For instance, most employees may want to avoid the rigorous structured chains of command that have been put in place by management for their own self- benefits and rewards, undermining the repercussions in the long run. Organizational politics result in negligent behavior and obstructive organizational performance. The negligent behavior and negative job attitudes of employees are likely to cause damage topositive organizational outcomes. Therefore, it is important to understand and evaluate the perceptions regarding organizational politics by studying its relationship with organizational performance. This paper reinforces that the management needs to understand the employee's perception about the organizational politics prevailing in their organizations and to therefore adopt strategies that would minimize the perception on organizational politics and enhance employee performance. This paper revealed that internal politics had both positive and negative influence on an organization's performance. The paper recommends future studies should consider introducing different variables and parameters to check on the relationship between organizational politics and performance.

Keywords: Organizational politics, Political behaviour, Workplace, Organizational performance

Technological Capability and Service Sustainability of Water Companies in Kenya. Patrick J. Owuori1*, Dr. Michael Ngala, Ph.D2 and Dr. Simon Obwatho, Ph.D3 1. PhD candidate, School of Management and Leadership, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 2. Lecturer,School of Business and Economics, Cooperative University of Kenya 3 Lecturer, School of Business, Africa Nazarene University, Rongai, Kenya *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The rapid change in technologies, increasing globalization, shifting demographics and greater regulatory oversight are combining to create fundamental shifts in business environment that has led to new opportunities, challenges and risks for the managers. Businesses are in constant lookout for sources of competitive advantage, therefore intangible resources and technological capability are of great strategic potential for the firm. Studies in technological capabilities, although limited, are being carried for both developing and developed countries at national level, and at industry sector or firm level. There is a wide consensus that building technological capability is influenced by both internal and external factors to the firm. Despite the importance of technological capability, there is still a scarcity of research on the integration of technological capability into the performance measurement system in order to quantify the causal impact of technological capability on the business performance. This paper

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 33 describes the development of an assessment model for assessing the impact of technological capability on the sustainability of the firm. Effective combination of appropriate operational capabilities therefore enhances the strength of firm's technological capability. The objective of this paper was to establish effect of technological capability on service sustainability of water service providers (WSPs) in Kenya. The paper was also guided by positivistic philosophy. This paper employed a cross-sectional design to determine the effect of technological capability on service sustainability. The target population for this study was the 88 WSPs in Kenya registered by the Water Services Regulatory Board.The total respondents from the sample size was 429. Data was collected by use of structured questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. Quantitative techniques were employed in the data analysis. This paper established that technological capability had a significant influence on service sustainability. The paper recommends that future studies should consider utilizing multiple methodologies to validate and further strengthen the existing research findings.

Keywords: Technological capability, Sustainability, Performance,Water Service Providers, Innovation, Organizational capabilities

Contribution of Business to the Sustainability Agenda: A Critical Evaluation of the Management of Sustainable Business Practices in an Organisation Prof. Peter Paul Kithae1 1. Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship, Management University of Africa

Abstract

A leader has been defined as a person who is able to motivate, inspire, and win commitment from those he leads to work willingly towards achievement of organisational objectives. Consequently, a sustainable leader is someone who “inspires and supports action towards a better world.” In leading and inspiring those he leads, a sustainable leader adopts new ways of seeing, thinking and interacting that result in innovative and sustainable solutions.” This paper attempts a Critical analysis of business and sustainability challenges. It uses desk research to gather academic literature and current business examples on the topic. By analysing empirical literature on the topic, the study evaluates contributions of sustainable business practices in relation to climate change, social justice and economic prosperity and with special emphasis on the management of triple bottom line sustainability, corporate social responsibility and business ethics by organisations. It is organised under the headings: Business and sustainability challenges; contributions of sustainable business practices to corporate social responsibility and; the management of triple bottom line sustainability as a panacea to enhancing community wellbeing. After analyses, the paper concludes that a business is an organized economic activity, where exchange of goods and services takes place for profits while business sustainability is the need for a business to remain functioning, and being continuously profitable as a result of taking advantage of opportunities and avoiding risks imposed by the external environment. Finally, the paper recommends that in order to achieve their goals, a business has to adopt sustainable business management practices through Cooperation, Collaboration, and Partnerships, popularly known as the Triple Bottom Line Sustainability model.

