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Researchers Document Aviary Eggshell with Iridescence for the First Time 10 December 2014, by Bob Yirka
Researchers document aviary eggshell with iridescence for the first time 10 December 2014, by Bob Yirka they found to be made of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and some other yet to be identified organic compounds) which gave the egg its glossy sheen. When they removed the cuticle from a portion of an egg sample—they found that it was blue underneath, but that the iridescence was gone. Thus, they concluded that the iridescent blue was due to a combination of the pigment and Photographs (a–c) of T. major, E. elegans and N. cuticle. maculosa nests. Average length breadth of eggs (a–c): 58 48 mm, 53 39 mm and 40 29 mm. Photo credits: The researchers can't say for sure why the bird Karsten Thomsen, Sam Houston and Shirley eggs have such features as they would appear to Sekarajasingham. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, draw attention to them, rather than help keep them Published 10 December 2014 . DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1210 hidden. It seems possible that the iridescence actually causes the eggs to be more difficult to see in their particular environment to a particular type of prey. More likely, the researchers suggest is that (Phys.org)—A team of researchers with members eggs that stand out can be more easily spotted or from New Zealand, Czech Republic and the U.S. differentiated from other eggs from birds of the has documented for the first time an example of an same species, which could serve as a means of aviary egg that has iridescence. In their paper encouraging males to assist with incubation. -
Natural History and Breeding Behavior of the Tinamou, Nothoprocta Ornata
THE AUK A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY VoL. 72 APRIL, 1955 No. 2 NATURAL HISTORY AND BREEDING BEHAVIOR OF THE TINAMOU, NOTHOPROCTA ORNATA ON the high mountainous plain of southern Peril west of Lake Titicaca live three speciesof the little known family Tinamidae. The three speciesrepresent three different genera and grade in size from the small, quail-sizedNothura darwini found in the farin land and grassy hills about Lake Titicaca between 12,500 and 13,300 feet to the large, pheasant-sized Tinamotis pentlandi in the bleak country between 14,000 and 16,000 feet. Nothoproctaornata, the third species in this area and the one to be discussedin the present report, is in- termediate in size and generally occurs at intermediate elevations. In Peril we have encountered Nothoproctabetween 13,000 and 14,300 feet. It often lives in the same grassy areas as Nothura; indeed, the two speciesmay be flushed simultaneouslyfrom the same spot. This is not true of Nothoproctaand the larger tinamou, Tinamotis, for although at places they occur within a few hundred yards of each other, Nothoproctais usually found in the bunch grassknown locally as ichu (mostly Stipa ichu) or in a mixture of ichu and tola shrubs, whereas Tinamotis usually occurs in the range of a different bunch grass, Festuca orthophylla. The three speciesof tinamous are dis- tinguished by the inhabitants, some of whom refer to Nothura as "codorniz" and to Nothoproctaas "perdiz." Tinamotis is always called "quivia," "quello," "keu," or some similar derivative of its distinctive call. The hilly, almost treeless countryside in which Nothoproctalives in southern Peril is used primarily for grazing sheep, alpacas,llamas, and cattle. -
Peru: from the Cusco Andes to the Manu
