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Annex 1 – Description of the Action United Nations Development Programme Project Document Project Title: EU Floods Recovery Programme – Reconstruction and rehabilitation of transport infrastructure UNDAF Outcome(s): By 2020, individuals, the private sector and state institutions base their actions on the principles of sustainable development, and communities are more resilient to disasters and environmental risks Expected CP Outcome(s): By 2020, individuals, the private sector and state institutions base their actions on the principles of sustainable development, and communities are more resilient to disasters and environmental risks Expected Output(s): 1) Priority damaged transport infrastructure is reconstructed 2) Lessons learnt and best practices are shared at national and local levels Executing Entity: United Nations Development Programme Brief Description The goal of the project is to assist the country’s recovery efforts in the aftermath of the floods that occurred in early 2015 by reconstructing damaged transport infrastructure. The “building back better” approach will be used to maximize resilience to future floods and mitigate the risk of floods in priority sensitive regions of the country. The project will build upon the experiences, results and lessons learned from past projects on emergency coordination support as well as ongoing programmes in the areas of disaster and climate risk reduction and integrated river basin management. The project will be implemented in close partnership with the Secretariat for European Integration, Ministries of Transport and Communication, Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, Environment and Physical Planning, the Public Enterprise for State Roads, local governments of the affected municipalities as well as the key entities in the disaster risk management system in the country. Programme Period: 2016 - 2020 Key Result Area: Disaster risk reduction, Total allocated resources: EUR 3,012,500 preparedness, response and recovery US$ 3,303,179 Atlas Award ID: _______ (as per the UN Exchange rate for November 2015 1US$ = Start date: 20 November 2015 0,912 Euro) End Date 19 November 2017 PAC Meeting Date Management Arrangements DIM Agreed by (UNDP): Louisa Vinton, Resident Representatove_____________________________________________________ 1. SITUATION ANALYSIS BACKGROUND Severe flooding hit much of the country in January and February 2015, causing widespread damage and economic losses. Heavy rainfall caused rivers to overflow in many locations, and 44 out of 80 municipalities experienced floods. The most affected regions were the basins of the Crna Reka, Bregalnica and Strumica rivers, which cover 45% of the territory of the country. Roughly 170,000 people were affected in all. The floods caused major damages to roads and bridges, interrupting transport. Much agricultural land was also flooded, causing extensive losses to farming families. Drainage and irrigation systems were also damaged, and private houses, private- sector industrial facilities, schools and public facilities in some villages were also flooded. The country’s river basins – numbers 4, 5 & 6 were The flooded area in the Pelagonija Region alone was bigger most affected by the floods in spring 2015 than all of Dojran Lake, which has surface area of 43,100 km2. A second flood-related disaster hit the country on 3 August 2015, when flash floods and mudslides struck the northwest Polog Region, killing six people and causing damage to municipal infrastructure and houses in the city of Tetovo and villages in the surrounding mountainous areas. High vulnerability to floods As this rapid sequence of disasters suggests, the country is highly vulnerable to flooding. Some of this vulnerability stems from natural causes. Most river basins experience dramatic variations in water flows over time, and the risk of floods is also exacerbated by the country’s specific topography and land structure. However, human factors are also at work. Changing use of land and land cover – for example, cultivation or construction in wetland areas, and heightened erosion from logging in forests – are altering hydrological regimes, increasing the risk of floods. Other causes include neglected maintenance of regulated river segments, for example through the conversion of flood plains and river corridors for agricultural or commercial use; decaying or poorly maintained flood control infrastructure, for example by failing to clear drainage channels regularly; and insufficient use of existing dams and reservoirs to mitigate the risk of floods. Vulnerability to floods contributes to a profile of the country as particularly disaster-prone. The country also faces a high risk of earthquakes, wild fires, droughts, extreme temperatures and landslides. But although earthquakes pose the largest risk in terms of the potential costs in human lives and material damages, and wildfires are the disaster that occurs most frequently, floods deserve particular attention because they are on the rise in terms