ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14

GOVERNMENT OF MINISTRY OF DRINKING WATER & SANITATION www.mdws.gov.in

CONTENTS S. No. Chapter Page No. 1.0 ABOUT THE MINISTRY 1-11

2.0 RURAL DRINKING WATER PROGRAMME 14 2.1 National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) 15 2.1.1 New initiatives in the 12th Five Year Plan 16 2.1.2 Components of the NRDWP 17 2.1.3 Criteria of fund allocation 18 2.1.4 Financial Perfornance under NRDWP 18 2.1.5 Physical Performance under NRDWP 20 2.1.6 Strategic Plan- 2012-22 : Rural Drinking Water Programme 21 2.1.7 Planning for 2012-13: Annual Action Plan (AAPs) 22 2.1.8 Planning for Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan (SCSP); 22 Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) Left Wing Extremist (LWE) and Minority Concentrated Districts (MCDs) 2.1.9 Solar dual pumps in Integrated Action Plan (IAP) districts 24 2.1.10 Progress of NRDWP in North Eastern Status 24

2.2 WATER QUALITY PROGRAMME (W.Q.) 25 2.2.1 Setting up of International Centre for 25 Drinking Water Quality (ICDWQ) 2.2.2 Scheme of safe drinking water supply through 26 community water purification plants 2.2.3 Technologies for treatment of water quality contaminants 26 2.2.4 Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance 27 2.2.5 Water Quality Testing Laboratories 28 2.2.6 National Programme on Prevention and Control of JE/AES 30 2.2.7 Hydro-geo-morphological maps (HGM) 31 2.2.8 Visit of Central Team in water-quality affected areas 32

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 iii 2.3 INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (IMIS) 34 2.4 SUPPORT ACTIVITIES 36 2.4.1 Research and Development Projects 36 2.4.2 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) 36 2.4.3 Key Resource Centres KRCs) 37 2.4.4 International Training Programmes 38 2.4.5 Rajiv Gandhi National Professors Chair on WATSAN Studies 38 2.4.6 Important Conferences/Exhibitions and Visits 38

3.0 Rural Sanitation Programme (RSP) 42 3.1 Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) 47 3.2 Provision under Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) 47 3.3 Sanitation Coverage 50 3.4 Physical progress 50 3.5 Financial progress 52 3.6 Activities of importance undertaken during 2013-14 53 3.7 Publications 56 3.8 Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP) 56 3.9 Activities of NBA in North Eastern States 58 3.10 Scheduled Caste Sub-Plan (SCSP) and Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) 60 3.11 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) 61 3.12 Convergence of NBA with other schemes 63 3.13 Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Under NBA. 68 3.14 Human Resource Development (HRD) 70 3.15 Research and Development (R&D) 72 3.16 Representing India in the International Fora 76

4.0 Administration 81 4.1 Organisation 83 4.2 O&M activities 83 4.3 Vigilance and Grievance Redressal Machinery 83

iv ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 4.4 Activities relating to Official Language Hindi 83 4.5 Public Procurement Policy 84

Organisation Chart 85

ANNEXURES 87 NRDWP (Annexure -I to III) 89-92 NBA (Annexure -IV to X) 93-99 Representation of SCs/STs OBCs (Annexure - XI) 100 Representation of Disabled Persons (Annexure - XII) 101 Citizens / Clients’ Charter (Annexure - XIII) 103-114 Results Framework Document (RFD) (Annexure - XIV) 115-144

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 v ACRONYMS

AAP Annual Action Plan

APL Above Poverty Line

ARWSP Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme.

ADB. Asian Development Bank.

ASHA Accredited Social Health Activist

AES Acute Encephalitis Syndrome

BP Block Panchayat

BPL Below Poverty Line

BRC Block Resource Centre

CCDU Communication and Capacity Development Unit

CGWB Central Ground Water Board

CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research

CRSP Central Rural Sanitation Programme

CBO Community Based Organization

C PGRAMS Centralized Public Grievances Redressal and Monitoring System

DDP Desert Development Programme

DDWS Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation

DPAP Drought Prone Areas Programme

DRDA District Rural Development Agency

DWSM District Water and Sanitation Mission

ECBI External Capacity Building Initiatives.

EPC Engineering, Procurement &Construction .

FTK Field Test Kits

GP Gram Panchayat

GSDA Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency

vi ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 HADP Hill Areas Development Programme

HGM Hydro-geo-morphological Maps

HRD Human Resource Development

HH Hearing Handicapped.

IAP Integrated Action Plan

IRC International Resource Centre

ICDWQ International Centre for Drinking Water Quality.

IITF India International Trade Fair

IEC Information, Education & Communication

IHHL Individual Household Latrine

IMIS Integrated Management Information System

IWMP Integrated Watershed Management Programme

JE Japanese Encephalitis

KRC Key Resource Centre lpcd litres per capita per day .

LWE Left Wing Extremism

LSK Lump-sum Turn Key

M & E Monitoring and Evaluation

MGNREGS Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment Generation Scheme

MPR Monthly Progress Report

MNRE. Ministry of New & Renewable Energy.

MDG Millennium Development Goal

MCD Minority Concentrated Districts

MVS Multi Village Scheme

NEERI National Environment Engineering Research Institute

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NGP Nirmal Gram Puraskar

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 vii NIC National Informatics Centre

NRDWP National Rural Drinking Water Programme

NRDWQM & SP National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme.

NRSC National Remote Sensing Centre

NWP National Water Policy

NES North Eastern States.

O & M Operation & Maintenance

OLIC Official Language Implementation Committee

OH Orthopedically Handicapped

PHED Public Health Engineering Department

PRI Panchayati Raj Institution

R & D Research & Development

R & DAC Research & Development Advisory Committee

RGNDWM Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission

SCSP Scheduled Caste Sub-Plan

SWSM State Water & Sanitation Mission

TNA Training Needs Assessment

TSC Total Sanitation Campaign

TSP Tribal Sub Plan

VH Visually Handicapped

WQM & S Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance

WATSAN Water & Sanitation

WSP Water & Sanitation Programme

WSSO Water and Sanitation Support Organisation

ZP Zila Panchayat /Parishad.

viii ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 ABOUT THE MINISTRY

1 ABOUT THE MINISTRY

HISTORY The ’s first major intervention in the rural drinking water sector, started in 1972-73, through the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWS). A Technology Mission on Drinking Water was started in 1986, which in 1991-92, was renamed the Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission. Upgrading the Mission, the Department of Drinking water Supply (DDWS) was created in the Ministry of Rural Development in 1999, which was subsequently renamed as the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation in 2010. Keeping in view the significance of rural water supply and sanitation, the Government of India created and notified the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation as a separate Ministry on 13th July, 2011.

Vision Safe and adequate drinking water for all, at all times in rural India and to transform rural India into “Nirmal Bharat” by adopting community saturation approach.

Goal To provide every rural person with adequate safe water for drinking, cooking and other domestic basic needs on a sustainable basis. This basic requirement should meet water quality standards and be readily and conveniently accessible at all times and in all situations. Similary, the goal under Nirman Bharat Abhiyan is to achieve safe sanitation for 50% rural households by 2017 and to all rural households by 2022.

Objectives a) Enable all households to have access to and use safe & adequate drinking water and within a reasonable distance. ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 3 b) Enable communities to monitor and keep surveillance on their drinking water sources. c) Ensure potability, reliability, sustainability, convenience, equality and consumers preference with regard to drinking water supply. These are to be the guiding principles while planning for a community based water supply system. d) Provide drinking water facility, especially piped water supply, to Gram Panchayats that have achieved open-defecation-free status on priority basis. e) Ensure all government schools and to have access to safe drinking water. f) Provide support and environment for panchayat raj institutions and local communities to manage their own drinking water sources and systems in their villages. g) Provide access to information through an online reporting mechanism with information placed in public domain to bring transparency and informed decision making. h) Cover SC/ST, Physically handicapped, small and marginal farmers and women headed households with sanitation facilities in each habitation. i) Follow Conjoint approach of Sanitation and water supply which would progressively lead to Nirmal Blocks, Nirmal Districts and eventually Nirmal States and ensure running water availability to all Government School toilets. j) Develop child friendly toilets in Anganwadis. k) Massive training campaign to ensure use and Operation & Maintenance of toilets. l) Take up Solid and Liquid waste management in Nirmal Grams.

Strategic Plan The Strategic Plans for drinking water supply and sanitation in rural areas have the following timeline:

By Year 2017 (a) Drinking Water Facilities To ensure that • at least 50% of rural households are provided with piped water supply; • at least 35% of rural households have piped water supply with a household connection; less than 20% use public taps and less than 45% use hand pumps or other safe and adequate private water sources. • all services meet set standards in terms of quality and number of hours of supply every day.

(b) Rural Sanitation facilities To ensure that 50% of the Gram Panchayats attain the Status of Nirmal Gram (i.e. ODF status).

By Year 2022 (a) Drinking water Facilities To ensure that • at least 90% of rural households are provided with piped water supply;

4 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 • at least 80% of r ural households have piped water supply with a household connection; less than 10% use public taps and less than 10% use hand pumps or other safe and adequate private water sources.

(a) Rural sanitation facilities Provide 100% access to sanitation for all rural households.

Paradigm Shifts in Rural Drinking Water Sector Programme & Policies at a Glance Drinking Water Supply Year Event 1949 The Environment Hygiene Committee (1949) (Bhor Committee) recommends the provision of safe water supply to cover 90 per cent of India’s population in a timeframe of 40 years. 1950 The Constitution of India specifies water as a state subject. 1969 National Rural Drinking Water Supply program launched with technical support from UNICEF and Rs.254.90 crore is spent during this phase, with 1.2 million bore wells being dug and 17,000 piped water supply schemes being provided.

1972- Introduction of the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) by the Government of 73 India to assist States and Union Territories to accelerate the pace of coverage of drinking water supply.

1981 India as a party to the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-1990) declaration sets up a national level Apex Committee to define policies to achieve the goal of providing safe water to all villages. 1986 The National Drinking Water Mission (NDWM) launched to accelerate the process of coverage of the country with drinking water. 1987 First National Water Policy drafted by Ministry of Water Resources giving first priority for drinking water supply. 1991 The National Drinking Water Mission (NDWM) renamed as Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM). 1994 The 73rd Constitution Amendment makes proviWsion for assigning the responsibility of providing drinking water to the Panchayat Raj Institutions. 1999 Formation of separate Department of Drinking Water Supply in the Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India. For ensuring sustainability of the systems, steps are initiated to institutionalize community participation in the implementation of rural drinking water supply schemes through sector reform. Sector Reform ushers in a paradigm shift from the ‘Government-oriented supply-driven approach’ to the ‘People-oriented demand driven approach’. The role of the government reoriented from that of service provider to facilitator. Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) as a part of reform principles initiated in 1999 to ensure sanitation facilities in rural areas with the specific goal of eradicating the practice of open defecation. TSC gives strong emphasis on Information, Education and Communication, Capacity Building and Hygiene Education for effective behavioral change with involvement of PRIs, CBOs, and NGOs

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 5 2002 Scaling up of sector reform initiated in the form of Swajaldhara programme. The National Water Policy revised; priority given to serving villages that did not have adequate sources of safe water and to improve the level of service for villages classified as only partially covered. India commits to the Millennium Development Goals to halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015, from 1990 levels. 2005 The Government of India launches the Bharat Nirman Program, with emphasis on providing drinking water within a period of five years to 55,069 uncovered habitations, habitations affected by poor water quality and slipped back habitations based on 2003 survey. Revised sub Mission launched as component of ARWSP for focused funding of quality affected habitations.

2007 Pattern of funding under Swajaldhara changed: 50:50 Centre-State shares. 2009 National Rural Drinking Water Programme launched from 1/4/2009 by modifying the earlier Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme and subsuming earlier sub Missions, Miscellaneous Schemes and mainstreaming Swajaldhara principles. 2010 Department of Drinking Water Supply renamed as Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation 2011 Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation upgraded as separate Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation 2012 Twelfth five year plan focusing on piped water supply with 55 lpcd, earmarking of 5% funds for coverage of quality affected as well as 60 JE/AES affected districts, 2013 Launching of special programme to address the rural water supply and sanitation issues of four low income States with collaboration of World Bank.

Current Status The Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation is the nodal Ministry for the overall policy, planning, funding and coordination of the flagship programmes of the Government for rural drinking water viz. the National Rural Drinking Water Programme and for Sanitation, the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan in the country. There are three programme divisions namely Water, Water Quality and Sanitation to carry out the functions of the Ministry. For the Eleventh Five Year Plan, it had been decided that the major issues which need tackling during this period are problems of sustainability, water availability and supply, poor water quality, centralized versus decentralized approaches and financing of O&M, cost on equitable basis with full consideration to ensure equality in regard to gender, socially and economically weaker sections of the society, school children, socially vulnerable groups such as pregnant and lactating mothers, specially disabled and senior citizens etc. For the Twelfth Plan period the Working Group on Domestic Water and Sanitation has recommended amongst others the following initiatives (i) the need to increase drinking water supply service levels in rural areas from 40 lpcd (litres per capita per day) to 55 lpcd; (ii) focus on piped water supply and (iii) conjoint approach on drinking water supply and sanitation.

6 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Funding in rural water supply The allocation of funds by the Central and State Governments for Rural Drinking Water Supply since the First Five Year plan is shown in the following table and graph .

Coverage of Habitations in Terms of Drinking Water Supply The current status of provision of drinking water in rural areas as measured by the percentage of rural habitations where the population is fully covered with adequate (40 lpcd) and safe drinking water, as per information entered by States on the online Integrated Monitoring Information System (IMIS) of the Ministry, is about 69% of total rural habitations. The rest are either partially covered or have drinking water sources contaminated with chemical contamination.

Partially Covered Habitations, Arsenic, 1917 Fully Covered 448439 Habitations, Fluoride, 15565 1161018 Iron, 43662 Salinity, 18589

Nitrate, 3061

\As on 01.04.2013, the status of coverage of habitations was:

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 7 (No. of habitations)

Date Total Rural Fully Partially Quality Affected Habitations covered Covered Arsenic Fluoride Iron Salinity Nitrate Total As on 16,92,251 11,61,018 4,48,439 1,917 15,565 43,662 18,589 3,061 82,794 1.4.2013

As per the IMIS, as on 31.12.2013, about 42.78% of the rural population has access to piped water supply.

Data of Census 2011 a) Type of sources The status of provision as reported by the Census 2011 shows that about 85% of rural households obtain their drinking water from improved sources, namely, hand pumps, tap water and covered wells.

STATUS OF PROVISION AS PER THE CENSUS 2011

Unimproved Sources 4%

Tap water 31% Hand Pump/Tube well 52% Well water 13%

b) State-wise percentage of households having access to tap water. There are large inter-State variations in the coverage of households with piped water supply. As per the above chart, the percentage of piped water supply varies from 2.6% in to 95.20% in Chandigarh. There are 6 States, viz. Bihar, , , , and that have less than 10% coverage of households with piped water supply. Special efforts are being initiated during the 12th Five Year plan to raise their coverage with piped water supply.

8 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 as per 2011 census

NSSO 69th Round Reports (July 2012 – December 2012) - NSS KI (69/1.2) • 88.5% of the households have access to improved source of drinking water. • 85.8% of the households have access to sufficient drinking water throughout the year.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 9 • 46.1% of rural households have drinking water within the premises, 40.9% have to travel up to 200 metres to fetch drinking water and around 9.3% have to travel 200 to 500 metres to reach principal source of drinking water. • 87.7% of rural households are getting good quality of drinking water. • 86.0% of the households are getting sufficient water throughout the year for all household activities.

Physical performance in 12th Five Year Plan As against the target of 4,34,664 rural habitations for coverage during the 12th Five Year Plan, the coverage achieved is 2,84,055. However, due to slippage of fully covered habitations to partially covered habitations in the year 2012-13, the target of habitations to be covered has increased as well as new habitations have been marked on the online IMIS by the States. Some States have exceeded their targets, whereas , Punjab and have reported low achievement (less than 50%) against targets. State wise details are at Annexure-I & II.

