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William Walker and the Nicaraguan Filibuster War of 1855-1857
ELLIS, JOHN C. William Walker and the Nicaraguan Filibuster War of 1855-1857. (1973) Directed by: Dr. Franklin D. Parker. Pp. 118 The purpose of this paper is to show how William Walker was toppled from power after initially being so i • successful in Nicaragua. Walker's attempt at seizing Nicaragua from 1855 to 1857 caused international conster- ■ nation not only throughout Central America but also in the capitals of Washington and London. Within four months of entering Nicaragua with only I fifty-seven followers. Walker had brought Nicaragua under his domination. In July, 1856 Walker had himself inaugurated as President of Nicaragua. However, Walker's amazing career in Nicaragua was to last only briefly, as the opposition of the Legitimists in Nicaragua coupled with the efforts of the other Central American nations removed Walker from power. Walker's ability as a military commander in the use of military strategy and tactics did not shine forth like his ability to guide and lead men. Walker did not learn from his mistakes. He attempted to use the same military tactics over and over, especially in attempts to storm towns which if properly defended were practically impreg- nable fortresses. Walker furthermore abandoned without a fight several strong defensive positions which could have been used to prevent or deter the Allied offensives. Administratively, Walker committed several glaring errors. The control of the Accessory Transit Company was a very vital issue, but Walker dealt with it as if it were of minor im- portance. The outcome of his dealings with the Accessory Transit Company was a great factor in his eventual overthrow as President of Nicaragua. -
William Walker and the Seeds of Progressive Imperialism: the War in Nicaragua and the Message of Regeneration, 1855-1860
The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Spring 5-2017 William Walker and the Seeds of Progressive Imperialism: The War in Nicaragua and the Message of Regeneration, 1855-1860 John J. Mangipano University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, Latin American History Commons, Medical Humanities Commons, Military History Commons, Political History Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Mangipano, John J., "William Walker and the Seeds of Progressive Imperialism: The War in Nicaragua and the Message of Regeneration, 1855-1860" (2017). Dissertations. 1375. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/1375 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WILLIAM WALKER AND THE SEEDS OF PROGRESSIVE IMPERIALISM: THE WAR IN NICARAGUA AND THE MESSAGE OF REGENERATION, 1855-1860 by John J. Mangipano A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School and the Department of History at The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved: ________________________________________________ Dr. Deanne Nuwer, Committee Chair Associate Professor, History ________________________________________________ Dr. Heather Stur, Committee Member Associate Professor, History ________________________________________________ Dr. Matthew Casey, Committee Member Assistant Professor, History ________________________________________________ Dr. Max Grivno, Committee Member Associate Professor, History ________________________________________________ Dr. Douglas Bristol, Jr., Committee Member Associate Professor, History ________________________________________________ Dr. -
Welcome to Costa Rica
Welcome to Costa Rica +506 2232 0400 +506 8893 3863 [email protected] facebook.com/aratourscr www.aratours.com 1 Contact The Team of ARA Tours Office Hours ARA Tours attends you during office hours in Monday - Friday: 07.00 - 18.00 German and English. Outside office hours you can Saturday: 08:00 – 17:00 call us under the emergency number below where you can also reach us on weekends. WhatsApp Assistance: +506-8893-3863 Visiting Address Monday – Friday: 06:00 – 18:00 Sabana Sur. Del Colegio de Médicos 100 metros al Weekends: 08:00 – 16:00 este y 150 metros al sur frente a la Universidad La Salle, San José, Costa Rica Outside Office Hours: +506-8946-8222 Head Office Week days: 18:00 – 06:00 Prefix for Costa Rica: +506 Weekends: 16:00 – 08:00 Phone: +506-2232-0400 Fax: +506-2232-0363 Mail: [email protected] www.aratours.com offering plenty of ways to explore this natural paradise. Enjoy the wide range of opportunities, approach people, exchange stories, get inspired by Exploring the zest of life, and fill up your energy in the nature! But don’t forget that you are a guest in a country with a different culture and lifestyle. Show respect to the people, help to leave nature Costa Rica as it is, and explore it as “gently” as possible. By visiting you help to protect nature and ensure that “Natural Paradise”, “Garden of Eden between the people living there receive an income. the Pacific and the Atlantic”, “Tropical Garden between two Oceans” - that’s how Costa Rica We would like to express our gratitude and wish you often is described in articles, travel guides, and an exciting and interesting trip through the natural travel reports. -
