Syllabus for Batch III : 2008-2013

Ten Semester Five Year

B.Tech-M.Tech Dual Degree

Converging Technologies

Syllabus

For

Batch III : 2008-2013

Center for Converging Technologies

First Semester Syllabus

First Semester

# Type Subject Code Description Credit

101 Thy PH-01 General Physics: Properties of Matter, 3 Thermal Physics and Optics

102 Thy CH-01 Physical Chemistry 3

103 Thy CS-01 Programming Language: Fundamentals and 3 Applications

104 Thy MT-01 Calculus and Vector Calculus 3

105 Thy BS-01 Biochemistry 3

106 Thy BS-02 Genetics and Evolutionary Biology 3

107 Thy CN-01 Human Behaviour and Basic Psychological 3 Processes

108 Thy GS-01 Basic Rules of Nature 2

109 Thy SK-01 Communication Skill – 1 2

110 Thy AD-01A Mathematics/Biology (Remedial) 2

AD-01B

111 Lab PHL-01 Physics Lab - I 4

112 Lab CHL-01 Chemistry Lab – I 4

113 Lab BSL-01 Biochemistry & Genetics 4

114 Lab CSL-01 Programming in C 4

Theory Paper Paper 101

COURSE PH-01: General Physics: Properties of Matter, Thermal Physics and Optics

Properties of Matter:

Microscopic Considerations: Rough calculation of molecular size and interatomic distance; Forces holding atoms in condensed matter; Short-range and long-range interatomic forces. (4)

General features of the interatomic potential-energy curve: energy depth; equilibrium interatomic distance; slope of the repulsive part of the curve; shape of the curve near its minimum; bulk modulus and the harmonic part of the curve; atomic vibrations and the harmonic part; speed of sound and the harmonic part; anharmonic part of the curve - thermal expansion. (4)

Introductory Structure of Single Crystals: Cubic lattice system and Bravais lattices (sc, bcc, fcc); crystal structure; Rock-salt and diamond structures; Lattice defect and diffusion, mechanical properties and characterization, strain hardening and annealing, solidification process and phase diagram. (5)

Qualitative discussion of ferrous alloy, non ferrous alloy, ceramic, polymer, composite materials, properties of electrical, magnetic and optic, thermal materials, material protection from degradation and failures. (4)

Thermal Physics:

Concept of thermodynamic state, extensive and intensive variables; heat and work, internal energy function and the first law of thermodynamics; fundamental relation and equations of state; concepts of entropy and temperature as conjugate pair of variables; second law of thermodynamics, entropy maximum and energy minimum principles; thermodynamic potentials: enthalpy, Helmholtz potential, Gibbs potential; conditions of equilibrium, concepts of stable, meta-stable and unstable equilibrium; components and phases, Gibbs-Duhem relations; firstorder phase transitions and Clausius-Clapeyron equation. (10) Optics: Diffraction of light : Fresnels half period zones, explanation of rectilinear propagation of light, zone plate, Fresnels diffraction at a straight edge, Fresnels diffraction at a circular aperture, Fraunhoffer diffraction. (4) Resolving Power : Geometrical and spectral resolution, distinction between magnification and resolution, Rayleigh’s criterion for the limit of resolution, resolving power of plane diffraction grating, resolving power of a prism. (4) Polarization of light : Concept of polarization, polarization by reflection, Brewster’s law, polarization by refraction, pile of plates, double refraction, Huygens explanation of double refraction through uniaxial crystals, Nicol prism, phase retardation plates, elliptically and circularly polarized light, detection of plane, elliptically and circularly polarized light, optical rotation - laws of rotation of plane of polarization. (5)

Laser system : Spontaneous & stimulated emission, absorption, Einstein coefficients(only definitions), population inversion, optical & electrical pumping , cavity resonators, properties of lasers, Ruby laser, Helium- Neon laser,uses of laser, idea of holography(qualitative treatment only). (3)

Optical fibers : Structure and types of fibers, fiber optic communication system. (3)

Recommended Books: i Elements of Properties of Matter by D.S. Mathur ii Fundamental University Physics, Alonso & Finn. iii Berkley Physics Course Vol 1 & Vol. 3 iv Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics by F. Reif. v Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics-S. Lokanathan and D.P. Khandelwal. vi Thermodynamics, Kinetic, Theory of Gases and Statistical Mechanics-Sears. vii Optics by Ajoy Ghatak viii Optics by D.P. Khandelwal

Theory Paper Paper 102 COURSE CH-01: Physical Chemistry

Gaseous and Liquid State (9)

Postulates of kinetic theory of gases, deviation from ideal behaviour, van der Waals equation of state.

Critical Phenomena: PV isotherm of real gases, continuity of states, the isotherm of van der Waals equation, relationship between critical constants and van der Waals constants, the law of corresponding states, reduced equation of state.

Molecular Velocities: Root mean square, average and most probable velocities. Qualitative discussion of the Maxwell’s distribution of molecular velocities, collision number, mean free path and collision diameter. Liquefaction of gases (based on Joule-Thomson effect).

Intermolecular forces, structure of liquid (a qualitative description), structural differences between solids, liquid and gases.

Liquid Crystals: Differences between liquid crystals, solid and liquid. Classification, structure of nematic and cholestric phases. Thermography and segment cell.

Solid State (9)

Definition of space lattice, unit cell. Laws of crystallography- (i) Laws of constancy of inter facial angles, (ii) Law of rationality of indices, (iii) Law of symmetry, Symmetry elements in crystal. X-ray diffraction by crystals. Derivation of Braggs equation. Determination of crystal structure of NaCl, KCl and CsCl (Laue’s method and powder method).

Colloidal State, Chemical and Phase Equilibrium (9)

Colloidal State: Definition of colloids, Classification, preparation and properties, inhibition, general applications of colloids, Surfactants, micelles and their classification, critical micelle concentration (CMC). Method of determination of CMC

Chemical Equilibrium : Law of Mass action, Le Chatelier principle, applications of law of mass action (decomposition of PCl 5, N 2O5, Hydrolysis of CH 3COONa) and Le Chatelier principle (formation of NH 3, N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3), etc.

Phase Equilibrium : Phase rule, explanation of terms phase, component, constituent and degrees of freedom, one component system- water and sulphur. Restricted phase rule, condensed systems, two component system-lead and silver system.

Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis: (10)

Chemical Kinetics and its scope, rate of a reaction, factors influencing the rate of a reaction on concentration, temperature, pressure, solvent, light, catalyst.

Concentration dependence of rates, mathematical characteristics of simple Chemical reaction-zero order, first order, second order, pseudo order, half life and mean life. Determination of the order of reaction-differential method, method of integration, method of half life period and isolation method. Radioactive decay as first order phenomenon. Experimental methods of chemical kinetics; conductometric, potentiometric, optical methods and spectrophotometry.

Theories of chemical kinetics: Effect of temperature on rate of reaction, Arrhenius equation, concept of activation energy.

Simple collision theory based on hard sphere model, transition state theory (equilibrium hypothesis). Expression for the rate constant based on equilibrium constant and thermodynamic aspects.

Catalysis: Characteristics of catalyzed reactions, classification of catalysis, miscellaneous examples.

Electrochemistry (8)

Cell diagrams, the Daniel cell, and galvanic cell, Gibb’s energy and cell potential. The Nerst Equation, the single electrode potential. The temperature dependence of cell potential. Kinds of electrodes, equilibrium constant from standard half cell potentials. Significance of half cell determination of activity and activity coefficients from cell potentials, Concentration cells (with and without transference).

Books Recommended :

1. Physical Chemistry by Glasstone.

2. Element of Physical Chemistry by Lewis & Glasstone.

3. Chemical Kinetics by K.J. Laidler.

4. Chemical Kinetics by Frost and Pearson.

5. Physical Chemistry by Kestlan.

Theory Paper Paper 103

COURSE CS-01 : Programming Language Fundamentals and Applications

What is IT, Information systems, Data and Information, IT in Business and Industry, IT in home and play, IT in education and training IT in entertainment and the Arts, IT in Science, Engg. and Maths Personal, social and ethical issues in IT. (4) Basic concepts of programming languages: Programming domains, language evaluation criterion and language categories, evolution of the major programming languages . Describing Syntax and Semantics, formal methods of describing syntax, recursive descent parsing, attribute grammars, dynamic semantics. (5) Names, Variables, Binding, Type checking, Scope and lifetime data types, array types, record types, union types, set types and pointer types, arithmetic expressions, type conversions, relational and Boolean expressions, assignment statements, mixed mode assignment. (6) Statement level control structures, compound statements, selection statement, iterative statements, unconditional branching, guarded commands. (4) Subprogram, fundamentals of subprogram, design issues, parameter passing methods, overloaded subprograms, generic subprograms, separate and independent compilation, design issues for functions, accessing nonlocal environment, user defined overloaded operators, coroutines, implementing subprograms, blocks, implementing dynamic scooping. (10) Programming in C: Character set, variables and constants, keywords, Instructions, assignment statements, arithmetic expression, comment statements, simple input and output, Boolean expressions, Relational operators, logical operators, control structures, decision control structure, loop control structure, case control structure, functions, subroutines, scope and lifetime of identifiers, parameter passing mechanism, arrays and strings, structures, array of structures, Console Input and Output functions, Disk I/O functions, Interaction with hardware, Interrupts and Interrupt Vector table, Unions of structures, operations on bits, usage of enumerated data types. Bit-fields, Pointers to Function, Function returning Pointers, Graphics in C. (16)

Recommended reference books: 1 Robert W. Sebesta: Concepts of Programming Language, Addison Wesley, Pearson Education Asia, 1999. 2 Ramon A. Mata-Toledo and Pauline K. Cushman: Introduction to Computer Science, McGraw Hill International Edition. 3 D. Appleby and J J Vande Kopple: Programming Languages, Tata McGraw Hill, India. 4 Deitel and Deitel: How to Program C, Addison Wesley, Pearson Education Asia, 1999. 5 Bryon Gottfried, Programming with C, McGraw Hill International.

Theory Paper Paper 104 COURSE MT-01: Calculus and Vector Calculus

Differential Calculus (i) Derivative: Higher order derivatives of some standard functions, Leibnitz Theorem. (2) (ii) Mean Value Theorem: Rolles Theorem, Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem, Cauchy’s Mean Value Theorem , Taylor’s Theorem-Statement, proof and some standard examples. (3) (iii) Curvature: Definition, radius of curvature, centre of curvature, circle of curvature, chord of curvature, curvature at the origin. (3) (iv) Partial Differentiation: Partial differential coefficients, Euler’s theorem on homogeneous functions, Total differential coefficients, Differentiation of implicit functions. (4) (v) Envelopes and Evolutes: Envelope, Evolute (Definition and some standard examples). (1) (vi) Maxima and Minima : Definition, working rule for finding maxima and minima, Applications, Maxima and minima of functions of two variables, Lagrange’s method of undetermined multipliers. (4) (vii) Asymptotes : Definition, asymptotes of the curve y = f (x), Asymptotes by inspection, working rule for finding the asymptotes, Intersection of the curve and its asymptotes, Asymptotes of polar curve. (4) (viii) Curve Tracing: Curve Tracing, Procedure of tracing the curve with polar and parametric equations (5)

Integral Calculus (i) Gamma and Beta functions : Gamma function, Beta function, Relation between Beta and Gamma functions, Duplication formula. (2) (ii) Double and Triple Integrals : Double integral, change of order of integration, Triple integral, Dirichlet’s integral, Liouville’s extension of Dirichlet’s integral. (3) (iii) Area of plane curves (Quadrature): Area between two Cartesian curves, applications of double integrals, volume under surface by double integration, Area of closed curves. (3) (iv) Length of Plane curves (Rectification) : Length of curves, Intrinsic equation of a curve. (2) (v) Volumes and surfaces of solids of Revolution: Volume of solid of revolution, Surface of solid of revolution, Theorems of Pappus, Applications of triple integral. (3) Vector Calculus Scalar point function, vector point function, Differentiation and integration of vector point functions, Directional derivative, Differential Operators (Gradient, Divergence and Curl). Theorems of Gauss, Stokes and Green’s (without pro of) and problem based on these theorems. (6)

Reference Books: 1 N. Piscunov Differential and Integral calculus, Peace Publishers, Moscow. 2 Gorakh Prasad, Differential Calculus, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd., Allahabad. 3 Gorakh Prasad, Integral Calculus, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd., Allahabad. 4 Murrary R. Spiegel, Vector Analysis, Schaum Pub. Co., New York. 5 Shanti Narayan, A Text book of vector calculus, S. Chand & Co. New Delhi.

Theory Paper Paper 105

COURSE BS-01 Biochemistry

1. The Foundations of Biochemistry (1) Cellular foundations, Chemical foundations, Physical foundations, Genetic foundations, and Evolutionary foundations 2. Structure and Catalysis • Water: Weak interactions in aqueous systems, ionization of water, weak acids and weak bases, Buffering against pH change, (1) • Amino Acids and Proteins: Amino acids, Lambert-Beer’s law, peptides & proteins, covalent structure of proteins, protein sequences & evolution (2) • The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins: Overview of protein structure, secondary structure, tertiary & quaternary structure (2) • Carbohydrates: Monosaccharide, disaccharides & polysaccharides, glycoconjugates (2) • Lipids: Storage lipids, structural lipids, lipids as signals, cofactors & Pigments (2) 3. Bioenergetics and Metabolism • Principles of Bioenergetics: Bioenergetics & thermodynamics, phosphoryl group transfers & ATP, biological oxidation-reduction reactions (3) • Glycolysis: Pathway, fate of pyruvate (3) • The Citric Acid Cycle: Acetyl CoA , reactions of Citric Acid cycle, regulation (3) • Enzymes: Introduction, Kinetics, Michalis3-Menten Equation, Regulatory enzymes, Examples of enzymatic reactions (3) • Amino Acid Oxidation: Metabolic fates of amino groups, urea cycle, amino acid Degradation (2) • Oxidative Phosphorylation: Electron transport chain in mitochondria, ATP synthesis regulation of oxidative phosphorylation (2) • Photophosphorylation: Photosynthesis, ATP synthesis by Photophosphorylation (3) • Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria: Photorespiration, C4, CAM pathways, biosynthesis of starch & sucrose, cellulose, Peptidoglycan (3) • Lipid Biosynthesis: Biosynthesis of fatty acids, triacylglycerols, membrane phospholipids. (3) • Fatty Acid catabolism: Digestion, Mobilisation & transport, oxidation, ketone bodies (3) • Biosynthesis of Amino Acids: Nitrogen metabolism, biosynthesis of Amino acids (3) • Secondary Metabolites: General Introduction (1)

Text Book: 1. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry by Nelson and Cox. 4th edition, W.H. Freeman and Company. Reference Books: 1. Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko and Lubert Stryer, Biochemistry 5 th edition. W.H. Freeman and Company. 2. Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet, Biochemistry 3rd edition. John and Wiley Sons’ Inc.

Theory Paper Paper 106

COURSE BS-02: Genetics & Molecular Biology

1. Introduction to Genetics (2) • Importance • Role in Biology • Brief history • Model organisms 2. Basic Principles of Heredity (4) • Mendel’s Experiments o Monohybrid Cross o Dihybrid Cross o Multiple Loci Cross 3. Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics (2) • Sex determination • Sex linked characteristics • X-linked color blindness • Dosage compensation 4. Linkage, recombination and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping (2) • Linkage and recombination between two genes • Linkage and recombination between three genes • Physical chromosome mapping 5. Bacterial and Viral Genetics (4) • Bacterial genetics • Viral genetics 6. Chromosome Variation and mutation (4) • Chromosome morphology • Chromosome rearrangements • Aneuploidy • Polyploidy • Nature of mutation, causes of mutation, study of mutation 7. DNA: The Chemical Nature of The gene (2) • The molecular basis of heredity • Structure of DNA • Special structures in DNA 8. Chromosome Structure and Transposable Gene Elements (2) • The prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosome • Variation in eukaryotic DNA sequence • The nature of Transposable Elements • The structure of Transposable Elements 9. Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles (6) • Birth weight and Genomic Imprinting • Dominance Revisited • Penetrance and Expressivity • Lethal Alleles • Multiple Alleles o Duck-Feather patterns o ABO blood groups • Gene Interaction o Gene interaction that produce novel phenotypes o Gene interaction with epistatis o The complex genetics of coat color in dogs o Complementation • Interaction between Sex and Heredity o Sex-influenced and sex limited characteristics o Cytoplasmic Inheritance o Genetic maternal effect o Genomic imprinting 10. Population and Evolutionary Genetics (2) • Genetic variation • The Hardy Weinberg law • Nonrandom mating • Changes in allelic frequencies 11. DNA Metabolism (4) • DNA Replication:Fundamentals of DNA Replication • DNA synthesis by DNA Polymerase • Types of DNA Polymerase • DNA Replication in Prokaryotes – E.coli • DNA replication in Eukaryotes • DNA Repair o Types of Mutations o DNA Repair system o Types of DNA Repair 12. RNA Metabolism (5) DNA-Dependent Synthesis of RNA • RNA synthesis by RNA Polymerases • Mechanism of Transcription in Prokaryotes • Regulation of Transcription • Termination of Transcription • Transcription in Eukaryotes • Types of DNA Polymerases in Eukaryotes • RNA Processing o Types of RNA Processing o Intron Splicing RNA- dependent Synthesis of RNA and DNA • Reverse Transcription • Role of Retroviruses in Cancer and AIDS • Transposons • Telomerases • RNA synthesis and Biochemical Evolution 13. Protein Metabolism (5) • The Genetic Code • Wobble Hypothesis • Site of Protein Synthesis • Initiation, Elongation and Termination of Protein Synthesis • Post Transcriptional Modification • Protein Folding • Protein Processing • Site of Protein Modification • Protein Targeting and Degradation 14. Regulations of Gene Expression (2) • Principles of Gene Regulation • The Lac Operon- Negative and Positive Regulation of Lac–Operon • DNA Binding Proteins • Transcription Attenuation and Gene Regulation • Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes • Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes • Gene Silencing Text Books: 1. Genetics A Conceptual Approach, 2nd edition – Benjamin A. Pierce 2. Lehninger’s principal of Biochemistry 4th edition -Nelson & Cox Reference Books: 1. Principals of Genetics – Gardner 2. Molecular cell biology, 5th edition - Lodish, Berk, Mastudaira

Theory Paper Paper107

COURSE CN-01: Human Behavior and Basic Psychological Processes

UNIT-I

1 Introduction: Definition and scope of Psychology, Approaches: Biological, Psychodynamic, Behaviorist, Cognitive and humanistic Methods; Experiment: Observation, Interview, Questionnaire and others.

2 Biological bases of behavior: Genes and Behaviour, Hormones and glands, Central Nervous system, Peripheral Nervous system and Autonomic Nervous systems. Cerebral hemispheres, Localization of brain functions. The neuron, neuronal physiology and neurotransmitters. (6)

UNIT-II

1 Mental health and ageing: Brief history of mental health and ageing, stress, disease and ageing, personality and ageing, physiology of ageing. (6)

UNIT-III

1. Learning: Definition, Classical and Operant conditioning. Basic processes: Extinction, Reinforcement, Generalization and Discrimination. Physiological basis of learning.

2. Memory and forgetting : Encoding, Storage and Retrieval processes, Short term and Long term memory, Information processing, Forgetting, Motivated forgetting and Amnesia. Neuro- physiological aspect of memory. (6)

UNIT-IV

1. Motivation and emotion: Meaning of motivation, biogenic and sociogenic motives, the need hierarchy model. Definition of emotion, development, expression and control. Physiological correlates of motivation and emotion.

2. Intelligence: Definition. Genetic, environmental and cross-cultural influences. Multiple intelligence, artificial intelligence and creativity. (6)

UNIT-V

1. Basics of Psychopathology: The concept of normality and abnormality. Causes: Biological, Psycho-social and Socio-cultural. Brief outline of major Psycho-pathologies. 2. Environment and behavior: Effect of behavior on environment: Perception, preferences and awareness of environment. Effects of environment on behaviour: Noise pollution, chemical pollution, crowding and personal space.

3. Sensory and perceptual processes: Sensation, attention and perception: Physiological basis of learning. (6)

Reference Books/material

1. Baron, R.A. (1995). Psychology: The Essential Science. New York: Allyn and Bacon.

2. Zimbardo, P.G. And Weber, A.L. (1997), Psychology, New York: Harper and Colins.

3. Lamm, A. (1997). Introduction to Psychopathology. New York: Sage.

4. Buss, A.II. (1999). Psychopathology. New York: John Wiley.

Theory Paper Paper 108

COURSE GS01:The Basic Rules of Nature and Origin of Life

The Basic Rules of Nature (Informative only) (15) Role of basic science in technology and everyday life. Natural philosophy, Concept of space, time and motion; matter and energy; particles and waves, force, gravitation, fields and interactions, fundamental interactions and their role in nature, inadequacy of classical description. Advent of quantum mechanics, uncertainty and realism. New concept of space and time in special and general relativity. Building blocks of matter, harnessing nuclear energy, energy sources in nature. Descriptions of the basic behavior of matter on microscopic scales (inner space) quarks and leptons;and on scales characteristic of the universe as a whole (outer space). Structure of universe and big bang theory, cosmic microwave background radiation, dark matter and dark energy. Informative discussion of higher dimension space and time, string theory. Origin of Life (5) 1 Theories of Spontaneous generation of Life 2 Theories of the continuity of Life 3 Theories of the origin of life at some distant period of earth’s existence 4 Primary forms of Carbon and Nitrogen compounds 5 The Archaeology of genome 6 Origin of Organic compounds, primary proteins 7 Origin of primary colloidal system 8 Origin of primary organisms 9 Further evolution of primary organisms Molecular Evolution Gene: Organization, Function and Evolution – Levels of genetic organization, Genetic code, structure of gene, multigene families, functioning of gene (DNA replication, protein synthesis, mutation, recombination), genome organization and evolution (different in genome size of species, evolution of multigene families, non coding repetitive DNA sequences) (5) Genes in Population: Fundamentals of population genetics (Genetic variation, Hardy- Weinberg’s Law), forces which change allelic frequencies (mutation and recombination, natural selection, genetic drift, changes in population size, population sub-division, non-random mating, gene flow, genetic changes in quantitative character, genetics and speciation, gene genealogies and coalescent process. (5)

Theory Paper Paper 109

COURSE SK01: Communication Skills -1

COMMUNICATION AS A TOOL: Exploring the relationship between communication and job performance, Raising the quality and effectiveness of contact with colleagues, Using good communication to achieve excellent customer service, Identifying what you can give and receive in vital relationships. (2) GETTING YOUR MESSAGE ACROSS EFFECTIVELY: Laying the groundwork - Communicating with greater clarity and directness, Identifying perceptual filters in communication, Breaking old habits. (2) RECOGNIZING AND DEFUSING DEFENSIVE REACTIONS: Avoiding disempowering communication, Adjusting delivery based upon the listener's body language, employing language that builds authority and credibility, Dealing constructively with anger, overcoming personal challenges. (3) THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION STYLES: Impact on interactions Techniques for determining the styles of others Concrete methods for bridging each of the communication styles (4) DISCUSSING TECHNICAL TOPICS WITH A NON-TECHNICAL AUDIENCE: Jargon: when it can be used safely and when it should be avoided; Matching communication styles to preferred levels of technical detail. (5) COMMUNICATING ACROSS CULTURAL BOUNDARIES: Developing greater sensitivity to cultural differences; Avoiding potential cross-cultural pitfalls. (2) THE ART OF LISTENING: Active listening; Proven techniques for effective listening; Verifying comprehension via feedback; Differentiating between "emotional content" and message content; Overcoming non-listening habits; Lending precision to listening; Verbal impact; Intonation; Rate of speech, Gestures, Facial expressions, Posture, Use of space, Dress, Eye contact, Listening to the whole message. (4) THE CUSTOMER SERVICE PARADIGM: Considering everyone your customer, Methods for focusing on what is essential and important, Techniques for developing an exchange of views with end users and others, Establishing greater value for customers, Techniques for adding value, Communicating cross-culturally, Avoiding an unproductive discussion. (4) DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING OPEN CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION: Uncovering hidden assumptions, Identifying appropriate levels of disclosure, Tips for validating effective communication; Reading between the lines, The impact of openness on relationships, Options for developing greater openness in your work relationships, Straight talk vs. tact in establishing openness. (4) Recommended Books: 1. Messages: The Communication Skills Bookby Matthew McKay , Martha Davis , Patrick Fanning. 2. People Skills: How to Assert Yourself, Listen to Others, and Resolve Conflicts by Robert Bolton

