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Design Strategies • Figurative Language: 4 tropes or classes – Irony: incongruity between words & meaning – Metaphor: comparison implying likeness between two disparate concepts – Synecdoche: substitution of part for whole or the whole for the part – Metonymy: symbolic substitution of attribute or symbol for a concrete “thing” Design Strategies • Literal Language: “It’s raining hard” • Figurative Language: 4 tropes or classes – Irony: “Lovely weather we’re having” – Metaphor: “It’s raining cats and dogs” – Synecdoche: “The drops are really coming down”. – Metonymy: “It’s umbrella weather” 1 Personality Type & Trope Style 1. Identify your primary trope style 2. Identify your secondary trope styles 3. Identify your least likely trope style Design Strategies: Group Exercises • Define a universal theme & brief details – First Love / Eternal Love / Love Lost – Unattainable Love – Infidelity – Social Class, Headline, Famous Person or Event, etc. • Find a Cliché as a workable theme. – Grass is greener on the other side – Can’t judge a book by its cover 2 Design Strategies: Metaphor • Verbal equation comparing two unusual concepts with distant link • Right brain holistic mode to compare similarities and synthesize new comparison • Examples of metaphors in songs? • Specific types of metaphors: – Simile: tentative or weaker metaphor using like, as, or than – Personification - examples Design Strategies: Metaphor •Exercise: – Use ROADTRIP as a metaphor to design a lyric layout for your universal theme – Complete the metaphor – Realistic comparisons 3 Design Strategies: Synecdoche • Substitutes the part for the whole (more common) or the whole for the part • Left brain mode (analytical) identify key components and parts of the whole • The substitution must embody the whole • Examples: – Sailing – The canvas can do miracles – A bottle full of bubbles = ? Design Strategies: Metonymy • External attribute or symbol for a concrete object • Can be confused with synecdoche - more abstract, not directly connected • Combination of left & right brain modes • Possession for possessor • Place for place’s identity • Container for the contained • Creator for the creation 4 Design Strategies: Metonymy • Enactment – cause for effect •Exercise: – Identify an effect of your universal theme and then visualize the specifics to come up with metonymy Design Strategies: Irony • Paradox – overstatement - understatement • Pun – word play – words pronounced the same with different meanings • Examples: – Train – teach, vehicle, line, link of ideas – Blue, blew • Double entendre – double meaning, symbolism – often used in sex plots / themes • Pitfall – have to hear the pun and connection 5 Design Strategies Add Depth • Majority of song lyrics are either: • Plot / story-line driven lyrics OR emotion driven lyrics • Go to the library and search the periodicals and go online and look at headlines and create examples of each of the 4 design strategies • For this afternoon (2 PM): bring back headlines and / or article descriptions used to create your examples • Framing Strategies & Plot Categories are the nuts & bolts assembly of the lyric composition 6.

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Genesis and Development of Stylistic Devices Classifications
Philology Matters Volume 2020 Issue 3 Article 6 9-20-2020 GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF STYLISTIC DEVICES CLASSIFICATIONS Feruza Khajieva Associate professor (PhD), Department of English Literature Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan Follow this and additional works at: https://uzjournals.edu.uz/philolm Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, Language Interpretation and Translation Commons, Linguistics Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, and the Reading and Language Commons Recommended Citation Khajieva, Feruza Associate professor (PhD), Department of English Literature (2020) "GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF STYLISTIC DEVICES CLASSIFICATIONS," Philology Matters: Vol. 2020 : Iss. 3 , Article 6. DOI: 10. 36078/987654447 Available at: https://uzjournals.edu.uz/philolm/vol2020/iss3/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by 2030 Uzbekistan Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philology Matters by an authorized editor of 2030 Uzbekistan Research Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Khajieva: GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF STYLISTIC DEVICES CLASSIFICATIONS Philology Matters / ISSN: 1994-4233 2020 Vol. 33 No. 3 LINGUISTICS ФМ Uzbek State World Languages University DOI: 10. 36078/987654447 Feruza Khajieva Феруза Ҳожиева Associate professor (PhD), Department of English Бухоро давлат университети, Инглиз адабиёти Literature, Bukhara State University кафедраси доценти, филология фанлари бўйича фалсафа доктори GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF STYLISTIC DEVICES СТИЛИСТИК ВОСИТАЛАР ТАСНИФ- CLASSIFICATIONS ЛАРИ ГЕНЕЗИСИ ВА ТАДРИЖИ ANNOTATION АННОТАЦИЯ Тhe article discusses the problem of a stylistic Мақолада стилистик воситалар муаммо- device, its innate features and the literary, си, жумладан, уларнинг табиати ҳамда ва ба- aesthetic, imagery functions, the example to диий-эстетик, образлилик вазифалари таҳлил stylistic convergence is also given.