(Number of habitations)

Year Target Achievements

Partially Quality Total Partially Quality Total Covered/ Affected Covered/ Affected Slipped back Slipped back

Balance as on 3,30,504 1,04,160 4,34,664 - - 01.04.2012

2012-13 1,15,139 26,521 1,41,660 1,36,304 19,402 1,55,706

2013-14 1,16,493 25,345 1,41,838 1,14,423 1,3926 1,28,349

Total Covered 2,31,632 51,866 2,83,498 2,50,727 33,328 2,84,055*

* As on 31.03.2014

10 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Financial performance in 12th Five Year Plan Against the planned outlay of Rs 68,786 crore for Rural Drinking Water Supply in the 12th Five Year Plan, utilization during 2012-13 and 2013-14 is as under: (in Rs. Crore)

Year B E R E Expenditure of %age of RE all Components

2012-13 10,500 10,500 10,489.05 99.90

2013-14 11,000 9,700 9,697.27 99.97

Total 21,500 20,200 20,186.32 * As on 31.03.2014

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 11

RURAL DRINKING WATER PROGRAMME

2 RURAL DRINKING WATER PROGRAMME

‘Rural drinking water supply’ is a State subject and is also included in the Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution amongst the subjects that may be entrusted to Panchayats by the States. Thus the participation of the Panchayat Raj Institutions in the rural drinking water supply sector is an important area of focus. Government of India’s major intervention in water sector started in 1972-73 through the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) for assisting States/UTs to accelerate the coverage of drinking water supply in ‘problem villages’. A Technology Mission with stress on water quality, appropriate technology intervention, human resource development support and other related activities was introduced in 1986 which was subsequently renamed as the Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM) in 1991. In 1999-2000, Sector Reform Projects was started to involve the community in planning, implementation and management of drinking water schemes which was in 2002 scaled up as the Swajaldhara Programme. The programme was revised from 01.04.2009 and named the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP).

2.1 NATIONAL RURAL DRINKING WATER PROGRAMME (NRDWP) The National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme aimed at providing adequate and safe drinking water to the rural population of the country. The NRDWP is a component of Bharat Nirman which focuses on the creation of rural infrastructure. This has resulted in the provision of significant additional resources to the sector and for creating an environment for the development of infrastructure and capacities for the successful operation of drinking water supply schemes in rural areas.

Bharat Nirman Bharat Nirman was launched by the Government of India in 2005 as a programme to build rural infrastructure. While Phase-I of the programme was implemented in the period 2005-06 to 2008-09, the Phase-II was implemented from 2009-10 to 2011-12. Rural drinking water is one of the six components of Bharat Nirman. Funds provided under the NRDWP are counted towards the Bharat Nirman also and no additional funds are provided under Bharat Nirman. At the beginning of the Bharat Nirman Phase-I period, 55,067 uncovered habitations and about 3.31 lakh slipped back habitations were to be covered with provision of drinking water facilities and 2.17 lakh quality affected habitations were to be addressed for water quality problem. While prioritizing the coverage of the water quality problem, arsenic and fluoride affected habitations have been accorded priority followed by iron, salinity, nitrate and other contaminants. To ensure that habitations once provided with drinking water supply infrastructure do not slip back and face drinking water problem, sustainability of drinking water sources and systems has been accorded high priority. To achieve drinking water security at village/ habitation level, conjunctive use of water i.e. judicious use of rainwater, surface water and ground water has been promoted.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 15 Physical Progress in Bharat Nirman (Phase-I and II) Bharat Nirman (Phase-I) (2005-06 to 2008-09)

Target (Rural Habitations) Achievement (Rural Habitations) Uncovere Partially Quality Total Uncovered Partially Quality Total Covered / Affected Covered / Affected Slipped Back Slipped Back 55,067 3,31,000 2,17,000 6,03,067 54,440 3,58,362 50,168 4,62,970

Bharat Nirman (Phase-II) (2009-10 to 2011-12)

Balance (Rural habitations) Achievement (Rural habitations) up to 31/03/2012

Uncovered Quality Affected Total Uncovered Quality Affected Total

627 1,79,999 1,80,626 627 81,357 81,984 i) Uncovered Habitations: Against 55,067 uncovered habitations to be covered during the Bharat Nirman period, 54,440 habitations were covered during Phase-I. During Bharat Nirman Phase-II, 627 habitations have been reported as covered up to 31.03.2011. Thus all uncovered habitations that existed in the beginning of 2005 are now covered. ii) Slipped Back/Partially Covered Habitations: In Phase I (2005-06 to 2008-09), 3.58 lakh slipped back habitations were reported as covered by the States. iii) Quality-Affected Habitations: As reported by the States, 2,17,000 quality affected habitations were addressed by sanctioned projects and out of these 50,168 habitations have been fully covered with completed projects to provide safe water supply during Phase-I. As on 1.4.2009, at the beginning of Bharat Nirman phase-II, States reported that 1,79,999 quality affected habitations were remaining to be covered. Of these, during Bharat Nirman (phase-II), 81,357 habitations have been reported as covered. Thus, in all during Bharat Nirman (Phases-I and II), 1,31,525 quality affected habitations have been fully covered with completed schemes. In the 12th Five year plan period beginning from 2012-13 onwards, as on 31.03.2014, 33328 quality affected habitations have been covered.

2.1.1 New Initiatives in the 12th Five Year Plan • A project for the installation of Solar powered dual pump based piped water supply schemes in 10,000 habitations of 82 Integrated Action Plan (IAP) districts with funding from NRDWP and the National Clean Energy Fund is under implementation.

16 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 • In order to raise coverage of piped water supply, toilet coverage and strengthening of institutions and systems in rural drinking water and rural sanitation sectors, the Ministry has proposed a Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project for Low Income States of Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand and at an estimated cost of more than Rs. 5400 crore for World Bank assistance of 50% of the project cost. • A Pilot project on taking up Drinking Water Security Planning through Integrated Water Resource Management and source sustainability measures on a participative basis has been taken up in 15 over-exploited Blocks of the country. • Focus on piped water supply rather than on hand pumps, so as to decrease the pressure on ground water extraction and also ensure potability of water; • Enhancement of service levels for rural water supply from the norm of 40 lpcd to 55 lpcd for designing of systems; • Greater thrust on coverage of water quality affected habitations with earmarked funding for chemical contamination and Japanese Encephalitis / Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (JE / AES) affected areas; • Moving towards the target that, by 2017, at least 50 per cent of rural population in the country have access to 55 lpcd within their household premises or within 100 metres radius, with at least 30 per cent having individual household connections, as against 13 per cent today; • Incentivize substantive devolution of functions, funds and functionaries to the Gram Panchayats with respect to rural water supply schemes, through a Management Devolution Index (MDI) with clear and specific indicators on the basis of which distribution amongst States of 10% of National allocation would be decided; • All new drinking water supply schemes to be designed, estimated and implemented to take into account life cycle costs and not just per capita costs; • Waste water treatment and recycling to be an integral part of every water supply plan or project; bringing the concept of Renovation and Modernization (R & M) into the planning process; • Participative planning and implementation of integrated water resource management practices through water budgeting and both supply side and demand side planning; • Earmarking of funds for coverage of SC and ST population concentrated habitations; • Incentive to ASHA workers for encouraging households to take household connections;

2.1.2 Components of the NRDWP a) The allocation criteria, funding and distribution of allocation under different components at the Central level is as under :

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 17 Components NRDWP Central Allocation Centre-State sharing pattern

NE States and J&K 10 % 90:10

Other States 73 % 50:50

DDP Area States 10 % 100 % Central share

Water Quality (Earmarked) 5 % 50:50*, 90 :10**

Natural Calamities 2 % 100 % Central share

Total 100 %

* - All Other States / UTs ** - North East States and Jammu & Kashmir,

b) Component, Purpose, Distribution and Centre-State Sharing pattern of the NRDWP at the State level.

Component Purpose Distribution of Center-State Sharing State NRDWP pattern allocation Coverage For providing safe and adequate drinking 47% 90:10 water supply to un served, partially served - (for NE States and and slipped back habitations J&K) Quality To provide safe drinking water to water quality 20% affected habitations. Operation and For expenditure on running, repair and 15% (Maximum) 50:50 (for other Maintenance (O replacement costs of drinking water supply States / UT) & M) projects. Sustainability To encourage States to achieve drinking water 10% (Maximum) 100 % Central share security at the local level through sustainability of sources and systems. Support Support activities like awareness generation, 5 % 100 % Central share training etc. Water Quality For monitoring and surveillance of water 3% 100 % Central share Monitoring and quality in habitations Surveillance Total 100 %

18 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 2.1.3 Criteria for Fund Allocation While allocating the NRDWP funds for coverage, quality, sustainability, O&M, support and WQM&S component to the States the criteria followed is:

Criteria Weightage (in %) i) Rural population as per census 40 ii) Rural SC and ST population as per census 10 iii) States under DDP, DPAP, HADP and special category hill States in 40 terms of rural areas iv) Rural population managing rural drinking water supply schemes 10 weighted by a Management Devolution Index Total The DDP component of 10% of the NRDWP budget is allocated to States with DDP areas on the same criteria. The Natural Calamities component is allocated on the basis of recommendations of Central teams that visit the States in the wake of natural calamities. The 5% Earmarked Water Quality component is allocated to the States on the basis of distribution of quality affected habitations (with 75% weightage) and high priority districts affected with cases of JE / AES (25%).

2.1.4 Financial Performance under NRDWP The financial allocations and expenditure under NRDWP have been increased substantially since the launch of Bharat Nirman in 2005-06.

F

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 19 Financial performance at the national level is in terms of the releases made under the programme. The budget estimates, revised estimates and releases under the 11thand 12thFive Year Plan are as under:

NRDWP

Year Budget Estimates Revised Estimates Expenditure Expenditure in Percentage of RE

2005-06 4,050 4,060 4098.00 100.93 2006-07 5,200 4,560 4560.00 100.00 2007-08 6,500 6,400 6442.76 100.00 2008-09 7,300 7,300 7298.79 99.98 2009-10 8,000 8,000 7989.72 99.87 2010-11 9,000 9,000 8986.74 99.85 2011-12 9,350 8,500 8493.15 99.91 2012-13 10,500 10,500 10,489.05 99.90 2013-14 11,000 9,700 9,697.27 99.97

During 2012-3, an amount of Rs. 10,500 crore was allocated under NRDWP, out of which Rs. 10,489 crore was released to States and utilized at the national level. State-wise allocation and release is given at Annexure-III-A. Similarly during 2013-14, a revised allocation of Rs. 9,700 crore was allocated out of which Rs. 9,697.27 crore was utilized. State-wise allocation and release is given at Annexure-III-B. To provide support to the States in the focus areas of Support Activities and in Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance, an amount of Rs. 482.50 cr. has been allocated under the Support Fund of which Rs. 272.57 crore has been released, while under WQM&S Rs. 289.50 cr. has been allocated and Rs. 127.15 crore released and under Water Quality earmarked funds, Rs. 482.50 crore has been allocated and Rs. 109.65 crore has been released till 31.03.2014.

2.1.5 Physical Performance under NRDWP Target Coverage Partially Quality Partially Quality Total Total covered Affected covered Affected

2012-13 75,000 25,000 1,00,000 1,36,304 19,402 1,55,706

2013-14 1,22,259 21,771 1,44,030 1,14,404 13,925 1,28,329

* Achievement as on 31.03.2014

For the year 2012-13, against the target of coverage of 75,000 partially covered and 25,000 quality affected habitations, the achievement was coverage of 1,36,304 partially covered and 19,402 quality affected habitations. The State-wise details are at Annexure-II.

20 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 2.1.6 Strategic Plan 2011-2022: Rural Drinking Water Supply The Strategic Plan 2011-2022 has the following goals: By 2017: • Ensure that ◊ at least 55% of rural households are provided with piped water supply; ◊ at least 35% of rural households have piped water supply with a household connection; less than 20% use public taps and less than 45% use hand pumps or other safe and adequate private water sources. ◊ All services meet set standards in terms of quality and number of hours of supply every day. ◊ all households, schools and anganwadis in rural India have access to and use adequate quantity of safe drinking water. • Provide enabling support and environment for Pancwhayat Raj Institutions and local communities to manage at least 60% of rural drinking water sources and systems.

By 2022: • Ensure that ◊ at least 90% of rural households are provided with piped water supply; ◊ at least 80% of rural households have piped water supply with a household connection; less than 10% use public taps and less than 10% use hand pumps or other safe and adequate private water sources. • Provide enabling support and environment for all Panchayat Raj Institutions and local communities to manage 100% of rural drinking water sources and systems.

The Ministry’s goal is to assist the States in meeting the rising expectations of the rural people for better service delivery standards in rural drinking water supply as shown in the Water Ladder below.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 21 2.1.7 Annual Action Plans (AAPs): Planning for 2014-15 From the year 2010-11, the State-wise discussions on the Annual Action Plan (AAP) with each State were carried out. In this process, States prepared their AAPs, detailing the activities in the rural drinking water sector that they proposed to take up during the year, and the financial costs that these proposals would entail. Detailed discussions on the State AAPs for 2013-14 were held in the months of March and April 2013 between representatives of the Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation, Government of India and the State government officials. From the year 2012-13 onwards, the Online formats for Annual Action Plan got full flourished and was widely accepted by the States/UTs. This has resulted in decentralized outlook to the Annual Plans from the States. Subsequent to the discussions, modifications were suggested in the AAPs and action points identified. States were released funds under NRDWP, after their AAP was finally prepared and the target habitations marked on the online IMIS. It was on the basis of this AAP that the States carried out the activities under NRDWP during the year. The entire procedure of preparing, discussing and implementation of the AAPs for the NRDWP, provided a framework for proper targeting and monitoring of the funds being provided by the Government of India. The AAP along with online reporting of works carried out by the States in the Integrated Management Information System of the Ministry, has significantly strengthened the effectiveness of the NRDWP in achieving the goal of providing safe drinking water for all the rural areas of the country.

2.1.8 Planning for Scheduled Caste Sub-Plan (SCSP), Tribal Sub Plan (TSP), Left Wing Extremist (LWE) Affected and Minority Concentrated Districts (MCDs) Provision for SCs and STs The NRDWP has special provisions to ensure coverage of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population with potable water supply. In the criteria for fund allocation to States under the NRDWP, the rural SC and ST population of the State has a weightage of 10%. Thus States with higher SC and ST population get a higher allocation of NRDWP funds. To ensure that adequate funds are utilized by the States in SC and ST concentrated areas, for the year 2013-14, Rs. 2134 crore (22% of total allocation of Rs. 9700 crore) is earmarked for expenditure for SCs and Rs. 970 crore (10% of total allocation of Rs. 9700 crore) is earmarked for expenditure for STs. Out of this, as on 12.02.2014, Rs. 2523.44 crore have been released to States for coverage of SC and ST populations. The progress in the coverage of SC and ST concentrated habitations is being monitored through the Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) of the Ministry. Improvements have been made for this in the Ministry’s website and in the online monitoring system for capturing of achievement data in this respect.

22 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 As on 1.4.2013, out of the total 2, 84,898 SC concentrated habitations in the country, 2, 01,572 habitations are Fully Covered, 72,352 are Partially Covered and 10,974 are Quality affected. In 2013-14, 22,053 SC concentrated habitations were targeted for coverage and as on 31.03.2014, 16,925 habitations were covered with potable drinking water supply.

Out of the total 3, 66,485 ST concentrated habitations, 12,227 are Fully Covered, 1, 04,709 are Partially Covered and 16,197 are quality affected. In 2013-14, 29709 ST concentrated habitations were targeted for coverage and as on 31.03.2014, 30,627 habitations have been covered.

Provision for Minorities While there is no earmarking of NRDWP funds for expenditure in minority concentrated districts, attention is given to coverage of such habitations in the planning process. Out of the total 2, 28,129 habitations in the Minority Concentrated Districts (MCDs) identified by the Ministry of Minority Affairs, as on 1.4.2013, a total of 146525 habitations are Fully Covered, 71,131 are Partially Covered and 10,473 are Quality affected. In 2013-14, 20180 habitations have been targeted for coverage and 7,911 habitations covered with potable drinking water supply till 12.02.2014.

Progress of NRDWP in LWE Affected Districts There are 82 districts which are now categorized as LWE affected districts and identifi ed for the Integrated Action Plan (IAP). Funds are provided under the IAP to the District Administration of these districts for taking up developmental schemes including water supply projects. In addition, under the NRDWP, State Governments have in their Annual Action Plans prioritised taking up rural water supply projects in these districts. As on 01.04.2013, out of the 16.92 lakh rural habitations in the country, there are 3, 40,718 habitations in IAP districts. Out of these, 2, 15,839 habitations are fully covered (63.34%). 1, 13,125habitations (33.20%) are partiallycovered. Further 11,754habitations (3.44%)are quality affected. In 2013-14, under the NRDWP, Rs. 760.46 crores have been released by State governments to IAP districts, targeting 29,175 habitations for coverage. As on 31.03.2014, 31,340 habitations have been covered

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 23 2.1.9 Solar dual Pumps in Integrated Action Plan (IAP) Districts The Ministry decided in convergence with the National Clean Energy Fund of Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) to install 10,000 solar dual pumps in 82 Integrated Action Plan (IAP) districts of the country. The cost of the total unit is about Rs 5.2 lakh. The fund sharing pattern between MDWS, MNRE and States is 40:30:30. Under the Solar Powered dual pump scheme, a 900 Watt Solar energy based submersible pump is installed in the bore well which is also fitted with a hand pump. The pumped water is stored in a 5000 litre tank which is then used to provide piped water supply to each house through taps. This scheme suffices requirement of drinking water needs of 250 persons. Hand pump is kept as a standby in the same bore well to ensure availability of uninterrupted water supply to the population in case of any problems with the solar powered pump. In the year 2013-14, States were given a target of 2500 habitations against which 729 has been covered as on 28/02/2014.

