Known prior art references (patents and publications):

Patents:

U.S. Patent No. 5,193,185 U.S. Patent No. 4,312,577 U.S. Patent No. 4,757,267 U.S. Patent No. 5,021,961 U.S. Patent No. 5,422,809 U.S. Patent No. 5,471,392 U.S. Patent No. 5,303,401 U.S. Patent No. 4,817,043 U.S. Patent No. 4,974,170 U.S. Patent No. 5,648,768 U.S. Patent No. 5,682,525 U.S. Patent No. 6,408,307 U.S. Pub. No. 2002/0032674 U.S. Patent No. 6,415,291 U.S. Patent No. 5,559,707 U.S. Patent No. 5,948,040 U.S. Patent No. 5,030,117 U.S. Patent No. 4,972,319 U.S. Patent No. 6,263,343 U.S. Patent No. 6,718,344 U.S. Pub. No. 2001/0044802 U.S. Patent No.7,009,556 U.S. Patent No. 5,835,061 U.S. Patent No. 5,852,810 U.S. Patent No. 5,289,572 Japanese Patent JP3070075 U.S. Patent No. 6,073,075 U.S. Patent No. 6,144,956 U.S. Patent No. 5,729, 731 U.S. Patent No. 6,240,360 U.S. Patent No. 6,336,074 U.S. Patent No. 5,519,760 U.S. Patent No. 6,993,430 U.S. Patent No. 6,282,489 U.S. Patent No. 5,778,367 U.S. Pub. No. 2007/0001875 U.S. Pat. No. 5,832,497 U.S. Patent No. 4,870,576 U.S. Patent No. 5,032,989 U.S. Patent No. 6,088,515 PCT Application International

-1- 76953-0001/LEGAL23133528.1 Publication No. WO 97/15889 U.S. Patent No. 5,737,533 European Patent No. EP0219930 U.S. Patent No. 5,694,934 U.S. Patent No. 5,191,532 European Patent No. EP0633452 U.S. Patent No. 4,914,605 U.S. Patent No. 5,237,323 U.S. Patent No. 5,724,521 U.S. Patent No. 5,543,789 German Patent No. DE 4033829 Japanese Patent No. JP 401195577 Japanese Patent No. JP 406301894 Japanese Patent No. JP 407306865 Japanese Patent No. JP 363298572 Japanese Patent No. JP 405067151 Japanese Patent No. JP 407134695 U.S. Patent No. 5,124,915 U.S. Patent No. 5,295,261 U.S. Patent No. 5,671,342 U.S. Patent No. 5,241,671 U.S. Patent No. 5,515,488 U.S. Patent No. 5,594,661 U.S. Patent No. 5,715,444 U.S. Patent No. 5,911,138 U.S. Patent No. 5,831,664 U.S. Patent No. 6,385,622 PCT Application, WO 97/22066 U.S. Patent No. 5,736,977

Publications

David Crossley and Tony , A Generic Map Interface to Query Geographic Information Using the World Wide Web, -Pacific World Wide Web ‘95 Conference and Exhibition, (August 1995). Craig Menefee, New Host for Commercial Site Index (published November 9, 1994) (“Menefee”) Business Wire 1, Open Market Inc. offers Internet Users Free Access to Directory of Commercial Sites on the Internet, (published November 8, 1994) (“Business Wire 1”) Business Wire, Advertising: YellowNet, American Business Information Corp. agreement paves way for 11 million businesses to advertise electronically on Internet (published April 26, 1995). Jeffrey Sullivan, Strategic Mapping’s new Local Expert knows lay of land, needs help on details. (Strategic Mapping Inc.’s travel information software package)(includes a related

