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Cultures of Democracy in Ethiopia Cultures of Democracy in Ethiopia - From Theory to Lived Experiences This conference volume is a collection of papers that were presented at the conference “Cultures of Democracy in Ethiopia” that was held in Gondar in April 2017. The spirit and tenor of the essays assembled within this publication focus on the cultural metrics that underlie the diverse cultures and meanings of democracy. The issues addressed in this book involve topics ranging from dialogue, communication, democratization, vulnerable subjects, liberation, self-governing, indigenous concepts, public reasoning, intra-party democracy, conflict resolution and secession up to including the question of the potential of media and music to act in processes of democratization. What they have in common is a call for a better understanding of democracy, for practicing democracy, and thus for eventually developing cultures of democracy. This book is the result of those deliberations. The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung and the Gondar University are convinced that this research on cultures of democracy depicts an enriching and unique perspective on democratization in Ethiopia. CULTURES OF DEMOCRACY IN ETHIOPIA Editors Dr. Sonja John is assistant professor of Civics and Ethical Studies at the University of Gondar, Ethiopia, where she continues her work around topics of Indigenous sovereignty and decoloniality. She previously taught seminars at the American Studies institutes at Humboldt University Berlin and Technical University Dresden. She holds a Ph.D. in Political Science and graduated from two master’s programs, in Lakota Leadership and Management and in Political Science. She is the author of the book Enacting Empowerment: Implications form the Oglala Oyate Woitancan Empowerment Zone (2011), in addition to other books, book chapters and journal articles. She is the associate editor of the Renaissance Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. Her current research investigates refusal and willfulness from an intersectional perspective. Dr. Dagnachew Assefa Desta received his Ph.D. in Philosophy from Boston College. He taught Philosophy at Suffolk University (Boston) and Addis Abeba University. He has published numerous articles on philosophy, politics, and aesthetics, both in English and Amharic. Currently he is working on a book on Ethiopian old and new educational system beginning from the early 20th century up to now. Dr. Busha Taa obtained his BA in Political Science from York University and MA in Political Sociology from Western University, Canada. He earned his Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Toronto, Canada. Dr. Busha has extensive experience in teaching and research from various Canadian universities, including University of Toronto, Ryerson University, University of Guelph, Brock University, and Wilfrid Laurier University. He has managed various research projects at the University of Toronto and Ryerson University. Dr. Busha has published various articles on peer reviewed journals and academic books. At present, Dr. Busha is an associate professor of Sociology at the University of Gondar. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of the Renaissance Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, hosted by the University of Gondar. CULTURES OF DEMOCRACY IN ETHIOPIA Cultures of Democracy in Ethiopia From Theory to Lived Experiences Dr. Sonja John Dr. Dagnachew Assefa Dr. Busha Taa A publication of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Ethiopia CULTURES OF DEMOCRACY IN ETHIOPIA Imprint Copyright © 2017 Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Ethiopia All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the expressed written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review. Printed in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia First Printing, 2017 Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Queen Elizabeth II Street Addis Ababa, Ethiopia https://www.fes-ethiopia.org CULTURES OF DEMOCRACY IN ETHIOPIA Contents Constantin Grund: Foreword I ------------------------------------------------- i Kassahun Tegegne: Foreword II ----------------------------------------------- ii Dagnachew Assefa, Busha Taa and Sonja John: Introduction -------------- 1 Dr. Magdalena Freudenschuss: Democracy and Its Subjects – Rational, Autonomous, Stable? ------------------------------------------------- 6 Dr. Sonja John: Indigenize Democracy – Public Reasoning and Participation as a Democratic Foundation ------------------------------------- 20 Teguada Alebachew: Regulation of Intra-Party Democracy in Ethiopia: A Review of the Constitution and Party Laws -------------------------------- 36 Fasil Merawi: Modernity, Democratization and Intercultural Dialogue in Ethiopia ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 Nigisti Gebreslassie and Dr. Sonja John: Hope for Tomorrow through Street Children Dialogue --------------------------------------------------------- 65 Ebrahim Damtew: Aspects of the History of “Queens of peace and co-existence”: the dubarti and their qoti in Jamma, South Wallo ---------- 71 Tewelde Gebremariam: The ‘Democratic Developmental State’ in Ethiopia: Origin, Challenges and Prospects ----------------------------------- 88 Wuhibegezer Ferede: (Re) Assessing the Questions of Nationalities in Ethiopia: Focusing on Secessionist Politics ----------------------------------- 105 Yilkal Ayalew: The Practice of Civic Ethical Education and its Implications for the Development of a Democratic Political Culture ----- 121 Tezera Tazebew: The Internet and Democratization in Ethiopia: Challenges and Prospects -------------------------------------------------------- 134 Solomon Girma: Music and Democracy in Ethiopia: A Content Analysis of Two Amharic Songs ---------------------------------------------------------- 152 CULTURES OF DEMOCRACY IN ETHIOPIA Foreword I Ethiopia is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of civilization, history and culture. This wealth includes democratic traditions that date back to time immemorial. The basic democratic principles of self-government, equality, representation, voice, open debate and consensus, as well as participation in agenda setting and decision making have long since been practiced as traditional cultures at local level in various aspects of Ethiopian societies. Most traditional institutions of Ethiopia embrace fundamental democratic values such as rule of law, principles of single term office and principles of impeachment of leaders amongst others. Incorporating these principles into modern day Ethiopian context is an ongoing process. The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung is a German political foundation which was established in 1925 as a political legacy of Germany’s first democratically elected president, Friedrich Ebert. Among its objectives, the goal of FES is to contribute to international understanding and cooperation and to foster dialogues on social democracy worldwide. Since 1992, FES has established close partnerships to support the Ethiopian democratization processes. Its principal areas of activity are; facilitating policy dialogues on important political issues for the country’s present and future, providing capacity building for various actors of the Ethiopian society and leadership development to prepare the next generation of Ethiopian decision-makers. The articles compiled in this publication reveal that in Ethiopia, there is more than one understanding of democracy or democratic cultures instead of one single (western- oriented) form of democracy. To analyze their conceptualizations, was the main objective of a conference organized in April 2017. This publication “Cultures of Democracy in Ethiopia” is a summary of the respective discussions. The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung is convinced that this research on cultures of democracy depicts an enriching and unique perspective on democratization in Ethiopia. It is our sincere belief that policy makers as well as practitioners will find useful knowledge and suggestions within this impressive edition. It can therefore serve to identify pathways to cope with ongoing challenges for peace, development and social cohesion in Ethiopia. FES expresses its profound gratitude to the Department of Civics and Ethical Studies of Gondar University, the inspiring paper presenters and, of course, the editors of this endeavor for ensuring excellent collaboration all along the path to publication. Constantin Grund Resident Representative Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung ⅰ CULTURES OF DEMOCRACY IN ETHIOPIA Foreword II Dear Readers, allow me to warmly welcome you to the reading of this book. The word democracy comes from a Greek word which means the rule of law. Nowadays, democracy is believed to be the best way of governing societies as it gives an opportunity for all to exercise the rule of law, justice, freedom and fundamental human rights. In many circumstances, democratic culture is not being practiced as expected because of prevailing challenges. The fight against lack of democracy and good governance has now become not only the concern of a single country but also an international concern and a number of initiatives have been taken both at global and national levels to improve the culture of democracy. To build a democratic culture, people must have equal rights irrespective of their gender, religion, ethnicity and origin and many strategies to fulfill these objectives have been fashioned to achieve the desired social transformations. One of these strategies is organizing conferences such as the one which took place in Gondar.
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