7/31/2014
Geosmithiamorbidaspores found on Thousand cankers disease Stenomimus pallidus weevils from Indiana: How we found G. morbida and what it means + =
Walnut Twig Beetles Geosmithia morbida Presenters: Dr. Sharon Reed (University of Missouri), Dr. Jennifer Juzwik (USFS)
Research team also includes: Mark Banik (USFS), Dr. Matt Ginzel (Purdue University), Dr. Jim English (University of Missouri), Phil Marshall (Indiana Dept. of Natural Resources
Funded by Forest Health Protection Special Projects (USFS) Photo Credits: Whitney Cranshaw, Ned Tisserat, Javier Mercado, Colorado State University, bugwood.org
2011 Project Goals Sampling locations
• Identify other beetles that might attack Other tree stressed walnut trees pathogens?
• Determine what Biocontrol fungi were associated agents? with those beetles
• Sites: Plantation, natural forest, urban planting
12 MO and 15 IN sites Beetles • 104 trees girdled and treated with glyphosate • 3 months standing to • 15 ambrosia beetle permit attack spp. (16,270 beetles) • Removed stem and branch logs • 4 bark beetle spp. (48 beetles)
• 7 weevil spp. (569 weevils)
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Most abundant species Abundant weevils
• Stenomimus pallidus (4% of collection)
• Himatium errans (1% of collection)
Xyleborinus saxesenii, 55% Xylosandrus Xylosandrus germanus, 7% crassiusculus, 27% Photo credit: Janet Ciegler Photo Credits: Natasha Wright, Florida dept. of ag. and consumer services, bugwood.org Photo credit: Tom Murray; BugGuide.net
Other beetles of interest Fungal identification
Exotic Xyleborinus saxeseni (111 beetles), • Ambrosiodmus rubricollis1 Xylosandrus crassiusculus (73), Xylosandrus germanus (84), Xyleborus affinis (75), • Ambrosiophilus atratus 1:Photo, Baker and Bambara, bugwood.org Stenomimus pallidus (32), Pityophthorus lautus (12) • Cyclorhipidion bodoanum • Dryoxylon onohaerensum2 • Euwallacea validus 3 2: Photo, Javier Mercardo Plate 1/2 crushed beetle Direct DNA sequence on nutrient media Relative of WTB
• Pityophthorus lautus Hundreds of DNA 3,000 + dishes of fungi sequences 3:Photo, Pennsylvania Dept. Ag.
Fungi of importance G. morbida on Indiana weevils
• Putative pathogens Yellowwood State Forest plantation Initially, • 1 of 2 weevils G. morbida positive • Putative insect pathogens After further isolations, • 3 of 21 weevils Direct DNA sequence (2) • Putative pathogens G. morbida grown on nutrient media (1) of fungi No G. morbida on 107 S. pallidus • Other Geosmithia weevils tested from 12 other Indiana counties Stenomimus pallidus, J. Ciegler
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Stenomimus pallidus S. pallidus widely distributed
• Indiana • 435 individuals • 12 of 15 locations
• Missouri Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology • 9 individuals • 2 of 12 locations (St. Louis and Kansas city regions)
Insect Museum, North Carolina State University
Triangles- S. pallidus present, Star- G. morbida detected on S. pallidus weevils
Habits of S. pallidus Stenomimus pallidus
• Living under bark of black walnut • 31 trees between 15 and 30 cm diameter (6 – 12 in) C. Drury 1915 • 427 of 435 specimens from main stem • Living under loose bark of freshly fallen oak logs Entomological News, 1900 • Up to 10 other species using same trees as S. pallidus for breeding material
12 • Breeding in wounded places on living hickory 10 trees 8 6
Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1893 Frequency 4
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0 • Information provided by Rick Hoebeke 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of other species found breeding in same tree
Additional isolations from beetles Implications……. Other species found in logs from 2 trees at Yellowwood
Wood-boring beetles (147 isolations) • Xylosandrus crassiusculus • Xylosandrus germanus • Xyleborinus saxeseni • Euwallacea validus
No G. morbida detected!
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