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7-Azaindoles and Their Use As Ppar Agonists 7-Azaindole Und Ihre Verwendung Als Ppar-Agonisten 7-Azaindoles Et Leur Utilisation Comme Agonistes De Ppar

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(19) TZZ___T (11) EP 1 794 159 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: C07D 471/04 (2006.01) A61K 31/437 (2006.01) 01.08.2012 Bulletin 2012/31 A61P 3/10 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 05778246.8 (86) International application number: PCT/EP2005/009269 (22) Date of filing: 27.08.2005 (87) International publication number: WO 2006/029699 (23.03.2006 Gazette 2006/12) (54) 7-AZAINDOLES AND THEIR USE AS PPAR AGONISTS 7-AZAINDOLE UND IHRE VERWENDUNG ALS PPAR-AGONISTEN 7-AZAINDOLES ET LEUR UTILISATION COMME AGONISTES DE PPAR (84) Designated Contracting States: • GLIEN, Maike AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR 65195 Wiesbaden (DE) HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI • SCHAEFER, Hans-Ludwig SK TR 65239 Hochheim (DE) • WENDLER, Wolfgang (30) Priority: 11.09.2004 EP 04021667 65618 Selters (DE) • BERNARDELLI, Patrick (43) Date of publication of application: F-78450 Villepreux (FR) 13.06.2007 Bulletin 2007/24 • TERRIER, Corinne F-93190 Livry Gargan (FR) (73) Proprietor: Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH • RONAN, Baptiste 65929 Frankfurt am Main (DE) F-92140 Clamart (FR) (72) Inventors: (56) References cited: • KEIL, Stefanie EP-A- 1 445 258 WO-A-2004/074284 65719 Hofheim (DE) Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 1 794 159 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 1 794 159 B1 Description [0001] The invention relates to 7-Azaindoles and to their physiologically acceptable salts and physiologically functional derivatives showing PPAR agonist activity. 5 [0002] PPARdelta agonists have been described in the prior art (e.g. in WO 01/00603, WO 02/092590); azaindoles are described in WO04/074284, benzisoxazoles in EP 1445258. [0003] The invention was based on the object of providing compounds which permit therapeutically utilizable modu- lation of lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism and are thus suitable for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis and the diverse sequelae thereof. 10 [0004] A series of compounds which modulate the activity of PPA receptors has been found. The compounds are suitable in particular for activating PPARdelta and PPARalpha, however the extent of the relative activation can vary depending on the compounds. [0005] Compounds of the present invention are described by formula I: 15 20 25 30 35 where R1, R2 are independently H, (C1-C6)-alkyl, or taken together the R1 and R2 bearing carbon atom (C3-C6)-cy- cloalkyl, phenyl; 40 R3 H, F, Cl, Br, NO2, CN, CF3, SCH3, (C1-C6)-alkyl, (C2-C6)-alkenyl, (C1-C4)-alkylen-O-(C1-C4)-alkyl R4 H, (C1-C6)-alkyl, 45 R5 H, (C1-C6)-alkyl, phenyl-; R6 H, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, SCH3, (C1-C6)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkylen-O-(C1-C4)-alkyl; R7 (C1-C6) alkyl, (C1-C4) alkylen-O-(C1-C4) alkyl, (C1-C6) alkylenphenyl, (C1-C4) alkylen-O-(C1-C4) alkylen- 50 phenyl, (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, (C2-C6) alkenyl, phenyl, O-phenyl , (C1-C6) alkylen-S(O)n-(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1- C6) alkylen-NR10R11, (C1-C6) alkylen-CONR10R11, (C1-C6) alkylen-SO2NR10R11, (C1-C6) alkylen- NR10SO2-(C1-C6) alkyl, (C1-C6) alkylen-OCONR10R11, (C1-C6) alkylen-NR10COR11, (C1-C6) alkylen- NR10CONR11 where alkyl may substituted with one or more fluorine or phenyl atoms and where n may be 0, 1 or 2; 55 R8, R9 are independently H, F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3,(C1-C6)-alkyl, O-(C1-C6)-alkyl, SCF3,SF5, OCHF2, OCH2F, OCF2-CHF2, O-phenyl, OH, NO2 ; 2 EP 1 794 159 B1 R10, R11 H, (C1-C6)-alkyl or (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one to three F or heteroaryl; R10 and R11 may form together with the N atom to which they are attached a 4, 5 or 6-membered saturated, partly saturated or unsaturated heterocycle wherein a C atom may be replaced by N, O, S, SO, SO2; 5 X -CH2- or -CH2CH2-; [0006] as well as their physiologically acceptable salts. [0007] Preference is given to compounds of the formula I wherein phenyl is substituted by R9 only. [0008] Furthermore preference is given to compounds of the formula I wherein R9 is in para-position. 