With Walker in Nicaragua
WITH WALKER IN NICARAGUA Reminiscences of an Oficer of the American Phalanx JAMES CARSON JAMISON Cnjtnin of Cornjany D, First Light Infantry, Army of the Republic of Nicaragua E. W. STEPHENS PUBLISHING COMPANY, COLUMBIA,mas our^, 1909 Copyright 1909by J. C. JAMISON DEDICATION. It is with a grateful heart that the Author dedicates these hges, crude and desultory, he freely admits, written at haphazard and largely from memory, to his friend and kinsman, Mr. Charles White, of Spokane, Washington, whose regard and friendship for more than thirty years have been true and constant. J. C. J. PREFACE. This volume is written lovingly in memory of those comrades who gave up their lives in battle in a strange land, for a strange people; whose bones lie in an alien countr~rimsonedwith their life's blood, poured out to save from misrule and oppression a people who invoked their arms and valor, and later heaped upon them the curses of ingratitude. Its pages are offered further as a tribute to the bravery and for- titude of those few men who endured the dangers and hardships of the Nicaraguan campaigns, and are still alive. It is with a full heart that the author makes acknowl- edgment of the kindly services of those friends whose encouragement largely impelled the writing of these reminiscences, which in no way are offered as a com- prehensive history of the enterprises that gave them birth, but merely as a series of pictures of events and incideots that came within his vision and experience. Especially is the author grateful to his old-time friend, Mr. -
From National Policy to Grassroots Activism in Costa Rica's Osa
1 Environmentalisms in Practice: From National Policy to Grassroots Activism in Costa Rica’s Osa Peninsula PhD Thesis Clate Korsant Department of Anthropology, Goldsmiths, University of London Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, September 2017 2 I, Clate Korsant, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. I confirm that where the information has other sources it has been indicated in the thesis. Clate Joseph Korsant September 2017 3 Abstract This thesis examines the characteristics of Costa Rican environmentalism, focusing on biodiversity conservation in the Osa Peninsula. Relatively remote and long inaccessible, the Osa Peninsula is seen as a frontier region and the most renowned biodiversity hotspot of one of the world’s most relatively biodiverse nations. Given the shift towards community- based initiatives, I explain how individuals have come to care for and interact with their surroundings, the interrelations of differing regimes of value, and tensions inherent to the politics of land use. Conservationist practice in the Osa Peninsula represents a messy, conflict-ridden, contentious, and ambiguous phenomenon, entangled with Costa Rica’s history of elite domination over the extraction and use of resources, indoctrination and the influence of external interests, and global agendas. This in-depth ethnographic study of the different manifestations of environmentalism in the Osa Peninsula, including government policies, environmental education, grass roots activism, volunteering, and ecotourism, reveal environmentalism to be more complex than the static monolithic entity previously depicted. This ethnography illuminates the relationship between power and place, and the importance of global and historic processes that inform the politics of conservationism. -
“The Grey Eyed Man of Destiny” and the American Press: an Analysis of Antebellum
The University of North Carolina at Asheville “The Grey Eyed Man of Destiny” and the American Press: An Analysis of Antebellum American Media Influence upon the Filibustering Career of William Walker A Senior Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of History in Candidacy for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in History by Ian David Brater Asheville, North Carolina 22 November 2004 1 We think there is no man who deserves more of the reading public than Walker of Nicaragua. The newspapers should erect him a monument. They are under some obligation . to the Emperor of Russia, the Chinese and to Lord Palmerston, but Walker throws all the other heroes and heroines into profound darkness . Walker is like the widow’s cruse, never gives out . He may be designated the Hero of Vicissitudes. One steamer leaves him on the flat of his back; another reports him up again . One day he is on the point of starving to death, his men are deserting him in regiments, and he hasn’t a cent in his exchequer. The next day he is flush of provisions, men and money. Somebody is always flanking Walker, except when Walker is flanking somebody else. 1 This quote from the (Charlotte) Western Democrat illustrates the intimacy of the relationship between the American press and William Walker, a notorious filibuster of the mid nineteenth century. Sensationalism and intense political debate became commonplace in the stories of William Walker and the fate of Nicaragua. This no doubt kept many American newspapers and journals busy turning out articles for a public that demanded knowledge on the latest developments concerning Walker and his prospects. -