Theory Paper Paper110A COURSE AD-01: Mathematics (i) Sets and Functions: Sets and their representations, types of sets, Domain, Co-domain and range, Functions, Types of functions Composition of functions. (ii) Complex Numbers: Definition, Parts of a complex number, complex conjugate, Representation of a complex number in a plane, Modulus and Argument of a complex number, Algebra of complex numbers, Triangle inequlity, Polar representation of a complex number square roof of a complex number, Cube root of unity. (2) (iii) Sequences and Series: Sequences, Finite and infinite sequences, Arithmetic Progression(AP)-nth term, Sum of terms of an AP, Arithmetic mean (AM) Geometric progression (GP)-nth term, sum of n terms and infinite terms of a G P, Gemometric mean (GM), Harmonic Progression(HP)-nth terms, Harmonic mean (HM). Relation between AM, GM and HM. Arithmetico-geometric series-sum to n terms and sum of infinte arithmetico-Geometric Series. To find ∑n, ∑n²,∑n³. Sum of infinite series, Exponential function, Logarithmic function, Infinite series for loge (1+x) and loge (1-x). (iv) Permutation and Combination: Fundamental principle of counting, Factorial rotation, Permutation as an arrangement, meaning of P (n,r).Combination-meaning of C(n,r), Applications of permutation and combinations. (2) (v) Binomial Theorem Statement and proof of Binomial theorem for positive integral exponent. General and middle terms in Binomial expansions. Properties of Binomial coefficients, Application of Binomial theorem. (1) (vi) Matrices and Determinants: Concept of a matrix, Types of matrices, Addition and Multiplication of matrices, Determinants of a square matrix, Properties of determinants, Applications of dteerminants. Inverse of a matrix, Consistency and in consistency of system of linear equations, Solution of linear equations in two or three variables using inverse of a matrix. (3) (vii) Integration: Indefinite integrals-integration as inverse of differentiation, Properties of integrals, Integration by substitution, partial fractions and their use in integrating rational functions. (5) Definite integrals-Definite integral as limit of a sum, Properties of definite integrals. Applications of definite integrals in finding areas bonded by a curve, Area between two curves, line and circle/parabola/ellipse. (viii) Differential Equations: Order and degree of a differential equation, General and particular solutions, Solution of differential equations by separation of variables method, Homogeneous differential equations of first order and their solutions. solution of linear differential equation dy/dx+f (x)y=Q(x) . (5) (ix) Two-dimensional Coordinate Geometry: Cantiesion system of coordinates in a plane, Distance and section formula, centroid and incentre, Area of a triangle, condition for collinearlity of three points in a plane, Slope of a line, Parallel and perpendicular lines, Intercepts of a line, Two point from, Intercept, Normal and General forms of a line. Angle between two lines, condition for concurrency of three lines, distance of a point from a line. Standard and general forms of equation of a circle, Equation of a circle when end points of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and circle, conditions of tangency of a line, Equations of conic sections (Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola) in standard form (5) 3 Three-dimensional Geometry Coordinate axes and planes in three-dimensional space. Coordinates of a point, distance between two points, section formula, direction ratios and cosines of a line joining two points. Angle between two lines. Equation of a plane, Angle between two planes, Condition of coplanarity of two lines, Equation of a sphere, its centre and radius, Diameter form of equation of a sphere. (5)

Theory Paper Paper 110B COURSE AD–010B Biology

Living World Biology and its branches; relationships with other sciences; scientific methods in Biology; historical breakthroughs; scope of Biology and career options; role of Biology in dispelling myths and misbeliefs; characters of living organisms, (elementary idea of metabolism, transfer of energy at molecular level, open and closed system, homoeostasis, growth and reproduction, adaptation, survival, death). (3) Diversity of Life Variety of living organisms; Systematics; need, history and types of classifications (artificial, natural, phylogenetic); biosystematics; bionomial nomenclature; Two kingdom system, Five kingdom system, their merits and demerits, status of bacteria and virus; botanical gardens and herbaria; zoological parks and museums. Salient features of non-chordates up to phylum level and chordates up to class level) (3) Morphology of Plants and Animals Morphology-root, system & leaf, their structure and modification; Inflorescence, flower fruit, seed and their types; Description of Poaceae, Liliaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Brassicaceae and Asteraceae. (3) Internal structure of plants– Tissues (meristematic and permanent); tissue systems; anatomy of root, stem and leaf of monocot and dicot; secondary growth. (4) Morphology of Animal– Salient features of earthworm, cockroach and rat; tissue systems, structure and function of tissue– epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous. (4)

Reproduction, Growth and Development Modes of reproduction in flowering plants– vegetative propagation (natural and artificial), significance of vegetative propagation; micropropagation; sexual reproduction– development of male and female gametophytes; pollination (types and factors); double fertilisation, incompatibility, embryo development, parthenogenesis and parthenocarpy. (3) Characteristics of Plant growth; growth regulators (phytohormones)– Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, ABA; seed germination– mechanism and factors affecting germination, role of growth regulators in seed dormancy; senescence; abscission; stress factors (salt and water) and growth; plant movement– geotropism, phototropism, turgor growth movements (tropic, nastic and nutation), process of flowering–photoperiodism, vernalisation. (4) Types of reproduction– a general account (asexual and sexual); human male and female reproductive systems; Reproductive cycle in human female, gametogenesis; Fertilization– physical and chemical events; development of zygote upto 3 germinal layers and their derivatives; extra-embryonic membranes; general aspects of placenta. (4) Cellular growth– growth rate and growth curve; hormonal control of growth; mechanism and types of regeneration; ageing– cellular and extracellular changes; theories of ageing. (2)

SECOND SEMESTER SYLLABUS

Second Semester

# Type Subject Code Course Title Credit

201 Thy PH-02 Advance Mechanics and Electrodynamics 3

202 Thy CH-02 Fundamentals of Inorganic and Organic 3 Chemistry 203 Thy CS-02 Object oriented Programming 3 Methodology 204 Thy MT-02 Discrete Mathematics 3

205 Thy BS-03 Instrumentation in biology 3

206 Thy EL-01 Semiconductor electronic Devices and 3 Applications 207 Thy BS-04 Molecular Biology 3

208 Thy MT-03 Differential Equations and Boundary Value 2 Problems 209 Thy CS-03 Database Management Systems 2

210 Thy AD-02 Economic Concepts and Methods, 2 Development and Planning 211 Lab PHL-02 Physics Lab II 4

212 Lab CHL-02 Chemistry Lab II 4

213 Lab BSL-02 Cell Biology Lab 4

214 Lab CSL-02 C++ Computer Programming Lab 4

Theory Paper Paper 201

Course PH-02: Advance Mechanics and Electrodynamics

Advance Mechanics: Constraints and generalized coordinates, Calculus of variations and Lagrange's equations Small Oscillations, Hamilton's equations, Variational principles, Central forces, Collisions and scattering, Rigid body kinematics and dynamics, Canonical transformations. 9 Hrs Special Relativity: empirical evidence for the constancy of c, frames of reference; Lorentz transformations; relativity of simultaneity; twin and other paradoxes, transformation laws for velocity, momentum, energy; mass-energy equivalence; force equations, kinematics of decays and collisions. 8 Hrs Basic principles and applications of statistical mechanics, ideal quantum gases, interacting systems, theories of phase transitions, computer simulations, elementary concepts of non- equilibrium statistical mechanics. 8 Hrs Electrodynamics: Measurement of charge in motion, Invariance of charge. Electric field measured in different frames of references, field of a point charge moving with constant velocity. Force on a moving charge. Interaction between a moving charge and moving charges. 4 Hrs Ampere's circuital law with application. Ampere's law in differential from. Vector potential. Poisson's equation for vector potential, Vector potential and evaluation of B for (i) a current in an infinite solenoid (ii) outside a current carrying long straight wire (iii) inside a long straight wire carrying uniformly current. Field of any current carrying wire. 6 Hrs Transformation relations for different components of electric and magnetic fields between two inertial frames. 3 Hrs Electromagnetic Induction and Maxwell's Equation :-Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Differential form of Faraday's law, Mutual inductance, mutual inductance two circular loops, self inductance of a solenoid of finite length and winding thickness, self inductance of a straight conductor. Energy stored in an inductor and in the magnetic field. transient behaviors of LR circuit. Displacement current, Modified Ampere's law Maxwell's equations in differential and integral form. Maxwell's equations in material media, Boundary conditions for electric and magnetic fields at vacuum-dielectric and vacuum-metal boundaries. 7 Hrs Books Recommended: 1. University Fundamental Physics – Alonso and Finn 2. Electricity and Magnetism- Berkeley Series : Vol. 2. E.M. Purcell 3. Classical Mechanics – H. Goldstein

Theory Paper Paper 202

202 CH02 Fundamentals of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry

Periodic Properties:

Atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity and electron negativity-definition, methods of determination or evaluation, trends in periodic table and applications in predicting and explaining the chemical behavior. 6 Hrs

Chemical bonding:

Ionic, covalent, Metallic and hydrogen bonding Vander waals Interactions, Hybridization, bond angles, bond energy, Valence bond theory. VSEPR theory, Molecular orbital theory of simple diatomic molecules, resonance, hyper conjugation, Inductive and field effects. 7 Hrs

Polymerization and Polymers – Organic polymers:

Addition and condensation polymerization; their mechanism, copolymerization; coordination polymerization, Zigler-Natta catalysts, plastics, Thermoplastic and Dacron and Terelene. Nylon 66; Bakelite, melmac, melamine, polymers. polyactronitriles. Types of inorganic polymers. comparison with organic polymers. synthesis, structural aspects and applications of boranes, silicones, phosphonitrilic halides and condensed phosphates. Elementary idea of the stereochemistry of s polymers, synthetic and natural polymers. 8 Hrs

Mechanism of Organic Reactions and Stereochemistry:

(a)Mechanism of Organic Reactions: Hemolytic and Heterolytic bond breaking. Types of organic reactions, Types of reagents, electrophiles and nucleophiles. Energy consideration. Reactive intermediates-carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, arynes and nitrenes (with examples). Assigning formal charges on intermediates and other ionic species.

(b)Stereochemistry: Concept of isomerism, type of isomerism.

(i) Optical Isomerism: Element of symmetry, chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centre, optical activity, optical activity of molecules with two stereogenic centre, diastereoisomers, threo and erythro isomers, meso compounds, resolution, inversion, retention and racemization, sequence rules, D & L and R & S systems of nomenclature.

(ii) Geometrical Isomerism: E & Z system of nomenclature, determination of configuration of geometrical isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds.

(iii) Conformational Isomerism: Conformational analysis of ethane and n-butane, conformations of cyclohexane, axial and equatorial bonds. 12 Hrs

Arenes and Aromaticity:

(a) Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Aromaticity: Nomenclature and isomerism, structure of benzene, aromaticity, Huckel’s (4n+2) rule and its applications, mechanism of electrophilic substitution (halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts reaction). Effect of substituent groups (inductive, mesomeric and hyperconjugative effects), Activating and deactivating groups, directive influence and orientation.

(b) Organic Synthesis: Synthetic uses of following: Acetoacetic ester, malonic ester, Grignard reagent and benzene diazonium salts. 12 Hrs

Books Recommended : 1. Organic Chemistry, Morrison and Boyd, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Mukherjee and Singh, The Macmillan company of India Ltd. 3. Stereochemistry of Organic compounds, D. Nasipuri, New Age International Publishers and Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, London. 4. Basic Inorganic Chemistry F.A. Cotton. G. Wilkinson and P.L. Gaus. Wiley. 5. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, J.D. Lee, ELBS.

Theory Paper Paper 203

Course CS-02 : Object Oriented Programming Methodology

Necessity of Object Oriented Programming, Essentials of OOP (Encapsulation, Constructors, Destructors, Inheritance, Pointers to Objects, Polymorphism). 5 Hrs

Basic Concepts of Object Oriented Programming, Characteristics of Object-Oriented Languages, Object, Classes in C++, Constructors, Destructors, Complex Class, Matrix class; Classes, Objects and Memory; Structures and Classes; C++ Free Store, Static Class Data, Overload Assignment Operator, Copy Constructor, Data Conversion between Objects of different classes. 12 Hrs

Data structure through C++, Handling Data files (sequential and random), opening and closing files, stacks and queues, linked lists, trees. 15 Hrs

Inheritance Multiple, Private and Protected Inheritance, Virtual Functions, Objects Slicing. 5 Hrs

Input/Output in C++, User defined manipulators, Predefined Stream Objects, File I/O with Streams, Strstreams, Classes within classes, Smart Pointers, Templates, Exception Handling. 8Hrs

Reference Books

1. C. Thomas Wu, An Introduction to OOP with Java, McGraw Hill.

2. Timothy Wood, An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming, Addison Wesley.

3. Deitel and Deitel: How to Program c, Addison Wesley, Pearson Education Asia, 1999.

4. John R. Hubbard, Programming with C++, McGraw Hill International.

Theory Paper Paper-204

Course MT02 : Discrete Mathematics

Sets and Propositions

Cardinality, Mathematical Induction, Principle of inclusion-exclusion, Dearrangements. 3Hrs Language and Grammars

Language, Phrase-structure grammar. 3 Hrs

Permutations and Combinations. 3 Hrs

Relation and functions

Binary relations, Equivalence Relations and Partitions of a Set, Partial order Relation, Chain and Anti chain, Hasse Diagram, total order Relation, Types of functions, Pigeonhole Principle. 6 Hrs

Group, Ring and field Definitions, simple examples and elementary properties only. 6 Hrs

Graph Theory

Graph (p,q), simple graph, Multi-graph and Pseudo-graph, Degree of a vertex in a graph, Directed graph (Digraph), Loop, Parallel edges, finite and infinite graphs, cycle, wheel, operations on graphs, Isomorphism of graphs, connectedness, weighted graphs, Paths and Circuits, Eulerian Path and Eulerian circuit, Hamiltonian circuit, Traveling-Salesman Problem, Planar graphs, Kuratowski's graph. 6 Hrs

Trees

Definition and properties of trees, Rooted tree, sub-tree, Binary tree, Height of Binary tree, Spanning tree, Chromatic number. 4 Hrs

Finite State Machines

Types of Machines, finite state machine, Language determined by an Automation, finite state language. 4 Hrs

Recurrence Relations and Generating Functions

Discrete numeric function, Generating functions, Recurrence relations, Linear homogeneous and non homogeneous recurrence relations with constant coefficient 4 Hrs

Lattices and Boolean Algebra Definition and elementary properties of lattices, Dual of lattice and duality principle.

Definition and elementary theorems on Boolean algebra. Boolean Expression Boolean function, Disjunctive normal form. 6 Hrs

Reference Books:

1. C.L. Liu, Elements of Discrete Mathematics. McGraw-Hill Book Comp., 1986.

2. J.P. tremblay and R. Manohar, Discrete Mathematical Structures with Applications to Computer Science. McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1997.

3. S. Wietala, Discrete Mathematics-A Unified approach. McGraw-Hill Book Co.

4. N. Deo, Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Sciences, Prentice Hall of India, 1990.

5. P.C. Biswal, Discrete Mathematics and Graph Theory, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 2005.

6. S. Lipschutz, M.L. Lipson and V.H. Patil, Discrete Mathematics-Schaum's outlines. Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2006.

Theory Paper Paper 205

BS-03 Instrumentation in biology Basic principles 2 Hrs Biochemical studies Units of measurements Weak electrolytes Buffer solutions - their nature and preparation pH and oxygen electrodes Quantitative biochemical measurements Principles of clinical biochemical analysis Safety in the laboratory Centrifugation 3 Hrs Introduction Basic principles of sedimentation Types, care and safety aspects of centrifuges Preparative centrifugation Analytical centrifugation Microscopy 5 Hrs Introduction The light microscope Optical sectioning Imaging living cells and tissues The stereo microscope The electron microscope Imaging and biochemistry Specialized imaging techniques Image archiving, presentation and further information Protein structure, purification, characterization and function analysis 5 Hrs Ionic properties of amino acids and proteins Protein structure Protein purification Protein structure determination Proteomics and protein function Mass spectrometric techniques 5 Hrs Introduction Ionisation Mass analysers Detectors Structural information by tandem mass spectrometry Analysing protein complexes Computing and database analysis Electrophoretic techniques 5 Hrs General principles Support media Electrophoresis of proteins Electrophoresis of nucleic acids Capillary electrophoresis Microchip electrophoresis Chromatographic techniques 5 Hrs Principles of chromatography Chromatographic performance parameters Liquid chromatography (LPLC and HPLC) Adsorption chromatography Partition chromatography Ion-exchange chromatography Molecular exclusion (gel filtration) chromatography Affinity chromatography Gas-liquid chromatography Thin-layer (planar) chromatography Selection of a chromatographic system Spectroscopic techniques: I :Atomic and molecular electronic spectroscopy 5 Hrs Introduction Gamma-Ray spectroscopy and Gamma-ray resonance spectroscopy X-ray spectroscopy Ultraviolet and visible light spectroscopy Spectrofluorimetry Circular dichroism spectroscopy Turbidimetry and nephelometry Luminometry Atomic spectroscopy Lasers Spectroscopic techniques: II Vibrational spectroscopy and electron and nuclear spin orientation in magnetic fields 5 Hrs Introduction Infrared and Raman spectroscopy Electron spin resonance spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Radioisotope techniques 5 Hrs The nature of radioactivity Detection and measurement of radioactivity Other practical aspects of counting radioactivity and analysis of data Inherent advantages and restrictions of radiotracer experiments Safety aspects Applications of radioisotopes in the biological sciences

Text Book

1. Keith Wilson and John Walker, Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,6 th edition Cambridge University Press 2005. Theory Paper Paper 206

Course EL01: Semiconductor Electronic Devices and Applications

Atomic Structure (Energy levels and electronic configuration),Intermolecular forces, Phases of matter, Types of solids, crystal structure of solids, atomic bonding (ionic, covalent and metallic bonding), Energy band theory of crystals, energy band structure of insulators, semiconductors and metals. 9 Hrs

Mobility and conductivity, Electrons and holes in Intrinsic Semiconductor, Elementary properties of Germanium and Silicon, Donor and Acceptor Impurities, Extrinsic semiconductors, Generation and recombination of charges, diffusion. 6 Hrs

Energy band structure of open circuit p-n junction, depletion region, p-n junction as a rectifier, current components of a p-n diode, Ideal Voltage Ampere characteristics, temperature dependence of the V/I characteristics ,diode tunnel diode, semiconductor photodiode, photovoltaic effect light emitting diodes. 7 Hrs

Half-wave and Full-wave rectifiers, ripple factor, efficiency, voltage regulation, inductor filters, capacitor filters, L and pie section filters, regulated power supplies, information about SMPS supply. 9 Hrs

Bipolar Junction transistors, bipolar transistor action, basic principle of operation open circuited transistor, transistor biased in the active region, current components in a transistor, characteristic curves in common emitter, common base and common collector configuration, expressions for a, B, and Y Hybrid parameters of a transistor. Transistor as an amplifier, characteristics of an amplifier. 10 Hrs

Feed-back concepts and Oscillators. Elementary information about Field Effect transistor, thyristors, opto-electronic devices and display devices. 4 Hrs

Recommended reference books

1. Albert Paul Malvino, Electronic Principles, Mc. Graw Hill. 2.G.K. Mithal, Electronics Devices and circuits, khanna Publishers, Delhi, 2000. 3. Sadra and Smith. Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press, 1999. 4. R.P. Punagin, Basic Electronics, Tata McGraw Hill. 5.Jacob Millman and Christos C. Halkias: Electronic Devices and Circuits, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2000. Theory paper Paper-207 Syllabus BS-04:- Cell biology

I Biomembranes and Cell architecture:

Organelles of Eukaryotic Cell- Endosomes, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi Complex, Plant Vacuoles, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts,

Cytoskeleton (3 types of filaments, organization, micro filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules)

Biomembranes: Lipid and Protein composition, structure and function, physical properties of membranes, distribution of lipids and proteins, interactions of proteins with membranes, functions of plasma membrane 8 Hrs

II Molecular Transport:

Overview of Molecular transport, passive diffusion, membrane proteins mediated . diffusion, different classes of pumps (ATP powered pumps: Na+/H+ ATPase, Muscle Ca+ ATPase, V class, H+ATPase) , Non gated ion channels and resting membrane potential, co-transport (anti porter and symporter), Voltage gated ion channels, neurotransmission. 3 Hrs

III Integrating Cells into tissues :

Cell-cell and Cell-matrix adhesion- Binding of adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix, specialized junctions, cadherins, integrins, tight-junctions, basal lamina, collagen, laminins, proteoglycans.

Plant Tissues- Cellulose microfibrils in cell wall, plasmodesmata. 3 Hrs

IV Cell Signalling:

Signaling molecules and Surface receptors, intracellular signal transduction (secondary messengers, cellular responses), G Protein Coupled receptors, cAMP activated Protein Kinase, TGF P Signaling receptors, cytokine receptors, tyrosine kinase, MAP Kinase pathways, Phosphoinositides as signal transducers. 5 Hrs

V Membrane Trafficking:

Moving proteins into membranes and organelles (Translocation of secretory proteins across the ER membranes, insertion, folding and quality control of proteins in ER, export), sorting of proteins to mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes, Vesicular traffic, secretion and endocytosis ,.Receptor mediated endocytosis, synaptic vesicle function and formation. 3 Hrs VI Cell Cycle and Cell Growth Control :

Overview of cell cycle and control (Protein phosphorylation and degradation), Molecular mechanisms of regulating mitotic events, cell cycle control in mammalian cells (GO, GI, G2, S phase, check points), cyclins, Meiosis: a special type of cell division, crossing over, Cell birth (stem cells, cell fate, cell lineage, heterochromic mutants), Programmed cell death through apoptosis. 5 Hrs

VII Cancer :

Cancer: tumor cells, metastasis, successive oncogenic mutations, genetic basis of cancer (gain of function and loss of function mutations), failure of cell cycle check points, role of p53, retinoblastoma. 3 Hrs

Text Book:-

Molecular Cell Biology:- Harvey Lodish, Arnold Berk, Paul Matsudaira, Chris A. V Kaiser, Monty Krieger, Matthew P. Scott, Lawrence Zipursky, and James Darnell 5th edition. WH Freeman Publication.

Theory Paper Paper 208

MT03 DIFFERNTIAL EQUATIONS AND BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

(i) Equations of First order and first Degree

Linear differential equations and equations reducible to linear form. Exact differential equations and equations which can be made exact. 2 Hrs

(ii) Equations of the First order but not of first Degree Equations solvable for y, x; Equations may be homogeneous in x and y, Equations may be of first degree in x and y (Clairaut’s & Lagrange’s forms) 4 Hrs

(iii) Singular Solutions and Extraneous Loci

Singular Solution, Equation of the tac-locus, Equation of the nodal locus, Equation of the cuspidal locus. 1 Hrs

(iv) Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients Complementary function, Particular Integral, General solution. 2 Hrs

(v) Homogeneous linear Differential Equations with variable Coefficients 2 Hrs

(vi) Simultaneous Differential Equations

Methods of solving simultaneous differential equations, Simultaneous equations of the first order. 3 Hrs

(vii) Linear Differential Equations of Second Order

Complete solution of the differential equations, Reduction to Normal Form or Change of dependent variable, change of the independent variable, solution by operational factors, Method of variation of parameters, Method of undetermined coefficients. 5 Hrs

(viii) Exact Linear Differential Equations of n th order Condition of exactness, Integrating factors. 2 Hrs

(ix) Total Differential Equations

Necessary and sufficient condition for the total differential equation, Methods for solving the total differential equations. 3 Hrs

(x) Partial Differential Equations of The first order Derivation of partial differential equations, Types of integrals of Partial differential equations, Particular forms of non-linear partial differential equations of first order, Charpit’s method. 3 Hrs

(xi) Boundary Value Problems

Eigen values and eigen functions problems, Strum-Liouville boundary value problem, Laplace, Wave and Diffusion equations. 3 Hrs

Reference Books

1. Frank Ayres, Theory and Problems of Differential Equations. McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1972.

2. Richard Bronson, Theory and Problems of Differential Equations. McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1973.

3. W.T. Reid, Ordinary Differential Equations. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1971.

4. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999.

5. J.L. Bansal and H.S. Dhami, Differential Equations, Vol. I & II Jaipur Pub. House, Jaipur.

6. E.A. Coddington, An Introduction to Ordinary Differential Equations. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1968.

7. W.E. Boyce and P.C. Diprima, Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1986.

8. H.T.H. Piaggio, Elementary Treatise on Differential Equations and Their Applications. C.B.S. Publishers & Distributors, Delhi, 1985.

9. Stakgold, Boundary Value Problems of Mathematical Physics. Mac Millan Book. Co., 1969.

Theory Paper Paper 209

Course CS- 03 : Database Management Systems

Data Base management:

Database architectures [Three levels of the architecture: external, conceptual and internal level], centralized and distributed. Database models: hierarchical [Concepts of a Hierarchy, IMS Hierarchy], relational [Concepts of relational model, relational algebra, relational calculus], network [Concepts of a Network, DBTG Network, DBA Scheme declaration]. 10 Hrs Planning a database (tables, queries, forms, reports), Creating and editing database, customizing tables, linking tables, designing and using forms, modifying database structure, maintaining database, Sorting and Indexing database, Querying a database and generating Reports, modifying a Report, exporting a Report to another format. 10 Hrs

Relational Database Management Systems-SQL: Relational Data Structure, Database Design, Normalization, Characteristics and advantages of SQL, SQL language levels, SQL data types and Literals, SQL Operators, types of SQL commands, Tables, Indexes, Views, Nulls, Aggregate Functions, Select statement, Sub queries, Insert, Update and Delete operations, Joins, Unions, Data security, integrity and concurrency, Backup and recovery, numeric and text data in SQL, dealing with dates, Synonyms, Snapshots, Programming with SQL. 10 Hrs

Reference Books:

1. Ramakrishan and Gharke, Database Management Systems, Tata McGraw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.