-2- 76953-0001/LEGAL23133528.1 article summarizing the evaluation)(Software Review)(Evaluation) (June 28, 1993). Thomas Cova and Michael F. Goodchild, Spatially Distributed Navigable Databases for Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems, GIS/LIS `94 Proceedings, Bethesda: ACSM-ASPRS- AAGURISA- AM/FM, (Oct 1994), 1:191-200. Eliseo Clementini et al., Browsing in Geographic Databases: an Object-Oriented Approach, Visual Languages, Proceedings of the 1990 IEEE Workshop on 4-6 Oct 1990, pp. 125-131 (“Clementini 10/90”) Clementini, E. and Di Felice, P, Towards an interaction level for object-oriented geographic database systems, in Proceedings of the 1992 ACM Annual Conference on Communications (Kansas City, Missouri, , March 03 - 05, 1992). J. P. Agrawal, V. Kumar, and V. Wallentine, Eds. CSC '92. ACM Press, New York, NY, 33-40. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/131214.131219 (“Clementini 5/92”) E. Clementini, A. D'Atri, P. Di Felice, A spatial data model underlying human interaction with object-oriented spatial databases, Proc. IEEE 15th Int. Computer Software and Applications Conf., pp.llO-11, , Japan, September 11-13, 1991 (“Clementini 9/91”) E. Clementini, P. Di Felice, Multiparadigm query strategies in object-oriented geographic databases, Proc. IEEE l Oth Int. Conf. on Computers and Communications, pp. 295-301, Scottsdale, AZ, 27-30 March, 1991 (“Clementini 3/91”) Michael F. Schwartz and Panagiotis G. Tsirigotis, Experience with a Semantically Cognizant Internet White Pages Directory Tool (published May 1990) (“Schwartz 5/90”). Michael F. Schwartz, A Scalable, Non- Hierarchical Resource Discovery mechanism Based on Probabilistic Protocols (published June 1990) (“Schwartz 6/90”). Agnès Voisard, Designing and integrating use interfaces of geographic database applications, International Computer Science Institute, March 1994, Pages: 1-27 (“Voisard ‘94”). Agnès Voisard, Mapgets: A Tool for Visualizing and Querying Geographic Information, Journal of Visual Languages and , 6, 1995 (“Voisard ‘95”). Philip Davis, The Xerox PARC Map Server: An interactive Hypermedia Map Viewer, Database, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 65-67, (Apr./May, 1995) (“Davis”). Steve Putz, Interactive information services using World-Wide Web hypertext, The First International Conference on the World-Wide Web (WWW'95), May 25-27, 1994, CERN, Geneva. Published in Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, Elsevier Science B.V., vol. 27. pp. 273-280, 1994 (“Putz”). Arikawa et al., Dynamic Maps as Composite Views of Varied Geographic Database Servers, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Applications of Databases (Witold Litwin, Tore Rische Eds.), Vadstena, Sweden, Lecture Note in Computer Science 819, Springer-Verlag, pp. 142-157, June 1994. Andresen et al., The WWW Prototype of the Alexandria Digital Library, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Digital Libraries, August 22-25, 1995, Tsukuba, Japan (pp. 17-27) (“Andresen”). Hill et al., User Evaluation: Summary of the Methodologies and Results for the Alexandria Digital Library, University of California at Santa Barbara, (published May 30, 1997) (“Hill”).

-3- 76953-0001/LEGAL23133528.1 James Frew et al., The Alexandria Digital Library Testbed, Technical Report, Corporation for National Research Initiatives (July/August 1996) (“Frew”). T. Smith, A brief update on the Alexandria digital library project, D-Lib Magazine, available at http://www.dl ib.org/dlib/march96/briefings/smith/03 smith.html (“Smith”). Jim Mallory, Donnelley, Cincinnati Bell research electronic Yellow Pages - R.R. Donnelley and Sons, Newsbytes News Network, June 7, 1993. Katia Obraczka et al., Internet Resource Discovery Services, University of Southern California, September 1993. James H. Rillings and James W. Lewis, TravTek Pages, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., October 1991. Juliano L. de Oliveira et al., A direct manipulation user interface for querying geographic databases, Technical Report DCC-95-08, Computer Science Department, University of Campinas, August 1995. Andreas Voigtmann et al., An Object-Oriented Data Model and a Query Language for Geographic Information Systems, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Institut für numerische Mathematik – Informatik, Einsteinstr. 62, D-48149 Münster, Germany, (published 1995). T.C. Waugh et. al., The GEOVIEW design: a relational database approach to geographical data handling, Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, pp. 193-212, (published July 5/10, 1986). Claussen, H.; Lichtner, W.; Heres, L.; Lahaije, P.; Siebold, J.; , GDF, a proposed standard for digital road maps to be used in car navigation systems, Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1989. Conference Record , vol., no., pp. 324-330, 11-13 Sep 1989 Nicholas M. Avouris & Sandra Finotti, User Interface Design to Expert Systems, Expert Systems With Applications, Vol. 6, pp. 109–18 (1993) R.H. Bourdeau et al., A Regional Information System for Environmental Data Analysis, Proceedings of 25th Int’l Sympo. on Remote Sensing & Global Envt’l Change, Vol. II, pp. 223–33 (April 1993) Peter Van Demark, Software Triad Delivers Diverse Consumer GIS Capabilities, GIS World, vol. 7, no. 2 (February 1994). Mark A. Freidl et al., Mapwd an Interactive Mapping Tool, Computers & Geosciences, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1203–19 (1989) M. Tanaka & T. Ichikawa, A Visual Interface for Map Information Retrieval, IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering, vol. 14, no. 5 (May 1998) A. Tsalgatidou et al., A Hypermedia Tourist Guide, Proceedings of ENTER-94, Springer- Verlag, 1994, pp. 72–79 (1994). David Fay, et al., GTE Laboratories Role in the Initial Internet Directory Development (7/12/1995) Business Wire 2, NYNEX Announces Online, Interactive Yellow Pages on PRODIGY (January 25, 1995) (“Business Wire 2”) Jacqueline Emigh, NYNEX starts “Ad-supported online Yellow Pages” on Prodigy (published January 26, 1995) (“Emigh”) Business Wire 3, NYNEX goes national with online Yellow Pages; Connecting businesses and consumers nationwide over the Internet