Solar Dual Pump Installed in

2.1.10 Progress of NRDWP in North Eastern States Under the NRDWP, focus is placed on the development of infrastructure in the North Eastern States by providing 10% of national budget allocation to these States. In 2013-14, an amount of Rs. 970 crore has been provided for rural drinking water supply in the North Eastern States.

24 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Physical Status

State Status of Coverage Target 2013-14 Achievement as on 31.03.2014

Total rural Fully Partially Quality Partially Quality Partially Quality Habitation Covered Covered Affected covered affected covered affected Habitation Habitation Habitation Habitation Habitation Habitation Habitation Arunachal 5612 690 4808 114 285 19 129 4 Pradesh Assam 87888 38372 36637 12879 4050 3125 3666 1766 2870 1627 1243 0 250 0 172 0 9326 1821 7415 90 691 64 413 38 Mizoram 777 472 305 0 46 0 26 0 1500 392 1035 73 34 51 120 29 Sikkim 2084 502 1582 0 200 0 68 0 8132 2458 671 5003 270 845 436 684 Total 118189 46334 53696 18159 5826 4104 5030 2521

2.2 WATER QUALITY PROGRAMME (WQP)

2.2.1 Setting up of International Centre for Drinking Water Quality (ICDWQ) The Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, is setting up an State of the art Research & Development centre “International Centre for Drinking Water Quality” (ICDWQ) at Joka, Diamond Harbour Road, , the proposal has been approved by Government of India and ICDWQ has been registered as a Society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. The ICDWQ would be fully funded and administered under the overall guidance of the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India. The basic aim of the Society is to work in the area of identification, mitigation and management of drinking water quality related problems in India and abroad with a focus on arsenic, fluoride and other emerging contaminants to provide inputs for policy level decision making under the National Rural Drinking Water Programme and in the rural drinking water sector in general. The Centre will focus mainly on research and development activities, assessment of various treatment technologies, training, networking with all related organizations, promoting doctoral and post-doctoral studies on drinking water quality issues etc. It will cater to both- rural as well as urban areas in India. The Centre will also assist other countries on demand. The ICDWQ campus will have modern facilities following GRIHA green building norms for its Administrative building, full-fledged R&D centre, library, auditorium, training centre and other ancillary buildings along with guest house, staff quarters, etc. The total covered area is envisaged to be in the range of approximately 17,000 sqm, which will be constructed at a tentative estimated cost of approx. Rs. 66 crores, including all essential external services & land development etc.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 25 Decision has been taken and a Project Management Consultant has been selected for planning, designing, estimating, commissioning the ICDWQ units right from concept to commissioning.

2.2.2 Scheme of Safe Drinking Water Supply through Community Water Purification Plants in Fluoride, Arsenic, Uranium and other Heavy/Toxic Metals and Pesticide/ Fertilizer Affected Rural Habitations in the Country The National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) funds for supplying “safe” water in contaminated areas are being utilized by the States as a policy mostly for alternate safe Piped Water Supply (PWS) schemes including Multi-village schemes (MVS) (i. e., from far away safe sources) the gestation period of such MVS projects is about 4-5 years. Since the rural people cannot be put to risk due to consumption of unsafe drinking water in the interim period as also whereas all such Multi-Village Schemes carrying safe water from far away sources cannot be planned and completed in the span of 4-5 years due to huge funds involved, hence, the Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation has submitted an EFC proposal to provide community water purification plants in fluoride, arsenic, uranium and other heavy/toxic metals and pesticide/fertilizer affected rural habitations in the country for providing safe drinking water immediately with an anticipated expenditure of total capital cost of Rs 3,600 crore with fund sharing pattern of 75:25 (90:10 in case of NE, J&K) between Centre and State in approx 20,000 habitations during the period 2014-15 to 2016-17. The proposal has been appraised by EFC (Economic Finance Committee), approved by Hon’ble MOS(IC), MDWS and the Finance Minister. The proposal is currently pending for consideration by the CCEA. The proposal would be implemented for tackling of water quality affected habitations in a time-bound manner through provision of safe drinking water @ 8-10 lpcd (meant for drinking and cooking purposes only) through installation of community drinking water purification plants, with provision for a 7 year Operation & Maintenance (O & M) built into the project cost through a two year performance guarantee (bank guarantee), followed by 5-year AMC through the contractor setting up the plant, thereafter after 7 years, O&M will become the responsibility of Panchayat/State Government. This extended O&M period of 7 years by the contractor will give ample time for Panchayats to gather experience and undertake O&M later on themselves.

2.2.3 Technologies for Treatment of Water Quality Contaminants States use a number of technology options to provide potable drinking water in the quality affected habitations. In order to assist the States in selecting appropriate contaminant removal technology, a “Handbook on Drinking Water Treatment Technologies” was released in November, 2011 and was made available to all States. This was further revised by adding comparative statement of technologies and treatment technologies for emerging contaminants like uranium and the Revised Edition released in February, 2013.

26 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 2.2.4 Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance In order to develop the understanding and appreciation of safe and clean drinking water amongst rural communities and to enable them to carry out tests to determine the quality of drinking water, the National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme (NRDWQM&SP) was launched in February, 2006. The programme aimed at empowering rural communities by: i) Bringing awareness through Information, Education & Communication (IEC) activities to address ownership of the systems, health hazards due to poor drinking water quality, hygiene, sanitary survey, importance of environmental sanitation, etc. ii) Training 5 grass root workers in each Gram Panchayat, which may be ASHA worker, worker, science teacher, high school girl child, panchayat member, retired army officials, etc. iii) In addition to 5 Gram Panchayat workers, 2 persons at the State level, 4 persons at the District and 5 persons at the Block level are also to be trained. iv) Provision of water testing kit for each Gram Panchayat.

Awareness Generation for School Children on Drinking Water Quality in

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 27 For all these purposes, 100% financial assistance has been provided to the States. Since inception of the programme till 30.3.2014, 3.838 lakh chemical kits, 1121.13 lakh bacteriological vials have been purchased / supplied, 98.11 lakh water samples were tested in laboratories by using these kits and 23.35 lakh persons ( including Grassroot workers in GPs, block & district officials) have been trained in different States to carry out the water quality tests as per on-line data reported by the States on IMIS. This helps in keeping surveillance on the quality aspects of drinking water sources. With effect from 1.4.2009, NRDWQM&SP has been subsumed in the NRDWP. From 2011-12 a separate component of Water Quality Monitoring Surveillance has been created for which 3% of NRDWP funds are allocated. During 2013-14, the following achievements have been made (till 30/03/2014):- Village Women Using Field Test Kits to Test Drinking Water Quality in Jharkhand

No. of FTKs chemical distributed = 72,053 No. of bacteriological vials distributed/ processed = 1.57 crore No. of grass root workers trained = 4.27 lakh No. of sanitary surveys conducted = 79,139 No. of sources tested using FTKs = 14.74 lakh

2.2.5 Water Quality Testing Laboratories The Ministry also supports in setting up and strengthening district level and sub-divisional laboratories in the States. As on 30/03/2014, 720 district laboratories have been established by the States/ UTs using funds from the Centre, from their own resources and from other sources. In addition, 1413 sub- divisional / block level laboratories have also been set up in various States. States have carried out testing of 26.74 lakh water samples during 2013-14.

28 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Sophisticated instrumentation in State Water Quality Testing Laboratory ()

Gas Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometer

Guidelines received from BARC, on testing of radio-nuclides, alpha and beta emitters have been sent to all States. The uniform protocol suggests for sophisticated instrumentation for the State labs while instrumentation required for the regular analysis at district/ sub-divisional labs are also of high quality but the pace of water quality testing could be improved.

Ultra-Violet (Visible) Spectrophotometer in District/ Sub-Divisional Laboratories (A P)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 29 Instrumentation Facilities for Bacteriological Testing of Drinking Water, Punjab: View of Laminar Air Flow Chamber and Autoclave.

2.2.6 National Programme on Prevention and Control of JE / AES The National programme on prevention and control of Japanese Encephalitis / Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (JE / AES) has been started by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. The Health Ministry has identified 60 high priority JE / AES districts and has proposed an integrated approach in partnership with Ministries of Drinking Water & Sanitation, Social Justice, Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation and Women and Child Development.

The major thrust areas under the drinking water component of the programme include: 1) Provision of safe drinking water and proper sanitation facilities 2) Strengthening measures / mechanism for water quality monitoring 3) Replacement of public shallow hand pumps with IM-II hand pumps 4) Proper disinfection facilities 5) Rising hand pump platforms in water logged / high water table areas 6) Mini-water supply scheme with stand posts for provision of safe drinking water.

States can incur expenditure on th.is from the 3% provision made by Government of India under WQM&SP.

The Ministry has taken up the issue of JE/AES in States very seriously and has reviewed the progress on prevention and control of Japanese Encephalitis / Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (JE / AES) regularly during NRDWP Review meeting and on online IMIS.

30 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 As reported by the States, under Central share funds, about 1700 rural habitations have been covered under this programme during the year 2013-14 as on 28/4/2014.

2.2.7 Hydro-Geo-Morphological Maps The Ministry has prioritized the preparation of hydro-geo-morphological maps to assist the States through National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad. With the use of these maps, States can identify sites for groundwater sources for water supply systems and locations for constructing recharge structures to improve sustainability of existing water supply sources. Groundwater prospect maps in terms of Hydro-Geo-Morphological (HGM) maps have been completed for the entire country except few islands and UTs. These have been handed over to States to help them in identifying correct sites for production wells and sustainability structures for artificial groundwater recharge. Use of these maps, along with geo-physical studies, are likely to cut down the failure of bore wells/ tube wells drastically and also help in in-situ dilution of certain chemical contaminants. Rest of the HGM prospect maps will be completed and handed over to States/ UTs by June 2014. Updating of HGM maps that were provided long back, will also be updated during 2014-15, using latest satellite data and sent to States. States have been advised to generate water quality data on a random but uniform basis in each district during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and send the same along with their GPS coordinates and depth of tubewell so that ground water quality GIS layer could be inserted into the HGM maps.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 31 Use of HGM Maps for Siting Correct Location for Check Dam in Chhattisgarh

2.2.8 Visit of Central Team in Water-Quality Affected Areas i) As per the decision taken in the meeting of the Parliamentary Standing Committee for Demands For Grants (2013-14) held on April 02, 2013, the Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation deputed a Central Team to review and inspect the status of Sea Water Reverse Osmosis Plants installed in Andaman & Nicobar islands. The team was headed by Shri D. Rajasekhar, Dy. Advisor-WQ, Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation. The team visited various areas in Andaman & Nicobar islands in April’ 2013 and reviewed the functioning and performance of RO plants and its report was submitted by the Ministry to the Lok Sabha Secretariat. A View of the Fully Functional RO Plant set up by PWD at Tugapur, A & N Islands

32 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 ii) Shri Pankaj Jain, Secretary, DWS along with Shri Satyabrata Sahu, JS(W) and Shri D. Rajasekhar, DA(WQ) of the Ministry visited the Phailin affected areas in Ganjam and Puri districts in Odisha in February 2014. iii) Shri Satyabrata Sahu, Joint Secretary (Water), Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation along with Shri D. Rajasekhar, Dy. Advisor (WQ) and Dr. Brajesh Shrivastava, Consultant (WQ & Sustainability) visited Chhattisgarh State. JS visited Rakhee village (District-Dhamtari), Usarawara village (District-Durg) Onakana village (District- Balod), Kotni Village (District-Raipur) and Lohardih village (District-Mahasamund) in Chhattisgarh State during 29th - 30th August 2013 and interacted with the rural people to review the Status of NRDWP. A review meeting of State PHED officials was also undertaken in the evening of 29th August 2013 which was attended by Engineer-in-Chief, Chief Engineer, Superintending Engineers, Executive Engineers and staff of WSSO apart from Secretary-PHE, Govt. of Chhattisgarh, to review the implementation of NRDWP in Chhattisgarh State.

Electrolytic Defluoridation Plant at Usarwara Village in Durg District (Chhattisgarh)

Solar Energy Based Dual Pump at Onakona Village in Balod District (Chhattisgarh)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 33 iv) Shri Satyabrata Sahu, JS and Shri D. Rajasekhar, Deputy Advisor (WQ), MDWS also visited fluoride affected Nuapada district in Odisha State on 30th Aug 2013 and gave suggestions for improvements to the local RWSS engineers.

2.3 INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (IMIS) The Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) of the Ministry, developed and managed with the help of the National Informatics Center (NIC) has in the past 5 years become a repository of all data with respect to implementation of rural drinking water supply schemes, water quality data from villages as well as of laboratory testing. The data is entered by the States online at the district and state levels. Facility has been provided to the states to enter data at division levels also, from this year. States enter their Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) regarding physical and financial progress with respect to the implementation of rural water supply schemes, for each month by the 15th of the subsequent month. No paper reports are received from the states. Data regarding water supply for over 16.64 lakh rural habitations across the country is available on the IMIS which is freely accessible from the Ministry’s website. The process of monitoring the targeted habitation online has been systematized from 2009-10 onwards through IMIS. The existing monitoring system can assess the impact of these programmes on the coverage status of habitations. The Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) is accessible in the online monitoring page of the Ministry website (http://www.ddws.gov.in).

The Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) is a comprehensive web based information system, which enables the States and the Centre, to monitor the progress of coverage of habitations and rural schools and anganwadis, through a common monitoring format. In addition to this, progress of schemes for water supply and sustainability can also be monitored. The IMIS enables one to view the extent of coverage with safe drinking water. This system also gives the list of quality-affected habitations

34 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 and the list of partially covered habitations. The list of Government and Local Body aided schools and anganwadis in all villages of the country is captured along with facility (drinking water & sanitation) available. Data on coverage of habitations with potable water and the link ofsuch data with the census village code has been achieved for bringing in increased accuracy in the monitoring of the programme. All States are providing progress data on the online IMIS system. Using the IMIS system, the Ministry monitors the progress of all States in the implementation of the NRDWP. Feedback and advice is given to the States on the basis of data submitted by them on the IMIS. The IMIS is developing into a robust database, providing information of the status of rural drinking water situation covering every habitation in the country, and has become a crucial tool for planning.

IMIS has won the SKOCH SMART Governance Award as one of india’s best 100 projects of 2013.

IMIS also won the award of recognition from various organisations during 2013-14

From CSINihilent e-Governance award 2012-13.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 35 IMIS among "India's best Projects in 2013" at the SKOTCH SMART Governance Awards on 2nd September 2013, at Le Meridien, New

2.4 SUPPORT ACTIVITIES 2.4.1 Research and Development Projects In order to promote research and development in the area of water quality, this Ministry funds R&D projects in premier R & D institutions, Universities, Colleges, autonomous organizations including NGOs/ voluntary agencies. So far 149 R & D projects have been sanctioned, out of which127 have been completed. The Ministry has brought out two compendia on the completed projects and it has also been widely disseminated to States/ PHEDs for their use. To consider R&D proposals and provide guidance, the Ministry has constituted a Research & Development Advisory Committee (R&DAC). During the year 2013-14, consideration of new R & D Projects is in process.

2.4.2 Information, Education and Communica- tion (IEC) Based on issues and challenges faced in the implementation of the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP), the Ministry released advertisements in the All India Radio. Further awareness campaign on different aspects of safe drinking water in rural areas through broadcast of audio spots on All India Radio on Vividh Bharati, primary/ local

36 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 channels, national news, regional news bulletin has also been undertaken. Telecast of advertisements in Doordarshan, both national and regional networks, towards the same goal has been undertaken during this year.

It has also formulated IEC guidelines to help the States to take IEC activities for different stakeholders at different levels. As part of IEC campaign, the Ministry during last year participated in India International Trade Fair along with many State Governments / NGOs and other private organizations dealing with water and exhibited their products for providing safe drinking water.