2. Date C J, Database Management Systems, Pearson Education Asia.

3. Korth H and Silberschataz A, Database System Concepts, McGraw Hill.

4. Geraid V Post, Database Management Systems, Tata McGraw Hill.

5. Naveen Prakash, Introduction to Database Management Systems, Tata McGraw Hill.

6. Leon, and Leon, SQL, Tata McGraw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.

7. Ivan Bayross, Database Technologies, Sybex Computer Books Inc.

Theory paper Paper 210

Course AD02 : Economics Concepts and Methods, Development and Planning

Economics : Nature, scope and methodology. Micro and Macro Economics. 2 Hrs

Basic economics problems, Assumptions in Economic analysis, Theory of Consumer Behavior - Cardinal and ordinal utility approaches., Derivation or Individual Demand Curve, Market Demand Curve, determinants of Demand, Elasticity of Demand. Prices, Income and Substitution effects, Normal, Inferior and Giffens goods. Complementary and substitute goods. Concept and Importance of Consumer Surplus. 6 Hrs

Meaning, Factors and Scale of production, Law's of returns, producers equilibrium, Enterprises problems, Enterprises objectives and constraints. Major components of costs. Supply and Law of supply, Elasticity of supply, Revenue Analysis. 6 Hrs

Concepts of national income, circular flow of income, component and measurement of national income. Relationship between per-capita national income and economic welfare. 8 Hrs

Economic growth, trade and development; The role of institutions in development Resource scarcity; Sustainable development; Aid capital flows and public debt; the political economy of development; social interests and development policy. 8 Hrs

Recommended Books:

1. Mote & Paul : Managerial Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

2. D.M. Mithani: Fundamentals of Business and Managerial Economics, Himalaya Publishing House.

3. Paul A. Samuelson : Economics, Tata Mc Graw Hills, New Delhi.

4. M.L. Seth: Advanced Economic Theory

5. Elhanan Helpman, The Mystery of Economic Growth

6. Barbara Ingham, Economics and Development, Mc Graw Hill

THIRD SEMESTER

Third Semester

# Type Subject Description Credit Code

301 Thy PH-03 Quantum Mechanics – I 3

302 Thy CH-03 Principle and Applications of Molecular 3 Spectroscopy

303 Thy CS-04 Computer Organization and CPU Design 3

304 Thy MT-04 Advanced Mathematics 3

305 Thy BS-05 Developmental Biology 3

306 Lab ES-01 Engineering Skills 3

307 Thy BS-06 Immunology and Microbiology 2

308 Thy CS-05 Programming in Java 2

309 Thy AD-03 Case Study of Science and Technology 2

310 Lab MSL-01 Material Science Lab 4

311 Lab BSL-03 Developmental Biology and Immunology Lab 4

312 Lab CSL-03 Programming in Java Lab 4

Theory paper Paper 301

COURSE PH-03: Quantum Mechanics – I Failure of classical physics and experimental basis of quantum mechanics : Photoelectric effect, Compton Scattering, Black body radiations, Franck-Hertz Experiment, The Bohr Atom, Electron Diffraction, de Broglie Waves, Wave-particle Duality of matter and light. (5) Introduction to Schrodinger wave Mechanics : Schrodinger’s equation, the wave function and its interpretation, the operator representing position , momentum and kinetic energy in one dimension, Hamiltonian operator, eigen functions and eigen values, expectation value of dynamical variables, time –dependent one-dimensional Schrodinger equation for a free particle and for a particle in a potential V (x, t). Relationship between the wave – function of a particle and measurement of its position, normalization condition for the wave function, Boundary and continuity conditions on the wave function. (7) The time independent Schrodinger equation , and Stationary state solution, particle in one dimensional box, eigen function and eigen values, discrete energy levels, uncertainty product, generalization to three dimensions and degeneracy of levels. Finite potential well, Calculation of reflection and transmission coefficients. Tunnel Effect, Qualitative discussion of the application to decay, Square well potential problem calculation of transmission coefficient. Simple harmonic oscillator (One dimensional case, qualitative discussion of its eigen function, energy eigen values, Zero point energy, paritysymmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions with graphical representation. (10) Language of Quantum Mechanics (Dirac): Linear vector spaces, Dirac notation, subspaces, linear operators, Hermitian operators, unitary operators, function of operators, representations in state space, change of representation, the eigen value problem, postulates, essential definitions and commutation relations, commuting observables, the position and momentum representations, process of measurement, expectation values, time dependence of quantum mechanical amplitude. The eigen values and eigen functions of the 1D harmonic oscillator, the mean value and root mean square derivative of X and P, the 3D harmonic oscillator. Angular Momentum: Angular momentum operators and their Commutation Relations, basis states and eigen values, matrix representations of the angular momentum operators and their eigen states, coordinate representations of the orbital angular momentum operators and their eigen state (Spherical Harmonics) Recommended Books : 1. Feynman, Richard P, Robert B.Leighton, and Matthew L. sands Lectures on Physics. Vol 3 Addison – Wesley 2. Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics by, Mc-craw Hill. 3. Ashok Das and A.C. Mellissions: Quantum Mechanics – A Modern Approach, Gordon and Breach science Publishers. Theory paper Paper 302

COURSE CH-03: Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Spectroscopy, Principles & Application

Atomic and Molecular Spectra: Atoms with one electron, Angular wave – functions under central force, quantum numbers, energy levels and degeneracy. Spin and Spin-orbit interaction, splitting of energy levels, space quantization. Pauli’s exclusion principle, occupancies of levels and electronic structure of atoms. Transition between stationary states, emission and absorption spectra, selection rules. Examples-hydrogen, sodium atoms. Hyperfine spectra. Atoms with two electrons and changes in the nature of spectral lines.

Influence of Magnetic field (qualitative discussion only). Energy levels and spectra of diatomic molecules. Linear molecules and geometry of molecules. X-ray spectra. (15)

Quantum Theory of Radiation : Planck’s quantum hypothesis, spectral distribution (no derivation), black body radiation, momentum of photon.

Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter: exponential law of attenuation, photo electric effect, Compton scattering and pair production processes. Einstein’s photoelectric equation, Compton shift formula.

Radiative transitions in solids: spontaneous and stimulated emission, Masers and Lasers, Tunable lasers, solid state lasers. (20)

Spectroscopic Applications : Basic principles, working setup and typical results from optical, Infra-red, Raman and X-ray spectroscopies. (10)

Recommended Books:

1. Physics by M .Alonso and E.J. Finn, Addison Wesley

2. Quantum Physics (Vol.III): Fundamental University, Physics by M. Alnso and E.J.Finn.

3. Quantum Physics: Vol. 4 Berkeley Physics COURSE

4. Elements of Physics: I.S. Grant and W.R. Phillips Oxford University Press.

Theory Paper Paper 303

COURSE CS-04: Computer Organization and CPU Design

Digital Logic Fundamentals : Boolean Algebra, Combinatorial Logic, Combinational Circuit Designs, Basic Sequential Components. (5)

Introduction to Finite State Machines : State diagram and state tables, Mealy and Moore machines, designing state diagrams, from state diagram to implementation. (4)

Instruction Set Architecture: Levels of Programming languages, Assembly Language Instructions, Instruction set architecture design, relatively. Simple Instruction Set Architecture. The 8085 Microprocessor Instruction Set Architecture. (4)

Introduction to Computer Organization : Basic Computer organization, CPU organization, Memory subsystem organization and interfacing, I/O Subsystem Organization and Interfacing, An 8085 based Computer. (5)

CPU Design : Specifying a CPU, Design and implementation of a very simple CPU, Design and implementation of a Relatively simple CPU, shortcomings of the simple CPUs, Internal Architecture of the 8085 Microprocessor. (5)

Micro sequencer Control Unit Design : Basic Microsesquencer Design, (Micros sequencer Operations, Microinstruction Format), Design and Implementation of a very simple Micros sequencer (The basic Layout, Generating the Correct Sequence and designing the mapping Logic, Generating the micro-operation using horizontal Microcode, Generating the micro- operation using Vertical Microcode, Directly Generating the control signals from the microcode), Design and implementation of a Relatively Simple Micro sequencer (Modifying the State Diagram, Designing the Sequencing. Hardware and Microcode, Completing the design using Horizontal Microcode). Reducing the number of Microinstructions (Microsubroutines. Microcode Jumps). Microprogrammed Control Vs Hardwired Control (Complexity of the instruction set, Ease of Modification, Clock Speed). (6)

Computer Arithmetic : Unsigned Notation (Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication, Division), Signed Notation (Signed-Magnitude Notation, Signed-Two’s Complement Notation) Binary Coded Decimal (BCD Numeric Format, Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and Division) Specialized Arithmetic. Hardware (Pipelining, Lookup Tables, Wallace Trees), Floating Point Numbers (Numeric Format, Numeric characteristics, Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and Division. (5)

Memory organization : Memory System, Cache Memory (Associative Memory, Cache Memory and With Associated Mapping, Cache Memory and Direct Mapping, Cache Memory and Set- Associated Mapping, Replacing Data in the Cache, Writing Data to the Cache, Cache Performance), Virtual Memory (Paging, Segmentation, fragmentation, Memory Protection), Beyond the Basis of Cache and Virtual Memory (Beyond the Basis of Cache Memory, Beyond the Basics of Virtual Memory). (3)

Input/Output Organization : Asynchronous Data Transfers (Source-initiated Data Transfer, Destination – initiated Data Transfer, Handshaking), Interrupts (Transferring Data Between the CPU and I/O Devices, Type of Interrupts, Processing Interrupts Interrupt Hardware and Priority, Implementing Interrupts inside the CPU), Direct Memory Access (Incorporating Direct Memory Access (DMA) into a Computer System, DMA Transfer Modes, Modifying the CPU to Work With DMA), IO Processors, Serial Communication (Serial Communication Basics, University Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitters (UARTs)) (4)

Recommended Books:

1. John D Carpinelli: Computer Systems Organization and Architecture, Addison

Wesley, Pearson Education, 2001.

Theory paper Paper 304

COURSE MT-04: Advance Mathematics

Integral Transforms:

Laplace Transform: Definition and its properties, rules manipulation. Laplace transform derivatives and integrals, Properties of inverse Laplace transform, Convolution theorem, Application to solution of ordinary differential equations.

Fourier Transform : Definition and properties of Fourier Sine, cosine and complex transform. Convolution theorem, Fourier transforms derivatives, Application to solution of partial differential equations. (10)

Special Functions:

Legendre Function: Legendre equation and its solution. Generation function of Legendre polynomials, Rodrigues formula. Orthogonal properties and Recurrence relations for Legendre polynomials. Associated Legendre polynominal. (4)

Bessel Function : Bessel equations and its solution. Generating function of Jn (x) Integral expressions for the Bessel functions, Recurrence relations for Jn (x). Orthogonal properties of Bessel functions. (4)

Hermite Function : Hermite differential equations and it’s solution, Hermite polynomial, generating function. Orthogonal properties of Hermite polynomials. Recurrence formulae for Hermite polynomials. (4)

Functions of complex variables:

Analytic Function : Functions of a complex variable, limits, continuity, derivatives, analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equation. Necessary and sufficient conditions for analytic function. Harmonic functions. Conjugate functions. Construction of an analytic function. (10)

Complex Integration : Complex line integrals (simple examples). Cauchy Goursat theorem, Cauchy integral formula, Morera’s theorem, Liouville’s theorem. Residues and Poles: Singularities, Residues, residue theorem. (15)

Recommended Books: 1. Integrals Transforms: S.P. Goyal and A.K. Goyal, Jaipur Publishing House, Jaipur 2. Laplace Transform: Spiegel Schaum Series. 3. Fourier Transform: I. No. Sneddon, Tata Mc Graw Hill 4. Complex Variable: G.N. Purohit S.L. Bhargava and S.P. Goyal, Jaipur Publishing House, Jaipur. 5. Differential Equations: J.L. Bansal and H.S. Dhami Jaipur Publishing House, Jaipur 6. Functions of a complex variable: J.C. Chaturvedi and S.S. Seth Students Friends & Company, Agra 7. Functions of Complex Variable: J.N. Sharma, Krishna Prakashan Mandir, Meerut 8. Complex Variables and Applications: R.V. Churchil and J.W. Brown Mc Graw- Hill Int. Book Co.

Theory Paper Paper: 305

COURSE BS-05: Developmental Biology

Developmental Biology of Plants

Vegetative Phase of Plant Development (4) o Meristems Shoot, Root apical meristems, Primary, Secondary, Auxillary, Intercalary, Floral and Inflorescence meristems o Leaf development Arrangement of Leaf Primordia and their genetic programming. o Root Development Root tip developmental zones Root apical meristems and Cell differentiation. Structure of flower (1) Development of male gametophyte (2) o Microsporangium o Anther wall o Sporogenous tissue o Development process Megasporangium and development of female gametophyte (2) Pollination and fertilization (2) Endosperm (1) Embryo development in Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons (2) o Embryogenesis and establishment of the essential features of the mature plant o Axial and radial patterning. Seed-structure and development (1) Developmental Biology of Animals o Structure of the gametes: Sperm and The Egg (2) Fertilization (3) o Gamete fusion: Fusion of the gametic material o Rearrangement of the egg cytoplasm Early development (4) o Cleavage: Definitions, Planes and Patterns o Blastulation and Morulation o Gastrulation: Definition, Morphogenic cell movements and significance Regeneration: Limb and organ regeneration (2) Stem cells: Types and Applications (3) Animal cloning (1) o Nuclear embryonic transfer techniques o Nuclear transfer technique o Embryonic clone and Teratology Molecular Biology of Plant Development (10) Life cycle of Arabidopsis Special genes for embryogenesis Monopteros gene, SHR, SCR, STM, HOBBIT and Embryo Maturation Genes Initiation and regeneration of developmental pathways Transcription factors and genetic control of plant development MADS box and Homeobox genes Signaling pathways and Protein Kinases Cell’s fate is determined by its position Networks of interacting genes Cell to cell signaling and developmental pathways Molecular and genetic mechanisms of floral control Multiple pathways in the decision to flowering Molecular Biology of Animal Development (5) Drosophila life-cycle and overall development Setting up the body axes Localization of maternal determinants during oogenesis Patterning the early embryo Activation of the pair-rule genes and the establishment of parasegments Segmentation genes and compartments Specification of segment identity. Recommended Books: 1. Plant Physiology – Taiz & Zeiger 4th edition 2. The Plant Cell Journal Vol. 16, 2004 www.plantcell.org 3. Developmental Biology – Walpert 4. Embryology of Angiosperms – Bojwani & Bhatanagar

Skill Paper Paper 306

COURSE ES-01: Engineering Skills

Practical Geometry (20)

1. (i) Lines, Lettering and Dimensioning.

(ii) Scales, Representative factor, Plain Scale, Diagonal Scale and Scale of Chords.

(iii) Conic Section: Construction of Ellipses, Parabola and Hyperbola by different methods.

(iv) Special Curve: Cycloid, Epicycloid, Hypocycloid, Innvolutes.

2. Projection of Points and Lines, True inclinations and True length of straight lines.

3. Projection of Plane and Solids: Projection of planes, Pyramids, Cylinder and Cone.

Machine Drawing (25)

4. Projections: Type of projection, orthographic projection, First angle and Third angle projection (Three Problem)

5. Sectional view: Half section and Full section. (Three problem)

6. Free Hand Sketches (Ten problem)

Scheme of Examination: Instead of the general scheme of examination applicable in other papers, the following scheme of examination will be applicable for this paper.

There will be a practical examination of three hours duration carrying maximum 100 marks based on sheets prepared by students. Students will be required to qualify this examination by securing at least 40% marks.

Recommended Books:

1. Engineering Drawing by: Siddiquee, Khan, Ahmed, Publication PH1

2. Fundamental of m/c drawing by: Singh and Shah, Ph1

Theory Paper Paper 307

COURSE BS-06: Immunology and Microbiology

I. MICROBIOLOGY (3)

Introduction to Bacteria : Morphology and ultra structure (44), cell size and shape (39-41), capsule, cell wall (55-60), structure and function of flagella, endosperm (73-75).

Important Bacterial Groups: Archaebacteria (503-504) : Halobacteria (514), Methanogens (510-512), Thermoacidophiles (508), Eubacteria: Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria (1)

Introduction to Algae : Habitat and Habit, Cell structure, Pigments, Flagella and food reserves, Reproduction (2)

Introduction to Fungi : Habitat, Fungal cell structure and thallus organization, Cell wall structure, hyphal growth, different types of reproductive structures-asexual and sexual(629-634).

Symbiotic associations of fungi : The Mycorrhizae (698-699) and Lichens (731) (2)

Introduction to Virus : General properties, Concept of viriodes & virusoids, Satellite viruses and prions (467-469), Structure of viruses (409-416)

Principles of virus taxonomy : Classification and nomenclature of different groups of viruses infecting bacteria, fungi, algae, plants animals.

II. IMMUNOLOGY

1. Introduction to immune system (1-20) (2)

Historical perspective, innate immunity, Adaptive immunity, Comparative immunity, Immune dysfunction and its consequences, autoimmunity

2. Cells and organ of the immune system (27-57) (3)

Hematopoisis, cells of the immune system, lymphoid cells-B lymphocytes lymphocytes, natural killer cells mononuclear phagocytes, granulocytesneutrophills, eosinophills, basophills, mast cells, organ of the immune systemprimary and secondary immune system

3. Generation of B-cell and T-cell responses (61-78) (2)

Antigens-immunogenicity versus antigencity and factor that influences immunogenicity, epitopes, haptens and antigencity

4. Antibodies: Structure and functions (83-110) (3)

Structure of antibodies, immunoglobin fine structure, antibody classes and biological activities- immunologic M, A, E, D, Antigenic determinant on immunoglobins-isotypes, allotypes, ididotypes, the B-cell receptor, the immunoglobinn super family and monoclonal antibodies

5. Antigen antibody interaction: principle and application (149-170) (3)

Strength of antigen-antibody interaction, cross reactivity, precipitation reaction, agglutination reaction, Radioimmunoassay, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay- Indirect, Direct, competitive ELISA, Western blotting, Immunoprecipitation, Flow cytometery and fluorescence

6. Major Histocompatibility complex (173-193) (2)

Organization and inheritance of the M.H.C., MHC molecules and genes Distribution of MHC molecules, MHC and immune responsiveness, MHC and Disease Susceptibility

7. Antigen Processing and presentation (201-212) (2)

Role of Antigen-Presenting cells, Processing and presentation pathway, endogenous antigen: the cytosolic pathway, exogenous “the endocytic pathway”

8. Hypersensitivity reaction & Vaccines (395-417 ) (3)

IgE - Mediated (type 1) hypersensitivity, Antibody-Mediated (type 2) Hypersensitivity, Immune complex –Mediated (type 3) hypersensitivity, Delayed type hypersensitivity (type 4), Active and passive immunization, designing vaccine for active immunization, whole organism vaccines, purified macromolecules as vaccines, recombinant-vector vaccines, DNA- vaccines, multisubunit vaccines

9. Transplantation Immunology (517-534) (2)

Immunologic basis of Graft Rejection, Clinical manifestation of graph rejections, general immunosuppressive therapy, specific immunosuppressive therapy, immune tolerance to allographs, clinical transplantation.

Recommended Books:

1. Immunology-Richard A. Goldsby, Thomson J.Kindt, Brabara A. Osborne, Janis Kuby

2. Microbiology -Prescott, M.Lansing, Harly, P.John, Klein, A.Donald.

3. Roitt’s Essential Immunology-Peter J. Delves Seamus J. Martin,Dennis R. Burton and Ivan Theory Paper Paper 308

COURSE CS-05: Programming In Java

Overview of Object Oriented Programming: Introduction to Java Development environment, Overview of Control Structures, Program Modules in java (methods, classes, packages), Crating and executing a Java program, classes, objects and instance variables (private, public, protected), Data types (primitive types vs. reference type), GUI (using Dialog boxes), static methods, static fields, class Math , using this reference, constructors, garbage collection and method finalize , static class members, final instance variables method overloading, Java API packages, importing Java API packages, Creating Packages, Arrays in Java (declaring, creating and passing arrays to methods). (4) Inheritances: Composition, Superclasses and Subclasses, behavior of private, public, protected members in inheritance, relationship between superclass objects and subclass objects, constructors and finalizers in subclasses, object class. (2) Polymorphism : Introduction, dynamic method binding, abstract superclasses and methods, concrete classes, instance of operator and downcasting, allowed assignments between superclass and subclass variables, final methods and classes, creating and using interfaces, inner classes. (3) GUI components: input/output with JOption Pane, overview of swing components, displaying text and images in a window, event handling, JLabel, JText Field, JPassword Field, JTextArea, JButton, JCheckBox, JComboBox, Jlist , Mouse event handling, adapter classes, JPanel subclass for drawing with mouse, key-event handling, layout managers (Flowlayout, Borderlayout, Gridlayout), menus and frames. (6) Graphics and Java2D: Graphics Contexts and Graphics Objects, color control, font control, drawing lines, rectangles, ovals, arcs, polygons and polylines, Java2DAPI. (4) Files and Streams : Data hierarchy, files and streams, class File , sequential access and random access files. (3) Searching and Sorting : Linear search, Binary search, Selection sort, Insertion sort, Merge sort, Data structures : Self referential classes, dynamic memory allocation, Linked lists, Stacks, Queues and Trees. (3) Java Applets: Introduction, executing an Applet in appletviewer and Web Browser, Applet life- cycle methods, initializing an instance variable with method init. (5) Java Multimedia: images, animation and audio . (5) Recommended Books:

1. Deitel and Deitel: Java How to Program, Sixth edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.

2. Deitel and Deitel: C How to Program, Fourth edition, Pearson Prentice Hall. Theory Paper Paper 309

COURSE AD-03: Case Study of Science Technology & Society

The student will undertake a case study on Science Technology & Society. Students will submit the report and present it before a board of two examiners. The report & presentation will carry a maximum of 100 marks. There will be no theory examination. Students will be required to qualify this examination by securing at least 36% marks. (30)

FOURTH SEMESTER

# Type Code Description Credit

401 Thy PH-04 Statistical and Solid state Physics 3

402 Thy CH-04 Quantum Chemistry 3

403 Thy CS-06 System Analysis and Design 3

404 Thy MT-05 Statistical Methods 3

405 Thy BS-07 Recombinant DNA Technology 3

406 Thy ES-02 Electronic Data Communication 3

407 Thy BS-08 Genomes and Genomics 2

408 Thy CS-07 Numerical Methods and Implementation 2

C/C++ Java

409 Thy AD-04 Technical Reporting 2

411 Lab ESL-01 Workshop Practice Tools 4

412 Lab BSL-04 Recombinant DNA Technology 4

413 Lab CSL-04 Computational Lab 4

Theory Paper Paper 401

Course PH-04 :STATISTICAL AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS

1. Basic Principles, Canonical and Grand Canonical ensembles :

Concept of statistical distribution, phase space, density of states Liouville's theorem, systems and ensemble, entropy in statistical mechanics Connection between thermodynamic and statistical quantities micro canonical ensemble, equation of state, specific hear and entropy of a perfect gas, using microcanonical ensemble. Canonical ensemble, thermodynamic functions for the canonical ensemble, calculation of means values, energy fluctuation in a gas, grand canonical ensemble, thermodynamic functions for the grand canonical ensemble, density fluctuations.

2. Partition functions and Statistics : Partition functions and properties, partition function for an ideal gas and calculation of thermodynamic quantities, Gibbs Paradox, validity of classical approximation, determination of translational, rotational an vibration contributions to the partition function of an ideal diatomic gas. Specific heat of a diatomic gas, ortho and para hydrogen. Identical particles and symmetry requirement, difficulties with Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, quantum distribution functions, Bose Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics and Planck's formula, Bose Einstein condensation, liquid He4 as a Boson system, quantization of harmonic oscillator and creation and annihilation of phonon operators, quantization of fermion operators.

3. Theory of Metals : Fermi-Dirac distribution function, density of states, temperature dependence of Fermi energy, specific heat, use of Fermi-Dirac statistics in the calculation of thermal conductivity and electrical conduction band, Drude theory of light, absorption in metals.

4. Band Theory : Block theorem, Kronig Penny model, effective mass of electrons, Winger- Seqtz approximation, NFE model, tight binding method and calculation of density for a band in simple cubic lattice, pseudo potential method.

Reference Books :

1. Huag : Statistical Mechanics. 2. Reif : Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermodynamical Physics. 3. Rice : Statistical Mechanics and Thermal Physics. 4. Kittle : Introduction to Solid state physics. 5. Kittle : Elementary statistical mechanics. 6. Palteros : Solid State Physics. 7. Levy : Solid State Physics. Theory Paper Paper 402

Course CH-04 : QUANTUM CHEMISTRY

1. Quantum Theory- (Introduction & Principles) – Back Body radiation, Planck’s, hypothesis, limitations of classical mechanics, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, matter waves (e Broglie relation), quantization (atomic spectra) uncertainty principle, sinusoidal wave, classical equation, schrodinger wave equation for a particle, operators and observables, Postulates of quantum mechanics, Born interpretation of wave function, wave function and its significance, normalization and orthogonality conditions, condition for acceptability of a wave function, eigen value and eigen function, principle of superposition and expectation value. (10)

2. Quantum theory and its applications:- Schrodinger equation for particle in a box in one dimensional (boundary condition, allowed energies and wave function etc), particle in three dimensional box, simple harmonic oscillator, Hermite equation, hermite polynomials, energy of simple harmonic oscillation, zero point energy. Schrodinger equation for hydrogen atom in terms of polar coordinates (solution not required), quantum numbers. (15)

3. Quantum theory and molecular structure of simple molecules.

Born opperheimer approximation, molecular orbital, LCAO approximation, expression for bonding and antibonding orbitals. Molecular potential energy curve structure of simple diatomic molecules overlap integral, importance of electron pair in chemical bonding, molecular orbital energy diagram, g,u, classification of molecular orbital and term symbol for diatomic molecules, variation principle (application to helium atom) hybridization as useful concept Huckel approximation for conjugated double bond (C2H4, allyl system butadiene, cyclopropenyl,) calculation of bond order, charge density etc, aromatic stability (benzene) delocalization of energy, valence bond theory of molecular structure of simple molecules, difference between V.B. and M.O. theories. (20)

Recommended Books:

(i) Quantum Chemistry, R.K. Prasad, New age international Pvt. Ltd.