Key words: Climate change; Leadership; Sustainability; Triple bottom line sustainability model.

Provisional and preventive social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods.acase study of InuaJamiiProgramme, Kisumu County Juster Nyaga1and Agwa Edwin Onyango2 1. Lecturer, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 2. A Student Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the Effects of Social Protection Fund Approaches on Sustainable livelihoods in Kisumu County, Kenya. This study employed survey research design with the population of 135 respondents. This study was guided by the following research objectives; to establish the effects of provisional social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods in Kenya, to determine the effects of preventive social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods in Kenya Data were sampled using Stratified purposive sampling. Under this study, data were collected and analyzed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation) Descriptive statistics include those of the mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution which shows the normal execution of a gathering

34 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership on some proportion of a variable. Questionnaire, interview guide were the main tools for collecting data. This study found that provisional social protection, preventive social protection, promotional social protection and transformative social protection fund had a significant effect on sustainable livelihoods in Kisumu County, Kenya. This study concluded that there are higher expectations related to dependency syndrome among those who would otherwise be able to wean off the programme. Additionally, the study concluded that the goal of sustainable livelihoods faces the problems such as: of inadequate financial knowledge, lack of harmony between national and county government social services operations around safety nets programmes as well as conflict of interests among local leaders. This study recommended that, implementation of policies in a multimodal way to bridge gaps and strengthen collaboration between all actors at all government levels countrywide, adequate staffing to attract and retain/replace skilled personnel as well as scale up information, communications and education on social programmes and other government social economic policies for improved population positive public participation and desired impact devoid of political activities.

Keywords: Prevention, provision, Social Protection Fund, Sustainable livelihoods

Effects of promotional and transformative social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods in Kisumu County: a case study of Inua Jamii Programme Agwa Edwin Onyango1 and Juster Nyaga2 1. A Student Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 2. Lecturer, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of promotional and transformative social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods in Kisumu County. This study was guided by the following research objectives; to find out the effects of promotional social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods in Kenya, to establish the effects of transformative social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods in Kenya. This study adopted survey research design with the population of 135 respondents. Data were sampled using Stratified purposive sampling. Under this study, data were collected and analyzed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation) Descriptive statistics include those of the mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution which shows the normal execution of a gathering on some proportion of a variable. Questionnaire, interview guide were the main tools for collecting data. This study found that provisional social protection, preventive social protection, promotional social protection and transformative social protection fund had a significant effect on sustainable livelihoods in Kisumu County, Kenya. This study concluded that there are higher expectations related to dependency syndrome among those who would otherwise be able to wean off the programme. Additionally, the study concluded that the goal of sustainable livelihoods faces the problems such as: of inadequate financial knowledge, lack of harmony between national and county government social services operations around safety nets programmes as well as conflict of interests among local leaders. This study recommended that, implementation of policies in a multimodal way to bridge gaps and strengthen collaboration between all actors at all government levels countrywide, adequate staffing to attract and retain/replace skilled personnel as well as scale up information, communications and education on social programmes and other government social economic policies for improved population positive public participation and desired impact devoid of political activities.

Key Words: Social Protection Fund, transformational, Promotional, Sustainable livelihoods

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 35 SUB-THEME 11: PEACE STUDIES AND GLOBAL PEDAGOGY

Micro-considerations and Motivations for Migration of Refugees in Korogocho: Challenges and Responses Richard Miller1 1. Osaka Jogakuin University, Japan