The critically endangered Royal Cinclodes - our bird-of-the-trip (all photos taken on this tour by Pete Morris) PERU: FROM THE CUSCO ANDES TO THE MANU 26 JULY – 12 AUGUST 2017 LEADERS: PETE MORRIS and GUNNAR ENGBLOM This brand new itinerary really was a tour of two halves! For the frst half of the tour we really were up on the roof of the world, exploring the Andes that surround Cusco up to altitudes in excess of 4000m. Cold clear air and fantastic snow-clad peaks were the order of the day here as we went about our task of seeking out a number of scarce, localized and seldom-seen endemics. For the second half of the tour we plunged down off of the mountains and took the long snaking Manu Road, right down to the Amazon basin. Here we traded the mountainous peaks for vistas of forest that stretched as far as the eye could see in one of the planet’s most diverse regions. Here, the temperatures rose in line with our ever growing list of sightings! In all, we amassed a grand total of 537 species of birds, including 36 which provided audio encounters only! As we all know though, it’s not necessarily the shear number of species that counts, but more the quality, and we found many high quality species. New species for the Birdquest life list included Apurimac Spinetail, Vilcabamba Thistletail, Am- pay (still to be described) and Vilcabamba Tapaculos and Apurimac Brushfnch, whilst other montane goodies included the stunning Bearded Mountaineer, White-tufted Sunbeam the critically endangered Royal Cinclodes, 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Peru: From the Cusco Andes to The Manu 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com These wonderful Blue-headed Macaws were a brilliant highlight near to Atalaya. -
Alpha: Labor Is the New Capital
Nov. 19 - Dear Ostrom Workshop readers: I’m so grateful for the opportunity to present at the Workshop. This paper is still in its early stages. I’m still working through the argu- ments, and, having presented the paper twice (first, two weeks ago, and again just today) it’s clear to me that it will be two papers. Also it’s clear that I still have a lot of work ahead of me. So thanks in ad- vance for your willingness to read a very rough draft. But I much pre- fer presenting work at a stage when I can actually still make funda- mental changes to the paper. The first paper (the first half of this draft) will argue that “alpha” is a useful third category of income in addition to labor and capital, that “alpha” best accounts for the rise of U.S. income inequality, and that “alpha” is often taxed at low capital gains rates. The second paper (the second half of this draft) will set forth a nor- mative theory of capital income taxation, with a uniform rate struc- ture from whatever source derived. This is really where the tax litera- ture began 100 years ago. But the literature has moved away from uniformity over the last fifty years, towards exemption of capital in- come. The facts on the ground suggest to me that we ought to move back to basics. Finally, a note on the background of this project. This draft was pre- pared for Tax Law Review symposium on tax and entrepreneurship. It consolidates a lot of my prior work on the tax treatment of private equity and venture capital. -
Satellite Imagery Reveals New Critical Habitat for Endangered Bird Species in the High Andes of Peru
Vol. 13: 145–157, 2011 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published online February 16 doi: 10.3354/esr00323 Endang Species Res OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Satellite imagery reveals new critical habitat for Endangered bird species in the high Andes of Peru Phred M. Benham1, Elizabeth J. Beckman1, Shane G. DuBay1, L. Mónica Flores2, Andrew B. Johnson1, Michael J. Lelevier1, C. Jonathan Schmitt1, Natalie A. Wright1, Christopher C. Witt1,* 1Museum of Southwestern Biology and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87110, USA 2Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Urb. Huertos de San Antonio, Surco, Lima, Peru ABSTRACT: High-resolution satellite imagery that is freely available on Google Earth provides a powerful tool for quantifying habitats that are small in extent and difficult to detect by medium- resolution Landsat imagery. Relictual Polylepis forests of the high Andes are of critical importance to several globally threatened bird species, but, despite growing international attention to Polylepis conservation, many gaps remain in our knowledge of its distribution. We examined high-resolution satellite imagery in Google Earth to search for new areas of Polylepis in south-central Peru that potentially support Polylepis-specialist bird species. In central Apurímac an extensive region of high- resolution satellite imagery contained 127 Polylepis fragments, totaling 683.15 ha of forest ranging from 4000 to 4750 m a.s.l. Subsequent fieldwork confirmed the presence of mature Polylepis forest and all 6 Polylepis-specialist bird species, 5 of which are considered globally threatened. Our find- ings (1) demonstrate the utility of Google Earth for applied conservation and (2) suggest improved prospects for the persistence of the Polylepis-associated avifauna. -
