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Native Herbaceous Perennials and Ferns for Shade Gardens
Green Spring Gardens 4603 Green Spring Rd ● Alexandria ● VA 22312 Phone: 703-642-5173 ● TTY: 703-803-3354 www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/greenspring NATIVE HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AND FERNS FOR � SHADE GARDENS IN THE WASHINGTON, D.C. AREA � Native plants are species that existed in Virginia before Jamestown, Virginia was founded in 1607. They are uniquely adapted to local conditions. Native plants provide food and shelter for a myriad of birds, butterflies, and other wildlife. Best of all, gardeners can feel the satisfaction of preserving a part of our natural heritage while enjoying the beauty of native plants in the garden. Hardy herbaceous perennials form little or no woody tissue and live for several years. Some of these plants are short-lived and may live only three years, such as wild columbine, while others can live for decades. They are a group of plants that gardeners are very passionate about because of their lovely foliage and flowers, as well as their wide variety of textures, forms, and heights. Most of these plants are deciduous and die back to the ground in the winter. Ferns, in contrast, have no flowers but grace our gardens with their beautiful foliage. Herbaceous perennials and ferns are a joy to garden with because they are easily moved to create new design combinations and provide an ever-changing scene in the garden. They are appropriate for a wide range of shade gardens, from more formal gardens to naturalistic woodland gardens. The following are useful definitions: Cultivar (cv.) – a cultivated variety designated by single quotes, such as ‘Autumn Bride’. -
Polystichum Perpusillum (Sect. Haplopolystichum, Dryopteridaceae), a New Fern Species from Guizhou, China
Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 67–74 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) Helsinki 26 April 2012 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2012 Polystichum perpusillum (sect. Haplopolystichum, Dryopteridaceae), a new fern species from Guizhou, China Li-Bing Zhang1 & Hai He2,* 1) Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; and Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, USA 2) College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400047, China (*corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]) Received 20 Dec. 2010, final version received 23 Mar. 2011, accepted 24 Mar. 2011 Zhang, L. B. & He, H. 2012: Polystichum perpusillum (sect. Haplopolystichum, Dryopteridaceae), a new fern species from Guizhou, China. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 67–74. Polystichum perpusillum L.B. Zhang & H. He, a new fern species of Polystichum sect. Haplopolystichum (Dryopteridaceae), is described and illustrated from the entrance to a karst cave in southern Guizhou, China. A phylogenetic analysis based on the chlo- roplast trnL-F sequences shows that it is phylogenetically isolated in the section with no close relatives. Morphologically, it is similar to P. minutissimum, but P. perpusillum has an acute lamina apex, up to 12 pairs of pinnae per lamina, and deltoid-ovate or ovate-lanceolate rachis scales, while P. minutissimum has a round lamina apex, 5–8 pairs of pinnae per lamina, and subulate or linear rachis scales. Polystichum perpusil- lum has a granulate sculpture with verrucae on its perispore, a sculpture rare in the genus. The species is considered to be critically endangered. -
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory, -
Ferns As a Shade Crop in Forest Farming
FERNS AS A FOREST FARMING CROP: EFFECTS OF LIGHT LEVELS ON GROWTH AND FROND QUALITY OF SELECTED SPECIES WITH POTENTIAL IN MISSOURI A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri - Columbia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by JOHN D. KLUTHE Dr. H. E. ‘Gene’ Garrett, Thesis Supervisor May 2006 The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled FERNS AS A FOREST FARMING CROP: EFFECTS OF LIGHT LEVELS ON GROWTH AND FROND QUALITY OF SELECTED SPECIES WITH POTENTIAL IN MISSOURI Presented by John D. Kluthe a candidate for the degree of Masters of Science and hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. _______________________________________H.Garrett _______________________________________W.Kurtz _______________________________________M.Ellersieck _______________________________________C.Starbuck ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I thank H. E. ‘Gene’ Garrett, Director of the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry who has patiently guided me to completion of this Master’s thesis. Thanks to my other advisors who have also been very helpful; William B. Kurtz, University of Missouri – Professor of Forestry and Director of Undergraduate Studies in the School of Natural Resources; Christopher Starbuck, University of Missouri – Associate Professor of Horticulture. Furthermore, thanks to Mark Ellersieck, University of Missouri – Professor of Statistics; and Michele Warmund, University of Missouri – Professor of Plant Sciences. Dr. Ellersieck was very helpful analyzing the statistics while Dr. Warmund assisted with defining color with the use of a spectrophotometer. Many thanks to Bom kwan Chun who gladly helped with this study’s chores at HARC. -
