Monthly Publication of the European Network for Central Africa ( EURAC ) No. 59 –November 2009 www.eurac-network.org

EDITORIAL Hunger: a threat to peace in Central CONTENTS Africa Summary of events (p. 2-4) - Great Lakes : 14th CEEAC summit;

African journalists at the mercy of he financial crisis which swept through the planet last year taught us the continent’s instability; that, unfortunately, no capital lasts for ever. Capital will evaporate AMISOM – suspension of EU from time to time. Even war weariness cannot be guaranteed to funding and Islamist threats. endure…especially in countries with a demographic pyramid like that in - DRC : Congo army under fire from Central Africa where half the population is under the age of fifteen. It is one critics; Pressure to send Bosco thing to win the peace, another to consolidate it. That is where the problem Ntaganda to the ICC; USA of food supply enters the scene. On 14th October, in Nairobi, The Institute committed to supporting the DRC. for Research into Food Policies (IFPRI) published its survey of famine in the - : Disarmament at half world. Burundi, Rwanda and the DRC showed a very high level of infant cock; Repatriation of refugees from mortality, at 18%, 18.1%, and 16.1% respectively, due for the most part to Tanzania ends. the lack of a stable food supply. The Congo, where 76% of the population is - Rwanda : Violence leading up to underfed, and Burundi, with 63%, form part of the group of countries where 2010 elections; Report on human hunger is at an alarming level. In Rwanda, the centrally controlled rights and democracy. agricultural policy produces statistics which seem reassuring, but which hide the fact that a large section of the population is also suffering from food Advocacy (p.5-6) insecurity. According to Action Aid Rwanda’s report on the food situation in Effects of the Cold War; Attacks in September 2009, 24% of Rwandese, that is about two million people, is N. Kivu; Kimia II - Christian Aid hungry. They were in the main farmers, victims of the whims of the climate and others say Kimia II should stop; and government agricultural policy, but also of town dwellers who have Burundi diaspora helping doubled the prices on the market during the last few months. At the heart of development; Free and transparent the problem is the “Green Revolution” in force since 2007, where the focus ; International is on the culture of a single crop per region. The regulations, destined to aid Conference for the Great Lakes; commercialisation, in effect empty the markets of foodstuffs such as beans, prize for René Ngongo. sweet potatoes and cereals. Main documents received Of course a war where there are no conquerors is a good thing, but if people (p. 7 - 8) do not feel that they have gained anything from the peace it becomes impossible to break the vicious circle which binds conflict and poverty in a Publisher destructive perpetuum mobile. Those who have been demobilised see no Kris Berwouts other option but to remobilise. The situation develops where those who lose Rue des Tanneurs, 165 in the elections are tempted to take up arms because their defeat has cut them 1000 Bruxelles (Belgique) off from any income, and civil servants and soldiers, either not paid at all or Tél. + 32 2/502 33 12 poorly paid, live off the backs of the rest of the population. We see the Fax + 32 2/ 502 21 42 wealth of the country disappearing without trace into the coffers of the State, while no improvement takes place in the living conditions of its inhabitants. Secretariat: They need a dividend from peace, a perspective of a future worthy of the Donatella Rostagno; Marie-Rose Hoornaert, Kris Berwouts, Joseph name, in particular through sufficient food supply. If that cannot be achieved Ntamahungiro. the circle will continue to turn. Mail : [email protected] Kris Berwouts Director N.B.: Texts and information sources selected do not necessarily represent the position of members of the Network. Summary of events October

Great Lakes The Burundian Union of Journalists" (UBJ). Its main objectives are to "protect and strengthen the rights and

14th CEEAC Summit freedoms of professional and comparable journalists in both the public and private media ». The UBJ

intends also «to encourage the media to defend the The 14th Summit meeting of the Economic Community of freedom of the press, social justice and the the States of Central Africa (CEEAC) was held in independence of journalism », especially through Kinshasa on 24 October. 7 heads of state took part out of control of violations of the rights of professional and 10 who were expected. Angola was represented by its comparable journalists. foreign minister and Burundi by the 2nd Vice President.