Middleburg and Nearby Researched and Compiled by Vme Edom Smith, Phd Edited by Gwen Dobson
Middleburg and Nearby Researched and Compiled by Vme Edom Smith, PhD Edited by Gwen Dobson ABADIE, Pierre, 205 ABEL-SMITH, Mimi Mills, 7 ABRAMS, James S., 181 Academy for boys and girls (Upperville), 154 ACHILLES, Pam, 38 ACHILLIES, Cindy, 205 ADAMS, Ann, 193 ADAMS, Charles, 193 ADAMS, Eleanor, 193 ADAMS, Eleanor Gilbert, 267 ADAMS, John (President), 98, 99 ADAMS, John, 112 ADAMS, John Quincy, 99 ADAMS, Paul, 267 ADAMS, Roy Delaplane Dr., 256 ADAMS, William H., 2, 24 Adams' (Store), 2, 24 ALBERT, Mary John (Sister), 206 ALBRITTON, Joe Lewis, 7, 13, 80 Aldie, 116-129 Aldie Carnival, 129 Aldie Country Store, 128 Aldie Garage, 128 Aldie Horticultural Society, 121 Aldie Manor (home), 117 Aldie Mill, 97, 116, 118, 119, 230 Aldie Post Office, 128 Aldie Presbyterian Church, 185, 187, 188 Aldie School, 202 ALLEN, Howard, 34, 61, 70 ALLEN, L. M. (Dr.), 70 ALLEN, Richard (Rev.), 186 ALLISON, Noville, 203 ALLISON, William (Dr.), 68 Anchorage, The (home), 143 ANDERSON, Ed, 194 ANDERSON, Maud Haley, 194 ANDERSON, Richard, 194, 204 ANDERSON, Russell, 38 ARCHBOLD, John, 76, 269 ARMFIELD, Gloria, 275 ARMFIELD, Howard, 275 Middleburg and Nearby - 2 ARMSTRONG, James J., 154 ARNOLD, Lieut., 240 ARUNDEL, Arthur W., 62, 63, 93 Asbury United Methodist Church (Middleburg), 185, 186, 188, 244 ASBURY, Francis, 185, 186 ASH, Frank, 173 ASHBRIDGE, Thomas L., III, 62 Ashby Inn (Paris), 226 ASHBY, Emma Virginia, 256, 257 ASHBY, H. S., 238 ASHBY, Henry Stribling, 256, 257 ASHBY, John, 179 ASHBY, Mary Washington Delaplane, 256 ASHBY, Norman, House (Paris), 173, 239 ASHBY, Robert, 97 ASHBY, T. J., Builders, 38 ASHBY, Thomson (Capt.), 167, 215 ASHBY, Turner (General), 152, 167, 215, 228, 238 Ashby's Bent (or Gap), 180 Ashby's Gap (or Bent), 109, 114, 165, 179, 180, 181, 238 Ashby's Gap Turnpike, 109, 114, 170 Ashby's Tavern (Paris), 166, 167, 173, 215 ASHTON, Roger, 203 Aspen Hill (home), 147 ATKINSON, Neville Lemmon, 142, 143 ATKINSON, Thomas A., 38 Atoka (Rector's Crossroads), 109, 144-150, 201, 229 Atoka Farm (Woodland), 150 Atoka School, Old, 201 AUBREY, Francis, 208 AUGUSTUS, E. -
Top 100 Billionaires
Top 100 Billionaires Name Net Worth Age Source Country of Citizenship Bill Gates 86 61 Microsoft United States Warren Buffett 75.6 87 Berkshire Hathaway United States Jeff Bezos 72.8 53 Amazon.com United States Amancio Ortega 71.3 81 Zara Spain Mark Zuckerberg 56 33 Facebook United States Carlos Slim Helu 54.5 77 telecom Mexico Larry Ellison 52.2 73 software United States David Koch 48.3 77 diversified United States Charles Koch 48.3 81 diversified United States Michael Bloomberg 47.5 75 Bloomberg LP United States Bernard Arnault 41.5 68 LVMH France Larry Page 40.7 44 Google United States Sergey Brin 39.8 44 Google United States Liliane Bettencourt 39.5 94 L'Oreal France S. Robson Walton 34.1 72 Wal-Mart United States Jim Walton 34 69 Wal-Mart United States Alice Walton 33.8 67 Wal-Mart United States Wang Jianlin 31.3 62 real estate China Li Ka-shing 31.2 89 diversified Hong Kong Sheldon Adelson 30.4 84 casinos United States Steve Ballmer 30 61 Microsoft United States Jorge Paulo Lemann 29.2 78 beer Brazil Jack Ma 28.3 53 e-commerce China David Thomson 27.2 60 media Canada Beate Heister & Karl Albrecht Jr. 27.2 - supermarkets Germany Jacqueline Mars 27 77 candy United States John Mars 27 81 candy United States Phil Knight 26.2 79 Nike United States George Soros 25.2 87 hedge funds United States Maria Franca Fissolo 25.2 82 Nutella, chocolates Italy Ma Huateng 24.9 45 internet media China Lee Shau Kee 24.4 89 real estate Hong Kong Mukesh Ambani 23.2 60 petrochemicals, oil & gas India Masayoshi Son 21.2 60 internet, telecom Japan Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen 21.1 69 Lego Denmark Georg Schaeffler 20.7 52 automotive Germany Joseph Safra 20.5 78 banking Brazil Susanne Klatten 20.4 55 BMW, pharmaceuticals Germany Michael Dell 20.4 52 Dell computers United States Laurene Powell Jobs 20 53 Apple, Disney United States Len Blavatnik 20 60 diversified United States Paul Allen 19.9 64 Microsoft, investments United States Stefan Persson 19.6 69 H&M Sweden Theo Albrecht, Jr. -