Usos Políticos De Las Batallas De Santa Rosa De 1856 Y 1955: O, Cómo Fallar Al Inventar Tradiciones
USOS POLÍTICOS DE LAS BATALLAS DE SANTA ROSA DE 1856 Y 1955: O, CÓMO FALLAR AL INVENTAR TRADICIONES Marco Cabrera Geserick Resumen El uso del pasado ha sido un arma política tradicionalmente utilizada para la formación o reformación de una identidad nacional específica. Basadas en la necesidad política de crear narrativas nacionales que beneficien o sostengan el régimen político dominante, las elites políticas desarrollan tradiciones inventadas para redefinir la memoria colectiva de ciertos eventos históricos con el fin de manipular o aprovechar su mensaje y los valores intrínsecos asociados a estos. En Costa Rica, la guerra filibustera es aceptada como la narrativa nacional por excelencia, esto incluye la Batalla de Santa Rosa de 1856. En 1956, una segunda batalla en Santa Rosa, la de 1955, fue usada por el partido gobernante para apoyar una nueva narrativa nacional que promoviera un nuevo proyecto de nación. El intento, sin embargo, fracasó. Este artículo analiza los conceptos de memoria colectiva y tradiciones inventadas para explicar las circunstancias de este fracaso. Palabras claves: identidad nacional, tradiciones inventadas, memoria colectiva, celebraciones patrias, guerra filibustera, narrativa nacional. POLITICAL USES OF THE BATTLES OF SANTA ROSA OF 1856 AND 1955: OR, HOW TO FAIL AT INVENTING TRADITIONS Abstract The use of the past has been a political tool used traditionally to shape or reshape a specific national identity. Based on the political need to create national narratives that could benefit or support the dominant political regime, political elites develop invented traditions that redefine the collective memory of historic events with the goal of manipulating o taken advantage of its message and the implicit values associated with them. -
From National Monument to Conservation of the Tropical Dry Forest
Revista Geográfica de América Central. Número Especial ISSN 1011-484X, I Semestre 2017 pp. 137–183 TOURISM AND TERRITORY IN NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS. SANTA ROSA NATIONAL PARK: FROM NATIONAL MONUMENT TO CONSERVATION OF THE TROPICAL DRY FOREST. GUANACASTE CONSERVATION AREA, COSTA RICA TURISMO Y TERRITORIO EN ÁREAS NATURALES PROTEGIDAS, PARQUE NACIONAL SANTA ROSA: DEL MONUMENTO NACIONAL A LA CONSERVACIÓN DEL BOSQUE TROPICAL SECO, ÁREA DE CONSERVACIÓN GUANACASTE, COSTA RICA Lilliam Quirós-Arias1 National University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica ABSTRACT Ever since the 1980s, conservation-related tourism has been particularly important in Costa Rica. The interest in enjoying and being part of nature brought a significant change to how tourism is practiced. The country hosts a great wealth of natural and cultural resources, as well as ru- ral landscapes characterized by protected areas and surrounded by natural landscapes and local communities. This document reviews the experience of Santa Rosa National Park, located in the Guanacaste Conservation Area (ACG)—an area with emerging tourism development and natural attractions as its main resource. The participation and integration of local communities are part of recent concerns. Our methodology includes a review of secondary information and first-person in- terviews with townspeople. Moreover, information was gathered on-site through different visits to 1 Academic Director, School of Geographical Sciences, National University of Costa Rica. Email: [email protected] Date Received: August 7, 2016 Date Accepted: November 10, 2016 Revista Geográfica de América Central Nº Especial 137 Lilliam Quirós-Arias. Turismo y territorio en áreas naturales protegidas, Parque Nacional Santa Rosa: del monumento nacional a la conservación del bosque tropical seco, Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica the area of study. -
Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Colton's Nicaragua Guatemala, Honduras, San Salvador & Costa Rica. Revised, Enlarged and Published by S.H. Goetzel & Co. Mobile Ala. Stock#: 38861 Map Maker: Colton Date: 1860 Place: Mobile, AL Color: Hand Colored Condition: VG+ Size: 16 x 12 inches Price: SOLD Description: Detailed map of Central America, coloured by country and province, which accompanied a description of the War in Nicaragua. Written by the legendary American Fillibuster, William Walker, one of the most colorful of the Americans to enter into political intrigues in Central America during the 19th Century. Walker is perhaps best know for his failed attempt to take over Sonora and Baja California and declare them independent states. Following the demise of his Sonora Republic, he became involved in a brief successful attempt to take over Nicaragua, before a similar scheme resulted in his death in Honduras in 1860. Historical Context-Sonora & Baja California Following the Mexican-American War, the United States had vastly expanded its territory, while numerous American speculators had made great fortunes through events such as the California Gold Rush. Not surprisingly, certain American adventurers turned their gaze even further southwards to see what other riches could be prized from Latin America. Some of the more ambitious of these figures even harbored designs to invade parts of Mexico and Central America, with the objective of establishing new American- allied republics. This imperialist act of nation-building was termed 'filibustering'. Drawer Ref: Central America Stock#: 38861 Page 1 of 5 Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. -
William Walker. the Gray-Eyed Man of Destiny. Book 5: Truxillo. Part 7 of 9
Part Six: DEPARTURE Manfred. Old man! 'tis not so difficult to die. [Man.,Jted. expires. Abbot. He's gone--his soul hath ta'en its earthless flight; Whither? I dread to think--but he is gone. Lord Byron. Manfred. The last act in. the biography of the hero is that of the death or departure. Here the whole sense of the life is epitomized. Needless to say, the hero would be no hero if death held for him any terror; the first condition is reconciliation with the grave. -Joseph Campbell. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. 28. San Juan Settles the Matter At the time when Central America became Independent of Spain, In 1821, England had formally recognized Spanish sovereignty over the entire Central American coast. English settlers did enjoy woodcutting privileges, authorized by the 1786 Anglo-Spanish Convention, but only at Belize, in the territory bound between the Hondo and the Slbun rivers on the southeastern portion of the Yucatan Peninsula. Thereafter, the British encroached on Honduras as they did on Nicaragua (See Book 3, Chapter 2). On November 10, 1841, Col. Alexander Archibald MacDonald, Superintendent of Belize, notified the government at Comayagua that he had been Instructed by the Governor of Jamaica to mediate in the dispute between the [fabulous] Mosquito Nation and the State of Honduras. Up to 1846, however, the English merchants at Belize continued to acknowledge the title of Honduras to its entire coast, and paid the dues Honduras charged for the mahogany trees which they cut on Honduran territory. When the mahogany cutters afterwards departed from that custom, Honduras seized a couple of their trespassing vessels, but British warships from Jamaica promptly appeared in Truxillo and forced Honduras to submit. -
William Walker. the Gray-Eyed Man of Destiny. Book 3: Nicaragua. Part 4
Part Three: COMMANDER IN CHIEF Truly, Ardschunas, your pity is exceedingly ridiculous. Why do you speak of friendship and relationship? Why of men? Relations, friends, men, beasts or stones, all are one. The principle of everything is eternal; what value has all else? You as a Schatrias, a man of the cast of warriors, are doomed to the combat. Therefore do battle. A fearful carnage will be the result. So be it. To-morrow the sun will shine as today, and the eternal principle will continue to subsist. Beyond that all is illusion. (An old Sanskrit poem). 20. Wall Street Connection Simultaneous with the savage civil war in Nicaragua, a bloodless power struggle among the Transit Company mag nates raged In New York. Early In 1854, Vanderbilt began running his Independent Opposition Line of steamers to California via Panama, bent on ruining the Nicaragua Transit in the hands of Morgan and Garrison. But the shorter distance and faster voyage by way of Nicaragua, gave the latter an advantage which Vanderbilt could not overcome. The cheapness of their equipment also helped to lower expenses, and enabled them to withstand the stiff Panama competition. Vanderbilt was forced to change tactics by midsummer. In August, he bought the Uncle Sam and Yankee Blade from his partner, Mr. Mills, which made him sole owner of the Opposition Line. He then turned around and sold them at a much higher price to his competitors, who eagerly allowed him to make a good profit In order to ease his withdrawal from the field. The Uncle Sam and North Star went to the Pacific Mall Steamship Company (Panama line), and the Yankee Blade to the Nicaragua Transit.