In his speech-cum-report the outgoing president, Joseph Kabila, emphasised the achievements which, he said, were AMISOM : Suspension of EU in line with the CEEAC’s objectives under five priority funding and Islamist threats headings. He touched on the security situation with against Bujumbura and Kampala satisfaction, noting stronger cooperation between the member states and the establishment of reliable The African Union Peace Mission in Somalia communication links as well as negotiations within the (AMISOM) suffered a hard blow with the framework of international economic agreements. announcement on 2 October 2009 of the suspension of President Kabila also drew attention to the fact that more the financial support by the European Union (EU) efforts were needed in certain areas. Thus under the apparently due to the African Union (AU), which heading of economic integration, the CEEAC is concerned deployed the force to pacify this country, but did not at the very small degree in which the Community take responsibility for it. The EU’s withdrawal has Integration Contribution (CCI) has been put into effect in already left 1,500 AMISOM soldiers without pay for spite of the negotiations in the framework of the three months. The troops from Burundi which are international agreements that have taken place. Among the committed there have already lost several soldiers in recommendations , the members advocated a more rigorous attacks by militant Islamists. Confronted by this management of the budget in order to produce a better situation, the Burundian army has made conditions if it yield from the available resources. The CEEAC is is to stay in Somalia. The Chief of Staff of the committed to take part in the United Nations international Burundian National Defence Force (FDN) has asked summit on the climate to be held in the Danish capital in the international community to revise and increase the December. It will send a delegation which will stand up for mandate for this force within six months so as to the sub-region’s agreed common position that sufficient guarantee the carrying out of the mission of the finance should be provided and for better protection of the Burundian contingent in this country which has been forest in the Congo Basin. The latter, which a majority of devoured by civil war for more than 18 years. the member states of the CEEAC share, is, along with the

Amazon region, one of the lungs of the world. Still on the subject of AMISOM, the Somali Islamists, in a communiqué of 23 October 2009, have threatened African journalists at the mercy of the to launch attacks on the capitals of Uganda (Kampala) continent’s instability and Burundi (Bujumbura), according to them to avenge the death of civilians in Mogadishu who were

killed by African Union bombardments of poor In its 2009 Annual Report, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) states that the year 2009 has confirmed that in some neighbourhoods. The spokesperson of AMISOM in African countries political crises and instability have hit Mogadishu has denied that AU soldiers bombarded the the work of journalists and the media very hard. RSF town and attributed the civilian deaths to armed action considers that states where violence rages find themselves by insurgents. You will remember that Burundi and Uganda are the only countries contributing to at the lowest level in the world classification of freedom of the media. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), AMISOM which has a total of 5,000 men deployed in listed as 146th in the world, journalists live in fear of several key sectors of Mogadishu in support of the attack and arbitrary arrest. Rwanda (157th), due to tighter transitional government of Somalia. Fighting in control of information as the 2010 elections approach, Somalia has caused 19,000 civilian deaths since January 2007 and has displaced 1.5 million people, continues to sink lower with the temporary suspension of creating one of the worst emergency humanitarian local and international media and the sentencing of journalists to prison sentences. It is in this climate that situations in the world. media professionals working in Burundi decided on 4 October 2009 to replace the old Burundian Association of Journalists (ABJ) by a free and independent union of professional and comparable journalists entitled

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(CNDP) who was integrated into the Congolese army DRC as a general, over to the International Court of Justice The Congolese army under fire from (ICJ). President Kabila refused and the Congolese its critics Minister of Information and government spokesman, Lambert Mende, repeated this refusal at the end of On 2 November 2009, the international rights organisation October. This refusal and this reasoning does not Human Rights Watch (HRW) stated that the Congolese convince the international community. So, at the end of armed forces had brutally killed hundreds of civilians in the 2971st session of the Council of the European the east of the country since the start of the military Union devoted to the Great Lakes region, the Council operations, “Umoja wetu” and “Kimia II”. In spite of this asked the Congolese government to «make sure without and being fully informed about this crime, the UN exception that those who violate international law have peacekeeping force, MONUC, continues the operations in to answer for their actions ». The statement makes the course of which these violent acts were committed. special reference to Bosco Ntaganda in these terms : HRW sent 21 enquiry missions into the field in North Kivu «The Council reaffirms that it fully supports the work of and South Kivu between January and October 2009. It has the International Criminal Court in the region and asks noted that soldiers of the Congolese army have the Congolese government to cooperate with the court, deliberately killed at least 198 civilians during “Umoja with reference in particular to the arrest and transfer of wetu”, the joint operation with the Rwanda army in Bosco Ntaganda to the ICC ». For his part Howard January and February, and 505 civilians since March Wolpe, the United States Special Envoy for the Great during “Kimia II”. Anneke Van Woudenberg, researcher at Lakes, stated on 2 November 2009 that « The United HRW, concludes that « it is urgent to envisage other ways States will put pressure on the government to authorise of disarming the FDLR which will not result in new the transfer of Bosco to the International Criminal violence against the population of the east of the Congo ». Court». He went further to say that «It is inexcusable A few days before the HRW declaration, the Cadre that this has not already happened». You may recall permanent de concertation de la femme congolaise - the that Ntaganda has been accused of war crimes and Congolese women’s permanent structure for dialogue crimes against humanity, in particular recruitment of (CAFCO) had submitted to the meetings of two children in 2002-2003 Committees their proposals for amending the proposed law on the status of military personnel in the Congolese armed The United States is committed to forces. These proposals are to ensure that the law takes supporting the DRC into account concerns related to gender and human rights so that the FARDC can make a clear break with its past The American Under Secretary of State responsible for which has been marked by numerous abuses. Aware of the population, refugees and migration, Eric P. Schwartz, fact that several members of the FARDC have committed stated on 14 October 2009 that the USA would support serious human rights violations including rape and sexual the DRC in order to consolidate peace in the east of the violence, CAFCO’s proposals envisage establishing moral country. The United States would support the Congo in criteria and also effective disciplinary measures when the deployment of forces to maintain peace, in the abuses occur. For CAFCO, supported by the International struggle against sexual violence and the protection of Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ), international donors civilians. It encourages the Kinshasa government to must insist that a vetting process should be part of a proper concern itself with the Congolese living outside the long term commitment to the reform of the security sector. country and make them return to the country. In Such a process would involve checking all current FARDC addition, the United States has granted $200 million for personnel and excluding all those who have committed humanitarian assistance for the year 2009. Furthermore, serious crimes. On 6 November, the chief of The UN since 17 October, American marines have been criss- peacekeeping force, Alain Le Roy, stated in any case that crossing the country to all the military regions to train he had «decided that MONUC would immediately suspend Congolese officers and to transform the FARDC into an its logistical and operational support to any units of the army that respects and defends human rights. The FARDC implicated» in the massacre of 62 people in the importance of a constitutional state and of discipline village of Lukweti (100 km north west of Goma) between during military operations is the main theme of the May and September 2009. training offered to the Congolese officers. The training began in the 11th military region of Kinshasa in the Pressure to transfer Bosco Ntaganda to group of écoles supérieures militaires (military the International Criminal Court academies) from 19 to 21 October. This is part of the scheme to reform the FARDC. The same training is Since the beginning of the year, national and international currently taking place in South Kivu, after passing pressure has increased, demanding that the Kinshasa through North Kivu. Up to now more than 800 government, and President Joseph Kabila in particular, FARDC officers have undertaken this training. should hand Bosco Ntaganda, former Chief of the General Staff of the Congrès National pour la Défense du Peuple

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Burundi Rwanda

Disarmament at half cock Violence leading up to the 2010 elections On 1 and 27 October, the National Police announced that it had put its hands on some major arms caches as well as According to Syfia Grand Lacs of 15 October, ten flags, communications and office equipment attributed to months before the presidential vote planned for August the FNL. On 31 October the same police force said it had 2010, the election campaign seems already to have begun seized nearly 14,000 weapons, during one week’s national in Rwanda. The outgoing president is making more and disarmament campaign among the civilian population more visits around the country while «the opposition are between 19 and 28 October. While the government being very discreet about their plans » and “the exiles are authorities were announcing excellent results from their announcing their candidatures and making alliances with campaign which asked all civilians to have handed in their local parties ». Unlike the FPR, opponents inside the weapons not later than 28 October, missionaries in country do not have the right to meet to prepare their Bujumbura contacted by the MISNA news agency gave a campaigns. In this context a meeting of the Rwandan more sober interpretation. According to them the number Green Party was disrupted by people who were not party of weapons collected is even fewer. Moreover, some members. Several people were wounded, some seriously. sources «indicate a presumed distribution of weapons by The Rwanda police intervened and stopped the meeting. secret services to some ex-combatants who had been The party accuses members of the FPR. A meeting of the invited to collaborate – undoubtedly those which had same party was refused permission by the authorities in previously been handed back to the authorities». For its Nyarugenge district at the beginning of October. Parties part, the official body responsible for disarmament states based outside the country have not been spared: a that since 2007 only 70,000 weapons have been collected communiqué from Forces Démocratiques Unies (FDU) - out of the 100,000 to 300,000 weapons in people’s Intwari led by Mme Victoire Ingabire, who will be a possession. Observers also commented that the discovery presidential candidate in 2010, reveals that the wife of the of these caches of weapons are in no way surprising since Secretary General of this party was the victim of a serious the dissident wing of the FNL led by Jacques Kenese and attack in which she suffered from amnesia and a Pasteur Habimana, the former FNL spokesman, have compression of the spinal column which was probably due decided to collaborate with the regime, as proved by their to a fall of at least 3 metres. The victim, who lives in communiqué of 28 October. Belgium, had been found by a military patrol blindfolded with her arms bound behind her back. Her family had Repatriation programme of Burundian already been subject to other attacks. refugees from Tanzania ends Report on the situation regarding According to United Nations communiqué, on 31 October human rights and democracy the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) escorted the last group of 400 Burundian refugees who had On 31 August Professor Yashpal Ghai, former Special fled from their country in 1972. Since March 2008, Representative of the UN Secretary General for human UNHCR has helped 53,500 long term refugees return rights in Cambodia, published an 81 page report on the home. While this return was taking place 162,000 refugees condition of human rights and democracy in Rwanda at from 1972, established at Katumba and two other former the request of the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative refugee camps had requested and been granted Tanzanian (CHRI). According to the report Rwanda enjoys a good nationality. At the same time in in the reputation at the international level and its president, Paul west of Burundi, some of the 300 recently repatriated Kagame, is regularly praised by the World Bank, the

Burundian families have been living for about a month in United States and the U.K. government for his integrity, the open air having failed to locate the site of their original for his efforts for reconciliation and his economic policies. home. They are living under the trees or on the veranda of However, when he visited Rwanda last May, Professor the commune office at , attacked by mosquitoes Ghai found a country where diplomats, journalists, and exposed to all weathers, and their food has run out. professional people, staff of international organisations, When Burundi repatriates its refugees it must face up to local bodies and civil society groups are unwilling to talk the presence of Congolese refugees who have refused to be about what is going on in the country except anonymously. transferred to another camp and some of whom have acted He also reports that the regime is also based on power violently towards members of an NGO which helps them structures, in which the army plays a central role, which and towards other refugees. The Burundian authorities sometimes operate in parallel, often short-circuiting the have similarly sent home some 400 Rwandan Hutu official government. The Kagame regime also bears the refugees who had fled from the Gacaca tribunals and from chief responsibility for the political and economic massacres. This was done in spite of protests and appeals instability in the Great Lakes region, including the by UNHCR, Human Rights Watch and Rwandan overthrow of the government of Laurent Désiré Kabila in association for the defence of refugees. the Congo.

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ADVOCACY ISSUES

The effects of the Cold War on Central The Burundi Diaspora get involved in African Politics the reconstruction of the country

Kris Berwouts, the Director of EurAc, was invited by the In an article published on 10 October the newspaper Le Institute of Development Policy and Management at the Courrier reported the return to their country of University of Antwerp to give an address on the subject Burundians from the diaspora, loaded with diplomas and “The effects of the end of the Cold War on politics in academic distinctions, but “ejected by the European Central Africa: how did a cold war turn into a very hot system” which had trained them. They had then turned war?” It was arranged as part of a series of discussions on to the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) the subject of “North-South, twenty years after the fall of which had put in place a programme called Migration the Berlin Wall.” The aim was to discuss the effects of the for the development of Africa (MIDA) which enables end of the Cold War on different aspects of international them to be of use in their country of origin. The article politics and North-South relations. Kris Berwouts tried to cites the case of agricultural engineers or journalists who show how the changes in international politics have have returned to Burundi where their expertise has been brought about dramatic events in Central Africa, greatly appreciated. These migrants do not only bring profoundly altering the region and the nature of the their knowledge, they also have different attitudes to conflicts, and to draw some conclusions about current their country of origin and its traditions. Some of them developments. To see more go to: have no hesitation in distancing themselves from www.ua.ac.be/debating development traditions which “strangle many families financially”. Clearly, “ The diaspora brings in much more than Why Armed Attacks on particular sites knowledge. It brings in a renewed set of values.” in North Kivu ? For free and transparent elections in On 11 October the Jesuit Father Didier de Failly, Director Burundi of the Bureau of Scientific and Technical Studies, published an analysis entitled “Why these recent attacks In a communiqué released on 22 October 2009 with the on particular sites in North Kivu?” It was his reaction to a title “ Burundi needs free and transparent elections report, “What can one do when faced by a rifle?” and organised by a fully independent National Electoral some statements made earlier by Global Witness. For Fr Commission” EurAc claims that Burundi is on the path Failly the real questions to ask are: “How can the state be to democracy. Even though it is still young, not to say reinforced so that it can command respect for law and embryonic, it is real. EurAc advocates free and order?” and ”How can the capacity of the state be transparent elections for 2010, to be organised by a reinforced in its administration of the immense territory national electoral commission which will be truly and the immense riches which is the DRC?” independent, thus remaining on track for democratisation and the power to address the huge DRC: Christian Aid advocates stopping socio-economic issues of the near future. To achieve this Operation Kimia II EurAc urges that the EU and its member states should assist Burundi in ending the work of the present Shuna Keen, an analyst at Christian Aid on the situation in legislature and organising new free and transparent the Great Lakes, has returned from a visit to North and elections within the constitutional framework and in South Kivu, where the Kimia II operation is taking place accordance with international norms. It also urges that with the logistical support of MONUC. Her findings are particular attention should be paid to the independence shocking. The operation is making the Congolese situation of the National Electoral Commission (CENI). worse and is spreading insecurity and extreme poverty to Furthermore it recommends that the space for the more than two million innocent civilians. Christian Aid democratic participation of civil society and the press advocates the immediate cessation of operation Kimia II should be protected. and the search for a negotiated political solution to solve the problems of the FDLR. The NGO is convinced that peace will never be established in the region through force and violence. The United Nations and its member States should do all they can to accelerate the repatriation of the FDLR and refugees from Rwanda by measures including a non-military engagement and reassurances of their safety.

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Great Lakes: Advocacy for an No to support for Kimia II in the International Conference present situation

On 15 October EurAc published a communiqué entitled: Two of the Dutch-speaking Belgian NGOs, Broederlijk “International Conference on the Great Lakes Region: a Delen and Pax Christi Vlanderen, share the view of the major event with a unique mission and clear added Congo Advocacy Coalition on Operation Kimia II by value”. The network reaffirms its continuing advocating the strengthening of MONUC, since the commitment to the defence of the theory that no lasting DRC is such an enormous country where conflicts occur solution for Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic as a result of very complex dynamics. A simple increase Republic of the Congo (DRC) can be found until it is in numbers would not suffice unless there was also a part of a regional strategy. EurAc has also always reassessment of MONUC’s current strategy. MONUC’s supported the idea of the International Conference on the support for Kimia II, which includes transport and Great Lakes Region (CIRGL) as a viable arena for aviation, as well as food rations, fuel and medical addressing the fundamental questions concerning the attention for the soldiers of the Congolese army, cannot conflicts in and between the countries. For this reason continue if that same army continues with the serious EurAc is reiterating its conviction that the CIRGL violation of the human rights of the local population. “remains the only political arena in the region where The military operation Kimia II has not yet proved a there is a mandate to address the fundamental questions success militarily. There must be a wider strategy relative to lasting peace, security and stability, and against the FDLR setting up multiple lines of approach, where the Pact signed in Nairobi in December 2006 economic, political, military and judicial, all of which provides the instrument to manage the regional would contribute to weakening the rebels. dimension of the conflict”. EurAc asks the European Union and its member states to reinforce the CIRGL in DRC: René Ngongo receives the terms of its role and its visibility, and to contribute alternative Nobel Prize 2009 financially, diplomatically, and with expertise to the immediate application of the “Protocol of non- The Congolese René Ngongo, political consultant to aggression and mutual defence” and the “Protocol on Greenpeace Africa, has just received the Right the illegal exploitation of natural resources”, which are Livelihood Award 2009, commonly known as the the two principal instruments for re-establishing lasting “alternative Nobel Prize”, for his work on protecting the peace in the region. forests and promoting social justice in the DRC. Mr Ngongo founded the Concerted Organisation of The Kimia II operation: the price is Ecologists and Friends of Nature (OCEAN) in 1996 in unacceptable order to give a voice and infrastructure to Congolese civil society in the struggle to prevent the destruction of In a communiqué released on 22 October 2009, the the forests. He has also worked extensively with forest Congo Advocacy Coalition estimated that the military communities to protect their rights concerning the operation Kimia II had involved an unacceptable cost to protection of the forests and environmental conservation. the civilian population. It calls upon the diplomats and The award will be presented on 2 December 2009 in UN representatives who have been assembled in Stockholm, Sweden, three days before the UN’s crucial Washington since mid-October to discuss the situation in negotiations on the climate open in Copenhagen. the eastern Congo and the whole region and take Deforestation is responsible for 20% of annual immediate steps to strengthen protection for civilians. greenhouse gas emissions, which is greater than that of The Coalition notes that since operations against the transport worldwide. FDLR militias began in January 2009 more than1,000 civilians have been killed, 7,000 women and children DRC: Campaign against torture and have been raped and more than 6,000 homes have been other inhuman treatment destroyed by fire in the eastern provinces of North and South Kivu. Nearly 900,000 people have been forced to The World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) has leave their homes and are living in desperate conditions launched an appeal for the denunciation of arrests and with families who will take them in, in forest areas or in illegal detention, and also of allegations of torture and sordid camps for displaced persons with very little other ill-treatment carried out against ten people in access to food and medication. Although a number of Kiwanja. They were arrested separately on 6 October murders were committed by the FDLR, it is true that 2009, by members of the Democratic Republic of the soldiers of the Congolese Government Forces have also Congo armed forces (FARDC) in the province of North systematically targeted civilians by committing murder, Kivu and accused of belonging to the Mai Mai militia. rape, looting, forced labour and arbitrary arrests. Eight people are still being detained and are said not to Mme Immaculée Birhaheka, director of the NGO have appeared before any competent judicial authority, Promotion et Appui aux Initiatives Feminines (PAIF), nor to have access to a lawyer or medical help. OMCT has announced that incidents of sexual violation have asks the DRC authorities to respect the guarantees been even more brutal in the areas covered by Operation ratified by the country concerning the freedom of the Kimia II. She speaks of :”extreme violence and torture individual. in sexual attacks on women and girls, in which a great majority of the victims are children”.

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Documents on the Great Lakes region

October 2009

This list represents a selection of key documents received by EURAC over the last month. The list is by no means complete. The content of the documents binds only their authors and does not reflect the opinion of EurAC or its members. All the documents now have a hyperlink and can thus be downloaded from the electronic version of this bulletin. The links take you to our website or to the website of the organisations which originally published them. If you face problems downloading them or if you would prefer a hard copy, we will be happy to forward any documents to you. Please send any requests to [email protected]

Regional Too much lost, too little gained: DRC: Cooperation perspectives The impact of anti-FDLR Le paradoxe de l’expertise belge sur le operations on the situation of DR Congo to host CEEAC Congo civilians in Eastern DRC and what summit on peace, integration, GRIP, Bruxelles, 29/09/09, 7 p. the EU should do about it. environment Aide Médicale Internationale and Xinhua, Kinshasa, 23/10/09, 2 p. others, Brussels, 22/10/09, 4 p. DRC: Human Rights

Council Conclusions on the Great Civilian Cost of Military La Ville de Bukavu et ses périphéries Operation is unacceptable Lakes Region au cœur de la tourmente : l’insécurité EU, Luxembourg, 27/10/09, 3 p. Congo Advocacy Coalition, continue à faire des victimes Goma, 13/10/09, 7 p. LDGL, Bukavu, 27/10/09, 13 p. Les lois sur la nationalité en L’opération Kimya II est un vrai Afrique : Une étude comparée Note sur la situation des défenseurs des Bronwen Manby, Open Society désastre droits économiques, sociaux et Immaculée Birhaheka, Goma, Institute, New York, 21/10/09, culturels 130 p 14/10/09, 3 p. FIDH et OMCT, Paris, 14/10/09, 5 p.

Discours à l’ouverture du 14ème DRC: Justice Sommet de la CEEAC DRC: Churches Président Joseph Kabila Les Etats-unis trouvent Kinshasa, 24/10/09, 6 p. Déclaration sur la vague d’expulsions «inexcusable » le non transfert de en Angola et en RDC Bosco Ntanganda à la CPI The Effects of the (End of the) ECC, Matadi, 08/10/09, 3 p. Radio Okapi, Kinshasa, 02/11/09, Cold War on Central African 1 p. Politics : How a Cold War turned Une pastorale pour la promotion des into a very Hot One Pygmées DRC: MONUC Kris Berwouts, EurAc, Caritas, Wamba, 05/10/09, 2 p.

Antwerpen, 26/10/09, 9 p. «Il est temps de réfléchir sur la Déclaration sur les enlèvements et violences faites aux écclésiastiques présence de l'Onu en RDC» Concluding message of the Kevin Kennedy, Kinshasa, Second Special Assembly for dans l’archidiocèse de Bukavu CENCO, Rome, 07/10/09, 1 p. 24/10/09, 2 p. Africa of the Synod of Bishops Catholic Information Service for Africa, Nairobi, 26/10/09, 13 p. DRC: Humanitarian DRC: Politics

Situation Pourquoi ces récentes attaques Africa : Journalists prey to violence, political crisis and armées sur des sites particuliers au Dégradation profonde de la situation Kivu ? instability sécuritaire de la Province du Sud Kivu RWB, Paris, 20/10/09, 2 p. Didier de FAILLY, Bukavu, Société civile du Sud Kivu, Bukavu, 11/10/09, 4 p. 13/10/09, 8 p. Africa’s Natural resources in a global context IPIS, Antwerpen, 30/08/09, 88 p.

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Congo Actualité N° 99 Burundi: Teaching Rwanda : Human Réseau Paix pour le Congo San Polo, 20/10/09, 13 p. L’Université du Burundi face au rights processus de Bologne ou La question des FDLR et les l’inévitable réforme de Rwanda’s Application for perspectives de paix au Kivu l’enseignement supérieur Membership of the Commonwealth Pole Institute, 15/10/09, 50 p. Barnabé Ntibashirakandi, Bruxelles, Yashpal Ghai, CHRI, London, 31/08/09, 81 p. 18/10/09, 11 p. DRC: Natural Communiqué de presse des FDU- Resources Burundi: Justice Inkingi sur la situation des Droits de l’Homme au Rwanda Le Syndicat des magistrats bouclent Accompanying note on the Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, Madrid, interactive map of militarized deux jours de grève dans la 21/10/09, 2 p. mining areas in the Kivus psychose d’une instabilité IPIS, Antwerp, 30/08/09, 14 p. administrative Rwanda: Teaching LDGL, Bujumbura, 26/10/09, 2 p. Ressources naturelles et violence. Elementary School Students take Le cas des FDLR Burundi: Politics GRIP, Bruxelles, 31/07/09, 24 p. classes under a tree Jeanne D’Arc Umwana, Voice of Long-term IDPS need land security The Right Livehood Award 2009 America, Kigali, 29/09/09, 1 p. IDMC, Geneva, 20/10/09, 132 p. for René Ngongo The Right Livehood Award Burundi needs free and transparency Rwanda: Genocide Foundation, Stockholm, 13/10/09, elections organized by a truly 3 p. Independent National Electoral What Really Happened in Rwanda ? Commission Christian Davenport and Allan C. Les diamants et la sécurité EurAc, Brussels, 22/10/09, 2 p. Stam, Michigan, 06/10/09, 11 p. humaine. Revue annuelle 2009 PAC, Montréal, 25/09/09, 24 p L’assassinat du Prince Louis INTERPOL risks to become an Rwagasore et ses conséquences instrument of the Rwandan judiciary Tin industry supply chain current Rose Ntwenga, Montpellier, Félicien Kanyamibwa, National proposals insufficient 14/10/09,5 p. Democratic Congress, New York, Global Witness, London, 14/10/09, 25/10/09, 3 p. 2 p. Témoignage sur Melchior Ndadaye Régine Cirondeye, Ottawa, The Truth about Rwandan Genocide DRC: Civil society 21/10/09, 3 p. Thimothy Kalyegira, The Uganda Record, Kampala, 12/10/09, 14 p. Mémorandum sur le projet de loi Burundi: Refugees Rwanda’s bid to forget the Genocide portant statut du personnel militaire des Forces Armées de la RDC ARI/RNA, Kigali, 01/10/09, 3 p. Burundi: Review Rwandan’s Rose Mutombo Kiese, CAFCO, Asylum Claims ème Kinshasa, 13/10/09, 12 p. 14 Rapport du TPIR HRW, Bujumbura, 16/10/09, 3 p. Conseil de Sécurité, New York,

DRC army reform must address 31/07/09, 23 p. Tanzania: End of repatriation for gender, human rights, and civil Burundians from Old Settlements society concerns Rwanda: Politics UNHCR, Geneva, 30/10/09, 2 p. ICTJ, Kinshasa, 30/10/09, 2 p.

L’opposant Bernard Ntaganda

Campagne de sensibilisation pour la candidat à la présidentielle 2010 Le HCR redit son opposition au mise en place de l’Initiative sur la JA, Paris, 26/10/09, 1 p. ‘refoulment des demandeurs d’asile’ Transparence des Industries AFP, Bujumbura, 16/10/09, 1 p. d’Extraction (ITIE) Déclaration du parti FDU-Intwari suite

CENADEP, Kinshasa, 23/10/09, à l’agression contre l’épouse de son 7 p. Burundi: Civil Secrétaire général society Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, Bruxelles, Burundi: Churches 03/11/09, 4 p. Les migrants apportent une pierre à Au Burundi, l’Eglise tente de la reconstruction du Burundi Une opposante rwandaise tabassée à conjurer la guerre Dominique Hartmann, Le Courrier, Bruxelles Laurent D’ERSU, Bujumbura, Paris, 10/10/09, 3 p. Colette Braeckman, Le Soir, 04/10/09, 2 p. Bruxelles, 27/10/09, 2 p.

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