10 [0009] Preference is given to compounds of the formula I where one or more substituent has the following meaning R1, R2 H; R3 H, (C1-C6)-alkyl; 15 R4 H; R5 H; 20 R6 H; R7 (C1-C6) alkyl, (C1-C4) alkylen-O-(C1-C4) alkyl, (C1-C6) alkylenphenyl, (C1-C4) alkylen-O-(C1-C4) alkylen- phenyl, (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, (C2-C6) alkenyl, phenyl, O-phenyl , (C1-C6) alkylen-S(O)n-(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1- C6) alkylen-NR10R11, (C1-C6) alkylen-CONR10R11, (C1-C6) alkylen-SO2NR10R11, (C1-C6) alkylen- 25 NR10SO2-(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6) alkylen-OCONR10R11, (C1-C6) alkylen-NR10COR11, (C1-C6) alkylen- NR10CONR11 where alkyl may substituted with one or more fluorine or phenyl atoms and where n may be 0, 1 or 2; R8 H; 30 R9 CF3; R10,R11 H, (C1-C6)-alkyl or (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one to three F, heteroaryl; R10 and R11 may form together with the N atom to which they are attached a 4, 5 or 6-membered heterocycle wherein 35 a C atom may be replaced by N, O, S, SO, SO2. X -CH2-. [0010] Preference is given also to compounds of the formula I where one or more substituent has the following meaning 40 R1, R2 H; R3 H, (C1-C6)-alkyl; 45 R4 H; R3 H; R6 H; 50 R7 (C1-C6) alkyl, (C1-C4) alkylen-O-(C1-C4) alkyl, (C1-C6) alkylenphenyl, (C1-C4) alkylen-O-(Cl-C4) alkylen- phenyl, (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, (C2-C6) alkenyl, phenyl, O-phenyl, where alkyl may substituted with one or more fluorine or phenyl atoms and where n may be 0, 1 or 2; 55 R8 H; R9 CF3; 3 EP 1 794 159 B1 X -CH2-. [0011] Particular preference is given to the compounds of the formula I,wherein 5 R1, R2, R5, R6 H; R3 H, (C1-C6)-alkyl; R4 H; R7 (C1-C6)-alkyl; R8 CF3; 10 R9 H; X-CH2-. [0012] This invention also encompasses all combinations of preferred aspects of the invention described herein. [0013] The alkyl and alkenyl radicals in the substituents R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 may be 15 either straight-chain or branched and maybe substituted by one to four fluorine atoms. [0014] Unless otherwise indicated the term heteroaryl refers to aromatic, mono- or bicyclic rings having 4 to 11 carbon atoms, wherein at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O or S. [0015] The compounds of the formula I may exist in the form of their racemates, racemic mixtures, pure enantiomers, diastereomers and mixtures of diastereomers as well in their tautomeric forms. The present invention encompasses all 20 these isomeric and tautomeric forms of the compounds of the formula I. These isomeric forms can be obtained by known methods even if not specifically described in some cases. [0016] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are, because their solubility in water is greater than that of the initial or basic compounds, particularly suitable for medical applications. These salts must have a Pharmaceutical acceptable anion or cation. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds of the invention are salts of inorganic 25 acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric and sulfuric acid, and of organic acids such as, for example, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glycolic, isethionic, lactic, lactobionic, maleic, malic, methanesulfonic, succinic, p-toluenesulfonic and tartaric acid. Suitable Pharmaceutical acceptable basic salts are ammonium salts, alkali metal salts (such as sodium and potassium salts), alkaline earth metal salts (such as magnesium and calcium salts), and salts of frometamol (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol), 30 diethanolamine, lysine or ethylenediamine. [0017] Salts with a pharmaceutically unacceptable anion such as, for example, trifluoroacetate likewise belong within the framework of the invention as useful intermediates for the preparation or purification of pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or for use in nontherapeutic, for example in vitro, applications. [0018] The compounds of the invention may also exist in various polymorphous forms, for example as amorphous 35 and crystalline polymorphous forms. All polymorphous forms of the compounds of the invention belong within the frame- work of the invention and are a further aspect of the invention. [0019] All references to "compound(s) of formula I" hereinafter refer to compound(s) of the formula I as described above, and their salts, solvates and physiologically functional derivatives as described herein. 40 Use [0020] This invention relates further to the use of compounds of the formula I and their pharmaceutical compositions as PPAR ligands. The PPAR ligands of the invention are suitable as modulators of PPAR activity. [0021] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are transcription factors which can be activated by ligands 45 and belong to the class of nuclear hormone receptors. There are three PPAR isoforms, PPARalpha, PPARgamma and PPARdelta (identical to PPARbeta), which are encoded by different genes (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR): structure, mechanisms of activation and diverse functions: Motojima K., Cell Struct Funct., 1993, 18(5), 267-77).