2.4.3 Key Resource Centres (KRCs) Ministry has identified institutions/ organizations having domain knowledge and expertise in water and selected them as National Key Resource Centres (NKRCs). National Key Resources Centres (NKRC) are key institutions engaged in capacity building, reorientation of different stakeholders, in dissemination of knowledge and information, documentation of best practices etc. to achieve the sectoral goal of drinking water security in rural areas. KRCs provide technical guidance to State Water & Sanitation Mission (SWSM), Communication & Capacity Development Unit

(CCDU), Public Health Engineering Departments (PHEDs), Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and community organizations on issues and challenges of NRDW Programme. Key Resource Centres are identified by Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation based on the track record of national standing, experience, previous work and involvement of the concerned institutions/ organizations in rural drinking water sector.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 37 In total, there are 56 Key Resource Centres recognized by Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanit tion. Out of these, 38 KRCs work for drinking water and 8 for sanitation exclusively for capacity building and 10 work for both drinking water and sanitation. The details of activities undertaken by KRCs during 2013-14 are given below. Training Programmes : 40 National/ Regional Workshops : 3

2.4.4 International Training Programmes The Ministry and UNICEF have jointly funded two international training programmes on External Capacity Building Initiatives on Water and Sanitation in IRC, Netherlands. In these two weeks programmes held from 25th June to 06th July, 2012 and 19th November to 30th November, 2012 a total of 37 officers from the Ministry and State Departments in-charge of rural water supply and sanitation participated.

2.4.5 Rajiv Gandhi National Professors Chair on WATSAN Studies The Ministry has set up Rajiv Gandhi National Professor Chair on WATSAN Studies in 2012-13 in four Universities / Institutions. The details of the Universities / Institutions and the area of specialization given to them are given below.

S. No. Name of the Institute Area of Specialization

1 Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Rural Sanitation and Waste Management

2 Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai Governance and Service Delivery issues in Rural Domestic Water and Sanitation

3 Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Rural Drinking Water Quality Technology options

4 Department of hydrology, Indian Sustainability of sources Institute of Technology, Roorkee.

2.4.6 Important Conferences/Exhibitions and Visits Water-Tech 2013

The Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation, Government of India, supported a National level Exhibition cum Conference on Drinking Water &Industrial Waste Water Treatment & Manage- ment, organized by Messe Frankfurt Trade Fair from 26th to 28th September 2013 in Mahatma Mandir, Gandhi Nagar ().The Exhibition commenced on 26th September 2013 and ran along with a Conference which was held from 27th -28th September 2013. The event was inaugu- rated by Shri Bharatsinh Solanki, Hon’ble Minister of Drinking Water & Sanitation.

38 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14

Shri Bharatsinh Solanki, Minister of State (I/C), Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation inaugurating Water tech 2013 accompanied by Shri Pankaj Jain, Secretary-MDWS

Participation in IITF, New Delhi Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation participated in the India International Trade Fair (IITF) during 14-27 November 2013. Shri Pankaj Jain, Secretary-MDWS inaugurated the exhibition of the Ministry at IITF.

Representatives of States, research institutions, NGOs, international companies dealing with water treatment showcased their achievements in the area of drinking water and sanitation through high

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 39 quality posters, models, equipments and instruments. This was the first participation of the Ministry in IITF after creation of a separate Ministry. The event was orgnaised in an exhibition area of 246 sqm in Hall No. 18 in the IITF, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi.

Shri Pankaj Jain, Secretary (MDWS), Inaugurating Exhibition at IITF, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi

Deputation of Senior Officers as members of Inter-Ministerial Central Teams Constituted by the Ministry of Home Affairs / Ministry of Agriculture for Assessment of Impact of Natural Calamities The Ministry had deputed Senior Officers as members to various Central teams for assessment of impact of natural disasters like drought, flood, earthquake, landslides, etc. The States of Andhra Pradesh, , Bihar, Gujarat, , Jammu & Kashmir, , Kerala, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha etc. were visited by the officers of the Ministry and the Central teams have submitted their recommendations on emergency drinking water supply measures to the Inter Ministerial Group.

Review Meetings During 2013-14 • Ministry organised National Level Sectoral discussions under the Chairmanship of Shri Pankaj Jain, Secretary (DWS) with States on 11th April, 2013. State Secretaries/ Principal Secretary’s in charge of RWS attended the meeting where Secretary (DWS) highlighted to focus on providing quality water in quality affected and partially covered habitations. National Level Annual Sectoral Discussions held with States/UTs Governments on 11th April, 2013 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.

40 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 • Periodic reviews were taken up by Joint Secretary (Water) with States to set up dual solar pump based water supply projects in the naxal affected States under the Integrated Action Plan by organising video-conference with 9 States during June and September, 2013. Except the State of Chhattisgarh, the remaining States have made very low progress and they were asked to improve their performance.

Field Visit & Review by Shri Satyabrata Sahu, Jt Secretary (Water) in the Village Usarwara of District Balod (Chhattisgarh) on Solar Dual Pump based Water Supply

• Training Need Assessment (TNA) workshop was organised at Hotel Leela Palace, New Delhi on 19th November, 2013 with States. State Secretaries/ Principal Secretaries in charge of RWS & Sanitation to review the progress under IEC activities, training modules of KRCs and framework document on drinking water advocacy prepared by UNICEF.

Release of Drinking Water Advocacy and Communication Strategy Framework (DWACS, 2013-2022) during WASH-TNA Workshop jointly organised by MDWS and UNICEF.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 41 • A review meeting was held under the Chairmanship of Secretary (DWS) with States on 20th November, 2013. State Secretaries/ Principal Secretaries incharge of RWS to review the progress under NRDWP. In the meeting Secretary gave emphasis on providing safe water in water quality affected habitations. He also stressed on the need for setting up water quality testing laboratories in the States. He requested the States to provide minimum 40 lpcd of water in all PC habitations by the end of 2013-14.

Senior Officials of the Ministry taking review meeting on NRDWP with States/ UTs Governments on 20th November, 2013 at Hotel Leela, New Delhi

• Regional Review meeting with Eastern Zone States under the Chairmanship of Secretary, DWS was held on 27th January, 2014 at Bhubaneswar. Focus was given on coverage of habitations with piped water supply which is very low in the Eastern States of the country. Secretary also impressed upon the States for adequate water quality testing in laboratories.

Regional Review Meeting with Eastern Region States held on 27th January, 2014 at Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

42 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 • On 29th January, 2014 Regional Workshop was held to discuss CSR guidelines prepared by the Ministry with officials of the Eastern States of the country where Joint Director (Stat) along with Joint Secretary (Water) was present. Leading PSUs of the areas also attended.

Joint Secretary (Water) address during regional workshop on Best Practices cum Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) held on 29th January, 2014 at Bhubaneswar

• A workshop was organised by Principal Investigators/ scientists of State Remote Sensing Centres on preparation of HGM maps for Ground Water Quality data availability, issues, mapping status and completion report of ground water prospects maps, at Hyderabad on 30.1.2014.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 43 Visit of Senior Officers to Foreign Countries • Shri Pankaj Jain, Secretary, MDWS had visited Sweden, Spain, Israel, Bhutan, Nepal and Indonesia to study water and sanitation related activities being taken up and special focus being provided on drinking water quality. • Shri Satyabrata Sahu, JS(W) visited Indonesia leading an officials delegation in September, 2013 to see the water supply & sanitation projects. • The study tour to Brazil was organised by World Bank and it was represented by the Senior officials from Sectoral line Ministry of GoI (i.e. MoDWS), the Planning Commission and Senior officials from each of the four participating states of Low Income States(LIS) RWSS Projects.

44 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 RURAL SANITATION PROGRAMME (RSP)

3 RURAL SANITATION PROGRAMME (RSP)

Safe sanitation is an essential requirement for the well being of every society. Though India has come a long way in improving its sanitation coverage status, it is still well short of desired levels. The Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) launched in 2012, by modifying the erstwhile Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), is a community-led and people-oriented programme aimed at universalizing safe sanitation.

3.1 Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) In 2012, a paradigm shift was made in the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), by launching the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA), in the XII Five Year Plan. The objective of NBA is to achieve sustainable behavioral change with provision of sanitary facilities in entire communities in a phased, saturation mode with “Nirmal Grams’ as outcomes. The Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) lays strong emphasis on Information, Education and Communication (IEC), capacity building and hygiene education for effective behavioural change covering the entire community for saturated outcomes with a view to create Nirmal Gram Panchayats with the involvement of PRIs, Community Based Organizations (CBOs), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), etc. The new strategy is to transform rural India into ‘Nirmal Bharat’ by adopting community saturation approach. The goal under NBA is to achieve safe sanitation for 50% rural households by 2017 and to all rural households by 2022.

3.2 Provision under Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) • Under the NBA, the provision of incentive for Individual Household Latrine units is available to all BPL households. • Incentives are also available to APL households belonging to the following categories i) SCs, ii) STs, iii) small and marginal farmers, iv) landless labourers with homesteads, v) physically challenged vi) women headed households along-with all BPL households. • The provision of incentives to Individual Household Latrines are the following: • Incentive of Rs. 3200/- and 1400/- for each toilet (Rs. 3700/- and Rs. 1400/- in case of hilly and difficult areas) is given by Central and State Government respectively, to the BPL households and identified Above Poverty Line (APL) households w.e.f.01.4.2012. • In addition to the incentives under the NBA, upto Rs. 5400 is available under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme for construction of IHHLs.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 47 Under the NBA, assistance of Rs. 35000/- (Rs. 38500/- for hilly and difficult areas) is available for the construction of a toilet unit in schools. • Assistance of Rs. 8000/- (Rs. 10000/- for hilly and difficult areas) is available for Anganwadi toilets with the cost shared by Central and State Government in the ratio of 70:30. • Provision of upto Rs. 2,00,000/- is available for construction of Community Sanitary Complexes with cost sharing between Centre, State and Community in the ratio of 60:30:10. • Under NBA, assistance is available to setup Production Centres of sanitary materials and Rural Sanitary Marts. • Support exists for Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) in project mode for each Gram Panchayat (GP) with financial assistance capped for a GP on number of household basis, to enable all panchayats to implement sustainable SLWM projects. Rs. 7/12/15/20 lakh is available for Gram Panchayats having up to 150/300/500/ more than 500 households, on a Centre and State/GP sharing ratio of 70:30. Projects to be prioritized in identified GPs targeted for nirmal status and those that have already been awarded the Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP). Any additional cost requirement is to be met from the State/GP. • Funds for capacity building of all stakeholders including Panchayati Raj Institutions(PRIs) and field level implementers have been earmarked under the revised strategy. • Implementation of a Sanitation and Hygiene Communication Strategy with focus on Inter- Personal Communication. Best Practice 1. Strategy for Achieving Open Defecation Free Villages in Jharkhand Based on the experience of Gadri village in Ranchi The Drinking Water and Sanitation Department, Jharkhand, has adopted a new strategy, which was demonstrated with UNICEF support in Ranchi district of Jharkhand. UNICEF engaged the NGO ACE (Action for Community Empowerment) to demonstrate the strategy. Gadri village of Nehalu Kapadia Panchayat was taken up as the first village for the demonstration of this strategy. The concept of targeting the community as a whole, as against the earlier approach to focus on individual households, was a critical shift. This challenging task was led by the Panchayats. Evidently, the role of the facilitating NGO became critical in supporting the PaWnchayats first to mobilize the community and thereafter mobilizing funds to achieve total sanitation coverage and use. At this juncture, the provision of accessing the Revolving Fund was the key innovation of the demonstration process. The Village Water and Sanitation Committee (VWSC), a statutory body constituted under the provisions of the Panchayati Raj Act, is the village-level executing agency of the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan. The Mukhiya of the Gram Panchayat is the President of the VWSC and the Jal Sahiya (the female grassroots worker), as prescribed by the national guideline of the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan, was deputed as the treasurer of the VWSC. The task of the facilitating NGO was to strengthen the capacity of the VWSC, vis-à-vis the Mukhiya of the Gram Panchayat, to foster community mobilization on one hand and liaison with the District

48 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Water and Sanitation Committee (DWSC), on the other. The Mukhiya, after ascertaining the commitment of the entire village, that is, 100 percent households to strive towards achieving ODF status and simultaneously the construction of sanitary toilets in each household, worked out the total cost of the project. Subsequently, the VWSC submitted a proposal to the DWSC for a loan to initiate the project. Individual households thereafter contributed to meet the total project cost. This included labor cost, though in many cases the labor component was contributed directly by the beneficiary households. Implementation of the Strategy - The process of toilet construction was preceded by extensive community mobilization activities led by the Panchayats. While implementing the sanitation program, it was perceived that households have a natural attraction towards high quality construction. As toilets were coming up in the village with robust superstructures, there was an immense demand for improving the design of the superstructure and the beneficiary households were willing to invest on their assets. ACE, the NGO involved in facilitation, made several innovations in toilet construction; for instance, having a common wall for adjacent toilets belonging to siblings who belonged to separate households. In this manner the unit cost of the toilets was reduced. Cost optimization was primarily based on restricting wastage, planning for construction in scale, and avoiding over-designing of basic components (such as the platform of the toilet, cover of the leech pit, doors, and roofs. Once the construction phase was completed and the village was declared ODF, the VWSC prepared a list of households in the village who were eligible for NBA subsidy and submitted a proposal to the DWSC, requesting for the subsidy fund. Eventually, on 13 May 2013, Gadri was declared ODF. A celebration was held in the village, organized by the VWSC. During this celebration, the Additional Chief Secretary of the Drinking Water and Sanitation Department handed over the NBA subsidy amount, adjusted with the loan provided through the revolving funds. The Jal Sahiya also received the incentive amount.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 49 3.3 Sanitation Coverage Census 2011 has reported that sanitation coverage in rural India has reached 32.70% taking into consideration the increased population. Census 2011 has also reported an increase in 2.96 crore households in rural areas as compared to census 2001. The NSSO-2012 report has estimated that 40.6% of rural households have sanitation facilities.

3.4 Physical Progress Cumulative Against a cumulative Project objective under TSC/NBA, of 12.57 crore Individual Household Latrines (IHHL), States have reported on the Online Monitoring System that, sanitation facilities for 9.45 crore individual households has been achieved as on December 2013. The state-wise % achievement as reported by the States on the online Management Information System of the Ministry is given below:-

BPL :- Below Poverty Line

50 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 APL :- Above Poverty Line In addition to the above 27,151 Community Sanitary Complexes have been constructed in the country so far. In addition to individual household toilets, NBA also lays emphasis on school sanitation. Since inception of the sanitation programme, a total of 13.25 lakh school toilet units have been reported to be constructed as of December 2013. 96% of the cumulative project objectives have been achieved. School toilet Anganwadi toilet

Samilarly, provision of sanitary facilities in Anganwadis is also an important component of the NBA. A total of 4,63,057 Anganwadi toilets have been reported to be constructed as of December 2013. 87% of the original cu mulative project objectives have been achieved. The state-wise % achievement is given below:-

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 51 Annual Physical Progress The annual physical progress of construction of IHHLs, School Toilets, Anganwadi Toilets and Community Sanitary complexes under the TSC/NBA in the years 2012-13 and 2013-14 (upto Dec, 2013) is as below :

Year IHHLs School toilets Anganwadi toilets Community Sanitary Complex

2012-13 4,559,162 76,396 36,677 1,995

2013-14 29,08,463 24,658 14,816 958 (Upto Dec, 2013)

State-wise details are at Annexure-IV and V.

3.5 Financial Progress Under the TSC/NBA, districts prepare Project Implementation Plans (PIPs). The total value of the 607 approved District Projects is Rs. 22,672.36 crore. Central, State and beneficiary shares of the projects are Rs. 14,888.92 crore, Rs. 5,549.20 crore and Rs. 2,234.24 crore respectively. An amount of Rs.11,638.59 crore has already been released by the Government of India for implementation of these projects, out of which Rs. 9,600.76 crore has been utilized as reported by the States. State/UT-wise details is at Annexure-VI.

Annual Financial Progress The availability and utilization of funds under the NBA in 2012-13 and 2013-14(Upto December 2013) is as below. (Amount in Rs. Cr.)

Year Opening Funds Funds Utilised Total Funds Balance Balance available Funds Utilised funds available under the By Funds Available by States available with NBA MDWS Released with States with States States to the at end of States the year

2012-13 1278.82 2500.00 34.83 2438.46 3717.28 1524.19 2193.09

2013-14 2338.80 2300.00 44.22 1403.77 3742.57 1183.13 2559.44 (Upto Dec, 2013)

Statewise details are at Annexure - VII & VIII.

52 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 3.6 Activities of Importance Undertaken During 2013-14 i) National Conference on Sociology of Sanitation On 28th January 2013, Sulabh International organized the National Conference on Sociology of Sanitation. Addressing the Conference, Shri Bharat Sinh Solanki, Hon. MoS(i/c) Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation highlighted the policy of the Government of India in tackling the sanitation problems of rural India. He highlighted the action taken by the Ministry under the NBA and the successes achieved under the programme.

ii) Annual Sectoral discussions on Rural Drinking Water & Sanitation on 11th April,2013 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi Ministry organized official level annual sectoral discussions on rural drinking water & sanitation under the Chairmanship of Shri Pankaj Jain, Secretary, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation on 11th April, 2013 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.