(ii) Introductory Quantum Chemistry, A.K. Chandra, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing Company Limited.

Theory Paper Paper 403

Course CS-06 : SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

1. Element Of System - Why SAD ? system concepts, types of system, elements of system, different approaches to system development – function oriented, object oriented, data oriented, process oriented , SDLC, Modeling Methods process Models waterfall, spiral, Prototyping, organizational chart. Methodologies and tools of SAD, Different people involve at in system Analysis and design. 3. System Development Life Cycle – Recognition of need, Impetus for system change, feasibility study, Analysis, Design, Implements post for Implementation and Maintenance. 4. Role of System Analyst - Analyst/user interface, Behavioral issue Analysis – System planning & initial investigator, strategies for determining information requirement, problem Definition & Project initiation, Background Analysis, gathering Review of service analysis, Efficiency and Fact gathering, Fact Analysis Feasibility study. 5. Information gathering - why, Need for information glairing Information gathering tools. Onsite observation interviews and questionnaires, Review of Written documents, Types of Interview and Questionnaire, instructed, structured alternation. 6. Tools of Structured Analysis . What is structured analysis, various involved (Procedure, pros and whs of each tools) Data Dictionary Decision tree, structured English, Data flow diagram DFD notation, content, diagram selves in DFD, conversion from DFD to structure chart), Entity Relationship Diagram/ Entities, Attributes, Relationship). 7. Feasibility Study . Economic, Technical, Behavioral feasibility, steps in feasibility study. 8. Design . Input/Output and forms design – Input design CRT screen design, Output design and Requirement of Form design file organization and database design. 9. System implementation . H/W selection, S/W selection, Make v/s Buy decision, Documentation, Project Scheduling. 10. System Maintenance – Security and disaster planning and management’s Modern approach to SDLC.

Reference Books- 1. System Analysis and Design, Elias M.Awad. 2. Software Engineering ,Pankaj Jalote, Software Engineering pressman.

Theory Paper Paper404

Course MT-05 : STATISTICAL METHODS

Frequency distributions, Relative frequency distributions, Histogram, frequency polygon, cumulative frequency distributors and ogives, frequency curves, Mean, Medium, Mode and other measures of central tendency, quartiles.

Measures of Dispersion, Mean deviation, standard deviation, Variance, Co variance coefficient of dispersion, coefficient of variation, Moments, Sheppard correction for moments, skewness, Measures of skewness, Kurtosis.

Combinations and permutations, concepts and various of probability, Mathematical and Empirical definitions of probability, Addition and Multiplication theorems of Probability, Conditional Probability, Bayes theorem.

Random Variable, discrete and continuous Random variables, Distribution function, Probability mass function, Probability density function, probability distribution functions of Random variables.

Mathematical Expectation, Addition and Multiplication Theorems of Expectation, expectation of linear combination of Random Variables , moment Generating function, Additive property of Moment Generation function.

Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distributions, Additive properties of Binomial and poisson distribution (Statimraver only), Normal Probability curve.

Curve fitting and principle of least squares, fitting of a straight line and second degree parabola.

Correlation, Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation, Rank correlation coefficient, Regression, Regression coefficients, Properties of Regression Coefficients.

Sampling distributions : Chi- square Distribution, students t- distribution, F and Z Distributions and tests based on the chi square, t, F and Z. Degrees of freedom.

Estimate theory : Estimator , Unbiasedness and efficiency of Estimator, Interval Estimation, confidence coefficient, Maximum likelihood estimates.

Hypothesis Testing: statistical Hypothesis ( simple and Composites) Null hypothesis’, Alternative hypothesis, critical Region, Two types of errors, level of significances, Power of the test, Two tailed and one tailed tests, large sample tests. Time series and forecasting, components of time series, Measurement of trend, Measurement seasonal variations, smoothing of curves, forecasting models.

Analysis of variance one way and two way analysis, ANOVA – table.

Theory Paper Paper 405

Course BS-07: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

I. Why gene cloning and DNA analysis are important (4) a. Development of genetics. b. The advent of gene cloning and the polymerase chain reaction. c. What is gene cloning? d. What is PCR? e. Why gene cloning and PCR are so important? II. Vehicles for gene cloning: Plasmid and Bacteriophages (5) a. Plasmid – basic features of plasmids, size and copy number, conjugation and Compatibility, Plasmid classification b. Plasmid in organism other than bacteria c. Bacteriophages d. Basic features of Bacteriophages. e. Lysogenic phages- gene organization in the K DNA molecule, the linear and Circular form of DNA. f. M13 – a filamentous phage, the attraction of M13 as a cloning vehicle III. Purification of DNA from living cells (5) a. Preparation of total cell DNA- Growing and harvesting a bacterial Culture, Preparation of a cell extract, Purification of DNA from a cell Extract, Concentration of DNA samples, Measurement of DNA Concentration, Preparation of total cell DNA from organism other than bacteria b. Preparation of plasmid DNA- Separation on the basic of size, Separation on the Basic of conformation, Alakaline denaturation, Ethidium bromide –caesium Chloride density gradient centrifugation, Plasmid amplification. c. Preparation of Bacteriophage DNA- Growth of cultures to obtain a high K titre, Preparation of non-lysogenic K phage, Collection of phage from an infected culture, Purification of DNA from K phage particles, Purification of M13DNA causes few problems IV. Manipulation of Purified DNA (6) a. The range of DNA manipulation enzymes- nucleases, ligases, polymerases b. DNA modifying enzymes- topoisimereses c. Enzymes for cutting DNA (restriction endonucleases)- The discovery and functions of restriction endonucleases d. Type II restriction endonucleases, blunt end and sticky ends, The frequency of recognition sequences in a DNA molecule, Restriction digestion, Analysis the result of restriction endonucleases cleavage- separation , visualizing and labeling, Estimation of size of DNA molecule, Mapping the position of different restriction sites on a DNA molecule e. Ligation – joining DNA molecules together – the mode of action of DNA ligase, sticky ends increase the efficiency of ligation. f. Putting sticky ends onto a blunt – ended molecule – linkers, adaptors, producing sticky ends by homopolymer tailing. V. Introduction of DNA in to living cells (3) a. Transformation b. Identification of recombinants c. Introduction of phage DNA into bacterial cells d. Identification of recombinant phages e. Transformation of non bacterial cells VI. Cloning vector for E. Coli (2) a. Vector based on E. Coli plasmid b. Other typical E. Coli plasmid vectors c. Vector based on M13 Bacteriophage d. Vector based on K Bacteriophage. e. Insertion and replacement vector. VII. Cloning vector for eukaryotes (2) a. Vector for yeast and other fungi- yeast integrative plasmid, yeast replicative plasmid, artificial chromosome. b. Cloning Vector for higher plants- Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation.direct gene transfer c. Cloning Vector for animals VIII. How to obtain a clone of specific gene (2) a. Direct selection, b. Identification of clone from a gene library c. Method for clone identification IX . The Polymerase chain reaction (2) a. Designing the oligonucleotide primers for a PCR. b. After the PCR : studying the PCR products- gel electrophoresis, cloning PCR products. X. Studying gene location and structure (5) a. How to study the location of a gene, separating chromosome by gel electrophoresis, in situ hybridization XI. Studying gene expression and function a. Methods for transcript analysis by- electron microscopy, nuclease treatment, primer extension, northern hybridization, RT-PCR, RACE. b. Methods to study the regulation of gene expression- gel retardation, footprinting c. Methods to study protein- protein interactions- phage display, yeast two hybrid system. XII . Production of protein from a cloned gene (3) a. Vectors for expression of foreign genes in E. coli b. Promoter selection. Cassettes and gene fusions. c. Problems with the production of recombination protein in E. coli d. Production of recombinant protein by eykaryotic cells. e. And cancer Using animal cells for recombinant protein production. XIII. Gene cloning and DNA analysis in Medicine (4) a. Production of recombinant pharmaceuticals- recombinant insulin, synthesis of human growth hormone in E. Coli. b. Recombinant factor VIII, Recombinant vaccines. c. Identification of genes responsible for human diseases. d. Gene therapy, Gene therapy and cancer XIV. Gene cloning and DNA analysis in agriculture (2) a. The gene addition approach to plant genetic engineering, b. Gene subtraction- antisense technology c. Problems with genetically modified crop XV . Gene cloning and DNA analysis in forensic science a. DNA analysis in the identification of crime suspects b. Studying kinship by DNA profiling c. Sex identification by DNA analysis

Text Book : Gene Cloning and DAN Analysis: An Introduction - T. A. Brown, Blackwell Science Publishers, Fourth Edition Reference Book: From Genes to Genome – W. Dale, Willey Interscience Publications

Theory Paper Paper 406

Course ES-02 : ELECTRONIC DATA COMMUNICATION

Introduction: A Communication Model, Data Communication, Data Communication Networking (WAN, LAN), Protocols and Protocol Architecture, the OSI Model. 3 hours

Data Transmission : Concepts and Terminology (Transmission Terminology, Frequency, Spectrum, Bandwidth, Time-Domain concepts, Frequency Domain concepts, Data Rate and Bandwidth), Analog and Digital Data Transmission (Data, Signal, Data and Signals, Transmission of Signals), Transmission Impairments (Attenuation, Delay Distortion, Channel Capacity) 5 hours

Transmission Media: Electromagnetic Spectrum for Telecommunication, Guided Transmission Media (Twisted Pair, Coaxial Cable, Optical Fiber), Unguided (Wireless) Transmission Media (Terrestrial and Satellite Microwave, Broadcast Radio, Infrared) 5 hours

Data Encoding: Digital-To-Digital Encoding (NRZ, Multilevel Binary, Biphase, Modulation Rate, Scrambling Techniques:B8ZS, HDB3), Digital-To-Analog Encoding (ASK, FSK, PSK, QAM, Modulation Rate), Analog-To-Digital Encoding (PAM, PCM, Delta Modulation), Analog-To- Analog Encoding (AM, FM, PM) 10 hours

The Data Communication Interface: Parallel Transmission, Serial Transmission (Asynchronous, Synchronous), Line Configurations (Topology, Transmission Modes), Interfacing (DTE, DCE, Characteristics of an Interface) 5 hours

Data Link Control: Flow Control (Stop-and-Wait, Sliding-Window), Error Detection and Correction (Types of Errors, Redundancy, Parity Check: VRC & LRC, CRC: Polynomials, Checksum, Hamming Code), Error Control (Stop-and-Wait ARQ, Go-back-N ARQ, Selective- reject ARQ) 10 hours

Multiplexing: Frequency-Division Multiplexing, Synchronous Time-Division Multiplexing, Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing 7 hours

Reference Books:

1. William Stallings, Data and Computer Communications, Prentice-Hall of India

2. Behrouz Foruzan, Introduction to Data Communication and Networking, Tata McGraw-Hill.

3. Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications, Pearson Education Asia.

4. Wayne Tomasi, Electronic Communications Systems, Pearson Education Asia. Theory Paper Paper 407

Course BS-08 : GENOMES AND GENOMICS

1. Genomes, Transcriptomes and Proteomes (3) a. DNA b. RNA and Transcriptome c. Proteins and Proteome

2. Mapping Genomes (5) a. Genetic and Physical Maps b Genetic Mapping : DNA Markers for Physical Mapping, Linkage Analysis c. Physical Mapping : Restriction Mapping, Fluorescent in situ Hybridisation d. Sequence Tagged site Mapping

3. Sequencing Genomes (4) a. The Methodology for DNA Sequencing : Chain Termination DNA Sequencing, Alternative methods for DNA sequencing. b. Assembly of a Contiguous DNA sequence: Sequence assembly by shotgun method, Sequence assembly by the clone contig method, Whole genome shotgun sequencing. c. The Human Genome Project: The mapping phase of the Human Genome Project, Sequencing the Human Genome, The future of the Human Genome Project

4. Understanding a Genome Sequence (5) a. Locating the genes in a genome sequence : Gene location by sequence inspection, Experimental techniques for gene location. b. Determining the functions of individual genes: Computer analysis of gene function. Assigning gene function by experimental analysis, more detailed studies of the activity of a protein coded by an unknown gene, Annotation of the yeast genome sequence, assigning functions to yeast genes

5. Understanding how a genome functions (5) a. Studying the Transcriptome : Studying a transcriptome by sequence analysis, studying a transcriptome by microarray or chip analysis b. Studying the proteome: Protein profiling, identifying proteins that interact with one another. c. Beyond the proteome : The metabolome, understanding biological systems

6. Eukaryotic nuclear Genome (3) a. Nuclear genomes are contained in chromosomes: packaging of DNA in chromosomes, the special features of metaphase chromosomes b. The genetic features of eukaryotic nuclear genomes.

7. Genome of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organelles (3) a. The Physical features of prokaryotic genomes. b. The genetic features of eukaryotic genomes. c. Eukaryotic organelle genome.

8. Virus genome and mobile genetic elements (2) a. The genome of bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses b. Mobile genetic elements: transcription via an RNA intermediate, DNA transposones

Reference book: Genomes 3, T.A. Brown, Garland Science, 2007

Theory Paper Paper 408

Course CS -07 : NUMERICAL METHODS AND IMPLEMENTATION C/C++ , JAVA

Locating roots of equations:

Bisection method, Newton’s method, Secant method, Muller’s method.

Interpolation and Numerical differentiation :

Newton’s Forward Difference Interpolation, Newton’s Backward Difference Interpolation, Lagrange’s Interpolation Formula, Cubic Spline Interpolation.

Numerical Integration:

Definite Integral, Trapezoid Rule, Simpson’s Rule, Romberg Algorithm, Adaptive Simpson’s Scheme, Gaussian Quadrature Formulas.

Systems of Linear Equations : Naïve Gaussian Elimination, Gaussian Elimination with Scaled Partial Pivoting, Iterative Solution of Linear Systems, Gauss- Seidel Iteration Method, Eigen values and Eigen vectors, Power Methods.

Ordinary Differential Equations : Initial value problem: Analytical vs. Numerical Solution, Taylor Series Methods, Runge Kutta Methods, Stability, Adaptive Runge- Kutta Methods, and Multistep Methods.

Smoothing of Data and the Method of Least Squares: The Method of Least Squares.

Monte Carlo Methods : Random Numbers, Estimation of Areas and Volumes by Monte Carlo Techniques.

Books:

1. Ward Cheney and David Kincaid, Numerical Methods and Computing, Brooks/Cole, 2004

2. Rajaraman V: Computer Oriented Numerical Methods, PHI, 1993

3. K. Sankara Rao, Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers, Prentice Hall India

4. Krishnamurthy E.V., Sen S.K.: Computer Based Numerical Algorithms, East- West Press, 1984. Theory Paper Paper 409

Course AD-04 : TECHNICAL REPORTING (Lab Course)

Examination (Duration two-hour) (Max Marks 100):

Consisting of appropriate set of exercises/questions to test the technical writing and editing skills.

To pass the examination the candidate will have to secure at least 36%. However he/she will be given, in all four chances to qualify the examination.

This course aims to teach both the technical writing and editing skills needed to create specifications design documents, and user or programming guides. Topics include:

1. The writing process: Gathering, writing, reviewing, editing, indexing testing, production and printing, distribution, maintaining and managing releases and soliciting and using customer feed-back.

2. Different types of writing: Marketing, business overviews, user guides reference guides, programming guides, online help and websites.

3. The diplomacy of Technical writing: Handling sticky work situations, how to approach a busy engineer, working with a group/on your own/in a large company or small start up, and role playing.

FIFTH SEMESTER

Fifth Semester

# Type Subject Course Title Credit Code 501 Thy NANO-01 Introduction to Nanotechnology 3

502 Thy NANO-02 Introduction to Nano-electronics 3

503 Thy BIO-01 Resources and Genetic Engineering 3

504 Thy BIO-02 Introduction to Bioinformatics 3

505 Thy ICT-01 Artificial Intelligence-I 3

506 Thy ICT-02 Functional Programming Language 3

507 Thy COGNO-01 Introduction to Cognitive Science 3

508 Thy COGNO-02 Introduction to Neuroscience 3

509 Lab AD-01 Electronics Workshop 4

510 Lab NL-01 Nanosynthesis Laboratory 4

511 Lab BL-01 Plant tissue culture and Bioinformatics Lab 4

512 Lab IL-01 Functional Programming Language Lab 4

Theory Paper Paper No – 501

Course – NANO01 Introduction to Nanotechnologies

1. Emergence of Nanotechnology

Schrodinger equation, Electron confinement, Tunnelling of a particle through potential barrier, Density of states (0D, 1D, 2D, 3D)

2. Synthesis of Nanomaterials

Physical method: Introduction, mechanical method, method based on evaporation, sputter deposition, CVD electric are deposition Ion beam techniques, Nanolithography.

Chemical method: Introduction colloids in solution, growth of nanoparticles, synthesis of metal and semiconductor, nanoparticle by colloidal route, LB, methods microemulsions, SolGel method

3. Characterisation and properties of nanomaterials

Structural characterization, Chemical characterization

Properties: Mechanical, optical, electrical and magnetic

4. Application of Nanomaterials

Molecular electronics and nanoelectronics, Nanobots, catalysis of gold nanocrystals, Band gap Engineered Quantum devices, Nanomechanics, Space and Defence, Carbon Nanotubes Emitters, Photoelectrochemical cells, Medicine and health.

References

1. Introduction to Nanotechnolology – Charles P. poole Jr et John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd.

2. Nanotechnology: Principles and practices – Sulabha K. Kulkarni, Delhi.

3. Nanostructures and Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and application Guozhong cao, Imperial College Press, UK.

4. Nanostrucuted Materials and nanotechnology, Ed. Hari Singh Nalwa (Concise Edition) Academic Press.

Theory Paper Paper No – 502

Course – NANO02 Introduction to Nanoelectronics

Unit I Free and Confined electrons : Free electrons in ID and 3D, Electrons confined to a bounded region of space and quantum numbers, partially confined electrons in finite potential well, quantum dots, wires and wells

Unit II Tunnel Junctions : Tunneling through a potential barrier, potential energy profiles for material interfaces between metal- insulator, metal- semiconductor and metal- insulator – metal junctions. Application of tunneling in field emission. Gate oxide Tunneling and Hot electron effects in MOSFETS, STM, Double barrier tunneling & Resonant Tunneling Diodes.

Unit III Coulomb Blockade: Coulomb blockade in a nanocapacitor, tunnel junctions, Tunnel junction excited by a Current source, Coulomb blockade in a quantum Dot Circuit.

Unit IV The Single Electron Transistor : Single Electron transistor logic, Carbon nanotube Transistor (FETs and SETs, Molecular SETs and Molecular Electronics.

Reference:

1. Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics by George W. Hanson Education

2. Introduction to Nanoelectronics Science, nanotechnology, Engineering and Applications by Vladmir V. mitin et al Cambridge university Press.

Theory Paper Paper No – 503

Course – BIO01 Bio Resources and Genetic Engineering

Bioresourses : 15

1. Biodiversity and Bio resourses: Genetic Diversity, Species Diversity and Ecosystem Diversity, Biodiversity and its origin, Mega diverse countries and Hotspots, projecting biodiversity and Civic Society, Tribal Culture and Biodiversity and value in Biodiversity and value of Biodiversity, Business in Biodiversity (4)

2. Global and local trends in Biodiversity, Biodiversity in land water, mountains, oceans. (2)

3. Agricultural Bioresources and Biodiversity (2)

4. Diversity in Domestic animals. Microbial Diversity (2)

5. Biodiversity in relation to Biotechnology, Threats to Biodiversity, Human Society and loss of Biodiversity, Climate changes and Biodiversity

6. Bioresources of plant and animal origin (2)

Genetic Engineering : 30

1. Gene transfer to animal cells, strategies for gene transfer, Physical transfection techniques (electroporation and ultra sound), selectable markers for animal cells, bacterial and viral vectors

(5)

2. Genetic manipulation of animals, transgenic mice, ES cells for gene, Targeting in mice, applications of GM mice (5)

3. Nuclear transfer technology for animal cloning, Gene transfer in Xenopus Oocytes, Drosophila and fish (4)

4. Gene transfer to plants, plant tissue culture techniques, micropropagation, Callus culture, protoplast culture and regeneration of fertile plants, organogenesis and embryogenesis (8)

5. Strategies for gene transfer to plant cells, Agrobaterium mediated gene, Transfer, Direct DNA transfer using microinjection and particle bombardment, protoplast mediated gene transfer in plants. (5)

6. Promoters, terminators, selectable genes and reporter genes, promoters for monocots and dicots.

7. Regulation of heterologous gene expression, functional analysis of CaMV 35 S promoter, promoter activity and factors affecting promoter activity. Southern, Northern and Western Blotting techniques for confirmation of trangene and its function.

Text Books.

1. A comprehensive Hand Book of Biodiversity on A.K. Ghosh, TERI press 2008

2. Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics by S.B. Primrose and R.M. Twyman, Blackwell publishers, 2006

3. Transgenic plants, E Galoon and A. Breiman, Imperial Colege Press, 1998.

Theory Paper Paper No – 504

BIO-02 Introduction to Bioinformatics

1 Overview of Bioinformatics (5)

History, scope and application, Internet and World Wide Web.

2 Bioinformatics Resources and information Retrieval (7)

Bibliographic databases, Nucleic and sequence database, Genome Database, protein sequence database, structure database, Specialized database, Expression and proteomics database, Database of metabolic pathways, Information Retrieval Systems (Entrez, SRS), NCBI, ExPASy and Ensembl.

3 Sequence Comparison and Alignment (7)

Introduction, sequence alignment reveals function, structure and evolutionary information, principal methods of pairwise sequence alignment, scoring matrices and gap penalties in sequence alignment.

Dotplot analysis, measures of sequence similarity: Scoring schemes, Dynamic programming: Needleman-wunsch algorithm, Significance of alignment, BLAST and FASTA programs, Variants of BLAST and FASTA.

4. Multiple Sequence alignment and phylogenetic Analysis (7)

Introduction, multiple sequence alignments as starting points for phylogenetic analysis, global multiple sequence alignment-CLUSTALW, hidden Markov models of a global, local multiple sequence alignment.

5. Phylogenetics analysis (3)

Phylogeny its definition and understanding, Phylogeny and bioinformatics for evolution.

6. Protein structure: Analysis and prediction (9)

Overview of protein structure, levels of protein structure, super secondary structures, Structure – based protein classification, protein structure database, CASP, protein structure alignment tools (VAST,DALI), protein identification and characterization, primary & secondary structure analysis and prediction, searing for motifs, profiles and patterns, 3-D structure visualization and modeling. 7. Bioinformatics in Drug Discovery (7)

Drug discovery and development-the lead compound, bioinformatics in drug discovery and development.

Drug discovery process, The lead compound, Chemical file formats.

Drug databases and Resources (Pubchem, Drug Bank, Super Drug, Chemfinder).

Chemical sketching (ISIS Draw, Chemsketch).