Pdf/A (670.91
Phytotaxa 164 (1): 001–016 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.164.1.1 On the monophyly of subfamily Tectarioideae (Polypodiaceae) and the phylogenetic placement of some associated fern genera FA-GUO WANG1, SAM BARRATT2, WILFREDO FALCÓN3, MICHAEL F. FAY4, SAMULI LEHTONEN5, HANNA TUOMISTO5, FU-WU XING1 & MAARTEN J. M. CHRISTENHUSZ4 1Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China. E-mail: [email protected] 2School of Biological and Biomedical Science, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom. 3Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8075 Zurich, Switzerland. 4Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DS, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] (author for correspondence) 5Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. Abstract The fern genus Tectaria has generally been placed in the family Tectariaceae or in subfamily Tectarioideae (placed in Dennstaedtiaceae, Dryopteridaceae or Polypodiaceae), both of which have been variously circumscribed in the past. Here we study for the first time the phylogenetic relationships of the associated genera Hypoderris (endemic to the Caribbean), Cionidium (endemic to New Caledonia) and Pseudotectaria (endemic to Madagascar and Comoros) using DNA sequence data. Based on a broad sampling of 72 species of eupolypods I (= Polypodiaceae sensu lato) and three plastid DNA regions (atpA, rbcL and the trnL-F intergenic spacer) we were able to place the three previously unsampled genera. -
New Combinations in Struthiopteris Spicant for the European Flora
Phytotaxa 302 (2): 198–200 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Correspondence ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.2.11 New combinations in Struthiopteris spicant for the European flora PAWEL WASOWICZ1*, JOSE MARIA GABRIEL Y GALAN2 & RUBEN PINO PEREZ3 1 Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Borgir vid Nordurslod, 600 Akureyri, Iceland. e-mail: [email protected] 2 Plant Sciences (Botany) Department, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense. Avda. Jose Antonio Nováis, 12. 28040 Madrid, Spain. e-mail: [email protected] 3 Plant Science and Soil Science Department, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Ponteve- dra, Spain. e-mail: [email protected] *corresponding author Delimitation of genera in Blechnaceae Newman (1844: 8), a subcosmopolitan fern family with ca. 250 species, has remained uncertain for a long time. During the last decade, evidence has been accumulating about the polyphyletism within Blechnum Linnaeus (1753: 1077) (e.g. Shepherd et al. 2007, Rothfels et al. 2012, Gabriel y Galán et al. 2013, Perrie et al. 2014). Recent molecular studies (Gasper et al. 2016a) lead to an updated classification attempting to put morphological characters into a natural, phylogenetic relation (Gasper et al. 2016b). Because of these changes, the species most people associate with the genus Blechnum, B. spicant (Linnaeus 1753: 1066) Roth (1794: 56), is now treated under Struthiopteris Scopoli (1754: 25). Struthiopteris spicant (L.) F.W.Weiss (1770: 287), a widely distributed plant in the Northern Hemisphere, is characterized by having strongly dimorphic fronds (Lawalrée 1964), but it shows certain morphological variability that has led to the recognition of several forms, which have been taxonomically treated in several ways, the varietal rank being the currently accepted. -
Plants That Weren't Tough Enough
University of Alaska Fairbanks School of Natural Resources and Extension Georgeson Botanical Notes No. 82 (1996) - Revised 2014 Plants that Weren’t Tough Enough by Pat Holloway and Pat Wagner Any researcher working in the Far North is well aware of the beneficial attributes of snow as an insulating blanket for both plants and small animals. We learned in graphic detail just how important snow is in Alaska this past winter. The total accumu- lation of snow through January 1996 was only 6 inches (15.2 cm). During that time the minimum winter air temperature at the Garden reached -43oF (-42oC) in December and -48oF (-44oC) in January. Thirty-three percent of the experimental plants in the Garden were killed by this low snowfall. Damage could have been caused by extreme desiccation, frost heaving or an