Secretary, MDWS highlighted the increased allocation for rural sanitation under the 12th Plan and said that sufficient funds are now available with the States for implementation of NBA. The States must accordingly fix higher targets under the Annual Implementation Plan being planned by States. The AIP targets should include District-wise targets provided by the States. Apart from AIP targets, States should prepare long term strategic Action plan on Sanitation in their States. Gujarat has already prepared Strategic Plan for 15 years. States were urged to deliberate on the new challenges in NBA implementation. These are issues of dysfunctional toilets, problem of convergence of NBA with MGNREGS, inclusion of bathing space with toilets, completion of targets for construction of school and Anganwadi toilets, quality of school toilet units, slip-back villages questioning the sustainability of NGP, selection of NGP awardees by States, increased focus by States on IEC activities.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 53 iii) Review meeting with State Principal Secretaries/Secretaries In-charge of Rural Sanitation on 12th April, 2013 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi Review meeting with State Principal Secretaries/Secretaries In-charge of Rural Sanitation was held at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi on 12th April, 2013 with the multiple aims of reviewing the progress of implementation of the NBA including school sanitation targets, progress of survey and conversion of insanitary latrines into sanitary latrines, progress of Baseline Survey and preparation of revised Project Implementation Plans(PIPs). The Joint Secretary gave a presentation on the status of the Baseline survey and the initial findings reflected in them. Regarding identification of dysfunctional toilets under the baseline survey, the States elaborated on how they were going ahead and the checking each and every toilet in the GP. The Ministry reiterated that open defecation was a national shame and said that the States have to streamline their interventions and give due importance in tackling this issue. The Government of India is committed to making the Country ODF free and there was no lack of resources or intention from the side of the central government.

iv) Practitioners Workshop for developing a National Policy Frame Work on Solid and Liquid Waste Management in Rural India on 20 – 21 May 2013 A National Practitioners Workshop for developing a National Policy Frame Work on Solid and Liquid Waste Management in Rural India was organized on 20 – 21 May 2013 in Park Hotel, New Delhi with collaboration of Asian Development Bank (ADB). The workshop was attended by more than 20 experts and 15 practitioners including the elected representatives from different parts of the Country. In his inaugural address, Secretary, Government of India focussed on the issues and challenges in the field of sanitation especially the issues of SLWM in India. He initiated the address by saying that SLWM is a challenging subject in India due to its diverse nature like different terrain, varying climatic conditions and different existing culture and customs among the community. Earlier, managing solid and liquid waste was considered a major issue in urban areas, but now it has emerged as an issue in rural areas also. People dump both kitchen waste and toilet waste in sewerage system, which makes it difficult to properly manage or treat. He also stated that the coverage of sewerage system is only 15-20% even in cities despite the continuous effort for almost a decade. Managing waste water itself is a big challenge. Under NBA programme, Ministry focuses on make our country Nirmal by 2022 through sustainable sanitation programmes in rural India. Each and every person has a role and responsibility in achieving this, he stressed. He also pointed out need for a compendium on best practices on

54 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 SLWM in India. He also emphasized the need of developing some techno-economic models in rural areas. v) Review meeting with State NBA-Coordinators on 17th July, 2013 at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi A review meeting with State NBA-Coordinators was held under the Chairmanship of Shri Saraswati Prasad, Joint Secretary (Sanitation), on 17 th July, 2013 at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, with the aim of reviewing the progress of NBA including school sanitation targets, progress of survey and conversion of insanitary latrines into sanitary latrines, progress of Baseline survey and preparation of revised Project Implementation Plans(PIPs). Shri Saraswati Prasad, Joint Secretary (Sanitation) stated that States need to focus on achieving the physical and financial objectives set under AIP-2013-14. He further said that the survey of insanitary latrines should be completed on priority basis and insanitary latrines should be converted into sanitary latrines on priority basis. Director (NBA) made a presentation on the programme. vi) Review meeting with State Principal Secretaries/Secretaries In-charge of Rural Sanitation on 19th November, 2013 at Hotel Leela Palace, New Delhi A review meeting with State Secretaries in-charge of Rural Sanitation was held under the Chairmanship of Shri Pankaj Jain, Secretary(DWS), on 29th November, 2013 at Hotel- Leela Palace, New Delhi with the aim of reviewing the progress of NBA including school sanitation targets, progress of survey and conversion of insanitary latrines into sanitary latrines, progress of baseline survey and preparation of revised Project Implementation Plans(PIPs). Shri Saraswati Prasad, Joint Secretary (Sanitation) made a presentation. In which he stated that States must focus on achieving the physical and financial objectives set under AIP-2013-14. Achievements are pretty low in some States. He focused on the survey of insanitary latrines which should be completed on priority basis and insanitary latrines should be converted into sanitary latrines on priority basis. Construction of Schools and Anganwadi toilets should be completed by March, 2014. He also said that NGP awards money in future will not be released if the pending UCs are not submitted. In his opening remarks, the Secretary (MDWS) stated that open defecation is a national shame and 600 million people in India defecate in the open while only 32.7% have sanitation facilities as per Census-2011 figures. He said that culture of practicing open defecation should change. Community involvement should be increased. The Secretary also expressed doubts about the sanitation coverage figures indicated by States as programme achievement stating that there were a lot of dysfunctional toilets in the Country. States should make special efforts to complete the

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 55 Project objectives of 2013-14 with particular emphasis to complete school and anganwadi toilets by March 2014. State should take immediate steps to minimize the unspent balance. He asked the States about convergence of NBA with MGNREGS. Convergence is good in the States of Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, , , Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.

3.7 Publications Pathway to Success – Compendium of Be st Practices in Rural Sanitation in India The Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation with the assistance of Water and Sanitation Program (WSP), published a second volume of Compendium of Best Practices on Rural Sanitation titled ‘Pathway to Success’. This is in continuation with the first volume, titled ‘From Dreams to Reality’, released in 2010. The 16 success stories documented in the Compendium are lessons of great inspiration and can serve as models for various Gram Panchayats, Districts, and States across India in overcoming hurdles and obstacles in various fields as diverse as Community Participation, Sustainability, Resource Mobilization, Solid and Liquid Waste Management, Program Implementation, IEC Practices, and Institutional Reforms.

3.8 Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP) In October 2003, GOI launched an award based Incentive Scheme, as a component of its flagship scheme Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), for achieving fully sanitized and open defecation free Gram Panchayats, Blocks, Districts and States called the “Nirmal Gram Puraskar” (NGP). The first awards were given in 2005. NGP seeks to recognise the efforts made by Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and organisations which have contributed significantly towards ensuring full sanitation coverage in their areas of operation. Nirmal Gram Puraskar awarded till 2011 was given by Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MoDWS), Government of India at all levels of PRIs that is Gram Panchayat, Block Panchayat and District Panchayat. It has now been decided that with the transition to NBA, involvement of the States in the selection of Gram Panchayats to award Nirmal Gram Puraskar from the year 2012 shall be increased, while selection of the Blocks and District Panchayats shall continue to be with the Centre. The selection of NGPs for the year 2013 is under process.

56 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Objectives of Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP) The main objectives of Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP) are: • To promote safe sanitation and clean environment as a way of life in rural India. • To incentivise Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) to make the villages Open Defecation Free (ODF) and to adopt Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM). • To sustain the initiative of clean environment. • To encourage organizations to play a catalytic role in social mobilization in the implementation of NBA.

Eligibility criteria for NGP (a) Eligibility for Gram Panchayats: • A Gram Panchayat will be eligible to apply for the NGP on the following grounds: • Gram Panchayat has adopted a resolution to ban open defecation within its entire area inclusive of all habitations and villages. . • All habitations within the Gram Panchayat jurisdiction have access to water for drinking and sanitation purposes. • The Gram Panchayat has achieved objectives for all components as approved in the District Project and entered it in the IMIS of the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.

(b) Eligibility for Block and Panchayats: Application for the award for Block and District level may be sent to the MoDWS if all GPs in the Block / Districts have been selected for NGP, after short-listing of GPs by the State NGP Selection Committee.

Award Money (a) Award Money for Gram Panchayats Under the NGP, Award Money to successful GPs is offered based on population criterion, which is given in the table below.

Criteria/ Amount Gram Panchayat

Population as per Less 1000 to 2000 to 5000 to 10,000 and Census 2011 than 1999 4999 9999 above 1000

Award Money 1.0 2.0 4.0 8.0 10.0 (Rs in Lakh)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 57 Award Money is offered only to PRIs while Officials and Organisations are given citations and mementos in recognition of their efforts.

(b) Award Money for the Block/ District Panchayats Award money to Block/ District Panchayats is offered based on population criterion, which is given in the table below.

Criteria/ Amount Block Panchayat District Panchayat

Population as per Census Up to 50,000 More than Up to More than 2011 50,000 10,00,000 10,00,000

Award Money 15.0 20.0 30.0 50.0 (Rs in Lakh)

NGP awards given so far Under NGP, the following number of PRIs and other institutions has received the award in the last 7 years: • 2005 :– 38 Gram Panchayats and 2 Block Panchayats. • 2006 :– 760 Gram Panchayats and 9 Block Panchayats, 4 Institutions. • 2007 :– 4945 Gram Panchayats, 14 Block panchayats, 9 Institutions. • 2008 :- 12038 Gram Panchayats, 112 Block panchayats, 8 Zilla Panchayats, 10 Institutions. • 2009 :- 4556 GPs, 28 BPs and 2 ZPs • 2010 :- 2808 GPs, 1 BP • 2011 :- 2857 GPs, 15 BPs and 3 ZPs • Sikkim has become first Nirmal State of the country State-wise details are at Annexure-IX.

3.9 Activities of the NBA in North Eastern States Performance in North Eastern region Under Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan(NBA), provision of toilets has been made for rural population in all parts of the Country. However, adequate priority is given for construction of Individual household latrines in North Eastern States. Under NBA, additional provision of Rs 500 from central share has been made for IHHLs built in NE States, in view of the hilly and difficult terrain in these States.

58 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 For the year 2013-14, Rs. 426 crore (10% of total allocation of Rs. 4260 crore) is reserved for NE States. The financial and physical progress during 2013-14 (December, 2013) in North Eastern region is as given below: Financial (a) Cumulative Funds released to NE States : As against the project objectives, an amount of Rs. 971.40 crore have been released to the NE States upto December 2013, under the TSC/NBA. (b) Funds Released during 2012-13 and 2013-14 (till Dec. 2013) The funds released to the States in 2012-23 1nd 2013-14 is as below: (Rs. in lakhs)

S.N. Name of State 2012-13 2013-14 (till Dec. 2013) 1 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 986.92 0.00 2 ASSAM 11943.31 2571.26 3 MANIPUR 3509.18 0.00 4 MEGHALAYA 2540.01 5151.82 5 MIZORAM 497.48 402.94 6 NAGALAND 2302.68 0.00 7 SIKKIM 159.47 825.06 8 TRIPURA 430.47 1401.41 Total 22369.52 10352.49

(a) Cumulative Physical progress in NE States

S.N. State Name IHHL IHHL IHHL Sanitary School Anganwadi (BPL) (APL) Total Comp Toilets Toilets

1 ARUNACHAL 82112 16573 98685 178 3918 1896 PRADESH 2 ASSAM 1754173 525021 2279194 63 34202 11125 3 MANIPUR 144560 54337 198897 320 3919 1201 4 MEGHALAYA 171813 68730 240543 205 10218 1843 5 MIZORAM 84079 18778 102857 566 3806 1395 6 NAGALAND 142717 27255 169972 232 2693 1263 7 SIKKIM 61493 36550 98043 1105 1772 516 8 TRIPURA 455057 159365 614422 293 6650 7527 Total 2896004 906609 3802613 2962 67178 26766

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 59 (b) Physical Progress : 2012-13

S.N. State Name IHHL IHHL IHHL Sanitary School Anganwadi (BPL) (APL) Total Comp Toilets Toilets 1 ARUNACHAL 4775 985 5760 35 0 8 PRADESH 2 ASSAM 177008 96232 273240 11 77 76 3 MANIPUR 32208 11709 43917 11 0 53 4 MEGHALAYA 11955 2451 14406 36 1603 130 5 MIZORAM 4655 312 4967 12 106 219 6 NAGALAND 18630 3519 22149 7 28 20 7 SIKKIM 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 TRIPURA 4569 2466 7035 0 412 2 Total 253800 117674 371474 112 2226 508

(c) Physical Progress : 2013-14 (Upto December 2013 in Numbers)

S.N. State Name IHHL IHHL IHHL Total Sanitary School Anganwadi (BPL) (APL) Comp Toilets Toilets 1 ARUNACHAL 7924 497 8421 26 30 110 PRADESH 2 ASSAM 71066 17991 89057 0 436 113 3 MANIPUR 15685 8684 24369 12 0 0 4 MEGHALAYA 7166 773 7939 6 635 103 5 MIZORAM 3529 584 4113 13 481 28 6 NAGALAND 19868 0 19868 12 508 258 7 SIKKIM 3389 54 3443 192 166 100 8 TRIPURA 4985 43 5028 44 65 871 Total 133612 28626 162238 305 2321 1583

3.10 Scheduled Caste Sub-Plan (SCSP) and Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) Provision for SCs and STs The goal of Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) is to achieve universal sanitation coverage in the entire rural India by the year 2022. This includes provision of toilets for entire rural population. It is however, reiterated that provisioning of sanitation facilities for Schedule Castes/Schedule Tribes is an important priority of the NBA. Thus adequate priority is given for constru ction of Individual household latrines for SCs/STs. Due attention is also given to agglomerations inhabited by SCs/STs neglected in any region. Due attention is also given for demand generation for construction of community toilets so that SCs/

60 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 STs are able to get necessary benefits. Under the revised guidelines of NBA, provision of incentives has been widened including APLs belonging to SC and ST categories w.e.1.4.2012. Since 2011, under the NBA, 22% of total allocation is earmarked for Schedule Caste Sub Plan(SCSP) and 10% of total allocation for Tribal Sub Plan(TSP). In the year 2012-13, Rs. 550 crore was earmarked for SCSP, while Rs. 250 crore for TSP. For the year 2013-14, Rs. 937.20 crore (22% of total allocation of Rs. 4260 crore) is earmarked for SCs and Rs. 426 crore (10% of total allocation of Rs.4260 crore) is earmarked for STs. Out of this, under SCSP Rs.343.99 crore have already been released to States, while Rs.113.63 crore have already been released to States under TSP upto December, 2013. The progress achieved under NBA for SCs/STs is also being monitored through the online monitoring system. Upto December, 2013, out of the total of 510.36 lakh Individual Household Latrines constructed by BPL households, 118.30 lakh (23.18%) IHHLs are from SCs families and 64.50 lakh (12.64%) IHHLs are from STs families. State-wise details are at Annexure-X. The annual physical progress under TSC/NBA in 2012-13 and 2013-14 (Upto Dec. 2013) in construction of Individual Household Latrine for SC/ST is as below:

Year IHHL-SC IHHL-ST

2012-13 8,87,831 4,44,075

2013-14 (Upto Dec. 2013) 4,81,795 2,77,989

3.11 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Information, Education and Communication (IEC) is an extremely important component of Rural Sanitation programme that lays the basis for successful implementation of the programme. It serves as a platform for informing, educating and persuading people to realize their roles, responsibilities and benefits accruing from investing in right sanitation practices. IEC plays a very critical role in bringing behavioral change on various aspects of safe sanitation, creating effective demand, usage and links to health and hygiene. The role of IEC in demand generation for sanitary facilities is well recognized. The Sanitation programme for its success and sustainability requires empowered, well aware and skilled stakeholders capable of planning, implementation, operation, maintenance and management of sanitation schemes. Conventional IEC approaches like posters, pamphlets, wall writing, etc. may be undertaken but they have limited appeal and impact. The best way to create impact has been to follow a holistic approach that empowers communities through participatory methodologies, which ‘trigger’ the minds of the community members to take informed decisions regarding their sanitation status. The communication at community level can be supplemented by a mass media Behavior Change Communication (BCC) initiative, which focuses on changing social and cultural norms regarding open defecation and maintaining a clean environment, which will not only change behaviors, but most importantly, support sustainability of the behavioral change.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 61 Therefore Ministry has come up with a Sanitation Hygiene and Communication Strategy (SHACS) in order to provide a broad framework to the States for the implementation of IEC activities to increase awareness among rural people, generation of demand for sanitation facilities and creation of clean environment. 15% of each district project outlay including 2% for capacity building can be utilized for IEC activities aimed at generating effective demand and spreading hygiene education. The focus of SHACS on Inter Personal Communication (IPC) on which 60% of the IEC is proposed to be spent. Most of the States have prepared State wise and Districtwise IEC Action Plans based on the above principles. The Advocacy and Communication Strategy focuses on four critical sanitation and hygiene behaviours: 1. Building and use of toilets. 2. The safe disposal of child faeces. 3. Handwashing with soap after defecation, before food and after handling child faeces. 4. Safe storage and handling of drinking water The IEC Campaign across the Country focus on these behaviors in addition to which individual States can decide on additional messages.