Recommended Books:

• Fundamental Concepts of Bioinformatics, Dan E Krane, Elaine Nicpon Marieb, Michaeel L Raymer. Benjamin Cummings Publication (Indian Edition)

• Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis, David W Mount, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press. (Indian Edition)

• Introduction to Bioinformatics, Arthur M Lesk, Oxford University Press

Theory Paper Paper No – 505

Course – ICT01 Artificial Intelligence

1. Introduction : What is AI ?, the Turning Test approach, the cognitive modeling approach, the “ laws of thought” Approach add the rational agent approach, foundations of Artificial Intelligence. 2. Intelligent Agents : Agents and Environments, Good Behavior : The concept of Rationality, Performance measures, Rationality, Omniscience, learning, and autonomy, Nature of Environments, the task environment, structure of agents, agent programs, simple reflex agents, Model – based refles agents, Goal – based agents, Utility based agents, Learning agents. 3. Solving Problems by Searching : Problem – Solving Agents, Well defined problems and solutions, Formulating problems, Toy problems, Real Word problems, searching for Solutions, Measuring Problems – solving performance, uniformed search strategies, Breadth – first search, Uniform – cost search, Depth – first search, Depth – limited search, Iterative deepening depth first search, Bidirectional search, Comparing uninformed search strategies, Avoiding Repeated States, searching with partial information, sensorless problems, Contingency problems. 4. Informed search and Exploration : Informed (Heuristic) search Strategies, Greedy bestfirst search, A* search: Minimizing the total estimated solution cost, Memorybounded heuristic search, Heuristic Functions, the effect of heuristic accuracy on performance, Inventing admissible heuristic functions, Learning heuristics from experience, Local Search Algorithms and Optimization Problems, Hill – climbing search, Simulated annealing search, Local beam search, Genetic algorithms, Local Search in Continuous Spaces, Online search Agents and Unknown Environments, Online search problems, Online search agents, Online local search. 5. Constraint Satisfaction Problems: Constraint Satisfaction Problems, 2. Backtracking search for CSPs, Variable and value ordering, Propagating information through constraints. Forward checking, Constraint propagation, Handling special constraints, Intelligent backtracking: looking backward, Local Search for Constraint Satisfaction Problems. 6. Adversarial Search : Optimal Decisions in Games, Optimal strategies, the minimax algorithm, optimal decisions in multiplayer games, AlphaBeta Pruning, Imperfect, RealTime Decisions, Evalutation functions, Cutting off search Games That include an Element of Chance. Position evaluation in games with chance nodes, complexity of expectiminimax, Card games, State of the Art Game Programs. 7. Logic Agents : Knowledge – Based Agents, Wumpus World, Propositional Logic, Reasoning Patterns in Propositional Logic, Effective propositional inference, A complete backtracking algorithm, Local – search algorithms, Hard satisfiability problems, Agents Based on Propositional Logic, Finding pits and wumpuses using logical inference, Keeping track of location and orientation, Circuit – based agents. 8. First – Order Logic : Syntax and Semantics of First – Order Logic, Models for first – order logic, Atomic sentences, Complex sentences, Quantifiers, Universal quantification, existential quantification, nested quantifiers, Connections between Forall and Exists, Using First Order Logic Assertions and queries in firstorders logic. The electronic circuits domain, Identify the task, Assemble the relevant knowledge, Decide on a vocabulary, Encode general knowledge of the domain, Encode the specific problem instance Pose queries to the inference procedure, Debug the knowledge base. 9. Inference in firstorders logic: Propositional vs. First Order Inference, Inference rules for Quantifiers, Reduction to propositional inference, Unification and Lifting, A first order inference rule, Unification, Storage and retrieval, Forward Chaining, First order definite clauses, a simple forward chaining algorithm, Efficient implementation of logic programs, Redundand inference and infinite loops, Constraint logic Programming, Resolution, Conjuctive normal form for firstorder logic, the resolution inference rule, Completeness of resolution, Dealing with equality, Resolution strategies, Theorem provers, Design of a theorem provers, Theorem provers as assistants, Practical uses of theorem provers. 10. Knowledge Representation : Ontological Engineering, Actions, Situations, and Events the ontology of situation calculus, Describing actions in situation calculus, Solving the representational frame problem solving the inferential frame problems, Time and event calculus, Generalized events, Processes, Intervals, Fluents and objects, Mental events and mental objects, a formal theory of beliefs, knowledge and belief, knowledge, time, and action, the Internet Shopping World, Comparing offers, Reasoning with Default information open and closed worlds, Negation as failure and stable model semantics, Circumscription and default logic, Truth Maintenance Systems.

Reference Books: “Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach” (second edition) by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 2008 (The course is based on first ten chapters of the book)

Theory Paper Paper Code : 506

Course – ICT02 Functional Programming Language

Fundamental Concepts : Sessions and scripts, evaluations, values, function, definitions, types, specifications.

Simple Date Types : Booleans, Characters, Enumerations, Tuples, Other types, Type Synonyms, Strings.

Numbers : Natural Numbers, Induction, the Fold Function, Haskell numbers, examples : The rationals, linear and binary search, Church numbers.

Lists: Notations, operations, map and filter, Zip, the Fold functions, laws of fold. Examples: Converting numbers to words, producing class list, arbitrary precision arithmetic, printing a calendar, text processing.

Trees : Binary trees, Binary search trees, Binary heap trees, Rose trees, Example: Huffman trees, meertens number

Efficiency: Lazy evaluations, Asymptotic analysis, Accumulating parameters, Tupling Controlling space, Fusion, finite differencing and deforestation

Abstract Date Types : Modules, Sets, Bags, Flexible arrays, Queues

Infinite lists : Infinite lists as limits, properties of infinite lists, cyclic structures, Example: the paper rock scissors game.

Monads : Monadic interaction, Variations on an evaluator, Monad laws, combining monads.

Parsing: Sequencing, Alteration, Repetition, Efficiency

An automatic Calculator : Basic considerations, expressions, laws and calculations, matching and substitutions, subexpresssions and rewriting, testing the calculator.

Reference Books: “Introduction to Functional Programming” by Richard Bird, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 2008.

(The scope of course based on all chapters of the above referred book) Theory Paper Paper Code : 507

Course COGNO01 Introduction to Cognitive Science

1. Cognitive Science : Introduction, defining Cognition, Historical perspective, Futuristic perspective. (4)

2. Interdisciplinary relevance : with psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, linguistics, anthropology, Computer Science, sociology & biology. (5)

3. Exploring Mind: Multiple approaches. The Representational theory of mind and

theories of Mental Representation. (4)

4. Approaches to Cognitive science : Representation & Computation, Logic, Rules, Concepts, Analogies, Images, Connections. (6)

5. Cognitive Development : Life span development, Piagetion Perspective, Core knowledge perspective, Vygotskion Perspective, Information processing perspective (5)

6. Extensions to Cognitive Science I : (a) Perception (b) Attention (c) Pattern recognition (d) Consciousness (6)

7. Extensions to Cognitive Science II : (a) Memory (b) The Representation of Knowledge (c) Language (d) Mental Imagery. (9)

7. Extensions to Cognitive Science III : (a) Thinking (b) Problem Solving (c) Creativity (d) Human Intelligence (e) Artificial Intelligence (6)

8. Cognitive Science and Societal Dynamics (2)

9. Research Methods in Cognitive Science (2)

References Books:

1.Thagard P. (2005) Mind: Introduction to Cognitive Science. MIT Press.

2. Kolak, D.et.al (2006) Cognitive Science : an introduction to Mind & brain

3. Solso R.L. (2001) Cognitive Psychology Delhi: pearson Education.

4. Berk, L.E. (2003) Child development Delhi: Pearson Education

5. Matlin, M.W. (2002). Theory Paper Paper Code : 508

Course COGNO02: Introduction to Neuroscience

The following will be covered in 45 Credit Hours for the Discipline in Neuroscience:

1. Phylogeny of the Nervous System from Invertebrates to Vertebrates (2)

2. Development of the Nervous System in Man (2)

3. Cell Membrance – Structure and Function (Principles of Trans – Membrane Potentials and Conduction, Graded or Electrototonic and Action Potentials, Myelin and its Role, Alterations of Signal Processing – Epileptic Discharge) (2)

4. Ionic Channels and Pumps (Voltage and Ligand Gated Channels, Mechanisms of Blocking and Inactivation, Restitution of Resting Potential – Ionic Pumps) (2)

5. Synaptic Transmission – (synaptic Transmission – Second Messengers and Related Modifications in Function and Shape of Neurons and Dendrites (4)

6. Brain Development, Formation of Neuronal Connections, Synaptic and Neuronal Plasticity (Critical Periods, Growth Factors, Signal Proteins, Synaptic Plastcitity, Long Term Potentionation and Learning) (4)

7. Gross Brain Anatomy and Physiology of Cerebral Cortex and Lobes namely, Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal and Insular Lobes, Somatic Nervous System including the Motor and Sensory Nervous System, Corpus Callosum, Basal Ganglion, Cerebellum, Limbic System, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Reticular Formation, Brain Stem, Spinal Cord with Reflex Arc Mechanisms and Neurophysiology of Stress (8)

8. Autonomic Nervous System Neurophysiology (Branches, Receptors, Second Messenger System, Actions and Tools/Techniques for Evaluation) (1)

9. Pain and Sensibility (Tactile Perception and Conduction, Signal Modulation at Different Levels from the Spinal cord to the Thalamus, Cortical Integration – Modules, Pain Modulation, Phantom Pain), Opioids system and Addiction Physiology. (4)

10. Movements (Different Aspects of Motor Functions – Principles of Regulation, the Passage from initiation to Realization of a movement, Modulation of an ongoing Movement – the Role of the Cerebellum) (3)

11. Interaction between the Nervous System and other systems (Immunity, Hormones, Homeostasis) (Feedback Circuits, Integrity of the Organism and Physiological interactions, Brain and Sexuality) (4)

12. Sleep Neurophysiology including Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Biological Rhythms (1)

13. Geriatric Neurophysiology in terms of Medial Temporal Lobe System and Hebbian Learning and disorders related to Neuronal Structures, namely Alzheimer’s, Dementias. (2)

14. Introduction to Neuro Economics (Behavior and Decision making under Economical Aspects, Marketing and Neurobiology of Emotions) (2)

15. Special Senses Neurophysiology (Vision, Audition, Olfaction, Taste) (4)

Reference Book:

1. Guyton A.C., Hall J.E. Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th Edition, Elsevier, 2006.

2. Beatty J. (2001) Human Brain. Sage Publications.

3. Aidley DJ, Stanfield PR. Ion Channels : Molecules in action. Cambridge : University Press 1996.

4. Aidley DJ. Physiology of Excitable Cells, 4th edition. Cambridge : University Press, 1998.

5. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM. Principals of Neural Science, 4th edition Newyork: McGrawHill, 2000.

SIXTH SEMESTER

Sixth Semester

# Course Subject Course Title Credit Category Code 601 Thy NANO-03 Synthesis and Characterization of Nano materials 3 – I 602 Thy NANO-04 Synthesis and Characterization of Nano materials 3 – II 603 Thy BIO-03 Metabolic Engineering 3

604 Thy BIO-04 Data warehousing 3

605 Thy ICT-03 Introduction to Quantum Computing 3

606 Thy ICT-04 Introduction to TCP/IP Programming 3

607 Thy COGNO-03 Cognitive Neurology 3

608 Thy COGNO-04 Brain Mapping and Imaging 3

611 Lab NL-02 Nanomaterial Synthesis Lab 4

612 Lab CL-01 Neuroscience Lab 4

613 Lab BL-02 Bioinformatics Lab 4

614 Lab NBIC-01 Mini – NBIC Project 4

Total 40

Theory Paper Paper 601

Course NANO-03: Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials-I

Unit – I Physical growth of Solid Surface

Surface energy, Chemical potential as a function of surface curvature, Electrostatic stabilization, Surface charge density, Electric potential at the proximity of solid surface, Van del' Waals attraction potential, Interactions between two particles: DLVO theory. (9)

Unit – II Nanoparticles: Homogeneous Nucleation

Fundamentals of Homogenous Nucleation, Growth of nuclei controlled by diffusion and surface process, synthesis of metallic, semiconductors and oxide nanoparticles. (12)

Unit – III Nanoparticles: Heterogeneous Nucleation

Fundamentals of Heterogeneous nucleation, synthesis of nanoparticles, kinetically confined synthesis of nanoparicles (microemulsions, aerosol, growth termination, spray pyrolysis, template based synthesis). (12)

Unit - IV 2-D- Nanostructures: Thin Film

Fundamentals of film growth, vacuum science, Physical vapor deposition (Evaporation, Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), Sputtering, Comparison of evaporation and sputtering), Chemical Vapor deposition (Typical chemical reactions, Reaction kinetics, Transport phenomena, CVD methods, Diamond films by CVD). (12)

Recommended Books:

Nanostructures and Nanomaterials: Synthesis: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Guozhong Cao, Imperial College Press.

Theory Paper Paper 602 Course NANO-04: Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials-II

Unit I: X-ray characterization of nano-materials.

X-ray sources (conventional tube and synchrotron radiation) 9 Wide angle X-ray diffraction, Absorption spectroscopy: near X-ray structure & extended X-ray structure, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy. (8)

Unit – II : Optical spectroscopy of nanomaterials: Spectrophotometer: Absorption, transmission and reflection measurements, size dependence of absorption spectrum, determination of optical band gap and its particle size dependence by absorption and reflection mode; Surface plasmon resonance spectrometer and determination of refractive index; photo luminescence studies in nanomaterial. (12)

Unit – III: Transmission Electron Microscopy and Scanning Probe microscopy of Nanoparticles:

A transmission electron microscope, High resolution TEM lattice imaging (Image formation, Contrast mechanisms, Image interpretation, Image simulation), Scanning Probe Microscope: Fundamentals of the techniques, Experimental approaches and data interpretation (Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) /Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS), Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM), Scanning near -field microscopy (SNOM); Energy dispersive X-ray, spectroscopy, comparative and analytical studies of AFM, SEM, TEM. (15)

Unit – IV: Magnetic characterization of nonomaterials: Super paramagnetism; magnetic anisotropy energy, Magnetometry, SQUID, VSM; Faraday Balance, Kerr effect magnetic force microscopy (MFM); Spin polarized STM. (10)

Recommended Books:

1. Characterization of Nanophase material, Zhong lin Wang, Wiley-VCH Verlag.

2. Nanostructures and Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Guozhong Cao, Imperial College Press.

3. Introduction to Magnetic Materials, B.D. Cullity and C.D. Graham; Wiley, A John. Theory Paper Paper 603

COURSE BIO-03: Metabolic Engineering

1. The Essence of Metabolic Engineering (3)

1.1. Importance of Metabolic Engineering 15 1.2. General overview of the book references 20

2. Review of Cellular Metabolism (6) 2.1 An overview of Cellular metabolism 22 2.2 Transport Process 25 2.2.1 Passive Transport 28 2.2.2 Facilitated Diffusion 31 2.2.3 Active Transport 34 2.3 Fueling Reactions 2.3.1 Glycolysis 38 2.3.2 Fermentative Pathways 45 2.3.3 TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation 48 2.3.4 Anaplerotic Pathways 53 2.3.5 Catabolism of fats, organic acids and amino acids 55 2.4 Biosynthetic Reactions 57 2.4.1 Biosynthesis of Amino acids 58 2.4.2 Biosynthesis of Nuc1eic acids, Fatty acids and Other Building Blocks 62 2.5 Polymerization 66 2.6 Growth Energetics 71

3. Comprehensive Models for Cellular Reactions (5) 3.1 Stoichiometry of Cellular Reactions 82 3.2 Reaction Rates 90 3.3 Dynamic Mass Balance 93 3.4 Yield Coefficients and Linear Rate Equations 102 4. Regulation of Metabolic Pathways (6) 4.1 Regulation of Enzymatic Activity 150 4.1.1 Overview of Enzymatic Kinetics 152 4.1.2 Simple Reversible Inhibition Systems 153 4.1.3 Irreversible inhibition 163 4.1.4 Allosteric enzymes: Cooperativity 168 4.2 Regulation of Enzyme Concentration 173 4.2.1 Control of Transcription Initiation 173 4.2.2 Control of Translation 178 4.3 Global Control: Regulation at the whole cell level 180 4.4 Regulation of metabolic networks 188 4.4.1 Branch Point Classification 193 4.4.2 Coupled Reactions and the role of Global currency Metabolites 196 5. Examples of pathway Manipulations: Metabolic Engineering in Practice (15) 5.1 Enhancement of product yield and productivity 205 5.1.1 Ethanol 205 5.1.2 Amino acids 212 5.1.3 Solvents 220 5.2 Extension of Substrate Range 5.2.1 Metabolic Engineering for Pentose Metabolisme for Ethanol production 224 5.2.2 Cellulose-hemicellulose depolymerisaton 229 5.2.3 Lactose and Whey utilization 230 5.2.4 Sucrose utilization 233 5.2.5 Sucrose Degrading microorganisms 233 5.3 Extension of Product Spectrum and Novel Products 235 5.3.1 Antibiotics 235 5.3.2 Polyketides 237 5.3.3 Vitamins 241 5.3.4 Biopolymers 243 5.3.5 Biological Pigments 250 5.3.6 Hydrogen 253 5.3.7 Pentoses: Xylitol 256 5.4 Improvement of Cellular Properties 256 5.4.1 Alteration of Nitrogen Metabolism 257 5.4.2 Enhancement of Oxygen utilization 257 5.4.3 Prevention of overflow metabolism 259 5.4.4 Alteration of Substrate uptake 262 5.4.5 Maintenance of Genetic Stability 263 5.5 Xenobiotic Degradation 266 5.5.1 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 266 5.5.2 Benzene, Toluene, p-Xylene mixtures (BTX) 267 6. Metabolic Pathway Synthesis (5) 6.1 Metabolic Pathway synthesis alogrithm 288 6.2 Overview of the Algorithm 295 6.3 A case study: Lysine biosynthesis 300 6.3.1 The role of oxaloacetate 303 6.3.2 Other Alternatives 304 6.3.3 Restrictions on the maximum yield 306 6.4 Discussion of the algorithm 307 7. Metabolic Flux analysis (5) 7.1. Theory 313 7.2. Overdominated systems 333 7.3 Underdetermined systems: Linear Programming 341 7.4 Sensitivity analysis 347

Recommended Books: Metabolic Engineering, Principles & Methodologies, Gregory N. Stephanopopulas, Aristos A. Aristidov, Jens Nielson.

Theory Paper Paper 604

COURSE BIO-04: Data Warehousing

Introduction to Data Warehousing: Concepts of DW, Characteristics and Principles of DW, Data Warehousing Models, Technical terms related to DW, Data Marts, External Data, Reference Data, Performance issue Security issue. (10)

Project Management & Implementation: Process of Building a Data warehousing Project: Data warehousing Vs Operational System, Building data warehouse and important considerations. The steps involved in Project Management, Project Estimation, Analyzing Risk and probability, Risks involved, CPA. (15)

Data Mining & Technologies: Introduction to Data Mining, Knowledge Base Discovery stems of DM, Link Analysis, Predictive Modeling, Different Analysis for DM, Tools for Data Mining, Cluster Analysis, Decision Trees, OLAP and OLTP Tools. (15)

Application of DW in Government Sector: Introduction, National, Data – warehouses, Censes Data, Prices of Essential Commodities, Bioinformatics. (5)

Recommended Books:

1. Anahory S. & Dennis M. “ Data warehousing in the Real World”, Pearson Education, 1997.

2. R. Ramkrishnan & J Gehrke, Database Management System, MGHISE, 3 rd Edition, 2003

3. Data Warehousing by C.S.R. Prabhu, PHI.

4. Data Mining (Concepts & Techniques), Han & Kamber, Elsevier.

Theory Paper Paper 605

Course ICT-03: Introduction to Quantum Computing

Overview of quantum computing: history, qubits, qubit gates, quantum circuits, quantum algorithms. (6)

Introduction to computer science: Models for computation, Turing machines and circuits, analysis of computational problems, computational complexity, complexity classes, energy and computation. (6)

Quantum circuit: quantum algorithms, qubit operations, measurement, qubit gates, universal gates and operations, quantum' computational complexity, quantum circuit, models, simulation of quantum systems. (8) Quantum Algorithms : Introduction to quantum algorithms, Deut & ch's algorithm, Quantum Fourier transform Shor's algorithm and Grover's search Algorithm, Physical implementation of simple quantum gates. (8)

Quantum Computer : physical realization, conditions for quantum computation" introduction to various types of quantum computers: Harmonic oscillator quantum computer, optical photon quantum computer, optical cavity quantum electro dynamic, Ion traps, Nuclear Magnetic resonance. (10)

Quantum search algorithms and their performance, quantum search as quantum simulation, counting, speeding up the solution of NP complete problems, optimality of search algorithms. (7)

Recommended Books:

1. Quantum Computation and quantum information by Michael A. Nielsen and Isaac L. Chuang, Cambridge Press, (200)

2. Quantum Computing by Vishal sahni, Tata Mgraw Hill(2008)

Theory Paper Paper 606

Course ICT-04: Introduction to TCP/IP Programming

Review of concepts and protocols in TCP/IP: Introduction, internet working, concepts and architecture, ARP, RARP, internet protocol (datagram delivery, routing, ICMP) HELLO, NAT, VPN, client server model, BOOTP, DHCP, NFS. (15)

Socket Programming: Socket fundamentals, elementary TCP and UDP sockets, I/O multiplexing, socket options, elementary name and address conversion. (10)

Advanced Sockets: Introduction to (IPV6, IPV4 and IPV6) interoperability, advanced name and address conversion, daemon process and inetd, advanced I/O and non blocking I/O broadcasting, threads and IP options. (15)

Advanced Topics: Interprocess communication introduction, POSIX IPC and system V IPC, introduction to pipes and FIFOS, doors and sun RPC (introduction only). (5)

Recommended Books:

nd W.R. Stevens – Unix Programming, Vol.I, II, 2 ed. Pearson/Prentice Hall of India

Douglas E. Comer- Internet working with TCP/IP vol. I, II, III, Pearson/PHI

W.R. Stevens – TCP/IP illustrated Vol . I, II III pearson/prentice Hall of India.

Theory Paper Paper – 607

COURSE COGNO-03: Cognitive Neurology

1. Evolution and Development of the Nervous System

Adult Neurogenesis, Genesis and patterning of Primate Cerebral Cortex, Neuronal Migration (2)

2. Plasticity of the Nervous System

Long-term Potentiation, NMDA Receptors and Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission Fetal and Adult Neurogenesis, Stem Cell Plasticity, Structural Functional Plasticity of Hippocampus and Sex and Stress Hormones. (3)

3. Sensory System

Neural Coding and Decision- Making Mechanisms, Functional Subdivisions and Processing streams of Primate Cortex, Characterization of Neural Responses and Neuronal Correlates and Dynamics of Attention and Perception, Short Term Memory for the Rapid Deployment of Attention and Mapping of Sensory System. (9)

4. Motor Systems

Cortical Mechanisms Sub-serving Object Grasping, Action Understanding and Imitation, Neurobiology of Coordinate Transformations, Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Circuits within the Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia and the Control of Action, Representation of Action, Sensorimotor Transformations in the posterior Cortex, Motor Learning and Memory for Reaching and Pointing. (10)

5. Introduction and clinical examination

Overview of cognitive neurology, clinical examination. (2)

6. Neuropsychological testing

Methodology and its variation with the objective, test classification. (4)

7. Lobes of the brain : Clinical applications. (4)

8. Language disorders : Clinical syndromes of aphasia, cognitive approach to aphasia, neurology of language. (4)

9. Apraxia : Classification, executive apraxias, posterior apraxias, polymodel apraxias, ideational apraxia. (4)

10. Consciousness: Neural basis of consciousness and clinical relevance of its impairment.

(2)

11. Memory disorders : Short Term and working memory, episodic memory, retrograde memory, Semantic memory, non declarative forms of memory. (1)

Recommended Books:

1. The Cognitive neuroscience by Michael S. Gazzaniga, Publisher MIT Press Breadford books.

2. Cognitive Neurology – A clinical textbook, Etd by: Stefano F Cappa, Jubina butalebi, Jean Francois Demonent, Paul C Fletcher, Peter Garrad.

Theory Paper Paper 608

COURSE COGNO-04: Brain Mapping and Imaging

UNIT-1: Nerve conduction & Electromyography (8)

o History of Clinical Neurophysiology

o Introduction to electro diagnostic signals & their measurement

o Principles of Nerve conduction study

o Introduction to Electromyography

o Techniques of Electromyography.

UNIT-2: Electroencephalography (12)

Historical Perspectives, Technical aspects of EEG recording and reporting .

UNIT-3: Cerebral Computed Tomography (10)

Introduction to Computed Topography (CT), Principles & Techniques of image reconstructions with CT , Performance of CT scanning.

UNIT-4: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (10)

Introduction to MRI, MRI Techniques: MRI, DWI & PWI, MR Spectroscopy in diagnosis & Neurological Decision – Making.

UNIT-5: Brain Mapping (5)

Introduction & History , Definition & Terminology, Methodology, Data Acquisition & Signal Analysis .

Recommended Books:

1. Clinical Neurophysiology: V. K Mishra & J. Kalita, Elsevier Publication 2 nd edition

2. Clinical Electroencephalography, V.K. Mishra & J Kalita. Elsevier Publication.

3. Cerebral Computed Tomography – A Text Atlas. Weisberg, Nice & Katz, 2 nd edition, 1984. 4. Atlas of Brain Mapping, Topographic Mapping of EEG & Evoked Potentials, Konrad Maurer & Thomas Dierks, springer – Verlag.

5. Seminars in Neurology,(2008) Vol–28,No 4, Neurology Essentials for the clinician. Thieme Medical Publishers, New York.

SEVENTH SEMESTER

# Course Subject Course Title Credit Category Code 701N Thy NANO-05 Optoelectronics Devices 3 702N Thy NANO-06 Nanophotonics 3 703N Thy NANO-07 Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis and Properties 3 701B Thy BIO-05 Agricultural Biotechnology 3 702B Thy BIO-06 Bioprocess Engineering and Technology 3 703B Thy BIO-07 Bioinformatics 3 701I Thy ICT-05 Satellite Communication 3 702I Thy ICT-06 Optical Fiber Communication 3 703I Thy ICT-07 Modern Operating System 3 701C Thy COGNO-05 Philosophy of Mind 3 702C Thy COGNO-06 Principles and Techniques of Neuroscience 3 703C Thy COGNO-07 Introduction to Dynamical systems for 3 Neuroscience 704 Thy ACCT-01 Fundamentals of Accounting 3 711N Lab NL-03 Nanomaterial Fabrication and Characterization Lab 8 712N Lab NL-04 MATLAB Programming Lab-I 8 711B Lab BL-03 Agricultural Biotechnology Lab 8 712B Lab BL-04 Bioinformatics Lab 8 711I Lab IL-03 J2EE Lab 8 712I Lab IL-04 Network Simulation Lab 8 711C Lab CL-03 Cognitive Lab 8 711C Lab CL-04 Neuroscience Lab 8 713 Lab NBIC-02 NBIC Project Lab 8 Total 42/ 111

Theory Paper Paper 701 N

COURSE NANO-05: Optoelectronics Devices

1. SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND LIGHT EMITTING DIODES 15

Semiconductor Concepts and energy Bands, Direct and Indirect Bandgap Semioductors : E-k Diagrams, PN Junction Principles, PN Junction Band Diagram, Light Emitting Diodes, LED Materials, Heterojunction High intensity LEDs, LED Characteristics, LEDs for Optical Fiber Communications.