of frequency and intensity. Flooding is of particular concern owing to the impact of climate change. Of the 28 countries in Europe and Central Asia covered by the World Bank in its 2009 study, Adapting to Climate Change in Eastern and Central Europe, the country comes fourth in the occurrence of climate-related 2 natural disasters in the 1990-2008 period. And although climate-change research forecasts a rise in temperatures and 4 percent decrease in precipitation over the coming decade, the number of extreme weather events is expected to surge, bringing with them a heightened risk of flooding. Flood response and impact The Government responded to the floods in early 2015 with the immediate deployment of personnel and equipment to affected areas. Among the institutions participating in the response were the National Directorate for Protection and Rescue, the Army, municipal public enterprises, the police and firefighters. They were supported by technical staff from relevant ministries. Significant support was provided by the Macedonian Red Cross, which delivered emergency supplies and evacuated endangered families to designated shelters (schools, dormitories). In the flood aftermath, the Government commissioned a Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA), with the aim to assess the full impact of the disaster on the country and, on the basis of the findings, to produce a feasible and sustainable Recovery Strategy for mobilizing financial and technical resources. The RDNA was coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy, in cooperation with experts from the World Bank and the European Union (EU). The initial impact assessment estimated the total cost of the spring 2015 floods at EUR 35.691,672 million. Of this total, 62 percent were classified as damages and 38 percent as losses. Table 1 Summary of damages and losses by sectors Sector Total (EUR) Share (%) Agriculture 13,671,655 38.3 Industry 536,459 1.5 Transport 15,276,736 42.8 Electricity 976 -- Water and sanitation 235,439 0.7 Irrigation and drainage 4,900,680 13.7 Housing 975,504 2.7 Education 94,224 0.3 Total 35,691,673 100.0 The floods caused heavy damage to the country’s transport infrastructure, including roads and bridges at national, regional and local level. According to the impact assessment, total costs in the transport sector were EUR 15.276 million, or 42.8 percent of all flood damages and losses. Damage to roads was assessed at EUR 2.27 million overall, and damage to bridges, at EUR 2.117 million. In all, 197 roads with a total length of 124 kilometers were damaged, including 7 national roads, 21 regional roads and 169 local roads. The floods also completely destroyed 11 bridges (3 regional and 8 local) and damaged 42 bridges (2 national, 6 regional and 34 local). Damages to roads and bridges interrupted transport for short periods in many cases, and in some cases totally cut off transport. This had a negative impact on productive activities and travel between cities and villages in the affected areas. The resulting losses, traffic volume per day, the time required to rehabilitate or rebuild damaged infrastructure, the length of alternative routes and the unit price per kilometer were all calculated according to the PDNA methodology. 3 Table 2. Transport damages and losses per municipality Total damage Total Total Total transport transport Proposed damage Losses Municipality damage (roads + losses + for EU bridges (EUR) roads (EUR) bridges) damages funding (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) 1. Zrnovci 0 975,610 975,610 5,940,000 6,915,610 √ 2. Petrovec 0 65,041 65,041 3,362,218 3,427,259 / 3. Novaci 167,756 81,301 249,057 479,358 728,415 √ 4. Mogila 549,268 97,561 646,829 646,829 √ Makedonska 5. 56,911 0 56,911 572,400 629,311 / Kamenica 6. Sveti Nikole 89,431 61,789 151,220 309,557 460,776 √ 7. Delcevo 0 325,203 325,203 325,203 √ 8. Probishtip 138,211 0 138,211 89,280 227,491 √ 9. Konce 196,877 0 196,877 196,877 √ 10. Negotino 9,106 48,780 57,886 135,000 192,886 / Cesinovo- 11. 73,837 83,707 157,545 157,545 √ Oblesevo 12. Prilep 120,325 13,008 133,333 133,333 / 13. Pehcevo 52,033 81,301 133,333 133,333 / 14. Radovis 126,504 894 127,398 127,398 / 15. Kocani 51,220 73,171 124,390 124,390 / 16. Demir Kapija 49,145 67,657 116,802 116,802 / 17. Vinica 56,098 48,780 104,878 104,878 / 18. Stip 92,683 0 92,683 92,683 / 19. Vasilevo 56,585 31,463 88,049 88,049 / 20 KrivaPalanka 62,177 19,720 81,898 81,898 / 21 Gradsko 81,301 0 81,301 81,301 / 22 Rankovce 36,755 22,755 59,509 59,509 / 23 Bitola 36,748 0 36,748 36,748 / 24 Novo Selo 19,512 3,252 35,722 35,772 / 25 Bosilevo 32,520 0 32,520 32,520 / 26 Krivogastani 29,268 0 32,520 32,520 / 27 Veles 27,642 0 27,642 27,642 / 28 Gevgelija 26,341 0 26,341 26,341 / 29 Struga 10,163 0 10,163 10,163 / 30 Karbinci 8,130 0 8,130 8,130 / 31 Berovo 7,805 0 7,805 7,805 / 32 Resren 5,691 0 5,691 5,691 / Mavrovo- 33 1,626 0 1,626 1,626 / Rostushe Total 2,271,668.80 1,141,644.33 4,388,922.88 10,887,813 15,276,736 As presented in the table above, 33 municipalities in all were affected.