Swachchhata Doot From 2012, the Ministry is focussing on creating an army of field motivators working on sanitation at the village level. The engagement of motivators at the village level is for demand creation and taking up behaviour change communication. They are to address all sections of rural population to bring about the relevant behavioural changes for improved sanitation and hygiene practices and meet their sanitary hardware requirements in an affordable and accessible manner. The motivator can be provided with suitable incentive from the funds earmarked for IEC. The motivator will work on Interpersonal Communication through door to door contacts which are recognized as the most significant tools for attaining the programme goals. The Ministry has issued guidelines for the engagement of village level motivators (Swachchhata Doot / Sanitation Messengers) in order to strengthen communication machinery at the village level with participatory social mobilization in accordance with the guidelines issued by MDWS. A Swacchata Doot should be a resident of the GP in which he is being engaged, have access to toilet, and should not be practicing open defecation and should possess a good command over local language/ dialect. In addition, the individual should have good communication skills, should hold a good reputation

62 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 in the GP, should be apolitical and should possess leadership qualities and community mobilization skills. The Swachchhata Doot may be engaged by the DWSM in all the Gram Panchayats on the terms and conditions specified in the guidelines. He should also be projected to be the key representative for sanitation in the GP for every beneficiary and their voice for reaching to relevant officials. Adequate training and skills should be provided to the Swachchhata Doots, including induction trainings and orientation programmes by SWSM/DWSM. The position of Swachchhata Doot is normally an honorary position with high visibility with motive of social service than a post of profit. Provision of awards for exemplary work done by the Swachchhata Doot will be made at District and State level to be distributed on special occasions like Republic Day, Independence Day, Gandhi Jayanti, International/National/State Sanitation Day, or during sanitation, health and education related special events. The states may also introduce suitable awards with citation for “Swachchhata Doots” for making a village “open defecation free”, on being awarded NGP. Monitoring of the performance of Swachchhata Doot should be incorporated in the system of programme monitoring in respect of GPs as per suggested common developed criteria mentioned in the guidelines used by the Ministry. 55,571 Swachchata Doots are currently engaged across the country spreading the message of sanitation.

3.12 Convergence of NBA with other Schemes Under NBA it has now envisaged that the sanitation programme would be implemented in a campaign approach to cover the entire community for saturated outcomes with a view to create Nirmal Grams. This new approach recognizes that provision of sanitation facilities has multifaceted dimensions ranging from creating sanitation infrastructure with a variety of technology options to software activities like motivating communities for demand generation for toilets through intensive IEC and capacity building programmes. Convergence and coordination between the various schemes being implemented by various Ministries and the active involvement by field level functionaries like PRI members, ASHA, Anganwadi Workers (AWWs), Village Water and Sanitation Committees (VWSCs), Teachers, Swachata Doots in promoting sanitation issues and practices is essential for its success. As major initiative for convergence of NBA with MGNREGA implemented by Department of Rural Development has been taken up. Though this had initially resulted in the slowing of the programme, it is expected that with time as coordination mechanisms are set up across States, the overall impact on the sanitation problem will be positive. Inter-sectoral convergence amongst various schemes is currently underway.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 63 Some of the schemes where convergence has been initiated are: 3.12.1 Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) of Ministry of Women and Child Development Considering the close linkages between provision of safe drinking water, good sanitation and child health, the Ministry of Women and Child Development and Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation are making efforts at the Central and State level for greater inter-sectoral convergence of the programmes of MW&CD and MDWS. To ensure that all Anganwadis in Government buildings in the rural areas are provided with baby friendly toilet facilities, the Ministry has enhanced the financial assistance for toilets to Rs. 8,000 (Rs. 10,000 in case of hilly and difficult areas). The NBA programme focuses on making available toilet facilities in Anganwadis across the Country. Anganwadi Worker being a member of Village Water Sanitation and Health Committee has an important role to play in health and sanitation awareness generation. Anganwadi workers should be involved in promoting health and hygiene education programmes like safe disposal of child faeces, proper washing of hands and other related behavioural change in AWCs. Recently under the NBA guidelines, instructions have been issued for incentivizing AWW (Anganwadi Worker) and Anganwadi Helper (AWH) from IEC funds earmarked under NBA for their role in motivating village communities to construct and use toilets. AWW training guidelines now define their roles and responsibilities with respect to sanitation promotion. To address the problem of malnutrition caused by poor sanitation toilet provision in 200 high focused malnutrition Districts has been prioritized in NBA. The campaign of the MoWCD on improving the Child Sex Ratio(CSR) is also supported by this Ministry by engaging the Swachchata Doots to convey messages regarding the need to improve the CSR.

3.12.2 Areas of Convergence with Ministry of Rural Development (MRD) MDWS has undertaken convergence initiatives with schemes of Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guaruntee Scheme (MGNREGS) and the Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development.

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) : The components of NBA include construction of toilet units for individual households, Schools and Anganwadis, and Solid and Liquid Waste Management in convergence with the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), wherever feasible. These construction works require engagement of unskilled labour for their earthwork component. To give an impetus to the NBA, particularly in augmenting incentive funds for the aforesaid components, convergence has been initiated with the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) implemented by Ministry of Rural Development. Accordingly the MGNREGS guidelines were amended to include works relating to sanitation facilities in MGNREGS schedule of works. (New Gazette No. 18761 dated 30th September, 2011 giving detailed

64 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 guidelines) which was further amended vide notifications J- 11017/41/2011 dated 07/06/2012, 11-9-2012 and J-11017/41/2013-MGNREGA(UN) dated 6-1-2014. The basic tenets of the convergence are as under: a) In addition to the Incentive Grant to the beneficiaries for construction of Individual Household Latrine (IHHL) under NBA, i.e. Rs.3200/- (Rs. 3700/- for hilly and difficult areas) as Central share, Rs. 1400/- as State share (with freedom to enhance the share), and Rs. 900/- as beneficiary share, a financial assistance of maximum up to Rs 4500/- per IHHL (now revised to Rs 5400/) has been made available from MGNREGS, to take the total unit cost to Rs. 10,000/- for construction and usage of IHHL. b) The assistance under MGNREGS can be extended only to those households that are in possession of the MGNREGS job card. In the case of others, if they are eligible under NBA, they have to apply and obta in a job card in order to avail the benefits of MGNREGS and NBA converged toilet facilities. c) Incentive from MGNREGS may also be utilized for construction of Anganwadi toilet units, School Toilet Units and SLWM as Institutional Projects. The work will be completed as per prevailing Schedule of Rates. d) A Mate may be deployed for every 15-25 IHHL’s depending upon its geographical spread in a gram panchayat at one time, in addition to institutional toilets falling in the area.

Best Practice 2.

Effective TSC/NBA implementation through Self Help Groups : A mission mode approach in Medak district by utilizing SHGs acknowledged as a model for Andhra Pradesh Under the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), 99 villages of Medak district of Andhra Pradesh achieved Open Defecation Free (ODF) status and bagged Nirmal Gram Puraskars (NGPs) till 2011. The district administration reached out to the community with the slogan ‘Intinta Paarishudhyam’ (sanitation in every household). A mammoth program of constructing one lakh toilets in 100 days in the identified 502 villages was launched to achieve 100 percent toilet construction and usage in all 1,059 villages in a phased manner. The district administration developed a strategy to reach out to the communities with various communication activities, and mission mode interventions in collaboration with UNICEF. Factors that led to the success of the program included minimizing the role of departmental officers/engineers, making Self Help Group (SHG) women the prime stakeholders, and reducing the intermediary bottlenecks. Process of Implementation - A core team was constituted at the district level to lead the sanitation campaign under the leadership of the District Collector. Senior officers were made special officers for each constituency (four to five Mandals) relocated to constituency level. One district officer was in charge of each of the 46 Mandals and 502 adoption officers were engaged, one for every village; 1,285 focal persons (one per 100 toilets) were deployed for all 502 villages.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 65 Weekly Monitoring - The District Collector held a wireless set conference every Monday on the progress of toilet construction. Weekly reports were collected every Friday by the District Water and Sanitation Committee (DWSC) and wireless set conferences were held by the Superintending Engineer, Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS), on every Saturday based on the reports collected and consolidated on the previous day. The adoption officer/focal persons reported daily on progress to the special officers. Mandal-level weekly review meetings, constituency-level monthly review meetings, and district- level convergence meetings are organized regularly. Fund Flow- An important lesson learnt was that the government incentive was not reaching benefi ciaries on time. A new administrative and fi nancial system was put in place for the selection of benefi ciaries, sanctions, construction of Individual Sanitary Latrine (ISL), documentation, and payment to the benefi ciaries through SHG women. The State Water and Sanitation Mission (SWSM) released funds to DWSC. A joint account was opened by the Mandal Mahila Samakya (MMS) and Mandal Parishad Development Offi cer (MPDO). Funds were transferred from DWSC to the joint account as advance. MMS opened a Rural Sanitary Mart (RSM) and placed indents for material kit supply to the benefi ciaries. MPDO released funds to the RSM at the rate of Rs.1, 247 and the balance to the Village Organisation (VO) at the rate of Rs. 1, 953 per kit. The VO received the subsidy and disbursed it to the benefi ciaries after confi rming the construction of the toilets. The VO extended loans of Rs. 2,000 to 2,500 to the needy benefi ciaries to reduce their fi nancial burden. Incentive under MGNREGS and TSC/NBA - Every beneficiary got an amount of Rs. 4,500 as incentive from the government. Of this, Rs. 3,200 from TSC was paid to the beneficiary through SHGs, and Rs. 1,300 from the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) was paid directly to the beneficiary. Now, according to the revised guidelines of Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA), the government incentive has been increased to Rs. 10,000, including the beneficiary contribution of Rs. 900, of which an amount of Rs. 4,500 was paid from MGNREGS and the remaining Rs. 4,600 paid from NBA. Incentive for Motivation - To motivate and encourage village-level stakeholders, an amount of Rs. 50 was given per ISL to the VO, Rs. 25 per ISL to the Mandal Coordinator of the RWSS Department, and Rs. 25 per ISL to the focal person. Delivery of Toilet Material - With the government’s incentive amount of Rs. 3,200, the district administration initiated a plan to provide the material kit (water closet, asbestos sheet, a standard door, and a P-trap) at a cost of Rs. 1,247 at the doorstep of the beneficiaries, through RSMs run by MMSs. The beneficiary, thus, got standardized material at reasonable rates. The logistical problems of procuring the material and transportation charges were reduced. However, beneficiaries had the option of purchasing materials of their choice. Behavior Change Communication (BCC) and Information, Education, and Communication (IEC)- The district administration developed a District Communication Plan and carried out Sanitation Mapping for all the targeted villages. IEC material was developed with the support of UNICEF. BCC activities such as Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) training for SHGs, capacity building

66 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 to the Mandal Resource Coordinators, district officers, Mandal-level functionaries, and community- based organizations (CBOs) were organized to promote sanitation in an effective way. Achievements During Intinta Paarishudhyam - • At the end of 100 days, work on constructing 88,101 toilets began, of which 53,510 were completed. • VO loan linkages for 3,616 members on an average of Rs. 2,500 were sanctioned for a total of Rs. 90,32,500. • As villages became ODF, a total of 215 villages were proposed for NGP 2011-12.

3.12.3 Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) NBA is also being converged with the Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) scheme implemented by MRD which aims at provision of housing for the poor. Under NBA, all houses constructed by the beneficiaries under IAY or any other State rural housing scheme which do not have toilets shall also be eligible for the incentive for creation of sanitation facilities for targeted groups under NBA. To ensure that all IAY houses are provided with sanitation facilities and for dovetailing of funds under NBA/TSC with IAY for construction of toilets, a Joint letter under the signature of Joint Secretaries from both Ministries was issued to all State Secretaries incharge of sanitation to strengthen the convergence of IAY with NBA as under: • All houses constructed by the beneficiaries under Indira Awas Yojana(IAY) or any other State rural housing scheme which did not have toilets shall also be eligible for the incentive for creation of sanitation facilities for targeted groups under NBA. Implementing agency for IAY in the District will provide the list of identified IAY houses to be constructed during the year so that it could be taken as NBA target of the District in Annual Implementation Plan(AIP) • The District Implementing Agency of NBA shall transfer the funds in respect of targeted IAY houses during the year after receipt of request from IAY Implementing Agency in two installments, the first installment being 50% of the required funds as per the target approved for toilets in IAY houses. The second installment will however, be released on utilization of 60% of the available funds with the IAY implementing agencies and on submission of required UCs/ASAs as per NBA guidelines • Joint IEC so as to have effective demand generation. • On line monitoring of toilet facility available in houses constructed under IAY.

3.12.4 Convergence with NRDWP It is clear that availability of water is required to keep the toilets clean and usable. Provisioning of assured and sustainable water supply not only facilitates toilet construction and usage, but also goes a long way in incentivising and motivating people to adopt good sanitation practices including hand washing before and after meals, post defecation, as also maintaining cleanliness and proper hygiene within and outside houses.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 67 Thus, availability of enough water for sanitation purposes needs to be taken into account on priority. A conjoint approach to water and sanitation are being adopted through convergence with the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) and the NBA. Gram Panchayats having adequate water availability are to be prioritized for creation of sanitation infrastructure while those with higher toilet coverage are to be taken up for provision of water supply (specially piped water supply) under the scheme National Rural Drinking Water Programme. Under the NBA, there are specific instructions that no sanitary structures are to be built near drinking water sources. Further water supply to Schools, Anganwadis and Community Sanitary Complexes are to be set-up under the NRDWP programme component.

3.12.5 Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment to address Manual Scavenging With the promulgation of the Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993, the construction and maintenance of dry latrines and employing someone as a manual scavenger has been prohibited. The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is a nodal Ministry monitoring the implementation of the Act. The Census 2011 has reported existence of 12.76 lakh insanitary latrines in the country, out of which 5.86 lakh dry latrines reportedly cleaned manually in the rural areas of the country. As per revised NBA guidelines any existing bucket latrines, if any, has to be converted to sanitary latrines. The incentive available to the beneficiary for this is identical to that of the construction of individual house hold latrines. States have been requested to take steps for conversion of existing bucket or dry latrines into sanitary latrines on a priority basis in all the villages where insanitary latrines exist and manual scavenging has been reported in Census 2011. States have carried out a survey on this and they have reported conversion of 84,986 insanitary latrines to sanitary latrines upto 31.12.2013.

3.13 Monitoring and Evaluation (M & E) under NBA To strengthen the monitoring mechanism of the programme, an online monitoring system exists whereby State Governments have to report the physical and financial progress in the implementation of the NBA online on a monthly basis panchayat wise. The system of on-line data entry has is in place and State officials are responsible for online data entry.

68 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Comprehensive web-based online monitoring systems for NBA and NGP separately are now in place with GP level data on targets and achievements. The data is being updated at district level and state level. The system has been upgraded with a facility to upload the names and card number for BPL beneficiaries and identified APL beneficiaries for authentication of data. The system now also captures the number of APL households who belong to SCs, STs, small and marginal farmers, landless laborers with homesteads, physically challenged and women headed households along-with all BPL households covered with sanitation facilities. Further to keep pace with the modern IT tools, provision is now available to send automatic reminders on identified dates to State Secretaries and NBA Coordinators of each district to report physical and financial progress by the due dates. Provision has also been made to issue SMSs to field functionaries and State Secretaries on group messages to be sent through online monitoring system. The Ministry is in the process of bringing in further innovations in the MIS with new and practical reports which shall be of use for better management of the programme.

Snapshot of Online Monitoring System

Periodic review meetings are conducted to review the physical and financial progress in the implementation of the NBA in all the States. Besides review meetings, regular video conferencing also organized to review progress of NBA and suggest corrective measures wherever required to achieve physical and financial objectives.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 69 Field visits are also made by the officers of the Ministry to see the implementation of Sanitation programme. Third party evaluation studies are also carried out for real impact assessment. Special reports on progress of the programme on Left Wing Extremist districts, minority concentrated districts; SC/ST dominated districts are available. GIS based reports are available for Country, State, District and Panchayat level. The States have been advised to adopt a five-pronged strategy to promote transparency consisting of i) creation of awareness about the schemes, ii) transparency, iii) people’s participation, iv) accountability/social audit v) strict vigilance and monitoring at all levels.