2. STIMULATED EMISSION DEVICES LASERS 10

Principle of the Laser Diode, Heterostructure Laser Diodes Elementary Laser Diode Characteristics, Steady State Semiconductor: Rate Equation, Light Emitters for Optical Fiber communications, Single Frequency Solid State Lasers, Quantum Well Devices, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting lasers (VCSELs), Optical Laser Amplifiers.

3. PHOTODETECTORS 10

Principle of the PN Junction Photodiode, Ramo’s Theorem and External Photocurrent, Absorption Coefficient and Photodiode Materials, Quantum Efficiency and Responsivity. The pin Photodiode, Avalanche Photodiode, Heterojunction Photodiodes, Photoconductive Detectors and Photoconductive Gain.

4. PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES AND MODULATION OF LIGHT 10

Solar Energy Spectrum, Photovoltaic Device Principles, PN Junction Photovoltaic I-V Characteristics, Series Resistance and Equivalent Circuit, Temperature Effects, Solar Cells Materials, devices and Efficiencies, Electro-Optic Effects, Integrated Optical Modulators, Acousto-Optic Modulator, Magneto-Optic Effects.

Recommended Books:

1. Optoelectronics and photonics : Principles and Practices, Safa O. Kasap, University of Saskatchewan.

Theory Paper Paper 702 N

COURSE NANO-06: Nanophotonics

Unit I Foundations for Nanophotonics 10

Photons and Electrons: Similarities and Differences: Free-Space Propagation, Confinement of Photons and Electrons, Propagation Through a Classically Forbidden Zone: Tunneling, Localization Under a Periodic Potential: Bandgap, Cooperative Effects for Photons and Electrons, Nanoscale Optical Interactions: Axial Nanoscopic Localization, Lateral Nanoscopic Localization.

Unit II Quantum-Confined Materials 10

Quantum Wells, Quantum Wires, Quantum Dots, Quantum Rings, Manifestons of Quantum Confinement: Optical Properties, Examples, Quantum-Confined Stark Effect, Dielectric Confinement Effect, Quantum-Confined Structures as Lasing Media.

Unit III Photonic Crystals 15

Basic Concepts, Theoretical Modeling, Features, Methods of Fabrication, Photonic Crystal Optical Circuitry, Nonlinear Photonic Crystal, Photonic Crystal Fibers, Photonic Crystal and Optical Communications, Photonic Crystal Sensors.

Unit IV Nanophotonics for Biotechnology and Nanomedicine 10

Near-Field Bioimaging, Nanoparticles for Optical Diagnostics and Targeted Therapy, Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Bioimaging, Up-Converting Nanophores for Bioimaging, Biosensing, Nanoclinics for Optical Diagnostics and Targeted Therapy, Nanoclinic Gene Delivery, Nanoclinics for Photodynamic Therapy.

Recommended Books:

1. Nanophotonics- Paras N. Prasad, Wiley Inter Science 2004

2. Nanophotonics- Editad by Herice Rigneault, Jean-Michal Lourtiriz, Claude Delalande, Ariel Leuenson ISTE

Theory Paper Paper 703 N

COURSE NANO-07: Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis and Properties

Unit I Introduction 10

Carbon nanotubes and their structure; Bonding in carbon materials; Fullerene and Carbon nanotubes; Types of Carbon nanotubes; Vector notation for carbon nanotubes; Unit cell of nanotubes; Symmetry classification of nanotubes; Defects in the hexagonal lattice; The layer structure of multiwalled nanotubes; Theory of nanotube capping.

Unit II Synthesis of CNTs 10

Production of MWCNT by Arc-evaporation & its growth mechanism; Production of SWCNT by Arc-evaporation & its growth mechanism; Production of MWCNT by CCVD & its growth mechanism; Production of SWCNT by CCVD & its growth mechanism.

Unit III Properties of CNTs 15

Electronic properties of CNTs, Band structure of single walled tubes, Effect of curvature and tube-tube interaction; Correlation between electronic properties and structure of SWNT; Magnetic properties of nanotubes; Optical Properties of nanotubes: Optical absorption spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy, Thermal Properties of nanotubes; The physical stability of nanotubes, Mechanical properties of carbon naotubes: Theoretical predictions; Experimental observations of MWCNT & SWCNT, Preparation of carbon nanotube/polymer composites; Properties of carbon nanotube/polymer composites; Carbon nanotube/ceramic composites; Carbon nanotube/carbon composite; Carbon nanotube/ metal Composite.

Unit IV Applications of CNTs 10

Nanotube tips for Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM); Preparing nanotube tips: mechanical ••••••••••••assembly; Chemical Vapour Deposition; Imaging using nanotube AFM tips; Gas sensors; Biosensors; Physical sensors; Nanoelectronics devices using CNT: Diode, Field effect transistors, Logic circuits. Biological functionalization: Proteins; Nucleic acids.

Recommended Books:

1. Carbon Nanotube Science; Synthesis, Properties and Applications- Peter J.F. Harris Cambridge University Press.

2. Carbon Nanotubes; Properties and Applications- Edited by Michael J.O. Connell. Theory Paper Paper 701 B

COURSE BIO-05: Agricultural Biotechnology

1. Agricultural Research preparedness 2 Genetics resources and allele mining Biofortification, nanotechnology Policy & regulatory issues to agricultural biotechnology 2. Plant Genomes : the organization and expression of plant genes 3 Introduction DNA, Chromatin and Chromosome structure An introduction to gene structure and gene expression Regulation of gene expression Implication for plant transformation Protein targeting Heterologous promoters Genome size and organization Arabidopsis and the new technologies 3. Plant Tissue culture 3 Introduction Culture types Plant regeneration Case study: cereal regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from immature or mature embryos Integration of plant tissue culture into plant transformation protocol

4. Techniques for plant transformation 3 Introduction Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer The Ti plasmid The process of T-DNA transfer and integration Practical application of Agrobacterium mediated plant transformation Case study- Agrobacterium mediated transformation of tobacco Transformation Direct gene transfer methods 5. Vector for plant transformation 3 Introduction Desirable feature of any plasmid vector Basic features of any plasmid vector Optimization Clean gene technology 6. The genetic manipulation of herbicide tolerance 3 Introduction The use of herbicides in modern agriculture Strategies for engineering herbicide tolerance Case study- Glyphosate tolerance, Phosphinothricin, Engineering imidazolinone tolerance by targeted modification of endogenous plant genes The environmental impact of herbicide tolerant crops 7. The genetic manipulation of pest resistance 3 Introduction The nature and scale of insect pest damage to crops GM strategies for insect resistance: the Bacllus thuringiensis Case study- Resistance of BT maize to the European corn borer and other pests The copy nature strategy Case study- Cowpea trypsin inhibitor Insect resistant crops and food safety BT Brinjal- risk and benefits, beyond BT-Brinjal 8. Plant disease resistance 3 Introduction Plant-pathogen interactions Existing approaches to combating disease Natural disease resistance pathways: overlaps between pests and disease Biotechnological approaches to disease resistance Case study- The BASF potato Developments for the future Case study- Xanthomonas spp 9. Reducing the effects of viral disease 4 Introduction Types of plant virus Entry and replication: points of inhibition How was the agricultural community dealt with viruses? Case study- Developments in the sugar beet industry The transgenic approach: PDR Case study: Arabis mosaic virus Some non PDR approaches Case study: DNA virus What has been commercialized in Western agriculture? 10. Strategies for engineering stress tolerance 4 Introduction The nature of abiotic stress The nature of water deficit stress Case study- Glycine betaine production Targeted approaches to manipulating tolerance to specific water-deficit stresses Case study- The COR regulon Secondary effects of abiotic stress- the production of RDS 11. The improvement of crop yield and quality 4 Introduction The genetic manipulation of fruit ripening Case study: The genetic manipulation of fruit softening : The genetic modification of ethylene biosynthesis : Modification of colour : Golden rice Engineering plant protein composition for improved nutrition The genetic manipulation of crop yield by enhancement of Photosynthesis 12. Molecular farming 4 Introduction Carbohydrates and lipids Case study: Starch : Polyfructans : Bioplastics Molecular farming of proteins Case study: the olesin systems: hirudin and insulin production : Custom made antibodies : Edible vaccines Economics and regulatory consideration for molecular farming 13. Science and society : public acceptance of genetically modified crops 3 Introduction Public concerns The current state of transgenic crops, Transgenic crops approved for commercial use List of transgenic crops likely to be commercialized in the next five year STATUS OF APPROVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF GMOs (Approved recombinant therapeutics in USA, EU AND INDIA) List of companies dealing with recombinant therapeutics Companies producing rDNA therapeutics in India and their products Research institutions and companies engaged in transgenic crop research in India 14. Beyond genetically modified crops 3 Introduction Greener genetic engineering Genetic manipulation of complex agronomics traits Identification of genes associated with desirable traits Investigating gene function by reverse genetics Understanding gene function within the genomics context: function Genomics

Recommended Books: • Plant Biotechnology – The Genetic Manipulation of Plants, 2nd edition by Adrian Slater, Nigel W. Scott and Merk R. Fowler, Oxford University Press. • Handbook of Plant Biotechnology, Vol. I, 2 editors-in-chief Paul Chris Cou and Harry Klee, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. Reprint-2010. • Basic biotechnology by: Coln Ratledge and Bjorn Kristiansen Publication : Cambridge.

Theory Paper Paper 702 B

COURSE BIO-06: Bioprocess Engineering and Technology

1. Microbial process kinetics 4 Introduction Kinetic modeling of cell growth Mass balance for ideal Bioreactor 2. Bioreactors 4 Introduction Bioreactor design features Specific Consideration 3. Mass transfer in Bioreactors 4 Steps Equations Mass transfer coefficients Effect of scale on mass transfer 4. Downstream Processing 5 Cell disruption Clarification Filteration Concentration, precipitation, ultrafilteration Purification, crystallization Sequencing

5. Bioprocess measurement, monitoring, modeling and control 2 6. Bioprocess economics 2 7. High throughput screening and bioprocess optimization 2 8. Bioprocess engineering for the industrial production of 3 Amino acids Organic acids Microbial polysaccharides and single cell oils 9. Bioprocess environmental application 5 Wastewater treatment Organic slurries Solid waste water treatment Soil remediation Treatment of ground water Treatment of waste gases 10 . Fermentation technology and production of antibiotics 2 11. Strategies for cultivation of cells 3 Batch and continuous culture Fed batch culture 12. Enzyme Biotechnology 2 13. High value recombinant proteins 2 14. Plant cell culture in bioreactors 2 15. Biotransformations 3 Biocatalyst Chemical synthesis

Recommended Books: Basic biotechnology by: Coln Ratledge and Bjorn Kristiansen Publication : Cambridge.

Theory Paper Paper 703 B

COURSE BIO-07: Bioinformatics

1. Experimental methods for Biomolecular structure determination

X-ray and NMR, Identification/assignment of secondary structural elements from the knowledge of 3-D structure of macromolecule using DSSP and STRIDE methods. Prediction of secondary structure: PHD and PSI-PRED Methods.

Tertiary Structure prediction :

Fundamentals of the methods for 3D structure prediction (sequence similarity/identity of target proteins of known structure, fundamental principles of protein folding etc.) Homology Modeling, fold recognition, threading approaches, and ab-initio structure prediction methods.

Structure analysis and validation:

Pdbsum, Whatcheck, Procheck, Verify3D and ProsaII, Critical assessment of Structure prediction (CASP) Structures of oligomeric proteins and study of interaction interfaces.

4. Molecular modeling and simulations

Macro-molecular force fields, salvation, long-range forces Geometry optimization, algorithms: Steepest descent, conjugate gradient Various simulation techniques: Molecular mechanics, conformational searches, Molecular Dynamics, Monte Carlo, genetic algorithm approaches, Rigid and Semi-Flexible Molecular Docking.

5. 3-D structure visualization and simulation

Visualization of structures using Rasmol or SPDBV or CHIME or VMD, Basic concepts in molecular modeling: different types of computer representations of molecules, External coordinates and Internal Coordinates Non-Covalent Interactions and their role in Biomolecular structure and function, Fundamentals of Receptor-ligand interactions.

6. Classification and comparison of protein 3D structures:

Purpose of 3-D structure comparison and concepts, Algorithms : CE, VAST and DALI, concept of coordinate transformation, RMSD, Z-score for structural comparision Databases of structure- based classification; CATH, SCOP and FSSP.

7. Secondary structure prediction

Algorithms viz. Chou Fasman, GOR methods; nearest neighbor and machine learning based methods, analysis of results and measuring the accuracy of predictions, Tertiary Structure prediction: Fundamentals of the methods for 3D structure prediction (sequence similarity/identity of target proteins of known structure, fundamental principles of protein folding etc.). Homology/comparative Modeling, fold recognition, threading approaches, and ab initio structure prediction methods

8. Drug discovery process

Role of Bioinformatics in drug design, Target identification and validation and lead optimization, Different systems for representing chemical structure of small molecules like SMILES etc, Generation of 3D coordinates of small molecules .Structure-based drug design: Identification and Analysis of Binding sites and virtual screening, Ligand based drug design: Structure Activity Relationship – QSARs and QSPRs, QSAR Methodology, Pharmacophore mapping ,In silico prediction, ADMET properties for Drug Molecules

9. Vaccine design

Reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics, Databases in Immunology, Principles of B-cell and T-cell epitope prediction.

References books- Structural Bioinformatics-Philip E. Bourne

Theory Paper Paper 701 I

COURSE ICT-05: Satellite Communication

Orbital mechanics and launching : Introduction, laws governing Satellite motion, Satellite Path, Geostationary satellites, Non geostationary Constellations, Launching of Satellites, Satellite sub systems. 9

Satellite link design and analysis: Introduction, Antenna Basics, transmission equation, noise considerations, Link design. 8

Modulation and multiplexing techniques : System considerations, linear modulation scheme, frequency modulation and digital modulation. 8

Multiple Access techniques : FDMA, TDMA, CDMA & DAMA. 7

Error control propagation effects : rain and ice effects. 7

VSATs, DBS-TV, GPS, Concept of high altitude platform and special satellites . 6

Recommended Books:

1. Tri T. Ha. Digital Satellite Communication, Mc-Graw Hill International Ed.

2. Pratt, T. Bastian, C., Allnutt, J. Satellite Communications , John Wiley &sons.

3. Roddy, D. Satellite Communication, Mc-Graw Hill International Ed.

4. Richharia M., Satellite Communication Systems .

Theory Paper Paper 702 I

COURSE ICT-06: Optical Fiber Communication

Introduction: Principles of light propagation in fibers, step index and graded index fibers, mono mode & multimode fibers; connectors, splices, bends. 7

Transmission Losses: Dispersion , attenuation & scattering in fibers, link analysis . 4

Fiber Measurement: Measurement of Fiber attenuation, bandwidth, power, & cut-off wavelength, OTDR. 7

Opto electronic devices:- Introduction to LEDs, Lasers, Photo-diodes, PIN diodes etc. 4

Multiplexing in fibers, Optical Networks & Components : WDM, DWDM, optical couplers, Mach-Zehnder interferometer multiplexer, optical add/drop multiplexers, isolators, circulators, optical filters, tunable sources and tunable filters, arrayed waveguide grating, diffraction grating. 9

SONET: frame format, overhead channels, payload pointer, Virtual tributaries, multiplexing hierarchy. 6

SDH: Standards, frame structure and features. 4

Optical switching, WDM networks, Fiber Amplifiers 4

Recommended Books:

1. Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics – R.P. Khare

2. Optical Communication - Keiser

3. Optical fiber communication - J.M. Senior

4. Optical fibers & Fiber Optical Communication Systems - Subir Kumar Sarkar.

Theory Paper Paper 703 I

COURSE ICT-07: Modern Operating System

Introduction [4]

Introduction to OS. Operating system functions, evaluation of O.S., Different types of O.S.: batch, multiprogrammed, time-sharing, real-time, distributed, parallel.

System Structure [3]

Computer system operation, I/O structure, storage structure, storage hierarchy, different types of protections, operating system structure (simple, layered, virtual machine), O/S services, system calls .

Process Management [17]

Processes [3L]: Concept of processes, process scheduling, operations on processes, cooperating processes, inter-process communication.

Threads [2L]: overview, benefits of threads, user and kernel threads.

CPU scheduling [3L]: scheduling criteria, preemptive & non-preemptive scheduling, scheduling algorithms (FCFS, SJF, RR, priority), algorithm evaluation, multi-processor scheduling.

Process Synchronization [5L]: background, critical section problem, critical region, synchronization hardware, classical problems of synchronization, semaphores.

Deadlocks [4L]: system model, deadlock characterization, methods for handling deadlocks, deadlock prevention, deadlock avoidance, deadlock detection, recovery from deadlock.

Storage Management [17]

Memory Management [5L]: background, logical vs. physical address space, swapping, contiguous memory allocation, paging, segmentation, segmentation with paging.

Virtual Memory [3L]: background, demand paging, performance, page replacement, page replacement algorithms (FCFS, LRU), allocation of frames, thrashing.

File Systems [3L]: file concept, access methods, directory structure, file system structure, allocation methods (contiguous, linked, indexed), free-space management (bit vector, linked list, grouping), directory implementation (linear list, hash table), efficiency & performance. I/O Management [3L]: I/O hardware, polling, interrupts, DMA, application I/O interface (block and character devices, network devices, clocks and timers, blocking and nonblocking I/O), kernel I/Osubsystem (scheduling, buffering, caching, spooling and device reservation, error handling), performance.

Disk Management [3L]: disk structure, disk scheduling (FCFS, SSTF, SCAN,C-SCAN) , disk reliability, disk formatting, boot block, bad blocks.

Protection & Security [4]

Goals of protection, domain of protection, security problem, authentication, one time password, program threats, system threats, threat monitoring, encryption.

Recommended Books:

1. Silberschatz A. and Galvin: “Operating System Concepts”, Wiley.

2. Milankovic M., “Operating System : Concept & Design”, McGraw Hill.

3. Tanenbaum A.S., “Operating System Design & Implementation”, Practice Hall NJ.

4. Dhamdhere: Operating System TMH

Theory Paper Paper 701 C

COURSE COGNO-05: Philosophy of Mind

Module 1: Conceptual and Historical Perspectives: Introduction to philosophy of mind.

Major philosophers : Plato, Aristotle, St. Thomas Aquinas, Rene Descartes, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant.

Schools of thought : rationalism, empiricism, idealism, realism, and skepticism. (10)

Module 2: Cognitive Science and philosophy of mind: Epistemic and meta physical issues of mind in Cognitive science. (2)

Module 3: Consciousness: General introduction to consciousness. The phenomenal and psychological concepts of mind. The knowledge and Modal arguments. The explanatory gap. Higher order thoughts and representationalism. (7)

Module 4: Indian Theories of Mind: Ancient, Adi Shankara, Buddhism, Shri Aurobindo, Swami Shivanand (4)

Module 5: Western Theories of Mind: Dualism, Behaviorism, Materialism, Eliminativism, Functionalism, Physicalism, Phenomenology, Representational theory of mind, Modularity of mind and Identity theory . (8)

Module 6: Neurobiological Approaches to Mind: Patricia churchland arguments, the binding problem, the problem of Mary’s knowledge, Connectionism. (7)

Module 7: Computational Approaches to Mind: Searle’s Chinese room argument, Intentionality, the problem of intelligence and the representational nature of mind. (7)

Recommended Books:

1. Bechtel, W 1988. Philosophy of Mind: an overview for Cognitive Science. Hillsdale, NJ: erbium.

2. Chalmers, D. J. 1986, The Conscious Mind: In search of a Fundamental Theory, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

3. Churchland, P.M. 1985b, Matter and Consciousness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

4. David Chalmers, Philosphy of mind: Classical and Contemporary Reading.

5. Kolak, D. et al.(2006), Cognitive Science: an Introduction to Mind and Brain Theory Paper Paper 702 C

COURSE COGNO-06: Principle & Techniques of Neuroscience

Module 1: Neuroanatomy & Neurophysiology (6)

Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of cerebral cortex including lobes, corpus callosum, limbic system basal ganglia, Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary, cerebellum, brain stem, spinal cord, various nerves, muscles, plexuses and autonomic nervous system.

Module 2: Blood Circulation :- Arterial and venous system pertinent to brain and spinal cord including circle of willis and venous sinuses . (2)

Module 3: Electro physiology (6)

1. Introduction to electro diagnostic signals and their measurement

2. Principles of nerve conduction study.

3. Assessment of individual nerves in upper and lower limbs

4. Introduction and techniques of EMG and various abnormal EMG findings.

Module 4: Electroencephalography (8)

1. Basic principles and techniques of EEG recording.

2. Normal EEG pattern

3. Various artifacts

4. Paroxysmal EEG abnormalities.

5. Normal aging & transient cognitive disorders the elders.

6. Digital EEG.

Module 5: Brain Mapping (4)

Module 6: Introduction & principle of X-rays,Properties of x-ray, production of x-rays, interaction of X-rays with matter, radiography imaging techniques, Film & processing image, spectroscopy, digital imaging. (4) Module 7: Introduction &principles of CT conventional tomography, Principles of CT imaging, detector assembly, pixel-voxel concept, image display, spiral CT, Multi slice. (2)

Module 8: Introduction & principles of MRI

Basic principles & physics of MRI ,MRI hardware, parameter of image processing,T1,T2 concept, imaging protocols, MRI spectroscopy. (4)

Module-9: Basic principles & physics of ultrasound and Doppler

Ultrasound acoustics transducers, imaging process, Doppler principles, Doppler ultrasound,2D,3D echo ultrasound. (3)

Module-10 Neurons & Glial Cells

Introduction to neurons, The neuron Doctrine, Components of neurons, Classification of neurons, The Nissl and Golgi stains, Types of Neurons, Cytology of neurons, Dendrites structure and function, Axons structure and functional aspects, ultrastructure, Myelination and synapses. Structure and function of glial cells, Different types of glial cells: astrocytes, - type I & II astrocytes, fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes, Function of other glial cells: oligodendrocyte and microglial cells, Overview of glial and neuronal relationship in the CNS, importance of astrocytes in glutamate metabolism and blood brain barrier, Microglial phenotypes, Glial- neuronal interplay in the CNS. (6)

Recommended Books:

1. Grays Anatomy 2. Guy ton 3. Clinical neurophysiology – U K Misra 4. Clinical Electroencephalography - UK Misra & J Kalita 5. Atlas of Brain mapping 6. Radio physics by Christenson 7. Aids to the exam of PNS by MRC 8. Elect roding in clinical Neurology by MJ Amino ff 9. EEG- basic principles, clinical applications & related fields by Ernst niedermeyer & F L Da Silva 10. Electro physiology by Jun Kimura

Theory Paper Paper 703 C

COURSE COGNO-07: Introduction to Dynamical Systems for Neuroscience

Part A: Introduction to Dynamical Systems

The qualitative analysis of nonlinear dynamical flows: Stability of fixed points, existence of limit cycles, The Poincare-Bendixson theorem, linearization and phase-plane analysis of nonlinear systems. Elements of the bifurcation theory: saddle-node, Andronov-Hopf, and homoclinic bifurcations. (18)

Nonlinear Oscillators: Lorenz and Rossler equations; Iterated maps: Logistic and Henon maps; Period doubling, Intermittency and other routes to Chaos; Fractal geometry; Strange Chaotic and Nonchaotic Attractors; Characterization of Regular and Chaotic motions: Lyapunov exponent, Power spectrum, Autocorrelation, and Dimension. (9)

Part B: Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience

Electrophysiology of neural cells, Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) and Morris-Lecar models: derivation; action potential, rhythmic firing; 2D reduction of the HH system of equations, FitzHugh- Nagumo model, Slow-fast decomposition. (9)

Applications of the bifurcation theory to classification and analysis of neuronal excitability. Bursting: models of bursting neurons, classification, and analysis. (9)

Recommended Books:

1. S. H. Strogatz, Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos, Perseus, 2000 (Levant Books, 2007)

2. E.M. Izhikevich, Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience, The MIT Press, 2007

3. P Dayan and LF Abbott, Theoretical Neuroscience, The MIT Press, 2001

Theory Paper Paper 704

COURSE ACCT-01: Fundamentals of Accounting

Introduction to Accounting : basic Accounting terms, Accounting Concepts, Accounting Principles, Accounting Conventions

Process of Accounting and Basis of Accounting: The Accounting System, Accrual Basis of Accounting, Cash Basis of Accounting, Vouchers, Accounting Equation.