-4- 76953-0001/LEGAL23133528.1 (published October 17, 1995) (“Business Wire 3”) Joshua Mills, So, Let Your Cursor Do the Walking, New York Times, (published December 10, 1993) (“Mills”) BusinessWeek Now, Your Fingers Can Do the Walking at a Keyboard, March 2, 1992, edited by Paul M. Eng,. (“Business Week 4”) , Taking In the Sites; Fast- Scrolling Yellow Pages, October 23, 1995. (“NY Times”) DATABASE Magazine, Internet Ready Reference Resources, 1996. (“DATABASE”) Marcel Roulet, Teletel Newsletter (1987) (“Teletel”). Georges Nahon, It’s Not Just an Electronic Phone Book, Telephone Engineer & Management, vol. 90 no. 18, September 15, 1986, pp. 85-59. David Filo & Jerry Yang, Yahoo! Unplugged, Your Discovery Guide to the Web (1995). GEO 014408-965. (Produced by Plaintiff) Yahoo! Unplugged CD, GEO 0120162 Mark Brown, Using Netscape 2, (1995) (Included in Prosecution History). Screen shots of Yahoo! Internet Directory, (1994-98) (Included in Prosecution History) Kit Dahl, The Virtual Tourist—A Web Navigational Tool, Virtual Tourist Critique (Oct. 10, 2005) Databases for GIS, SIGMOD Record, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 107–15 (March 1994) Joann Janet Ordille, Descriptive Name Services for Large , Thesis, University of Wisconsin (1993) Integrating Hierarchical Navigation and Querying: A User Customizable Solution, ACM Multimedia Workshop on Effective Abstractions in Multimedia Layout, Presentation, and Interaction (1995) Frank G. Halasz, Reflections on Notecards: Seven Issues for the Next Generation of Hypermedia Systems, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 31, No. 7 at pp. 836-852 (July 1998) Matteo Dell'Omodarme and Giada Valle, A (notso) short overview of the Geographic Information System GRASS; Grass History; and OGC History. Chuck Lewis, Enterprise GIS: One County, One Application, available at http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc00/professional/papers/PAP821/p821.htm. Rick Schulte & Mike Quetel, Clackamas County Uses MapObjects to Build an Enterprise Desktop GIS with Internet Capability, available at http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc97/proc97/to500/pap468/p468.htm U.S. Census, TIGER/Line Files 1995; U.S. Census, TIGER Overview; U.S. Census, TIGER History; and U.S. Census, Internet History. Yellow Pages and Classified Ads by Phone Now Available in , Telecom Standards Newsletter (July 1994). Yellow Pages and Classified Ads by Phone Now Available in Atlanta, Fiber Optics Weekly Update (May 27, 1994). Pacific Bell Interactive Media Announces Pacific Bell At Hand Internet Guide to California Products and Services, PR Newswire (April 23, 1996). Linda Dailey, Pacific Bell Launches Digital View of California’s Treasures, Computer Shopper (December 1, 1996). Pacific Bell At Hand Announces Major Publishers Enriching California Merchant Guide, PR Newswire (June 13, 1996).

-5- 76953-0001/LEGAL23133528.1 SBC Interactive Launches SMARTpages, Business Wire (June 30, 1998). At Hand Network Site Technical Architecture Document (May 21, 1998). Christopher B. Hrut, Navigation Techs. Executive Summary (1993) (“Hrut”) Ludger Becker et al., An Object-Oriented Data Model and a Query Language for Geographic Information Systems, Westfälische Wilhelms- Universität, Institut für numerische Mathematik – Informatik, Einsteinstr. 62, D-48149 Münster, Germany, (published 1995). Sensis Web Site, Milestones, available at http://www.about.sensis.com.au/inside/milestones.php#. DeLorme Web Site, A Mapping Industry Leader for Over 30 Years, available at http://www.delorme.com/about/innovation.aspx. F. Fonseca and C. Davis, Using the Internet to Access Geographic Information: An OpenGis Prototype. in: M. Goodchild, M. Egenhofer, R. Fegeas, and C. Kottman (Ed.), Interoperating Geographic Information Systems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA (1999). D. M. Mark et al., User Interfaces for Geographic Information Systems, NCGIA Initiative 13, Closing Report, 1995. Tateyuki Tsurutani et al., ATLAS: A geographic database system data structure and language design for geographic information, International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques archive, Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, Pages: 71 - 77, (1980). Kamijo, S.; Okumura, K.; Kitamura, A., Digital road map database for vehicle navigation and road information systems, Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1989. Conference 3/3 Record , vol., no., pp. 319-323, 11-13 Sep 1989 Fiona Lee et al., Hybrid Transformation for Indexing and Searching Web Documents, Information Systems, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 33–54 (1994) Steve Putz, Interactive Mapping Web Site Reviews: Interactive Information Services Using World-Wide Web Hypertext, WebGIS Reviews (Oct. 10, 2005) A Visual User Interface for Map Information Retrieval Based on Semantic Significance, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 666–70 (May 1988)

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