These measures are to help in maximum utilization of funds under the rural development schemes.

3.14 Human Resource Development (HRD) The current institutional arrangements under NBA demonstrate a holistic approach to sanitation service delivery and involve all administrative levels of the implementation chain, from a policy decision making body at the Central level to a programme delivery one at State level and the primary stakeholders- the community at the village level. At the policy level, the State Water and Sanitation Mission and the District Water and Sanitation Missions (DWSM) take broad decisions regarding the policies (within the overall letter and spirit of the NBA guidelines) and implementation approaches to be adopted in the District related to sanitation activities. The Block Resource Centres (BRC) are the new institutional set up at the block level to provide continuous support in terms of awareness generation, motivation, mobilisation, training and handholding to Gram Sabhas and GPs. They serve as an extended delivery arm in terms of software support from the districts and act as a link between the District Water & Sanitation Mission and Gram Panchayats /Gram Sabhas. The Village Water and Sanitation Committees (VWSC) have been set up at the lowest level as a grass- root level village Institutions mandated with the task of bringing about total sanitation, improving health & hygiene, O & M and sanitation in their respective villages. While the above are mainly implementation institutions, the Water and Sanitation Support Organizations (WSSOs) have also been set up at the State level to provide capacity building support to various levels for

70 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 the implementation of the programme. The Communication and Capacity Development Unit (CCDU) which shall function under Water and Sanitation Support Organization shall develop communication campaigns for the State, and Districts focusing on critical messages to change the behaviour of communities. At the national level, with a view to undertake continuous professional development of project implementers and to equip them to handle various issues and emerging challenges in the sector such as sustainability of sanitation facilities and its use, developing sustainable technology options in sanitation etc., the Ministry has created a National Resource Centre (NRC). This Centre engages Consultants to provide technical expertise in the area of sanitation as a support to the Ministry. The Ministry also has identified several organizations of high repute with expertise in imparting training on sanitation as Key Resource Centres (KRCs) to build capacities of different stakeholders at various levels. With a view to bring about inter-sectoral convergence and coordination between Ministries/Department at the Centre and the States and to get inputs from persons with recognized expertise in the drinking water and sanitation sector, a High Level Inter Ministerial Committee namely National Drinking Water & Sanitation Council (NDWSC) has also been set up in Ministry.

Best Practice 3. ODF Status Achieved in Mandi Gram Panchayats Villagers work towards improving the environment Bungrail Chouk, the village known as the Switzerland of Himachal Pradesh, is about 85 km from Mandi, the district HQ of Mandi district and situated at a height of around 6,500 ft. Even during the hot summer months, the lush green environment of the village helps to cool visitors. The village is an ODF village and has received the NGP award as well. Sustainability in sanitation and drinking water has been achieved through effective IEC by the Rural Development Department. The IEC fund was utilized for achieving sustainable sanitation by the engagement of an NGO to generate awareness and also bring about behavioral change. Under the chairmanship of the District Magistrate, all departments were involved in mobilizing the community in a participatory manner for collectively making the GP Open Defecation Free. The most significant aspect of the strategy was that no message regarding any incentive money was ever discussed, so that along with BPL, all APL families could be simultaneously motivated. The cohesive spirit imbibed among the villagers created magic. Every household of the GP joined hands in collecting materials such as stone and sand, helping dig pits, laying stones to wall the pits, and constructing superstructures. With door-to-door campaigns, meetings, group discussions, street theater, wall paintings, and so on, every household felt the need for toilets and understood the health impact of open-defecation and social issues pertaining to the dignity of women and comfort of the aged. With the endeavor of the entire community, every household constructed toilets and thus the age old practice of open defecation was eradicated. The villagers were not aware about the incentive permissible under TSC and the amount.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 71 Even after achieving ODF, no incentive was paid to individual entitled beneficiaries. The GP applied for NGP and in the third attempt the GP was recognized and awarded the NGP. It was only after getting the recognition of the NGP award, the entitled BPL families were paid an incentive. The GP also received a State award for ODF status before the NGP award was issued. As far as drinking water is concerned, a multi-village water supply scheme has been introduced by the Irrigation Department, which handles the drinking water supply in HP. The households have the advantage of piped water supply at the household level. The village is an ideal example to exhibit how effective convergence of schemes of various departments can usher in sustainable prosperity. By utilizing the MGNREGS fund, four ponds have been dug for meeting the need for domestic water supply. Under the National Horticulture Mission (NHM), drip irrigation system, vermin compost, protective net for apple plants,and so on, have been facilitated.

3.15 Research and Development (R &D) To further Research & Development in the field of Sanitation, 100% funding to research organizations including NGOs is given by the Central Government. A Research Advisory Committee under the Chairpersonship of Secretary (DWS) has been constituted primarily to promote research and development activities for the Sanitation. The major areas for Research & Development in sanitation include: • Technology related, which is sanitation technologies particularly in the product/design, evacuation, decomposition and maintenance and construction with regard to leach pit technology or any improvement in existing installed septic tank technology, solid and liquid waste management, Eco San etc. • Program related: Innovations in planning, communication, monitoring, financing sanitation program to ensure faster and sustainable implementation of the sanitation program. • Studies, which include impact assessment studies, initiation of impact studies of sanitation, studies on MHM, including technologies like incinerators, • Design & implementation of environment friendly self-sustaining sanitation system – this may include design of improved leach pits, other technical options for Individual Household Latrine (IHHL), hygienic rural toilets, ecological sanitation etc., • Improved / Economical toilet design for children, differently –able persons, emergency situations with suggested cost implications • Improved/ Economical community/Institutional sanitation system including waste management. • Effectiveness of models of sanitation in various hydro-geological and geo-physical conditions, like water table, rocky, flood prone, water scarce and extreme low temperature areas. • Methods of bringing about behavioural changes and information and dissemination of sustainable sanitation technologies.

72 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 • Zero discharge/waste management system involving communities. • Sustainable technology and methodology for the management of liquid wastes in rural villages. • Sustainable technologies having potential of resource recovery and safe reuse of wastes and employment avenues for the community will be preferred. • Establishing linkages with water, health, nutrition, agriculture, bio-gas generation and movement of bacteria and other pollutants in soil through pit toilets. To strengthen the R&D facilities in the concerned Departments in various States, State Governments are encouraged to establish R&D cells with adequate manpower and infrastructure. R&D Cells are required to remain in touch with premier Technical Institutions within the State. The network of Technical Institutions may follow the guidelines issued by the Ministry from time to time for effective implementation of the rural sanitation programme. R&D Cells are also required to be in constant touch with the Monitoring & Investigation divisions and the Monitoring & Evaluation Study Reports for initiating appropriate follow up action. The list of recently completed and on-going R&D projects on Sanitation under the NBA are as under :

Sl. Name of the Project Name of the P.I. and address Complete/ on- No.. going

1 Field testing and design development Mr. Abdul Hameed, Integrated Completed of lever operated pan for improved Rural Technology Centre, Kerala. November 2013 dry compost latrines for water logged areas

2 Management of solid wastes Prof. Satyawati Sharma, Centre Completed (kitchen wastes) by employing for Rural Development, IIT 19.9.2013 rapid composting technique Delhi

3 Techno-economic adaptability of Mr. S. Suburaman, SCOPE , Completed ecological sanitation” Trichy, Tamil Nadu 2013

4. Development of effective Dr. A.A. Kazmi , Department of Complete final decentralized sewage treatment Civil Engineering , IIT Roorkee report not system for rural communities. submitted

5. Design and Development of Prof. K. Munshi, Industrial On going Hygienic Toilet for Rural India”. Design Centre, IIT Mumbai

6. Potential of aerobic digestion Dr. Ajay Kalmkhad, Department of Ongoing (composting) and anaerobic digestion Civil Engineering, IIT, Guwahati of kitchen wastes

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 73 Best Practice 4 Eco-friendly solution to Human Waste Management: DRDO develops and installs bio-toilets The Directorate of Life Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), has developed an eco-friendly solution to human waste management. DRDO’s bio-toilet technology consists of growing an anaerobic microbial consortium by acclimatization/enrichment of microbes at low temperatures and bio-augmentation with a critical group of bacteria. The PVC-based immobilization matrix provides a larger quantity of bacteria andresists wash out of bacteria and adverse situations. The bio-digester is a fermentation container made of steel/SS/FRP/bricks.Features of the bio-digester include: • FRP tank of minimum thickness of 8 millimeter (mm). • FRP diagonal self-constrained separating wall with thickness of 8 mm (adequately stiffened by ribs). • The tank is buried 600 mm deep, and anchored by 300 mm-long stainless (SS316) anchor bolts at its corners. • There are also provisions for water-sealed outlet from the tank. The steps in anaerobic digestion consist of the conversion of large polymers into simpler monomers, which, in turn, are converted into volatile fatty acid; volatile fatty acids are then converted into acetic acid, CH4 and CO2. In the last stage, acetate and H2 are converted into CH4 and CO2. DRDO reports that no aeration is required in the anaerobic biodegradation; complete anaerobic conditions prevail with more than 99 percent pathogen inactivation. Anaerobes can even degrade detergents/phenyl, sludge generation Is slow, one-time bacterial inoculation is adequate, and there is minimal maintenance cost and no recurring cost. DRDO had installed about 21 bio-digester toilets in Lakshadweep on pilot bases and 12,000 more are currently being installed.

74 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Best practice 5 Dealing with Emergencies : Portable toilets have helped provide sanitation facilities to disaster affected people in Assam Since sanitation and hygiene are important for the health and safety of thousands of affected families sheltered in camps, the provision of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities assumes significance. Floods are a recurring problem in States such as Assam and Bihar, owing to the overflowing of the Brahmaputra, the Koshi, and other rivers. It is the usual practice families from rural areas to riverbanks or schools. Since sanitation and hygiene are important for the health and safety of hundredsand thousands of affected families sheltered in camps, the provision of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities assumes significance. During the recent flooding of the Brahmaputra in upper Assam, OXFAM, a non-governmental organisation (NGO), introduced ‘portable toilets’ made entirely of synthetic material. These toilets have a wall on three sides, a curtain, a platform with two footrests, and pipes emerging from the pan to an underground pit, with a bamboo platform covered with soil. Each toilet costs Rs.7,000 to Rs. 8,000. After use and normalization of the situation, the toilets are removed, cleaned with disinfectants, and stored for future use. After dismantling the toilets and pipes, the pits are covered and left undisturbed for decomposition. Similarly, during recent social unrest in the districts of Kokrajhar, Dhubri, and Bongaigaon in Assam, a large number of affected people left home and took refuge in schools or temporary shelters. The Public Health and Engineering Department (PHED), Assam, arranged for hand pumps to ensure safe drinking water and installed portable plastic ‘platforms with plastic pans’. The plastic toilets are approximately 4x4 feet and are placed on pits and covered by a temporary superstructure made of plastic wrapped around four bamboo poles. After use and dismantling, the pits are covered with soil. These innovations require further research and development to be institutionalized as standard practices in case of emergencies.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 75 3.16 Representing India in the International Fora 5th South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN-V) The 5th South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN-V) was organised from 22nd to 24th October, 2013 at Kathmandu, Nepal. This conference was a platform for the Governments, practitioners, professional agencies and Civil Societies to engage in constructive dialogue for collective effort to foster regional collaboration in pursuit of meeting the sanitation challenges in the region. The conference was attended by Hon’ble MoS(I/C), Secretary(DWS), Joint Secretary(Sanitation), Director(NBA), Director(Fin) and other Govt. of India and State Officials. Shri Bharat Sinh Solanki, Hon’ble MoS(I/C) addressed the Conference on 24th October, 2013 in which he highlighted the achievements of the Country in Sanitation and enumerated the challenges ahead. He also reiterated that “ India is fully committed to concrete action to fulfill the goals of better sanitation”. Secretary (DWS) chaired a session “Reaching the Un-reached”. He pointed out that poor, marginalised, vulnerable communities have very limited access to WASH services in South Asian Countries. In the spirit of the UN General Assembly resolution, South Asian governments must facilitate sanitation services that are accessible, affordable, appropriate, acceptable and safe. A presentation was made by Ms. Pratima Gupta, Director on “Reaching the Unreached; India Context”. She highlighted the provisions made by GoI for marginalised group under Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan(NBA).

The India Country presentation was made by Shri Saraswati Prasad, Joint Secretary (Sanitation). He mentioned the key achievements made by India and issues related to Sanitation. The Joint Declaration issued at the end of the Conference, signed by all member States highlighted the action to be taken to achieve the targets of sanitation in the SAARC region in the coming years to move towards universal sanitation coverage.

76 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 The South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN), a government-led biennial convention held on a rotational basis in each SAARC member country, provides an interactive platform for improving sanitation in South Asia. The first conference was held in Bangladesh in 2003, the second in Pakistan in 2006, the third in India in 2008 and the fourth in Sri Lanka in 2011. The fifth South Asian Conference on Sanitation, SACOSAN-V was organized by the Government of Nepal, Ministry of Urban Development with the theme “Sanitation for All: All for Sanitation”. SACOSAN V brought together high level policy makers from every country in South Asia with representatives of community leaders to discuss regional, national and local sanitation andhygiene actions, set future actions and share ideas. Three hundred and fifty country delegates and fifty experts from regional and global agencies participated in this conference. To informally kick off the conference, a public opening was held at Bhaktapur which was also declared an Open Defecation Free District on the same day. About 200 conference delegates attended the Public Opening Ceremony. Over a period of three days, the SACOSAN-V conference programme offered an impressive list of presenters in various sessions. All countries presented on a different topic, based on a country paper prepared and shared in advance. Eight technical focus sessions helped foster a regional perspective and agenda on sanitation in South Asia.

The conference became a valuable, enriching and unique event and an excellent opportunity to meet and socialize with colleagues from different parts of the globe. For the first time in the history of SACOSAN, participants who could not be in the conference venue could participate through the virtual conference.

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 77 Similarly, a separate session for grass root voices added value and eight people got a chance to express their innovative ideas. Ministers and heads of delegates attended an informal meeting with experts and expressed their views, in this way getting involved in the declaration process. Delegates were also given the opportunity to attend field visits across three sites around Nepal. Thirty seven delegates visited Kavre (Sarada Batase), twenty six visited Kavre (Nala) and thirty three visited Pokhara where local people displayed great hospitality and showed their works. Country exhibiters, partners and internal agencies, side event organizers and the media team also added much value to the conference. The conference was completed successfully, aided greatly by the efforts of member countries and all stakeholders. The conference concluded with a declaration signed by all the head ofdelegations with call for ODF South Asia and sustainable sanitation. The next SACOSAN (VI) will be organized and hosted by the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh in November 2015. Visit of Indian delegation to the World Water Week at Stockholm, Sweden The delegation from the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, led by Shri Pankaj Jain, Secretary, MDWS and consisting of Shri Sujoy Mojumdar, Director, MDWS, participated in the World Water Week in Sweden from 1-9-2013 to 4-9-2013. Shri Pankaj Jain Secretary, MDWS Govt. of India spoke at the Session on the subject “Making Evidence Count in WASH”. The issue under discussion in the Seminar was the fact that the WASH Evidence base is complex and offers few easy answers to the issue of “What Actually works” in the field. Shri Pankaj Jain, Secretary, MDWS, Govt. of India gave a detailed talk on “The challenge of Behavioral Change”. He stressed on the need to remember that water supply and sanitation are parts of social sector. He said “we cannot simply use mathematical formulae to achieve something in social sector like WASH and it requires much more feedback results. When people’s social behavior is involved which needs to be changed, this requires delicate handling”. Shri Jain explained the historical social perspective of a particular type of behavior in India. He explained that changing mindsets with respect to sanitation practices required a specific focused approach and would take time. Sh. Jain explained that the 2011 census has shown that only 32.7% of rural households have individual household toilets and India was the country with the most open defecation in the world. He stressed on the need for a lot of continuous advocacy and hand holding to convince people to construct and use toilets and stop open defecation. Shri Jain gave examples of innovations in hardware, software, soft skills and advocacy that have been successful in India like designing of low cost latrines. Another example of successful research and transfer of technology in the sanitation sector was where the design of the toilet pan has been modified in such way to decrease the amount of water needed to flush the system. Further the development of the design of the p-trap in rural toilets in India has made such toilets more acceptable and user friendly. He also spoke of the various efforts at addressing

78 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 the problems of chemical contamination in ground water based drinking water supply schemes in India, mainly arsenic and fluoride through treatment, and said that we have finally come to a stage where the focus has now shifted to providing piped water supply from safe sources. He spoke of the endeavor to learn from both domestic and international best practices in Water and Sanitation sectors to develop systems that allow free flow of information from the field to the policy maker. He spoke of important Technological and Research Institutions in India, like the Government run National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), which is working on a wide range of issues on drinking water quality, and the privately owned Sulabh International, working on household and public toilets, which are providing information useful to Government and policy makers. Finally, Shri Jain urged for close collaboration between researchers, policy makers and implementers so that the best of knowledge can be leveraged for the betterment of the population. The speech of Shri Jain, Secretary MDWS was reported in the World Water Week Daily Report, issued on Monday, 2nd September, 2013. The delegation met with representatives of multilateral institutions like WSP and UNICEF and various stakeholders working on water and sanitation like the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and the Sanitation and Water For All (SWA).