inability to tolerate low temperature extremes. Whatever the cause, the plants are dead, and we will have lots of room next season for new experiments. Some of the plants were heartbreaking losses such as the lilies, tulips, columbines and grape hyacinths. Some grape hyacinths finally emerged in mid summer, but it was quite obvious the damage was severe. Other plants such as tansy, we won’t miss at all because of its invasive nature. Nearly all of the plants that were growing well prior to last winter will be tested again at a later date. One thing is for certain, all the plants listed below will now come with a warning - needs snow cover to survive! Even more remarkable than this list is the one showing the plants that endured this severe winter. -
Morphological and Anatomical Adaptations to Dry, Shady Environments in Adiantum Reniforme Var
Morphological and anatomical adaptations to dry, shady environments in Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae) Di Wu1, Linbao Li1, Xiaobo Ma1, Guiyun Huang1 and Chaodong Yang2 1 Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China 2 Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China ABSTRACT The natural distribution of the rare perennial fern Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae), which is endemic to shady cliff environments, is limited to small areas of Wanzhou County, Chongqing, China. In this study, we used brightfield and epifluorescence microscopy to investigate the anatomical structures and histochemical features that may allow this species to thrive in shady, dry cliff environments. The A. reniforme var. sinense sporophyte had a primary structure and a dictyostele. The plants of this species had an endodermis, sclerenchyma layers and hypodermal sterome, reflecting an adaption to dry cliff environments. Blades had a thin cuticle and isolateral mesophyll, suggesting a tolerance of shady environments. These characteristics are similar to many sciophyte ferns such as Lygodium japonicum and Pteris multifida. Thus, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of A. reniforme var. sinense identified in this study are consistent with adaptations to shady, dry cliff environments. Subjects Conservation Biology, Plant Science Keywords Endodermis, Dictyostele, Sclerenchyma layer, Suberin lamellae, Thin cuticle Submitted 14 April 2020 Accepted 24 August 2020 INTRODUCTION Published 30 September 2020 Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae, subfamily Vittarioideae) is a rare Corresponding authors Guiyun Huang, cliff-dwelling perennial pteridophyte, with a natural distribution limited to small areas of [email protected] Wanzhou County, Chongqing, China. -
Ferns, Cycads, Conifers and Vascular Plants
Flora of Australia Glossary — Ferns, Cycads, Conifers and Vascular plants A main glossary for the Flora of Australia was published in Volume 1 of both printed editions (1981 and 1999). Other volumes contain supplementary glossaries, with specific terms needed for particular families. This electronic glossary is a synthesis of all hard-copy Flora of Australia glossaries and supplementary glossaries published to date. The first Flora of Australia glossary was compiled by Alison McCusker. Mary D. Tindale compiled most of the fern definitions, and the conifer definitions were provided by Ken D. Hill. Russell L. Barrett combined all of these to create the glossary presented here, incorporating additional terms from the printed version of Volume 37. This electronic glossary contains terms used in all volumes, but with particular reference to the flowering plants (Volumes 2–50). This glossary will be updated as future volumes are published. It is the standard to be used by authors compiling future taxon treatments for the Flora of Australia. It also comprises the terms used in Species Plantarum — Flora of the World. Alternative terms For some preferred terms (in bold), alternative terms are also highlighted (in parentheses). For example, apiculum is the preferred term, and (=apiculus) is an alternative. Preferred terms are those also used in Species Plantarum — Flora of the World. © Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 2017. Flora of Australia Glossary — Ferns, Cycads, Conifers and Vascular plants is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. -
The Fern Family Blechnaceae: Old and New