Abstract

The number of refugees throughout the world continues to rise due to a combination of complex reasons with the percentages of migrants continuing to grow, even faster than overall world population (2019, 3.5% or 272 million of the world's population versus 2000 2.8%, or 174 million people), (un.org). Secretary General of the UN stated: “We live in an age where more and more people are on the move...” (Guterres, 2014 p. vii). The numbers are expected to continue as the world's population grows and climate change continues to exacerbate already limited resources (Haass, 2018; Berardelli 2020). The underlying motivations to migrate are varied, the most publicized are the results of trauma, however the majority of human movement is economically driven by people trying to build a better life (Paul, 2014). The mass migration of people seeking to escape difficult situations whether caused by war, oppression, natural disaster, or economic factors has caused distress not only for the refugees, but also within the host country as the complications of hosting a large population of displaced people become problematic (Adamson, Tsourapas, 2019). This paper is an empirical ethnographic study of the experiences of six displaced persons, Somali/Ethiopian refugees, who have settled in one of the most impoverished parts of Nairobi. This qualitative study explores both the motivations of those who fled trauma along with the main cultural and economic issues that refugees face once they are in the host country and how they adapt to them. The implications of the study are geared towards policy, and how to best mitigate tensions and to view the human face of the issue.

Key words: Korogocho, Somali and Ethiopian Refugees, UNHCR

Measuring Intercultural Sensitivity in an African Context Sandra Healy1 Kyoto Institute of Technology

Abstract

Increased globalization and interaction between people around the world mean that it is necessary to increase our intercultural sensitivity. Chen and Starosta (1997) define intercultural sensitivity as “a positive emotion towards understanding and appreciating cultural differences that promotes appropriate and effective behaviour in intercultural communication” (p.5), not only during, but before and after intercultural interactions. Intercultural sensitivity refers to the affective domain of intercultural communicative competence focusing on the emotions or feelings caused by particular situations, people, and environments when individuals come into contact with cultures other than their own. It can be influenced by various contextual factors such as employment, level of education, number of languages spoken, and also by ethnicity. An ethnic group is a category of people who share the same identity with each other. It is usually inherited, emerging from the society in which one lives, the common language or dialect, history, society, culture, or customs (People and Garrick, 2010). For example, Rahimi and Soltani (2011) found in their study that there is a positive relationship between ethnic background and participants' language proficiency and their level of intercultural sensitivity. A large amount of research has been undertaken around the world into intercultural sensitivity in recent years, and as a result, a variety of scales have been created to measure the concept, with the most well-known one being the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale developed by Chen and Starosta in 2000. Theconstruct consists of five factors: interaction engagement; interaction enjoyment; interaction attentiveness; interaction confidence; and respect for cultural differences. Little research has been undertaken in the African context and this study examines the results of a questionnaire undertaken in Burundi and discusses the results found in this particular context.

Keywords: International communication, Cultural sensitivity, Burundi

36 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership "Some efforts to build sustainable energy power by local citizens in Japan after the 2011 Great Tohoku Tsunami disaster" Keiko Kikuchi lecturer, Rikkyo University, Japan

Abstract

This year in 2020, as the world suffers from the sudden Covid 19 pandemic, global climate crisis, such as extreme weather, continues and we suffer from the consequences such as severe droughts or floods, or vast forest fires, etc. Japan is situated along the circum-Pacific volcanic belt, and is known as a country frequently hit by disasters, such as typhoons and earthquakes. The presenter will show a short video(5 min) of what happened during the Great Tohoku Earthquake (March 11, 2011), and how people in there suffered not only the disaster of the big quake and tsunami, but also the 3 nuclear reactors' accidents that devastated the Fukushima area. Then she will proceed to show and talk about community efforts to build hand-made solar power and wind power systems in various parts of Japan, as people became conscious and aware of renewable energy and sustainable development following 3.11.

Strategic Planning and Change Management in Telecommunication Industry in Kenya: Case Study of Telkom Kenya 1*Divinah Rachel Nyaera, 2* Dr. Washington Okeyo 1Master in Management and Leadership Management University of Africa 2 Vice-chancellor: Management University of Africa *Corresponding Author's Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of strategic planning on change management in the telecommunication industry with the specific reference to Telkom Kenya Ltd. The study was anchored on Contingency Planning Theory. The target population was 1450 employees of Telkom Kenya. Stratified proportional sampling was used to get a suitable sample of 145 respondents and the study adopted a descriptive research design. Questionnaires were the main data collection tool and they were pilot tested on 15 staff at Telkom Thika branch before being administered to the target audience. Analysis of data was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 24. Descriptive statistics, specifically, means, averages, and percentages were used to analyze individual variables. Simple tabulations were used to present descriptive statistics. This study also used inferential statistics to examine the relationship between the study variables. Data were analyzed using quantitative methods through regression analysis and presentation of data was in the form of tables and figures. The study established that strategic planning has a significant effect on change management. Specifically, the findings indicate that strategic planning and change management are positively and significantly related (r= 0.658, p<0.01). This study concluded that strategic planning plays an important role in change management such that change in the strategic planning results in positive variation in change management. The study recommended that Telkom Kenya should treat strategic planning in the organization as one of the critical survival factors when implementing change.