Journal and Ledger: Simple and compound journal entries, cash and trade discount, posting the entries balancing of accounting, prepration of cash book (including three column cash book), Petty cash book, purchase book, sales book, purchase return book, sales return book, Bills receivable book, Bills payable book, Journal proper

Bank Reconciliation Statement

Trial Balance

Depreciation

Provisions and Reserves

Issue of shares and debentures

Recommended Books:

1. Fundamentals of Accounting : Agarwal, Shah, Tailor (Malik & Co. Jaipur).

2. Fundamentals of Accounting : Shah, Sharma (Bharat Law House Delhi).

3. Fundamentals of Accounting : RL Gupta (S.Chand & Co. Delhi).

4. Accounting : Sehgal & Sehgal (Taxmann, Delhi).

EIGHTH SEMESTER

# Course Course Title Code Credit Category 801N Thy Molecular Nanoelectronics NAN-801 3 802N Thy Nanodevices and Nanosensors NAN-802 3 803N Thy Nanocomposites NAN-803 3 801B Thy Molecular Biotechnology BIO-801 3 802B Thy Animal Cell Culture and Biotechnology BIO-802 3 803B Thy Structural Bioinformatics BIO-803 3 801I Thy Microwave Communication ICT-801 3 802I Thy Machine Learning ICT-802 3 803I Thy Network Security and Cryptography ICT-803 3 801C Thy Neurolinguistics CON-801 3 802C Thy Clinical Neuroscience CON-802 3 803C Thy Introduction to Computational Neuroscience CON-803 3 804 Thy Entrepreneurship ACCT-02 3 811N Lab Nanocomposites Lab NAN-811 8 812N Lab MATLAB Programming Lab-II NAN-812 8 811B Lab Molecular Biotechnology & Animal cell culture BIO-811 8 Lab 812B Lab Structural Bioinformatics Lab BIO-812 8 811I Lab Microwave Communication Lab ICT-811 8 812I Lab Machine Learning and Networking Lab ICT-812 8 811C Lab Neurolinguistic Lab CON-811 8 812C Lab EMG & EEG Lab CON-812 8 813 Lab NBIC Project Lab NBIC-03 8 Total 42/ 111

Paper Code- 801N Molecular Nano-electronics 3 Credits

Unit-I Introduction 8

Molecular Electronics: Switches based on fullerenes and nanotubes, Polymer electronics, Self assembling circuits, Optical molecular memories.

Nanoelectronics: Electromagnetic fields and photons, Quantization of action, charge, and flux, Interaction of photons with electron in solids, Diffusion Processes, Information theory.

Unit-II Quantum Electronics Devices 15

Quantum electronic devices(MOS Transistor, EWT, EST, QCA, QDA), Tunneling element(TD, RTD, 3-terminal RTD), Digital circuit design based on RTDs and RTBT, Principle of SET, SET circuit design, Comparison between FET and SET circuit design.

Unit-III Spintronics 7

Generation of spin polarization (Optical spin orientation, Theories of spin injection), Spin relaxation and spin dephasing, Spintronics devices and applications (Spin filters, Spin diodes and Spin transistors).

Unit-IV Non-equilibrium and Ballistic Transport and Nanodevices 15

Non-equilibrium effects in tunnel barriers, Ballistic transport in vertical and planar structures, Introduction to green's function, Thermopower in nanostructures, Electron temperature, Hot carriers in quantum dot, Landauer-Buttiker formula, Scaling the MOSFET, Concept of scattering matrix and its application in quantum simulation.

Recommended Books:

• Nanoelectronics and Nanosystems, From Transistors to Molecular and Quantum Devices, by Karl Goser, Peter Glosekotter, Jan Dienstuhl. Springer.

• Spintronics: Fundamentals and Applications, Igor Zutic, Jaroslav Fabian, S. Das Sarma.

• Transport in Nanostructures, David K. Ferry, Stephen M. Goodnick and Jonathan Bird. Cambrige University Press.

PAPER CODE 802N Nanodevices & Nanosensors 3 Credits

Unit I: MEMS & NEMS Devices, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications 10

MEMS Devices and Applications (Pressure Sensor, Inertial Sensor, Optical MEMS, RF MEMS), NEMS Devices and Applications, Challenges and Future Trends, Tribiological Issues in MEMS/NEMS, Tribiological Studies of Silicon and Related Materials, Lubrication Studies for MEMS/NEMS, Component-Level Studies, Manufacturing Strategy, Robust Manufacturing, Stable Field Performance, MEMS Packaging, Hermetic and Vacuum Packaging, Thermal Issues and Packaging Reliability.

Unit II: Inorganic Nanotechnology Enabled Sensors 12

Gas Sensing with Nanostructured Thin Film, Adsorption on Surfaces, Conductometric transducers Suitable for Gas Sensing, Gas Reaction on the Surface, Effect of Gas Sensitive Structures and Thin Films, Effects of Deposition Parameters and Substrates, Metal Oxides Modification by Additives, Surface Modification, Filtering, Post Deposition Treatments, Nanotechnology Enabled Mechanical Sensors, Oscillators based on nanoparticles, One- Dimensional Mechanical Sensors, Bulk Materials and Thin Films Made of Nano-Grains, Piezoresistors, Nanotechnology Enabled Optical Sensors, The Optical Properties of Nanostructures, Sensors based on Plasmon Resonance in Nanoparticles.

Unit III: Organic Nanotechnology Enabled Sensors 12

Proteins in Nanotechnology Enabled Sensors, The Structure of Proteins, The Analysis of Proteins, The Role of Proteins in Nanotechnology, Using Proteins as Nanodevices, Antibodies in Sensing Applications, Antibody Nanoparticle Conjugates, Enzymes in Sensing Applications, Enzyme Nanoparticle Hybrid based Sensors, Motor Proteins in Sensing Applications, Transmembrane Sensors, Adsorption, Physical Entrapment, Chemical Entrapment, Self- Assembly, Layer-by-Layer Assembly, DNA-Protein Conjugate-based Sensors, DNA Conjugates with Inorganic Materials, Bioelectronic Sensors based on DNA, DNA Sequencing with Nanopores, Sensors Based on Molecules with Dendritic Architectures, Force Spectroscopy and Microscopy of Organic Materials.

Unit IV: Future Nanosensors 11

Nanometer and Picometer Displacement Sensors, Force Nanosensors, Thermal Nanosensors, Heat-Flux Nanosensor, Micro-Thermocouple Sensor, Tunnelling Thermometer, Optical Nanosensors, Fiber-optic Nanosensors, Magnetic Nanosensors, Submicron Hall Probes, Micro- SQUID Sensors, Electronic Nose as a Sensor of Smell, Electronic Tounge as a Sensor of Taste, Advancement in Jaipur Foot by Various Sensors, Magnetic Stray Field Nanosensors, Magnetic Spin Sensors.

Recommended Books:

1. Handbook of Nanotechnology (Springer) , Bharat Bhushan. 2. Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors, Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh, Benjamin Fry. 3. Sensors: Micro- and Nanosensor Technology/Trends in Sensor Markets(Volume 8), H. Meixner and R. Jones.

Paper Code-803N Nanocomposites 3 Credits

Unit-I Bulk Metal and Ceramics Nanocomposites 15

Ceramic/Metal Nanocomposites, Nanocomposites by Mechanical Alloying, Sol-Gel Synthesis, and Thermal Spray Synthesis, Metal Matrix Nanocomposites, Bulk Ceramic Nanocomposites, Thin-Film Nanocomposites: Multilayer and Granular Films, Carbon Nanotube-Based Nanocomposites, Functional Low-Dimensional Nanocomposites, Applications of Nanocomposite Wires and Particles, Inorganic Nanocomposites for Optical and Electrical Applications, Nanoporous Structures and Membranes: Particle-Dispersed Magnetic Nanocomposites, Magnetic Multilayer Nanocomposites, Microstructure and Thermal Stability of Layered Magnetic Nanocomposites.

Unit-II Introduction to Polymer Science and Nanocomposites 10

Fundamental Definitions, Configurational States, Homopolymers and Copolymers, Molecular Architecture, Molar Mass, Polymerization, Thermal Transitions and Physical Structure, Polymer Materials, Nanoscale Fillers, Carbon Nanotubes, Processing of Polymer Nanocomposites, Nanotube/Polymer Composites, Layered Filler-Polymer Composite Processing, Polyamide Matrices, Polyimide Matrices, PMMA/PS Matrices.

Unit-III Polymer-based and Polymer-filled Nanocomposites 12

Nanoparticle/Polymer Composite Processing, Direct Mixing, Solution Mixing, In-Situ Polymerization, In-Situ Particle Processing - Ceramic/Polymer Composites and Metal/Polymer Nanocomposites, Polymer Coatings, Inorganic Coatings, Properties of Composites, Mechanical Properties, Modulus and the Load-Carrying Capability of Nanofillers, Failure Stress and Strain - Toughness, Glass Transition and Relaxation Behavior, Abrasion and Wear Resistance, Thermal Stability and Flammability, Electrical and Optical Properties, Resistivity, Permittivity, and Breakdown Strength, Optical Clarity, Refractive Index Control, Light-Emitting Devices.

Unit-IV Natural Nanobiocomposites, Biomimetic Nanocomposites, and Biologically Inspired Nanocomposites 8

Natural Nanocomposites Materials, Biologically Synthesized Nanoparticles and Nanostructures, Biologically Derived Synthetic Nanocomposites, Protein-Based Nanostructure Formation, DNA- Templated Nanostructure Formation, Protein Assembly, Biologically Inspired Nanocomposites, Liquid-Crystal Templating of Thin Films, Block-Copolymer Templating.

Recommended Books:

1 Polymer Physics – Ulf W. Gedde, Chapman & Hall.

2 Nanocomposites Science and Technology- P.M. Ajayan, L.S. Schadler, P.V. Braun.

Paper Code-801B Molecular Biotechnology 3 Credits

1. The Development Of Molecular Biotechnology Emergence Of molecular biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology, commercialization of molecular biotechnology, concerns and consequences

2. Directed Mutagenesis And Protein Engineering Directed mutagenesis procedures, protein engineering

3. Molecular Diagnostics : immunological diagnostic procedures, monoclonal antibodies, bio-fluorescent and bio-luminescent systems, nucleic acid diagnostic systems, molecular diagnosis of genetic disease 4. Protein Therapeutics : pharmaceuticals, enzymes, lactic acid bacteria, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant antibodies 5. Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Agents Antisense RNA, ribozymes, chimeric RNA-DNA molecules, aptamers, interfering RNA’s, antibody genes, nucleic acid delivery

6. Vaccines Sub vaccines, peptide vaccines, genetic immunization-DNA vaccines, attenuated vaccines

7. Synthesis of Commercial Products by Recombinant Micro-Organisms : restriction endonucleases, lipase, small biological molecules, antibiotics, bio-polymers

8. Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Growth promotion by free living bacteria, bio-control of pathogens, nitrogen fixation, hydrogenase, nodulation, phytoremediation

9. Human Molecular Genetics: Modes of human inheritance, Genetic Linkage and Gene Mapping , Detection and Estimation of Genetic Linkage in humans , Genetic Mapping of Human Chromosomes , Comprehensive human linkage maps , Whole genome BAC map , human genome sequence , detection of mutation in human genes , determining gene function

10. Regulating The Use Of Biotechnology Regulating recombinant DNA technology, deliberate release of genetically modified microorganisms, regulating food and food ingredients, patenting biotechnology

11. Societal Issues In Biotechnology : concerns about the safety of consuming genetically modified foods, concerns about the impact of genetically modified organisms on the environment, economic issues

12. Regulating And Patenting Molecular Biotechnology Regulating recombinant DNA technology, regulating food and food ingredients, deliberate release of GMO’s, controversy about GMO’s, patenting, patenting in different countries, patenting DNA sequences, patenting multicellular organisms, patenting and fundamental research

13. Biosafety IBSC, its composition, functions, Checklist of IBSC-Scientific considerations, Molecular biology details, Human health considerations, Containment facilities, General considerations. Status of Biosafety regulations: Regulatory framework in various countries, Cartagena protocol on biosafety, international guidelines, regulatory framework in India, Government rules for GMOs, Six competent authorities of biosafety( RDAC,IBSC,RCGM,GEAC,SBCC,DLC), Recombinant DNA Guidelines, 1990; Guidelines for research in transgenic plants, 1998;, Drugs and Cosmetics Rules (8th Amendment) 1988; Guidelines for generating preclinical and clinical data for rDNA therapeutics,1999; Drug Policy, 2002; Seed Policy, 2002; Biosafety concerns, Risk assessment and management

Recommended Books:

1. Molecular Biotechnology-Principles and applications of Recombinant DNA (4 th edition) by: Bernard R. Glick, Jack J. Pasternak and Cheryl L.Patten, Publisher: Amer Society for Microbiology.

2. Handbook for IBSC members, prepared by Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science And Technology.

3. Biosafety Guidelines, rules, regulations and Protocol, prepared by Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science And Technology.

Paper Code-802B Animal Cell Culture and 3 Credits Biotechnology

1. Introduction

Historical Background, Advantages of Tissue Culture, Limitations, Major Differences in vitro Types of Tissue Culture

2. Biology of Cultured Cells

The Culture Environment, Cell Adhesion, Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, Cell Signaling, Energy Metabolism, Initiation of the Culture, Evolution of the Cell Lines, The Development of Continuous Cell Lines, Origin of Cultured Cells

3. Defined Media and Supplements

Development of Media, Physiochemical properties, Balanced Salt Solution, Complete Media, Serum, Selection of Medium and Serum, Other Supplements

4. Serum Free Media

Advantages& Disadvantages of Serum Free Media, Replacement of Serum, Selection of Serum Free Media, Preparation of Serum Free Media, Protein Free Media

5. Preparation and Sterilisation

Media of Reagents and Materials, Sterilisation of Apparatus and Liquids, Apparatus, Reagents and Media, Control Testing and Storage of Media

6. Primary Culture

Types of Primary Culture , Isolation of Tissue, Primary Culture

7. Subculture and Cell Lines

Subculture and Propagation, Terminology, Culture Age, Cell line Designations, Choosing Cell line, Procedure Maintenance, Subculture.

8. Cloning and Selection

Cell Cloning, Stimulation of Plating Efficiency, Suspension Cloning, Isolation of Clones, Replica Plating, Selective Plating, Isolation of Genetic Variants, Interaction with Substrate, Cell Separation, Cell Density and Isopycnic Sedimentation, Cell Size & Sedimentation Velocity, Antibody Based Techniques, Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting, Other Techniques, Beginner’s Approach to Cell Separation

9. Characterisation

The Need, Record Keeping, Provenance & Authentication, Cell Morphology, Chromosome Content, DNA Content, RNA & Protein Expression, Enzyme Activity, Antigenic Markers, Differentiation, Expression of the in vivo Phenotype, Stages of Differentiation, Proliferation, Commitment, Lineage, Stem Cell Plasticity, Markers of Differentiation, induction, Differentiation, Malignancy, Practical Aspects

10. Transformation and Immortalisation

Role in Cell Line Characterisation, Transformation, Genetic Instability, Immortalisation, Aberrant Growth Control, Tumorogenicity

11. Cryopreservation

Rationale for Freezing, Suitability of Cell Lines for Cryopreservation, Design and Control of freezer stocks, Cell Banks, Transporting Cells

12. Culture of Specific cell Types

Cell Culture of Specialised Cells, Epithelial Cells, Mesenchymal Cells, Neuroectodermal Cells, Hematopoeitic cells, Gonads, Stem cells

13. Culture of Tumor Cells

Problems of Tumor cell culture, Sampling, Disaggregation, Primary Culture, Characterisation, Development of cell lines, Selective Culture of tumour cells, Specific tumor types

14. DNA Forensics

Immunological and nucleic acid based methods for identifications of animal species, Detection of adulteration in meat using DNA based methods, Detection of food/feed Adulteration with animal protein, Identification of wild animal species using DNA based methods using different parts including bones, hair, blood, skin and other parts confiscated by anti-poaching agencies, human forensics, Microbial forensics, Bioterror agents, Bio crimes & Bioterrorism.

Text Book : Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique (Fifth Edition) by R. Ian Freshney,Publisher: John Wiley (July 2005).

Paper Code-803B Structural Bioinformatics 3 Credits

1. Large scale genome sequencing strategies ,Genome assembly and annotation, Genome databases of Plants, animals and pathogens, ,Metagenomics

2. Gene networks: basic concepts, computational model such as Lambda receptor and lac operon, Prediction of genes, promoters, splice sites, regulatory regions: basic principles, application of methods to prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes and interpretation of results

3. Basic concepts on identification of disease genes, role of bioinformatics-OMIM database, reference genome sequence, integrated genomic maps, gene expression profiling; identification of SNPs, SNP database (DbSNP). Role of SNP in Pharmacogenomics, SNP arrays

4. DNA microarray: database and basic tools, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), ArrayExpress, SAGE databases

5. DNA microarray: understanding of microarray data, normalizing microarray data, detecting differential gene expression, correlation of gene expression data to biological process and computational analysis tools (especially clustering approaches)

6. Basic concepts and applications, BLAST2, MegaBlast algorithms, PipMaker, AVID, Vista, MUMmer, applications of suffix tree in comparative genomics, synteny and gene order comparisons

7. Comparative genomics databases: Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs)

8. Functional genomics: Application of sequence based and structure-based approaches to assignment of gene functions – e.g. sequence comparison, structure analysis (especially active sites, binding sites) and comparison, pattern identification, etc. Use of various derived databases in function assignment, use of SNPs for identification of genetic traits Gene/Protein function prediction using Machine learning tools: supervised/unsupervised learning, Neural network, SVM etc

9. Proteomics: Protein arrays-basic principles, Computational methods for identification of polypeptides from mass spectrometry, bioinformatics-based tools for analysis of proteomics data (Tools available at ExPASy Proteomics server); databases (such as InterPro) and analysis tools, Protein-protein interactions: databases such as STRINGS, DIP, PPI server and tools for analysis of, protein-protein interactions Modeling biological systems 10. Systems biology – Use of computers in simulation of cellular subsystems

Metabolic networks, or network of metabolites and enzymes, Signal transduction networks, Gene regulatory networks, Metabolic pathways: databases such as KEGG, EMP , MetaCyc, AraCyc.

References books-

1. Introduction to Genomics-Arhure M. Lesk

2. Schulz, M. and Klipp, E. (2010) Introduction to Systems Biology

Paper Code-ICT-801 Microwave Engineering 4 Credits

Introduction to microwave communication, microwave frequency spectrum: advantages and applications, Rectangular wave guides: Wave equations and its solution, TE and TM modes, Dominant modes and choice of wave guide dimensions, Methods of excitation of wave guide. [3] Microwave sources: [7] (i) Tube based: Klystron, Magnetron, TWT. (ii) Solid state devices: Gun oscillator and REAL Diode, Tunnel diode Microwave components : S-parameter analysis of the microwave circuits; Microwave passive components: Attenuator, phase changers, E&H plane Tees, Hybrid Junctions, Directional coupler. [8] Microwave measurements: Microwave detectors, Power measurements, Frequency measurement, VSWR measurement, Attenuation measurement and Input impedence measurement. [8] Microstrip antennas and arrays : Rectangular and circular patch microstrip antennas: design equations, Calculations of antenna parameters, radiation patterns in different planes and polarization conditions, Microstrip arrays: Array factor, Linear and planer arrays, radiation patterns in different planes and conditions. [10] Microwave propagation in ferrites , Faraday rotation, Devices employing Faraday rotation, Ferrite based components: isolator, Gyrator, Circulator, Microwave absorbers. [9]

Recommended Books: 1. Solid state Electronic Devices by B.G. Streetman and S. Banerjee, PHI 2. Foundations to microwave engineering by R.E. Collins, McGraw Hill 3. Microwave devices & circuits by S.Y. Liao, PHI 4. Solid State physical electronics by A.Vanderziel, (PHI, India). 5. Introduction to microwave theory by Atwater (McGraw Hill). 6. Microwave electronics by RE Soohoo (Addisen Westey public company) 7. Theory and application of microwaves by A.B. Brownwell & RE. Beam (McGraw Hill) 8. Optoelectronics and photonics: Principles and Practices by Safa O Kasap, Pearson, 9. Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits by P.A. Rizzi, PHI

Paper Code-ICT-802 Machine Learning 4 Credits

Introduction: Definition of Learning systems, Forms of learning, Machine learning, Examples of Machine learning applications, Goals of machine learning, Designing a learning system, issues in machine learning. Concept Learning: Introduction, The concept learning task, Concept learning as a search through a hypothesis space, version space and the candidate elimination algorithm, Inductive Bias, Futility of Bias free Learning. Supervised Learning: Introduction, Learning a class from examples, Vapnik-chervonenkis dimension, Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) as learning, Learning Multiple class, Dimensions of a supervised machine learning algorithms. Decision Tree Learning: Representing Concepts as decision trees, Recursive induction of decision tree. Picking the best splitting attribute: entropy and information gain, Searching for simple trees and computational complexity, Occam’s Razor, Overfitting, noisy data and pruning. Experimental Evaluation of Learning Algorithm: Measuring the accuracy of learned hypothesis, Comparing learning algorithms: cross-validation learning curves, Statistical hypothesis testing. Bayesian Learning: Introduction, Bayes Theorem and Concept learning, Gibbs algorithm, Bayes optimal classifier, Naive Bayes classifier, Bayesian Belief Networks, The EM Algorithm. Computational Learning Theory: Models of learnability: Learning in the limit, PAC Learning, Sample Complexity: Finite Hypothesis spaces, Infinite Hypothesis spaces, Vapnik-chervonenkis dimension, Optimal Mistake Bound, Weighted –Majority Algorithm. Instance Based Learning: Constructing explicit generalizations versus comparing to past specific examples, K-nearest neighbor Algorithm, Case-based learning. Clustering and Unsupervised Learning: Unsupervised learning, Clustering Methods: Method based on Euclidean Distance, Method based on probabilities, Hierarchical clustering methods. Reinforcement Learning: The Learning Task, Q-Learning, Limitation & Extensions of Q- Learning, Temporal Difference Learning, Nondeterministic Rewards & Actions, Relationship to dynamic programming, Passive reinforcement learning, Active reinforcement learning, Direct utility estimation. Recommended Books: 1. Machine Learning, McGraw Hill, Tom M. Mitchell. 2. Introduction to Machine Learning, Ethem Alyapdin. 3. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig.

Paper Code-ICT-803 CRYPTOGRAPHY AND 4 Credits NETWORK SECURITY

Unit-I

Introduction to Cryptography: Introduction To Security, Attacks, Services & Mechanisms, Security Services. Conventional Encryption : Classical Techniques, Conventional Encryption Model, Steganography, Classical Encryption Techniques. Modern Techniques: Simplified DES, Block Cipher Principles, DES Standard, DES Strength, Differential & Linear Cryptanalysis, Block Cipher Design Principles, Block Cipher Modes Of Operation.

Unit-II

Conventional Encryption Algorithms: Triples DES, Blowfish, International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), RC5, RC2 Placement & Encryption Function, Key Distribution, Random Number Generation, Placement Of Encryption Function.

Unit-III

Public Key Encryption: Public-Key Cryptography: Principles Of Public-Key Cryptosystems, RSA Algorithm, Key Management, Fermat's & Euler's Theorem, The Chinese Remainder Theorem.

Unit-IV

Hash Functions: Message Authentication & Hash Functions: Authentication Requirements, Authentication Functions, Message Authentication Codes (MAC), Hash Functions, Birthday Attacks, MD5 Message Digest Algorithm, Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), Digital Signatures: Digital Signatures, Authentication Protocol, Digital Signature Standard (DSS), Proof Of Digital Signature Algorithm.

Unit-V

Network & System Security: Authentication Applications: Kerberos X.509, Directory Authentication Service, Electronic Mail Security, Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), S/Mime, Security: Architecture, Authentication Header (AH), Encapsulating Security Payloads (ESP), Combining Security Associations, Key Management, Web Security: Secure Socket Layer (SSL) & Transport Layer Security, Secure Electronic Transaction (SET), System Security: Intruders, Viruses, Firewall Design Principles, Trusted Systems.

Text Book:

1. William Stallings, "Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice", Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 2. V.K. Pachghare, “Cryptography and Information Security”, PHI.

Reference Books:

1. Johannes A. B••••••••••••uchmann, "Introduction to cryptography", Springer- Verlag. 2. Atul Kahate, "Cryptography and Network Security", TMH

Theory Paper Paper804

COURSE ACCT-02: Entrepreneurship

1. Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship

1. Understanding Entrepreneurship.

Introduction; Definition; Reasons for Growth of entrepreneurship; Age of an Entrepreneurial Firm; Why start a Business; Entrepreneurial Characteristics and skills; Types of Entrepreneurs; Entrepreneurial Failure.

2. Growth of a Business idea

Introduction; New Business Idea; Pre-selection Process; Sources of Business ideas; Preliminary Research; Business idea Evaluation; Other analysis.

3. Intellectual Property

Introduction; Trademarks; Copyright; Patents; Geographical Indications (GI) of Goods; Designs; Other Laws in India Relating to IPR; Trade Secrets and Confidential Information .

2. Marketing

Assessment of market demand for potential product(S) of Interest, Market conditions, segments, Prediction of market changes, Identifying needs of customers including gaps in the market, packaging the product, market linkages, branding issues, developing distribution channels, Pricing/Policies/Competition, Promotion/Advertising, services Marketing.

3. Human Resource development (HRD)

Leadership skills, Managerial skills, Organization structure, pros & cons of different structures, Team building, teamwork, Appraisal, Rewards in small scale set up.

4. Inventory control and management

Purchase of material, Re order level, re-order quality, minimum stock level, maximum stock level, material issue : FIFO, LIFO, Average price method, loss of material : wastage, scrap, spoilage, defectives treatment of losses.