ANDRÉ LUÍS DE GASPER THE FERN FAMILY BLECHNACEAE: OLD AND NEW GENERA RE-EVALUATED, USING MOLECULAR DATA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal do Departamento de Botânica do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Vegetal. Área de Concentração Taxonomia vegetal BELO HORIZONTE – MG 2016 ANDRÉ LUÍS DE GASPER THE FERN FAMILY BLECHNACEAE: OLD AND NEW GENERA RE-EVALUATED, USING MOLECULAR DATA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal do Departamento de Botânica do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Vegetal. Área de Concentração Taxonomia Vegetal Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alexandre Salino Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora BELO HORIZONTE – MG 2016 Gasper, André Luís. 043 Thefern family blechnaceae : old and new genera re- evaluated, using molecular data [manuscrito] / André Luís Gasper. – 2016. 160 f. : il. ; 29,5 cm. Orientador: Alexandre Salino. Co-orientador: Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Botânica. 1. Filogenia - Teses. 2. Samambaia – Teses. 3. RbcL. 4. Rps4. 5. Trnl. 5. TrnF. 6. Biologia vegetal - Teses. I. Salino, Alexandre. II. Dittrich, Vinícius Antônio de Oliveira. III. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Botânica. IV. Título. À Sabrina, meus pais e a vida, que não se contém! À Lucia Sevegnani, que não pode ver esta obra concluída, mas que sempre foi motivo de inspiração. -
(Polypodiales) Plastomes Reveals Two Hypervariable Regions Maria D
Logacheva et al. BMC Plant Biology 2017, 17(Suppl 2):255 DOI 10.1186/s12870-017-1195-z RESEARCH Open Access Comparative analysis of inverted repeats of polypod fern (Polypodiales) plastomes reveals two hypervariable regions Maria D. Logacheva1, Anastasiya A. Krinitsina1, Maxim S. Belenikin1,2, Kamil Khafizov2,3, Evgenii A. Konorov1,4, Sergey V. Kuptsov1 and Anna S. Speranskaya1,3* From Belyaev Conference Novosibirsk, Russia. 07-10 August 2017 Abstract Background: Ferns are large and underexplored group of vascular plants (~ 11 thousands species). The genomic data available by now include low coverage nuclear genomes sequences and partial sequences of mitochondrial genomes for six species and several plastid genomes. Results: We characterized plastid genomes of three species of Dryopteris, which is one of the largest fern genera, using sequencing of chloroplast DNA enriched samples and performed comparative analysis with available plastomes of Polypodiales, the most species-rich group of ferns. We also sequenced the plastome of Adianthum hispidulum (Pteridaceae). Unexpectedly, we found high variability in the IR region, including duplication of rrn16 in D. blanfordii, complete loss of trnI-GAU in D. filix-mas, its pseudogenization due to the loss of an exon in D. blanfordii. Analysis of previously reported plastomes of Polypodiales demonstrated that Woodwardia unigemmata and Lepisorus clathratus have unusual insertions in the IR region. The sequence of these inserted regions has high similarity to several LSC fragments of ferns outside of Polypodiales and to spacer between tRNA-CGA and tRNA-TTT genes of mitochondrial genome of Asplenium nidus. We suggest that this reflects the ancient DNA transfer from mitochondrial to plastid genome occurred in a common ancestor of ferns. -
Fall 2001 HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY Marlin Rickard to Lecture
THE HARDY FERN FOUNDATION P.O. Box 166 Medina, WA 98039-0166 (206) 870-5363 Web site: www.hardvfems.org The Hardy Fern Foundation was founded in 1989 to establish a comprehen¬ sive collection of the world’s hardy ferns for display, testing, evaluation, public education and introduction to the gardening and horticultural community. Many rare and unusual species, hybrids and varieties are being propagated from spores and tested in selected environments for their different degrees of hardiness and ornamental garden value. The primary fern display and test garden is located at, and in conjunction with, The Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden at the Weyerhaeuser Corpo¬ rate Headquarters, in Federal Way, Washington. Satellite fem gardens are at the Stephen Austin Arboretum, Nacogdoches, Texas, Birmingham Botanical Gardens, Birmingham, Alabama, California State University at Sacramento, Sacramento, California, Coastal Maine Botanical Garden, Boothbay, Maine, Dallas Arboretum, Dallas, Texas, Denver Botanic Gardens. Denver, Colorado, Georgeson Botanical Garden, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, Harry P. Leu Garden, Orlando, Florida, Inniswood Metro Gardens, Columbus, Ohio, Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, Richmond, Virginia, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, and Strybing Arboretum, San Francisco, California. The fem display gardens are at Bainbridge Island Library, Bainbridge Island, WA, Lakewold, Tacoma, Washington, Les Jardins de Metis, Quebec, Canada, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, and Whitehall Historic Home and Garden, Louisville, KY. Hardy Fem Foundation members participate in a spore exchange, receive a quarterly newsletter and have first access to ferns as they are ready for distribution. Cover Design by Willanna Bradner HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY THE HARDY FERN FOUNDATION Quarterly Volume 11 • No.