31584 Big Brown Bear Mcphail, David 0.4 0.5 41850 Clifford Makes a Friend Bridwell, Norman 0.4 0.5 48225 Gifts for Gus: the Sound of G Ballard, Peg 0.4 0.5 31594 B
31584 Big Brown Bear McPhail, David 0.4 0.5 41850 Clifford Makes a Friend Bridwell, Norman 0.4 0.5 48225 Gifts for Gus: The Sound of G Ballard, Peg 0.4 0.5 31594 B. Bears Ride the Thunderbolt, The Berenstain, Stan 0.6 0.5 48215 Cats: The Sound of Short A Flanagan, Alice K. 0.6 0.5 9018 Foot Book, The Seuss, Dr. 0.6 0.5 48207 Fox: The Sound of X, A Flanagan, Alice K. 0.6 0.5 48224 Fun! The Sound of Short U Ballard/Klingel 0.6 0.5 48233 Little Bit: The Sound of Short I Ballard/Klingel 0.6 0.5 48208 Pet: The Sound of P, A Flanagan, Alice K. 0.6 0.5 9310 Eat Your Peas, Louise! Snow, Pegeen 0.7 0.5 48223 Four Fish: The Sound of F Flanagan, Alice K. 0.7 0.5 134214 Pigeon Wants a Puppy!, The Willems, Mo 0.7 0.5 48244 Sam: The Sound of S Flanagan, Alice K. 0.7 0.5 9367 Happy Birthday, Dear Dragon Hillert, Margaret 0.8 0.5 123748 I Will Surprise My Friend! Willems, Mo 0.8 0.5 9375 It's Halloween, Dear Dragon Hillert, Margaret 0.8 0.5 48232 Left: The Sound of L Flanagan, Alice K. 0.8 0.5 54463 Let's Go to a Fair Foley, Cate 0.8 0.5 48236 On My Boat: The Sound of Long O Noyed/Kingel, B. 0.8 0.5 48239 Play Day: The Sound of Long A Flanagan, Alice K. -
Expanding the Eggshell Colour Gamut: Uroerythrin and Bilirubin from Tinamou (Tinamidae) Eggshells Randy Hamchand1, Daniel Hanley2, Richard O
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Expanding the eggshell colour gamut: uroerythrin and bilirubin from tinamou (Tinamidae) eggshells Randy Hamchand1, Daniel Hanley2, Richard O. Prum3 & Christian Brückner1* To date, only two pigments have been identifed in avian eggshells: rusty-brown protoporphyrin IX and blue-green biliverdin IXα. Most avian eggshell colours can be produced by a mixture of these two tetrapyrrolic pigments. However, tinamou (Tinamidae) eggshells display colours not easily rationalised by combination of these two pigments alone, suggesting the presence of other pigments. Here, through extraction, derivatization, spectroscopy, chromatography, and mass spectrometry, we identify two novel eggshell pigments: yellow–brown tetrapyrrolic bilirubin from the guacamole- green eggshells of Eudromia elegans, and red–orange tripyrrolic uroerythrin from the purplish-brown eggshells of Nothura maculosa. Both pigments are known porphyrin catabolites and are found in the eggshells in conjunction with biliverdin IXα. A colour mixing model using the new pigments and biliverdin reproduces the respective eggshell colours. These discoveries expand our understanding of how eggshell colour diversity is achieved. We suggest that the ability of these pigments to photo- degrade may have an adaptive value for the tinamous. Birds’ eggs are found in an expansive variety of shapes, sizes, and colourings 1. Te diverse array of appearances found across Aves is achieved—in large part—through a combination of structural features, solid or patterned colorations, the use of two diferent dyes, and diferential pigment deposition. Eggshell pigments are embedded within the white calcium carbonate matrix of the egg and within a thin outer proteinaceous layer called the cuticle2–4. Tese pigments are believed to play a key role in crypsis5,6, although other, possibly dynamic 7,8, roles in inter- and intra-species signalling5,9–12 are also possible. -
THE BIG SIX Birding the Paraguayan Dry Chaco —The Big Six Paul Smith and Rob P