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Non-Serious Text Types, Comic Discourse, Humour, Puns, Language Play, Limericks, Punning and Joking Leonhard Lipka
Non-serious Text Types, Comic Discourse, Humour, Puns, Language Play, Limericks, Punning and Joking Leonhard Lipka Text Types, in a broad sense, may be classified, according to the intention of the text- producer, as either serious or not. Another binary distinction is spoken vs. written texts, neutralized in the category discourse. Such classifications may be used in the composition of corpora, where humour is often neglected as a criterion. Basically, word play and joking must be analysed and described from a pragmatic perspective. Keywords: discourse, word-play, humour, pun, pragmatics 1. Text Types and Corpora 1.1 Humour in the ICE, LOB and elsewhere As described in Greenbaum (1991) the detailed composition of the International Corpus of English (ICE) does not contain the class of humorous texts at all. Fries, in his teaching, called jokes, headlines, captions, texts on greeting cards, prefaces, dedications ‘Minor Text Types’. He would also include limericks in this category (personal communication). Another binary classification possible would be if a text is invited or not. Invited texts are e.g. book reviews or contributions to festschrifts or to collections of articles and special volumes and numbers of journals (including online journals – responding to call for papers). In contrast, as shown in Lipka (1999: 90) the Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen (or LOB) Corpus contains only two instances and samples of humour. This observation demonstrates a clear neglect of such an important aspect of human communication. However, various books deal with the phenomenon and provide a wealth of illustrations of verbal play, puns and jokes such as Blake (2007), Chiaro (1992), Crystal (1998), Nash (1985) and Redfern (1984).
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The Cognitive Psychology of Humour in Written Puns
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The Humorous Times Newsletter of the International Society for Humor Studies Winter/Spring 2016 Volume 29, Issue 1/2 Association News
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Lexical Stylistic Devices and Literary Terms of Figurative Language
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-3S, October 2019 Lexical Stylistic Devices and Literary Terms of Figurative Language Saidova Mukhayyo Umedilloevna Abstract: The degree of study and significance of lexical II. MATERIALS AND METHODS literary devices are carried out in the given article. The essential aspects of lexical devices and information about numerous The scientific and practical studies about linguistic terms methods of investigating and studying them are discussed. are based on ideas of Akhmanova (1966, 1990), Vasileva Terms belonged to the lexical level of the language and the (1998), Gwishiani (1986, 1990), Golovin (1976), Kulikova analyses of lexical devices given by several dictionaries of (2002), Petrosyants (2004), Podolskaya (1988), Slyusarova literary terms and sources are explained in the article. In this (1983, 2000), Shelov (1998) and others. In recent years, article we would like to refer to different approaches on study of studies on linguistic terms have been published and we can literary terms of figurative language, more preciously on lexical see these studies on Roman language terminology in works of stylistic devices. There are many types of figurative language, including literary devices such Nikulina (1990), Utkina (2001), Emelyanova (2000), as simile, metaphor, personification and many others. The Vermeer (1971), Zakharenkova (1999), German (1990), definition of figurative language is opposite to that of literal Golovkina (1996) [6, 11-41]. language, which involves only the “proper” or dictionary If we pay close attention to the aforesaid studies, we can definitions of words. Figurative language usually requires the see that literary terms which is the object of our research reader or listener to understand some extra nuances, context and project has been studied relatively rarely in Slovenian, allusions in order to understand the second meaning.
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Free Lesson: Stylistic Devices Used in Rhetoric
Free Lesson of the Month July, 2009 Each month, Prestwick House shares one of our customer’s favorite lessons with you for free. Every lesson is ready-to-use right from one of our most popular books for our newsletter subscribers. We’re committed to providing teachers with the highest-quality teaching materials that are both ready-to- use and educationally sound. To that end, we hope that the included lesson is useful in your classroom. Please feel free to share this lesson with all your colleagues. We hope that they find these classroom- proven lessons to be as useful as you do. This month’s Free Lesson was written by Douglas Grudzina, former teacher and author of Rhetorical Devices: A Handbook and Activities for Student Writers. This introduction to rhetorical devices includes allusion, anaphora, antithesis, asyndeton and polysyndeton, conduplicatio, epithet, hyperbaton, metaphor, parallelism, simile, synecdoche and metonymy, and zeugma. Included in the exercise is: • Definitions and examples for each of these stylistic devices • Three complete passages with underlined devices for students to identify • A teacher answer key Please feel free to browse through our complete list of Past Free Lessons or subscribe to the Prestwick House Footnotes Newsletter. Limited copyright release: All materials included in this file are copyright Prestwick House, Inc. 2009. You are granted limited rights to reproduce and distribute the enclosed materials for classroom use only. For any questions regarding this copyright release, please contact Prestwick House at 1-800-932-4593. Prestwick House PO Box 658 Clayton, DE 19938 1-800-932-4593 www.prestwickhouse.com Rhetorical Devices: Stylistic Devices Intended grade levels for this activity: 10 – 12 Flesh-Kincaide level: 10.8 Rhetorical devices are language tools that skillful writers and speakers use to add clarity and interest to their work.
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Laughing out Loud: Taking a Stand on Standup for the ESL Student Kathy Zimbaldi Westside High School INTRODUCTION I Am a Seconda
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Figurative Meaning Found in Sport News Article I. Introduction
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