5. Time Management

NINTH SEMESTER

# Course Code Description Credit Category 901 N Thy NAN-901 Advances in Materials Characterization through 3 Digital Microscopy 902 N Thy NAN-902 Applications of Nanoscience and Technology 3 903 N Thy NAN-903 Computational Nanotechnology 3 901 B Thy BIO-901 Food Biotechnology 3 902 B Thy BIO-902 Industrial Biotechnology 3 903 B Thy BIO-903 Statistical Bioinformatics 3 901 I Thy ICT-901 Digital Communication & Signal Processing 3 902 I Thy ICT-902 Design & Analysis of Algorithm 3 903 I Thy ICT-903 Computer Graphics & Image processing 3 901 C Thy CON-901 Neurotoxicology and Neuropharmacology 3 902 C Thy CON-902 Neuroimaging of Cognition 3 903 C Thy CON-903 Computational and Mathematical Modeling of Neural 3 Systems 911 N Lab NAN-911 Advanced Nanomaterials Lab 8 912 N Lab NAN-912 Nanotechnology Simulation Lab 8 911 B Lab BIO-911 Food and Industrial Biotechnology Lab 8 912 B Lab BIO-912 Bioinformatics Lab-III 8 911 I Lab ICT-911 Digital Communication & Signal Processing Lab 8 912 I Lab ICT-912 Computer Graphics Lab 8 911 C Lab CON-911 Cognitive Science Lab 8 912 C Lab CON-912 Neuroscience Lab 8

Paper Code – NAN-901 Advances in Materials Characterization 4 Credits through Digital Microscopy

Digital Microscopy :

Motorized sample holders, accurate x-y-z specimen positioning with absolute coordinates, automatic field scanning, autofocus, mosaic images, extended focus and co-site microscopy. Optical microscopy studies on: mosaic image composed of 7x3 fields of a fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix Composite, fibre lay-up, view of representative cross-sections of the material to reveal the fraction, shape and spatial distribution of voids. Automatic segmentation followed by shape analysis allowed the measurement of void fraction, size and shape distribution. Co-site microscopy experiment, in-situ chemical etching, study of the etching kinetics. (20)

UNIT II

Introduction to principles and applications of (a) spectroscopic methods (UV, Vis, IR, Fluorescence, NMR, ESR & Mass spectrometry. Use of radioactive and stable isotopes and their detection in Nano-biological systems. (10)

Unit III

Optical Instruments and Spectral Analyses

Spectrographs and Spectrophotometers for UV, VIS and IR regions; Absorption and Emission spectra; Temperature dependent spectra; Axial, Sigma and Pi polarization spectral measurements (12)

Unit IV

Ion beam techniques: RBS, ERDA, NRA and PIXE, Ion channeling, defect analysis, lattice location and lattice strain measurements, Quantum well intermixing and band-gap tuning. Ion beams in nano-technology: Ion irradiation of surfaces, surface roughness, formation of nanopores, hillocks and self assembled nanodots, embedded nanoparticles and their applications in optoelectronics, Focused ion beams, nano-scale fabrication, ion beam milling and nanolithography. (15)

Reference books : Advances in nanomaterials (Edited by Bhusan)

Nanomaterials (ed. R.M. Challa) John wiley &Sons Paper Code – NAN-902 Applications of Nanoscience and Technology 4 Credits

NANO BIOMATERIALS

Introduction-Biocompatibility – anti bacterial activity – principles involved – Applications. Biomaterial nanocircuitry; Protein based nanocircuitry; Neurons for network formation. DNA nanostructures for mechanics and computing and DNA based computation; DNA based nanomechanical devices.

NANO-BIOTECHNOLOGY

Interaction between bimolecules and naoparticle surface, Different types of inorganic materials used for the synthesis of hybrid nano-bio assemblies, Application of nano in biology, nanoprobes for Analytical Applications-A new methodology in medical diagnostics and Biotechnology, Current status of nano Biotechnology, Future perspectives of Nanobiology, Nanosensors.

NANOMEDICINES

Developing of Nanomedicines Nanosytems in use, Protocols for nanodrug administration, Nanotechnology in Diagnostics applications, materials used in Diagnostics and Therapeutic applications - Molecular Nanomechanics, Molecular devices, Nanotribology, studying tribology at nanoscale, Nanotribology applications.

NANOFLUIDICS

TRANSPORTS OF ION, DNA POLYMERS AND MICROTUBULES IN THE NANOFLUIDS REGIME: Ionic transport – polymer transport – microtubule trans port in nanotuble channels driven by Electric Fields Biomolecular Motors.-Electrophoresis of individual nanotubules in microfluidic channels.

BIOMOLECULE SEPARATION, CONCENTRATION AND DETECTION USING NANOFLUIDIC CHANNELS Introduction – Fabrication techniques for Nanofluidic channels – Biomolecules separation using Nanochannels -Biomolecules Concentration using Nanochannels – Confinement of Biomolecules using Nanochannels.

HUMAN EXPOSURE TO NANOSIZED MATERIALS

Biological Activities of Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles - Respiratory Tract – Efficient deposition of inhaled NSPs. -Disposition of NSPs in the respiratory - Epithelial translocation – Translocation to the circulatory system - Neuronal uptake and translocation -Translocation of NSPs in the blood circulation to bone marrow in mice - Studies of neuronal translocation of UFPs from respiratory tract -Exposure via GI Tract and Skin RISK ASSESSMENT AND EXECUTION

Portals of entry and target tissue – Risk assessment – Ethical – Legal and Social Implications - Nanoparticle Toxicologyand Ecotoxicology, The Role of Oxidative Stress – Development of Test Protocols for Nanomaterials – Regulation of Engineered Nanomaterials in Europe, USA & India

Paper Code – NAN-903 COMPUTATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY 4 Credits

Monte Carlo Simulations- Computational methods and Simulations from ab initio to multiscale Modeling- Modeling of Nanodevices- Applications and Example Problems, Nanoscale simulations-DFT, FE analysis, LDA, LMTO and LCAO. 25

NANOELECTRONICS SIMULATIONS

The objective of this course tells that how to simulate the electronic, transport and operational characteristics of molecular/ nanoelectronic devices

LIST OF TOPICS:

1. MATLAB programme to plot the first four eigenfunctions of a one - dimensional rectangular potential well with infinite potential barrier.

2. Numerical solution of the Schrodinger wave equation for a rectangular potential well with infinite potential barrier using MATLAB programme.

3. Toy model in molecular electronics: IV characteristics of a single level molecule

4. Simulation of I-V Characteristics for a single Junction circuit with a single quantum Dot using MOSES 1.2Simulator.

5. Study of Single Electron Transistor using MOSES1.2 Simulator. 25

Paper Code – BIO-901 Food Biotechnology 4 Credits

1. Introduction Chemical constituent of foods, their properties and function, Characteristic feature of Natural and Processed food. 2. The Structure and Habit of Microorganisms Microorganisms associated with foods, The Origin of names, Microbial classification. 3. Factors Affecting the Growth, Survival and Death of Microorganisms Some important characteristics of food contaminant microorganisms, The characteristic of microbial growth. Rumen microbiology. 4. Fundamentals of the Microbial Ecology of Foods I Food Spoilage and Food-borne Illness, Microbial contamination-sources, routes and control, The Fate of Microorganisms in food, The consequences of microbial growth in foods. 5. Fundamentals of the Microbial Ecology of Foods II Food Preservation and Fermentation, Controlling shelf life by preservation systems, Microbial fermentations and biotechnology. 6. Applications of Microbiology in the Food Industry Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) – based systems and microbiology, Risk assessment and microbiology, Raw food material/ingredients and microbiology, Hygiene monitoring and microbiology, Process monitoring and microbiology, Finished products and microbiology, Trouble-shooting, crisis management and microbiology. 7. Methods for food preservation Rheology of food products, flavor, aroma and other additives in processed foods; Case studies of a few specific food processing sectors, Cereals, protein foods, meat, fish and poultry, vegetable and fruits, milk products. 8. Legislation, safety and quality control 9. Dairy Science Production of liquid milk products, dried products, cream, butter, cheese, fermented milks 10. Naturally Inherent Toxicants Introduction, non- glycosidic compounds, glycosides, Mushrooms, mycotoxins Algae and Animals. An introduction to food Contaminants and about Metals, metalloids and other elements. 11. Nanotechnologies in the Food Arena Background, Natural Food Nanostructures, nanotechnology applications for food ingredients, additives and supplements, nanotechnologies in food packaging, Potential risks of nanofood to consumers. 12. Food preservation and food borne microbial diseases Food preservation and microbial growth – microbial growth and food spoilage, food preservation, fermented food; Microbial sampling and food poisoning – foodborne diseases and microbial sampling, Staphylococcal food poisoning, Clostridial food poisoning; Food infection – Samonellosis, Pathogenic Escherichia coli , Campylobacter , Listeriosis, other foodborne infectious diseases

Text Book:

1. Microbial Examination of Foods- Frances, Keilth, American Public Health Association 2. Enzymes in Food Technology- R.J. Whitehurst, M. van Oort, Willey Blackwell Publishers 3. Food Microbiology and Laboratory Practice- Bell, Neaves, Wiliams, Blackwell Publishing 4. Nanotechnologies in Food-Edited by Qasim Chaudhry,Laurence Castle and Richard Watkins,RSC Publishing 5. Dairy Products-Edited by Rhea Fernandes,RSC Publishing 6. Chemical Food safety-Leon Brimer ,C A B I South Asia Editions

Paper Code – BIO-902 Industrial Biotechnology 4 Credits

1. History of Industrial Biotechnology

Early History, The Penicillin Story, The Coming of the Cephalosporins, The Waksman Era, Strain Improvement, Semi-Synthetic Antibiotics to Combat Resistant Microbes, The Primary Metabolites, The Shift from Antibiotics to Pharmacological Agents, The Biopharmaceutical Revolution, Recombinant Hosts, Enzymes, Bioconversions, Vaccines, Systems Microbiology.

2. Industrial Systems Biology

Introduction, Industrial Biotechnology, Market Drivers for Industrial Biotechnology, Industrial Systems Biology, Metabolic Models, Reconstructed Metabolic Network Models, Industrial Systems Biology Case Studies, Conclusion and Future Perspectives.

3. Directed Evolution of Industrial Biocatalysts

Introduction, Strategies for Protein Design , Assay Systems, selections, Examples,

4. The Industrial production of enzymes

5. Applied Biocatalysis: An Overview

Introduction, The Design of the Bioconversion System, Bioreactors, Rationalizing and Speeding Up the Development and Characterization of a Bioconversion Process.

6. Nanobiotechnology

Setting the Stage, Industrial Perspective, Nanotechnology in Biology and Biochemistry, Biomimicry, Materials and Products, Processes and Devices.

7. Downstream Processing in Industrial Biotechnology

Introduction, Separations in Industrial Biotechnology, Examples of Downstream Processing of Different Product Groups.

8. Industrial Biotechnology in the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries.

Biocatalytic Processes: Scientific and Technological Perspectives, Biocatalytic Processes: Business and Commercial Perspective, Safety, Health, and the Environmental Perspective

9. Industrial Biotechnology in the Food and Feed Sector.

Food Applications, Food and Feed Applications, Feed Applications 10. Industrial Biotechnology in the Paper and Pulp Sector

Enzymes for the Pulp and Paper Industry, Enzymes as Process Aids, Enzymes for Product Design, Biorefinery Concepts.

11. Biofuels: Production and Appliations

A Renewed Interest in Biofuels, Present Conversion Pathways, Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oils and Fats, Ethanol and ETBE Production, The Need for New Developments, Lignocellulosic Biomass Resources, Production of Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass, Production of Biofuels Through the Thermochemical Pathway, Biorefineries, Biofuels and Sustainability.

12. Brewing with enzymes

Introduction, malting, brew-house processing, adjunct brewing, enzyme applications and their role during fermentation, beer stabilisation, future of enzymes in brewing

13. Societal Issues in Industrial Biotechnology

Introduction, The Impact of Industrial Biotechnology, Public Perceptions of Industrial Biotechnology, Societal Issues in Industrial Biotechnology, Conclusions and Discussion: A Joint Agenda for the Smooth Introduction of Acceptable Sustainable Industrial Biotechnology.

Text book

Industrial Biotechnology: Sustainable Growth and Economic Success by Wim Soetaert and Erick J. Vandamme

Reference book

Industrial Microbiology by Waites, Jhon S. Rogkey and Gary Higton

Paper Code – BIO-903 Statistical Bioinformatics 4 Credits

1. Bioinformatics Multiple-Comparisons Issue, High-Dimensional Biological Data, Small-n and Large-p Problem, Noisy High-Throughput Biological Data, Integration of Multiple, Heterogeneous Biological Data Information 2. Probability Concepts and Distributions for Analyzing Large Biological Data Basic Concepts, Conditional Probability and Independence, Random Variables, Expected Value and Variance, Distributions of Random Variables, Joint and Marginal Distribution, Multivariate Distribution, Sampling Distribution 3. Quality Control of High-Throughput Biological Data Sources of Error in High-Throughput Biological Experiments, Statistical Techniques for Quality Control, Issues Specific to Microarray Gene Expression Experiments 4. Statistical Testing and Significance for Large Biological Data Analysis Statistical Testing, Error Controlling, Real Data Analysis, Concluding Remarks 5. Clustering: Unsupervised Learning In Large Biological Data Measures of Similarity, Clustering, Assessment of Cluster Quality, 6. Classification: Supervised Learning With High-Dimensional Biological Data Classification and Prediction Methods, Feature Selection and Ranking, Cross-Validation, Enhancement of Class Prediction by Ensemble Voting Methods, Comparison of Classification Methods Using High-Dimensional Data, Software Examples for Classification Methods 7. Multidimensional Analysis and Visualization on Large Biomedical Data Classical Multidimensional Visualization Techniques, Two-Dimensional Projections, Issues and Challenges, Systematic Exploration of Low-Dimensional Projections, One-Dimensional Histogram Ordering, Two-Dimensional Scatterplot Ordering 8. Statistical Models, Inference, and Algorithms for Large Biological Data Analysis Statistical/Probabilistic Models, Estimation Methods, Numerical Algorithms, Examples 9. Experimental Designs on High-throughput Biological Experiments Randomization, Replication, Pooling, Blocking, Design for Classifications, Design for Time Course Experiments, Design for eQTL Studies 10. Statistical Resampling Techniques For Large Biological Data Analysis Resampling Methods for Prediction Error Assessment and Model Selection, Feature Selection, Resampling -Based Classification Algorithms, Practical Example: Lymphoma, Resampling Methods, Bootstrap Methods, Sample Size Issues, Loss Functions, Bootstrap Resampling for Quantifying Uncertainty, Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods 11. Statistical Network Analysis For Biological Systems And Pathways Boolean Network Modeling, Bayesian Belief Netw ork, Modeling of Metabolic Networks 12. Trends And Statistical Challenges In Genomewide Association Studies Alleles, Linkage Disequilibrium, and Haplotype, International HapMap Project, Genotyping Platforms, Overview of Current GWAS Results, Statistical Issues in GWAS, Haplotype Analysis, Homozygosity and Admixture Mapping, Gene Â Gene and Gene Â Environment Interactions , Gene and Pathway-Based Analysis , Disease Risk Estimates, Meta-Analysis, Rare Variants and Sequence-Based Analysis, 13. R and Bioconductor Packages In Bioinformatics: Towards Systems Biology Brief overview of the Bioconductor Project, Experimental Data, Annotation, Models of Biological Systems

Paper Code – ICT-901 Digital Communication & Signal Processing 4 Credits

Characterization of communication signals, signal space representation, equalization, matched filtering. Spread spectrum modulation: Pseudo noise sequences, DS & FH spread spectrum.

DFT & its properties. Decimation in time and decimation in frequency FFT algorithms, discrete cosine transform.

IIR Filter design: Butterworth design, bilinear transformation. Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass and Band Stop digital filters. Spectral transformation of IIR filters.

FIR Filter design: Symmetric and antisymmetric liner phase. FIR filter by rectangular, triangular and Blackman window functions.

Finite word length effects in FIR and IIR digital filters: Quantization, round off errors and overflow errors.

Multi rate digital signal processing: Concepts, design of practical sampling rate converters, Decimators, interpolators. Polyphase decompositions.

Text Books

1. John G. Proakis and Dimitris G. Manolakis, ‘Digital Signal Processing, Algorithms and Applications’, Pearson Education India, 4th Edition, 2007. 2. Sanjit K.Mitra, ‘Digital Signal Processing - A Computer Based Approach’, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2nd Edition, 2001. 3. B. Venkatramani, M. Bhaskar, ‘Digital Signal Processors Architecture, Programming and Applications’, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2002. Reference Books 1. Openheim and Schafer, ‘Digital Time Signal Processing’, Prentice Hall of India, Reprint, 2002. 2. Emmanuel C. Ifeacher and Barrie W. Jervis, ‘Digital Signal Processing – A Practical Approach’, Pearson Education India, 2nd Edition, 2002. 3. Texas Instruments Manuel for TMS320C5XProcessor. Paper Code – ICT-902 Design & Analysis of Algorithm 4 Credits

Models of computation [4 ] RAM,TM etc. time and space complexity Asymptotic Notation [3] Big-O, omega, theta etc.; finding time complexity of well known algorithms like- heapsort, search algorithm etc Algorithm Design techniques [2] Recursion- Definition, Use, Limitations, Examples: Hanoi problem. Tail Recursion Divide and Conquer [3] Basic method, use, Examples: Merge sort, Quick Sort, Binary Search Dynamic Programming [4] Basic method, use, Examples: matrix-chain multiplication, All pair shortest paths, single-source shortest path, Traveling Salesman problem Branch and Bound [2] Basic method, use, Examples: The 15-puzzle problem Backtracking [3] Basic method, use, Examples: Eight queens problem, Graph coloring problem, Hamiltonian problem Greedy Method [4] Basic method, use, Examples: Knapsack problem, Job sequencing with deadlines, minimum spanning tree (Prim's and Kruskal's algorithms) Lower Bound Theory [2] Bounds on sorting and sorting techniques using partial and total orders. Disjoint Set Manipulation [2] Set manipulation algorithm like UNION-FIND, union by rank, Path compression. Properties of graphs and graph traversal algorithms [3L]: BFS and DFS Matrix manipulation algorithms [5] Different types of algorithms and solution of simultaneous equations, DFT & FFT algorithm; integer multiplication schemes

Text Books: 1. A.Aho, J.Hopcroft and J.Ullman “The Design and Analysis of algorithms” 2. D.E.Knuth “The Art of Computer Programming”, Vol. I & Vol.2 3. Horowitz Ellis, Sahani Sartaz, R. Sanguthevar " Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms". 4. Goodman: Introduction to Design and Analysis Of Algorithms TMH Reference: 1. K.Mehlhorn , “Data Structures and algorithms- Vol. I & Vol. 2 “ 2. S.Baase “Computer algorithms” 3. E.Horowitz and Shani “Fundamentals of Computer algorithms” 4. E.M.Reingold, J.Nievergelt and N.Deo- “Combinational algorithms- Theory and Practice”, Prentice Hall , 1997

Paper Code – ICT-903 Computer Graphics & Image processing 4 Credits

Introduction to Computer Graphics & Graphics systems [6] Overview of computer graphics, representing pictures, preparing, presenting & interacting with pictures for presentations; Visualization & image processing; RGB color model, direct coding, lookup table; storage tube graphics display, Raster scan display, 3D viewing devices, Plotters, printers, digitizers, Light pens etc.; Active & Passive graphics devices; Computer graphics software. Scan conversion: [6] Points & lines, Line drawing algorithms; DDA algorithm, Bresenham’s line algorithm, Circle generation algorithm; Ellipse generating algorithm; scan line polygon, fill algorithm, boundary fill algorithm, flood fill algorithm. 2D transformation & viewing [8] Basic transformations: translation, rotation, scaling; Matrix representations & homogeneous coordinates, transformations between coordinate systems; reflection shear; Transformation of points, lines, parallel lines, intersecting lines. Viewing pipeline, Window to view port co-ordinate transformation, clipping operations, point clipping, line clipping, clipping circles, polygons & ellipse. 3D transformation & viewing [7] 3D transformations: translation, rotation, scaling & other transformations. Rotation about an arbitrary axis in space, reflection through an arbitrary plane; general parallel projection transformation; clipping, view port clipping, 3D viewing. Curves [3] Curve representation, surfaces, designs, Bezier curves. Hidden surfaces [3] Depth comparison, Z-buffer algorithm, Back face detection, BSP tree method, the Printer’s algorithm, scan-line algorithm; Hidden line elimination, wire frame methods, fractal - geometry. Color & shading models [2] Light & color model; interpolative shading model; Texture; Image Processing [8] Introduction Digital Image Formation, Image enhancement, Image restoration, Image segmentation, Pattern recognition.

Text Books: 1. Hearn, Baker – “Computer Graphics (C version 2nd Ed.)” – Pearson education 2. Foley, Vandam, Feiner, Hughes – “Computer Graphics principles (2nd Ed.) – Pearson Education. 3. D. F. Rogers, J. A. Adams – “ Mathematical Elements for Computer Graphics (2nd Ed.)” – TMH 4. Digital Image Processing, Tao Gonzalez, Woods, Pearson

Paper Code – CON-901 Neurotoxicology and Neuropharmacology 4 Credits

General principles of neurotoxicology, the cell and molecular mechanisms and health impacts of specific neurotoxicants and the contribution of neurotoxic compounds to complex neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Primary objectives: 1) To understand the basic methods and models used to evaluate and study neurotoxicity; 2) To understand the factors that influence the vulnerability of the nervous system to environmental agents; 3) To learn about the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which toxicants perturb neurological function and how these may contribute to human disorders and diseases; and 4)To learn how to critically evaluate the primary scientific literature in the field of neurotoxicology. UNIT- 1: Neurotoxicity-I (15) Principles of cellular neurobiology,Overview of the chemistry of neurotransmission, Introduction to neurotoxicology ,Introduction to developmental neurotoxicology, Neurobehavioral testing,Imaging,Physiological approaches, Animal models,Transmission toxicity, Axonopathies, Excitotoxicity. UNIT- 2: Neurotoxicity-II (10) Structural neuropathological endpoints of Neurotoxicity:including Ultrastructural changes. Dose- Response Evaluation with reference to neurological effects.Neurochemical Endpoints of Neurotoxicity Assessment by Alterations in synthesis,release, uptake and degradation of neuro- Transmitters . UNIT- 3: Neuropharmacology of Neural systems and Disorders-I (10) Autonomic Nervous System, Neural and Neuroendocrine control of internal milieu, Pain and inflammation,Sleep and Arousal,stroke and Migraine. UNIT- 4: Neuropharmacology of Neural systems and Disorders-II (10) Higher Cognitive function and Behavioral control, Mood and Emotion,Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders,Schizophrenia and other Psychoses,Neurodegeneration, Seizure Disorde rs. References Books: Dobbs M.R., Clinical Neurotoxicology. Cheg wang,William slikker Jr., Developmental Neurotoxicology Research. Eric Nestler , Steven H yman, Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience.

Paper Code – CON-902 Neuroimaging of Cognition 4 Credits

UNIT 1: History and Methods (15)

1. Functional neuroimaging: A historical & Physiological persepective

2. Functional neuroimaging: Basic principle of f-MRI

3. Functional neuroimaging: Experimental Design & Analysis

UNIT 2: Cognitive Domains (15)

1. Functional neuroimaging of attention

2. Functional neuroimaging of skill learning

3. Functional neuroimaging of semantic memory

4. Functional neuroimaging of language

5. Functional neuroimaging of episodic memory

6. Functional neuroimaging of working memory

7. Functional neuroimaging of executive function

UNIT 3: Application of functional neuroimaging (15)

1. Early cognitive development

1. Cognitive ageing

2. Emotion & social cognition

3. Neurophysiologically impaired patients

Reference Books:

Text Book: Handbook of functional neuroimaging of cognition, 2nd edition, edited by Roberto Cabeza and Alan Kingstone, MIT Press.

Paper Code – CON-903 Computational and Mathematical Modeling of 4 Credits Neural Systems

Neural encoding I : Firing rate and spike statistics

Introduction,Spike trains and firing rates,Neuron fires, Spike train statistics, The neural code

Neural encoding II : Reserve correlation and visual receptive fields

Introduction, Estimating firing rates, Introduction to early visual system, Reserve correlation methods – Simple cells , Static non linearities – complex cells , receptive fields in the retina and LGN , Constructing VI Receptive fields .

Neural Decoding

Information Theory

Model Neurons I : Neuroelectronics

Introduction, Electrical properties of neurons, Single compartment models, Integrate and fire model ,Voltage dependent conductance. The Hodgkin – Huxley model, Modelling channel

Synaptic conductance, Synapse on integrate and fire model.

Model Neurons II : Conductance and Morphology

Levels of neuron modelling, Conductance – based models ,The cable equations ,Multi – compartment model.

UNIT 2: (8)

Network Models

Introduction, Firing rate model, Feedforward and recurrent network, Excitatory inhibitory networks, Stochastic networks.

UNIT 3: Plasticity and Learning (15)

Classical conditioning & Reinforcement Learning, Representational Learning.

Reference Books:

Text Book: Dayan P. And Aboutt L. F.,Theoritical Neuroscience .