Key Words: Strategic Planning, Change Management, Telecommunication Industry, Telkom Kenya.

MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 37 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP STUDIES About this Journal The International Journal of Management & Leadership Studies (IJMLS - ISSN 2311 7575) is an open access peer reviewed journal that promotes multidisciplinary research and publication focussing on management and leadership. The journal provides a platform for researchers, scholars, academicians, policy makers and industry practitioners to generate and disseminate knowledge through evidence-based research, exchange of ideas and views as well as experiences to permit insightful knowledge transfer. The journal publishes original peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, review papers, empirical research, and case studies thrice annually on topics including, but not limited to: • Management • Governance • Commerce • Accounting & Audit • Development Studies • Business policy • Business Administration • Economics • Investments • International business management • Business Information & Communication Technology • Leadership • Entrepreneurship • Accounting • Financial Management • Marketing • Insurance • Financial markets • Procurement & Logistics • Supply chain Management • Operations management • Human Resources Management • Strategic management

2. Submission Guidelines Submit via email to: [email protected] cc: [email protected]

3. Article Processing and Publication Charges Ksh. 10,000 per manuscript

4. Copyright 'The authors publications in IJMLS are distributed under Creative Commons Attribution license (http:// creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/) which was developed to facilitate open access i.e free immediate access to and unrestricted re-use of original works of all types.

Editorial Board 1. Dr. Washington Okeyo - Chief Editor 2. Dr. John Cheluget - Corresponding Editor 3. Dr. Thomas Ngui - Director Research Development & Innovation 4. Prof. Peter K'Obonyo - Member (School of Business, University of Nairobi, Kenya) 5. Prof. Richard Miller - Member (Osaka Jogakuin University, Japan) 6. Prof. Zane Ritchie - Member (Josai University, Japan) 7. Prof. Michael Parrish - Member (Kwansei Gakuin University - Japan) 8. Prof. Kalyan Sahoo - Member (Ghana) 9. Prof. Michael Greysamer - Member (Osaka Jogakuin University, Japan) 10. Prof. Peter Paul Kithae - Member (Management University of Africa, Kenya) 11. Prof. Emmanuel Awuor - Member (Management University of Africa, Kenya) 12. Dr. Paul Machoka - Member (Management University of Africa, Kenya) 13. Prof. Padma C. Mishra - Member (Biju Patnaik University of Technology, India) 14. Prof. Subhankar Das - Member (Duy Tan University, Vietnam) 15. Mr. Francis Macharia - Member (Management University of Africa, Kenya)

Editorial Advisory Committee 1. Prof. Peter K'Obonyo - School of Business, University of Nairobi 2. Prof. Richard Miller - Osaka Jogakuin University, Japan 3. Prof. Zain Ritchie - Josai University, Japan

Corresponding Editor Dr. John Cheluget Email: [email protected]

Publisher The Management University of Africa P. O. Box 29677 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Bellevue, Popo Road, off Mombasa Road, South C. Tel: +254 20 2361161 Mobile: +254 722 224193, +254 706 035299

Research News & Upcoming Activities Call for papers for publication in; IJMLS Volume 2 Issue (iii) – September, 2020; IJMLS Volume 3 Issue (i) – March, 2021 IJMLS Volume 3 Issue (ii) – June, 2021 IJMLS Volume 3 Issue (iii) – September, 2021

38 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership 39 40 MUA Eighth (8th) International Conference on Leadership