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    Clin Drug Investig DOI 10.1007/s40261-013-0128-3 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Saroglitazar (ZYH1), a Predominantly PPARa Agonist with Moderate PPARc Agonist Activity in Healthy Human Subjects Rajendra H. Jani • Kevinkumar Kansagra • Mukul R. Jain • Harilal Patel Ó The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract subjects (8 males from part I of the study and 8 females) in Background and Objectives Dyslipidaemia is a major part II. cardiovascular risk factor associated with type 2 diabetes Results Saroglitazar was rapidly and well absorbed across mellitus. Saroglitazar (ZYH1) is a novel peroxisome pro- all doses in the single-dose pharmacokinetic study, with a liferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist with predomi- median time to the peak plasma concentration (tmax) of less nant PPARa and moderate PPARc activity. It has been than 1 h (range 0.63–1 h) under fasting conditions across developed for the treatment of dyslipidaemia and has the doses studied. The maximum plasma concentration favourable effects on glycaemic parameters in type 2 dia- ranged from 3.98 to 7,461 ng/mL across the dose range. betes mellitus. The objective of this phase 1 study was to The area under the plasma concentration–time curve evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of increased in a dose-related manner. The average terminal saroglitazar in healthy human subjects. half-life of saroglitazar was 5.6 h. Saroglitazar was not Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo- eliminated via the renal route. There was no effect of sex controlled, single-centre, phase I study in healthy human on the pharmacokinetics of saroglitazar, except for the volunteers, and was performed in two parts; part I evalu- terminal half-life, which was significantly shorter in ated single ascending oral doses of saroglitazar (0.125, females than in males.
  • Untersuchungen Zur Regulation Des Lipid- Und Energiestoffwechsels Durch Den Peroxisomenproliferator-Aktivierten Rezeptor Α

    Untersuchungen Zur Regulation Des Lipid- Und Energiestoffwechsels Durch Den Peroxisomenproliferator-Aktivierten Rezeptor Α

    Untersuchungen zur Regulation des Lipid- und Energiestoffwechsels durch den Peroxisomenproliferator-aktivierten Rezeptor α Habilitationsschrift zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. rer. nat. habil. vorgelegt der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät III der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg von Frau Dr. rer. nat. Bettina König geb. am: 15. August 1969 in: Halle (Saale) Gutachter/in: 1. Prof. Dr. Gabriele Stangl, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg 2. Prof. Dr. Gerald Rimbach, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel 3. Prof. Dr. Uwe Wenzel, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Datum der Verteidigung der Habilitationsschrift: 25.10.2010 Datum der Probevorlesung: 06.12.2010 Halle (Saale), Dezember 2009 Für meine Kinder, das beste Experiment meines Lebens Inhaltsverzeichnis Seite 1 Einführung und Fragestellung 1 2 Eigene Originalarbeiten 6 3 Zusammenfassende Diskussion 144 3.1 Beeinflussung des SREBP-abhängigen Lipidstoffwechsels durch 144 PPARα 3.1.1 PPARα-abhängige Regulation von Insig 144 3.1.2 Natürliche PPARα-Agonisten und speziesspezifische Unterschiede 148 3.1.2.1 Untersuchungen beim Schwein und in HepG2-Zellen 148 3.1.2.2 Untersuchungen bei Legehennen 152 3.2 Regulation der Anpassung an Hunger durch PPARα 157 3.2.1 Regulation der CACT 157 3.2.2 Regulation des Carnitinstoffwechsels 159 3.2.3 Regulation des MCT1 162 3.2.4 Rolle des PPARα im Gehirn 166 4 Zusammenfassung 169 5 Literaturverzeichnis 172 i Abkürzungsverzeichnis BBD γ-Butyrobetain-Dioxygenase CACT Carnitin-Acylcarnitin-Translokase CLA konjugierte Linolsäuren CPT