>> BIRDING AT THE CUTTING EDGE PARAGUAYAN DRY CHACO—THE BIG SIX Birding the Paraguayan Dry Chaco —The Big Six Paul Smith and Rob P. Clay 40 Neotropical Birding 17 Facing page: Quebracho Crested Tinamou Eudromia formosa, Teniente Enciso National Park, dept. Boquerón, Paraguay, March 2015 (Paul Smith / www.faunaparaguay.com) Above: Spot-winged Falconet Spiziapteryx circumcincta, Capilla del Monte, Cordoba, Argentina, April 2009 (James Lowen / www.jameslowen.com) t the end of the Chaco War in 1935, fought loss of some of the wildest and most extreme, yet under some of the harshest environmental satisfying birding in southern South America. A conditions of any 20th century conflict, The Dry Chaco ecoregion is a harsh a famous unknown Bolivian soldier chose environment of low thorny scrub and forest lying not to lament his nation’s defeat, but instead in an alluvial plain at the foot of the Andes. It is congratulated the Paraguayans on their victory, hot and arid, with a highly-adapted local flora of adding that he hoped they enjoyed the spoils: xerophytic shrubs, bushes and cacti. Few people the spiders, snakes, spines, dust, merciless sun… make it out to this vast wilderness, but those that If that soldier had been a birder, he might have do are guaranteed a special experience. In fact the seen it somewhat differently, and lamented the Chaco did not really open itself up to mainstream Neotropical Birding 17 41 >> BIRDING AT THE CUTTING EDGE PARAGUAYAN DRY CHACO—THE BIG SIX zoological exploration until the 1970s when Ralph adaptations to a diet that frequently includes Wetzel led expeditions to study the mammal life snakes (Brooks 2014). -
Paraguayan Mega! (Paul Smith)
“South America’s Ivorybill”, the Helmeted Woodpecker is a Paraguayan mega! (Paul Smith) PARAGUAY 15 SEPTEMBER – 2 OCTOBER 2017 LEADER: PAUL SMITH With just short of 400 birds and 17 mammals Paraguay once again proved why it is South America’s fastest growing birding destination. The "Forgotten Heart of South America", may still be an “off the beaten track” destination that appeals mainly to adventurous birders, but thanks to some easy walking, stunning natural paradises and friendly, welcoming population, it is increasingly becoming a “must visit” country. And there is no wonder, with a consistent record for getting some of South America’s super megas such as Helmeted Woodpecker, White-winged Nightjar, Russet-winged Spadebill and Saffron-cowled Blackbird, it has much to offer the bird-orientated visitor. Paraguay squeezes four threatened ecosystems into its relatively manageable national territory and this, Birdquest’s fourth trip, visits all of them. As usual the trip gets off to flyer in the humid and dry Chaco; meanders through the rarely-visited Cerrado savannas; indulges in a new bird frenzy in the megadiverse Atlantic Forest; and signs off with a bang in the Mesopotamian flooded grasslands of southern Paraguay. This year’s tour was a little earlier than usual, and we suffered some torrential rainstorms, but with frequent knee-trembling encounters with megas along the way it was one to remember. 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Paraguay www.birdquest-tours.com Crakes would be something of a theme on this trip, and we started off with a belter in the pouring rain, the much sought after Grey-breasted Crake. -
Behavior of Boucard's Tinamou, Crypturellus Boucardi, in the Breeding Season
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1960 Behavior of Boucard's Tinamou, Crypturellus Boucardi, in the Breeding Season. Douglas Allan Lancaster Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Lancaster, Douglas Allan, "Behavior of Boucard's Tinamou, Crypturellus Boucardi, in the Breeding Season." (1960). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 630. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/630 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received Mic 60-5920 LANCASTER, Douglas Allan. BEHAVIOR OF BOUCARD'S TINAMOU, CRYPTURELLUS BQUCARDI, IN THE BREEDING SEASON. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1960 Z oology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan BEHAVIOR OF BOUCARD'S TINAMOU, CRYPTURELLUS BQUCARDI. IN THE BREEDING SEASON A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural aid. Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Zoology fey Douglas Allan Lancaster B.A., Carleton College, 1950 August, I960 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS