3 RAIL Transport Presentation NUST.Pdf

RAIL TRANSPORT

Presented by F. SARUCHERA

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

The Namibia Railway Network (Source: TransNamib website)

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA 3

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

The Namibian rail network is managed by

TransNamib

 Services offered 1. Passenger train services 2. Freight Cargo Services  ordinary goods train service  bulky goods service  express train service (express web)  rail-road service (multimodal service) – OPX service  regional / international cargo services

 Classes of wagons  general purpose open wagons  covered wagons  tankcar wagons

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA  flat bed wagons (container traffic) TransNamib’s Starliner (Passenger Train)

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

Bulky Goods

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA 9

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA 10

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA Bulky / Mixed Cargo

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

OPX (TransNamib’s rail-road service)

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA TransNamib Express “TNX” - TNX is an efficient service for parcel and containers that offers a fast and reliable service on a daily from major South African cities such as Johannesburg, Durban, Cape Town and Upington to/from Namibia. - The service has 600 collection and delivery points in South Africa which makes it a great way to get your valuable cargos. TransNamib Parcel Express “OPX”

- OPX is reliable and cost-effective parcel express service designed to transport small consignment efficiently to all major towns within Namibia. This service is the ideal cost- saving and all consignments are transported in sealed containers for added security. Road Services

- Road services supplement the rail services by providing onward transport to destinations not served by rail. Source: http://www.transnamib.com.na/tnxopxroad/

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

Destinations

 the national Network System (including safari tours)

- Rail Away Namibia (Tsumeb - Mariental) (Safari trains) video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IJmKSYjEnU

- Also check the worldst most comfortable, long route safari train – the Rovos rail network: Capetown (SA), BOTS, ZIM, ZAMBIA, TANZANIA - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x- iJEDPqwO8&ebc=ANyPxKpTt9cqDxRWXEnajh23FrxXOxVcGOMU1Gxk9- iNxgYRvpeAoZM6VjBOW3ApwpUB7-OfMDHMyq9Lz6WpF0rm91vDBS1eOw

 the neighbouring countries (South Africa)

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA Why rail transport?

System advantages of rail transport (1) ● low risk of damage  the different types of rail cars suit any transport requirements ● good protection of cargo against outside influences  little handling when cargo is transported door to door  high reliability

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

Why rail transport?

System advantages of rail transport (2) ● low risk of damage  the different types of rail cars suit any transport requirements ● good protection of cargo against outside influences  little handling when cargo is transported door to door  high reliability

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

System advantages of rail transport (3)

● scheduled services  if possible right of way for cargo trains (mostly at night)  few weather‐related cancellations (except in winter) ● relatively few transport obstructions ● low transport costs  high capacity, both in volume and weight, leads to relatively low costs per ton and kilometre (the longer the distance, the better)  external cost relatively low compared to competitor (acci‐ dents, use of landscape, air pollution)

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

System advantages of rail transport (4)

● long term investment in equipment ● good for the environment – high energy efficiency  low diesel consumption relative to competing modes of transport  where possible, high share of electrification, thus low carbon footprint, „green transport“

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

Limitations of rail transport ● depending on stations, with station to station transports; no or only few door‐to‐door transports (require rail sidings),pre‐and on‐transportation necessary with at least two additional trans‐ shipment processes (time and costs aspects) ● relatively few (specific) cargo stations mean longer pre‐ and on‐ carriage

● relatively few rail sidings

● low speed on short distances

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

Technical means of rail transport

The railway network (tracks) (1)

● tracks are the inevitable basis of rail transport ● track gauge usually uniformly standardized in the same country; but: sometimes different track gauges on private railways or in‐ ternal railways of industrial plants and mining industry (often “narrow gauge”)

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

The railway network (tracks) (2)

● makes necessary the (time‐consuming) change of wheel‐sets at border stations ● load carrying capacity of tracks differs widely even within the same country ● high capacity main routes – low capacity secondary lines

● NAMIBIA - Total narrow gauge track: 2,382 km 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge; single track

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

The railway network (tracks) (3)

●track classification (“A” ‐ least carrying capacity ‐ to “D” highest capacity, intermediate classes)

●track classification influences maximum weight and payload per wagon

●railway loading gauge and structural wagon clearance (see below)

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

Rail cars (wagons) I ● cargo is differently shaped and requires many different transport opportunities. ● this is reflected in the number of different rail wagons available, e. g. the German “Deutsche Bahn” employs 120 different cargo wagons, not counting the many thousand privately owned cus‐ tomized wagons. ● While rail transport seems to be prosperous and outshining other transport modes in the Europe and beyond, most developing economies have been, on the contrary, shunning from rail – why has this been the trend??

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

Rail cars (wagons) I ● each wagon is equipped with an identification plate that informs about dimensions, own weight, maximum payload, suitable track classification ● since rail tracks are limited to three sides by signal posts, bridges, tunnels, passing trains a. s. o. there is a strict limit as to how high and wide an open wagon can be loaded (this problem does not arise when using closed wagons, they (should) apply to the clear‐ ance dimensions.

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

Rail cars (wagons) II

(Source of pictures: http://www.infovisual.info/05/040_en.html to /05/043_en.html) Flat car: railway car with no sides or Container car: railway flat car that roof. carries containers. Refrigerator car: railway car that Caboose: the last car of a train. keeps goods cold.

Automobile car: railway vehicle used Box car: closed, roofed railway car. to carry automobiles.

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA Rail cars (wagons) III

(Source of pictures: http://www.infovisual.info/05/040_en.html to /05/043_en.html) Gondola car: railway vehicle that is Depressed center flat car: railway unloaded by tipping it on its side. flat car with a low centre section. Hopper car: railway vehicle that is Livestock car: railway vehicle used to unloaded from the bottom. transport animals. Tank car: railway vehicle used to car‐ Bulkhead flat car: railway flat car ry liquids. with a supporting wall at each end.

RAIL TRANSPORT PRESENTATION – Fanny SARUCHERA

Intermodal rail operations  link different transport modes to rail transport. This way, even complex commodity flows can be managed in a cost‐effective and above all environmentally friendly manner.  Services related to intermodal transport include: ● Combined transport with rail in Europe ● Transshipment and terminal handling services ● Pre‐carriage and on‐carriage of intermodal rail transports ● Equipment provision ● Loading unit services ● Depot services

International organizations in rail transport

1. OTIF – Intergovernmental Organisation for International Car‐nriage by Rail (1985)

Objective: to develop the uniform systems of law which apply to the carriage of passengers and freight in international through traffic by rail

2. CIT – International Rail Transport Committee The International Rail Transport Committee (CIT) is an association of some 200 railway undertakings and shipping companies which pro‐ vide international passenger and/or freight services.

3. UIC – International Union of Railways ● 197 members (on ) 5 continents (82 active, 80 associate, 35 affili‐ ate members) ● members may be integrated railway companies, infrastructure managers, railway or combined transport operators, rolling stock and traction leasing companies service providers (restaurant ser‐ vices, sleeping cars, public transport, maritime transport) ● UIC mission is to promote rail transport at world level and meet the challenges of mobility and sustainable development.

Contracts of Carriage in rail transport

● Contracts of Carriage in rail transport basically show the same structure as in any transport business relationship:

(1) shipper – carrier ‐ consignee

(2) shipper – forwarder – carrier ‐ consignee

(3) shipper – forwarder – combined transport operator – (actual) carrier – (CTO) – consignee (see CT chapter)

Rail consignment notes

Main contents:  date and city of issue  name and address of shipper  name and address of carrier  place and day of acceptance for transport and place for delivery of consignment  name + address of consignee (and notify address, if applicable)  common description of consignment, kind of packaging,  if dangerous goods, description according to applicable dangerous regulations

Details of consignment notes (cont’d)

 no. of pieces, marks/signs/numbers of items  gross weight (or other applicable denomination of amount)  freight costs agreed upon, as well as other costs, and applicable freight terms  if customers order exist: COD amount  instructions for customs or any other official institution regarding handling of consignment  agreement, if or if not transport on open loading floor is allowed  shipper and carrier are free to agree upon other useful transport details

Functions of rail consignment note

● document accompanying sonsignment

● proof of conclusion of contract and contents

● document preventing subsequent shipper‘s right of disposal (if shipper disposes of duplicate consignment note, for example, by handing it over to a bank, he has no right to order any more)

Freight costs and charges (1)

● Agreement of freight costs and charges  With regard to the above mentioned conditions of carriage carrier and shipper agree to the freight costs.  Readily available tariffs with price tables may apply, based on a distance and weight matrix, but mostly freight costs will be negotiated (at certain times bargained).  Nowadays the price section in tariffs is often very short. Basi‐ cally it consists of a simple remark: “Please call to inquire.”

Freight costs and charges (2)  Prices are negotiable and subject to  frequency (daily, weekly, monthly …)  type of transport unit (single wagon, complete trainload)  kind of cargo (high value, low value, general cargo, bulk car‐ go)  distance and destination  train speed (so called “night jumps” on long distance connec‐ tions)  long term or short term contracts  so that prices are rather individually set than commonly pub‐ lished.

Freight costs and charges (3)

● Payment of freight costs and charges  Freight terms may range from “ex works” to “free buyer’s ad‐ dress”  either based on nationally agreed terms or internationally ac‐ cepted “Incoterms”

Combined transport by rail (road‐rail transport)

Variants of Combined Rail Transport

There are basically two different types of combíned rail‐road traffic:

 unaccompanied transports – just the load unit (swap‐bodies, con‐ tainers, cranable trailers) with no driver present

 unaccompanied transports – load unit with tractor unit and driver; driver spend travel time in separate passenger rail car

Specific rail wagons for combined transport

pocket wagons for cranable (semi‐)trailers (www.komviverkehr.de)

container wagons for containers and swap bodies (http://www.intermodal‐ cosmos.eu/content/e4/e144/e145/e54/swap_body_hi_eng.jpg)

● lower bed / depressed center flat cars for complete trucks (ac‐ companied transports) also: piggyback, TOFC – trailer on flat car (as opposed to COFC – container on flat car)

http://homepage2.nifty.com/ideomh/ferroutage2.jpg 42

Advantages for combined road‐rail transports

● higher total load (e. g. in Germany: 44 tons instead of 40 tons)

● no taxes for trucks

● exclusion from certain prohibitions (e. g. Sunday prohibition dur‐ ing holidays)

● reduction in fixed and variable costs of truck

● road toll limited to pre‐ and on‐carriage

● more flexible truck operations

● better planning of working hours for drivers

Loading techniques in combined transport terminal I

gantry crane reach stacker cranable swap body cranable trailer (all pics: www.kombiverkehr.de)

Loading techniques in combined transport terminal II

Left: Mafi equipment, Kombiverkehr, Köln-Eifeltor terminal Right: Unloading from lorry to rail, Kombiverkehr, Hamburg-Billwerder terminal

Loading techniques in combined transport terminal III

Left: View over the terminal, Kombiverkehr, Hamburg‐Billwerder teminal Right: A yard manager carries out checks, Kombiverkehr, Hamburg‐Billwerder terminal (all pics: www.kombiverkehr.de)

Questions??

[email protected]

Thank you!