Visit of Indian delegation to Spain An Indian delegation led by Shri Pankaj Jain, Secretary, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, (MDWS), Government of India, visited Spain on an official visit from 5-9-2013 to 6-9-2013. The delegation met a Spanish Government Delegation headed by Mr. Federico Ramos de Armas, Director General Secretary of State for Environment, Government of Spain. During the meetings, Mr. Pankaj Jain, Secretary, MDWS explained the officials from Spain in detail, the status of drinking water supply and sanitation in rural areas of India. He mentioned that over 800 million people have access to 40 lpcd drinking water supply in rural India. He stated that issues of drinking water quality especially chemical contamination with arsenic, fluoride and heavy metals still remain and there was much to do to improve water quality in India even in areas where over 40 lpcd is supplied. The

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 79 present role of Private Sector in extending the rural infrastructure for drinking water supply in India was also explained. It was informed that both the water sector is essentially funded from Govt. resources in India and most of the schemes are implemented through Lump-sum Turn Key (LSK) contracts using the Engineering, Procurement & Construction(EPC) gateway through private contractors after open tendering.

The D.G. (Secretary of State) of Spain explained in detail the capacity that exists in Spain, with regard to drinking water supply and sanitation services. He informed that Spain has expertise in de-salination technology. Spain like India has a federal setup but drinking water supply infrastructure is managed on the river basin concept with River Basin Authorities with authority over geographical areas covering more than 1 regional government. He also stated that advanced waste water treatment expertise was also available from which India could gain as, as per his information, India is still infant in this sector. Regarding, Sanitation he informed that household sanitation was not a problem in Spain. However, large scale drainage systems were still not available in all rural areas in the country. This was now one of the key focal points of activities of his department. He also indicated that water quality monitoring, testing and control is highly advanced in Spain and suggested that Secretary DWS should visit Barcelona where one of the best testing laboratories is located, which could also help India in setting up its new International Centre of Drinking Water Quality at Kolkata. The Indian Delegation made a field visit and studied the Viveros de la Villa WWTP (Wastewater Treatment Plant and Reuse Facility in Madrid) Facility owned by Canal De Isabel II Gestion (integral water Cycle Management Company, Region of Madrid.).

80 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 ADMINISTRATION

4 ADMINISTRATION

4.1 Organisation Shri Bharatsinh Solanki assumed charge as the Minister of State (I/C) of the Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation on 29.10.2012 and continues to function as such. Shri Pankaj Jain, IAS (JK: 78) took over the charge of the post of Secretary, Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation w.e.f. 01.10.2012 and continues as such. Shri T.M. Vijay Bhasker, IAS (KN: 83) continued in the charge of the post of Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation till 14.05.2013. Shri Saraswati Prasad, IAS (AM: 85) Stook over the charge of the post of Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation w.e.f. 10.12.2012 and continues as such. Shri Satyabrata Sahu, IAS (ODISHA-91) took over the charge of the post of Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation w.e.f. 20.05.2013 and continues as such.

4.2 O & M Activities There is no separate O & M Unit formed in the Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation so far. However, emphasis was laid on sound Records Management to ensure optimum utilization of scarce space available and quick retrieval of information.

4.3 Vigilance and Grievances Redressal Machinery The work of vigilance is being handled by Vigilance Cell. This cell is also entrusted with the work relating to suspension cases, vigilance cases and disciplinary cases of officials in the Ministry. Vigilance Cell also furnishes vigilance clearance and NOCs for passports etc., PARs and APARs, in respect of staff members of the Ministry. Monitoring and maintenance of APARs, Annual Immovable Property Returns are also entrusted to Vigilance Cell. APAR dossiers in respect of officials in the Ministry are being regularly updated and kept in safe custody. Petitions received through CPGRAMS programme, are being taken care of online. As per the CPGRAMS portal of the Government of India, 385 grievances have been received out of which 275 have been disposed of during the year 2013-2014 (up to 31.12.2013) indicating 71% disposal of the grievances received under CPGRAMS.

4.4 Activities relating to Official Language Hindi 1. Official Language Implementation Committee (OLIC) was constituted in the year 2013 with a view to accelerate the pace of use of official language Hindi in the Ministry. Joint Secretary

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 83 (Admn.) is the chairman of this Committee. Two meetings were organized on 2nd July 2013 and 30th October 2013 under the Chairmanship of JS(Admn).

2. Parliamentary committee on Official Language inspected the Ministry on 13th January 2014 on the basis of progress of implementation of official language Hindi in the Ministry. To overcome the shortcomings observed during the course of the inspection, a meeting was held under the chairmanship of JS(Admn.) wherein it was emphasized to take up effective and concrete steps by all officers and staff of the Ministry. 3. Hindi fortnight was organized in the Ministry from 16th September 2013 to 30th September 2013 wherein Hindi competitions were held. Officers and subordinate staff participated in these competitions enthusiastically. During the fortnight eight competitions – Hindi noting, drafting, script writing, Hindi essay, easy translation, dictation, Hindi typing, Hindi elocution, Hindi quiz and Hindi poem recitation - were held. The winners of these competitions were given cash prizes and certificates by Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.

4.5 Public Procurement Policy Under this Ministry at least 20% of the total annual procurement of goods and services are being taken from the Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) and within this mandated percentage, sub-target of 4% procurement is to be made from MSEs owned by SC/ST entrepreneurs is also being taken into consideration.

84 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 85

ANNEXURES

Annexure-I Target and Achievement of habitations and rural Schools under National Rural Drinking Water Programme during 2012-13 Target Achievements Sl. State/UT Partially Quality Partially Quality No of Rural No Total Total covered Affected covered affected Schools 1 Andhra Pradesh 5096 170 5266 5520 179 5699 5967 2 Bihar 8915 6100 15015 7165 3795 10960 3319 3 Chattisgarh 5973 4589 10562 7222 1889 9111 2906 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Gujarat 795 225 1020 1627 229 1856 603 6 Haryana 940 10 950 889 6 895 103 7 Himachal Pradesh 2530 0 2530 2650 0 2650 245 8 Jammu and Kashmir 1042 25 1067 1130 23 1153 1779 9 Jharkhand 16157 389 16546 17046 289 17335 672 10 Karnataka 6027 2218 8245 11261 2023 13284 3134 11 Kerala 635 61 696 640 28 668 8 12 Madhya Pradesh 16150 835 16985 16534 949 17483 5124 13 Maharashtra 4980 774 5754 4058 579 4637 114 14 Orissa 6709 2407 9116 17347 2137 19484 2419 15 Punjab 1440 33 1473 611 6 617 14 16 1069 1500 2569 2453 1490 3943 1719 17 Tamil Nadu 6396 64 6460 7130 73 7203 3102 18 Uttar Pradesh 23150 850 24000 23299 428 23727 0 19 Uttarakhand 1075 0 1075 981 2 983 291 20 West Bengal 846 1623 2469 3395 841 4236 1123 21 Arunachal Pradesh 292 0 292 358 0 358 796 22 Assam 3693 3537 7230 3775 3335 7110 1276 23 Manipur 250 0 250 197 0 197 291 24 Meghalaya 540 40 580 497 13 510 895 25 Mizoram 57 0 57 5 0 5 0 26 Nagaland 71 30 101 128 50 178 1360 27 Sikkim 270 0 270 101 0 101 15 28 Tripura 18 1034 1052 285 1038 1323 600 29 Andaman and Nicobar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 Chandigarh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

31 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

32 Daman and Diu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 Delhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry 23 7 30 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 115139 26521 141660 136304 19402 155706 37875

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 89 Annexure -II Target and Achievement of habitations and rural Schools under NRDWP during 2013-14

Target Achievements Sl. Number of State / UT Partially Quality Partially Quality No. Total Total Rural Schools Covered affected Covered affected 1 Andhra Pradesh 5581 217 5798 5615 326 5941 4815 2 Arunachal Pradesh 285 19 304 129 4 133 351 3 Assam 4050 3125 7175 3666 1766 5432 675 4 Bihar 9000 4832 13832 6774 3481 10255 3286 5 Chhattisgarh 8100 2600 10700 10113 1603 11716 466 6 Goa 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 875 175 1050 3512 159 3671 322 8 Haryana 807 11 818 592 4 596 160 9 Himachal Pradesh 2500 0 2500 2578 2578 1 10 Jammu & Kashmir 948 7 955 653 653 1961 11 Jharkhand 12024 108 12132 12518 28 12546 536 12 Karnataka 7700 2678 10378 14730 1916 16646 5286 13 Kerala 774 150 924 321 35 356 0 14 M.P. 11300 1750 13050 12092 768 12860 6171 15 Maharashtra 4136 577 4713 3680 365 4045 156 16 Manipur 250 0 250 172 172 236 17 Meghalaya 559 57 616 413 38 451 346 18 Mizoram 45 0 45 26 26 0 19 Nagaland 34 51 85 120 29 149 3 20 Orissa 10873 2627 13500 13398 1264 14662 757 21 Punjab 1529 410 1939 925 23 948 33 22 Rajasthan 1590 1400 2990 2402 596 2998 270 23 Sikkim 200 0 200 68 68 43 24 Tamilnadu 5460 540 6000 5539 184 5723 12 25 Tripura 28 1150 1178 436 684 1120 141 26 Uttar Pradesh 24000 1000 25000 10417 160 10577 0 27 Uttarakhand 1073 10 1083 978 10 988 14 28 West Bengal 2755 1845 4600 2556 483 3039 1145 29 A & N Islands 0 0 0 30 Dadra Nagar Haveli 0 0 0 31 Daman & Diu 0 0 0 32 Delhi 0 0 0 33 Lakshadweep 0 0 0 34 Puducherry 17 6 23 35 Chandigarh 0 0 0 Total 116493 25345 141838 114423 13926 128349 27186

90 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Annexure-III-A State / UT wise financial progress under National Rural Drinking Water Programme for the year 2012-13 Opening Balance, Allocation, Release and Expenditure (towards coverge only)

S. No State/UT O. B. Allocation Release Expenditure 1 ANDHRA PR 301.3 563.39 485.14 672.82 2 BIHAR 285.65 484.24 224.3 293.09 3 CHHATTISGARH 80.82 168.89 148.64 162.85 4 GOA 5.91 6.07 0.03 0 5 GUJARAT 327.59 578.29 717.47 797.93 6 HARYANA 43.98 250.24 313.41 275.54 7 HIMACHAL PR 61.94 153.59 129.9 124.06 8 J & K 147.04 510.76 474.5 488.09 9 JHARKHAND 74.31 191.86 243.43 204.87 10 KARNATAKA 213.14 922.67 869.24 874.78 11 KERALA 16.08 193.59 249.04 193.62 12 MADHYA PR 35.82 447.33 539.56 426.56 13 MAHARASHTRA 320.1 897.96 846.48 614.32 14 ORISSA 84.34 243.91 210.58 249.39 15 PUNJAB 3 101.9 144.27 121.22 16 RAJASTHAN 319.68 1352.54 1411.36 1314.18 17 TAMILNADU 240.27 394.82 570.17 625 18 UTTAR PR 159.9 1060.87 980.06 600.77 19 UTTARAKHAND 141.74 159.74 74.28 139.62 20 WEST BENGAL 265.96 523.53 502.36 574.54 21 ARUNACHAL PR 9.21 145.32 223.22 220.98 22 ASSAM 127.51 525.71 659.21 594.02 23 MANIPUR 9.29 69.99 66.21 59.11 24 MEGHALAYA 36.83 73.96 97.61 101.44 25 MIZORAM 9.74 48.35 47.92 32.87 26 NAGALAND 1.1 110.25 110.2 108.56 27 SIKKIM 49.71 36.69 32.36 38.89 28 TRIPURA 4.03 70.66 100.59 99.36 29 A&N ISLANDS 0 1.15 0.78 0 30 CHANDIGARH 0 0 0 0 31 D&N HAVELI 0 0 0 0 32 DAMAN & DIU 0 0 0 0 33 DELHI 0 0 0 0 34 LAKSHADWEEP 0 0 0 0 35 PONDICHERRY 0 1.75 0.88 0 Total 3375.99 10290.02 10473.2 10008.48

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 91 Annexure-III-B State/UT financial progress under NRDWP for the year 2013-14 * Opening Balance, Allocation, Release, Expenditure S.N. STATE/UT Opening Balance Allocation ** Release*** 1 ANDHRA PRADESH 113.62 635.44 631.52 2 BIHAR 217.82 432.38 338.95 3 CHATTISGARH 67.61 136.13 135.20 4 GOA 5.95 5.50 - 5 GUJARAT 247.13 533.73 515.07 6 HARYANA 85.59 229.46 229.52 7 HIMACHAL PRADESH 67.78 138.51 130.81 8 JAMMU AND KASHMIR 141.95 462.43 414.82 9 JHARKHAND 122.36 172.85 243.29 10 KARNATAKA 256.64 868.75 897.29 11 KERALA 93.31 155.58 212.04 12 MADHYA PRADESH 148.82 404.80 474.95 13 MAHARASHTRA 553.97 788.47 690.27 14 ORISSA 67.61 227.35 317.07 15 PUNJAB 26.04 96.89 147.95 16 RAJASTHAN 416.86 1,231.05 1,332.49 17 TAMIL NADU 185.44 273.63 387.11 18 UTTAR PRADESH 539.18 923.19 794.93 19 UTTARAKHAND 76.41 145.58 87.61 20 WEST BENGAL 475.03 490.63 485.83 21 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 11.46 201.23 237.32 22 ASSAM 199.82 470.00 514.98 23 MANIPUR 16.38 58.76 55.30 24 MEGHALAYA 34.12 92.18 103.40 25 MIZORAM 24.78 38.42 44.89 26 NAGALAND 3.69 56.66 61.07 27 SIKKIM 44.95 16.88 26.56 28 TRIPURA 6.27 59.29 89.93 29 ANDAMAN and NICOBAR 0.78 1.04 0.09 30 PUDUCHERRY 0.88 1.59 0.06 Total 4,252.25 9,348.40 9,600.32 * Data as on 31.03.2014 * *Allocation including MDI of Rs 886.59 Crore *** Release includes MDI release and additional funds released to States # Expenditure reporting under progress from States ## Total utilisation was Rs. 9697.27 crore including expenditure at the HQ 92 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Annexure-IV NIRMAL BHARAT ABHIYAN (NBA) PHYSICAL PROGRESS UNDER NBA DURING 2012-13

S.N. State Name IHHL IHHL IHHL Sanitary School Anganwadi (BPL) (APL) Total Comp Toilets Toilets 1 ANDHRA PRADESH 324735 59544 384279 12 4199 1574 2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 4775 985 5760 35 0 8 3 ASSAM 177008 96232 273240 11 77 76 4 BIHAR 560678 236021 796699 214 17009 4822 5 CHHATTISGARH 30222 21823 52045 24 1387 220 6 D & N HAVELI 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 GOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 GUJARAT 34927 137050 171977 7 4666 451 9 HARYANA 17435 45514 62949 11 148 315 10 HIMACHAL PRADES H 1275 3908 5183 163 1215 1066 11 JAMMU & KASHMIR 50589 21311 71900 127 2011 76 12 JHARKHAND 39702 8798 48500 43 613 684 13 KARNATAKA 203399 93030 296429 131 1758 687 14 KERALA 5674 0 5674 49 34 322 15 MADHYA PRADESH 339282 218907 558189 88 1033 804 16 MAHARASHTRA 92103 97203 189306 728 159 5800 17 MANIPUR 32208 11709 43917 11 0 53 18 MEGHALAYA 11955 2451 14406 36 1603 130 19 MIZORAM 4655 312 4967 12 106 219 20 NAGALAND 18630 3519 22149 7 28 20 21 ORISSA 85870 32448 118318 8 1138 956 22 PUDUCHERRY 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 PUNJAB 43101 14320 57421 34 345 620 24 RAJASTHAN 81700 171100 252800 70 15511 3421 25 SIKKIM 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 TAMIL NADU 243966 80250 324216 27 3095 2076 27 TRIPURA 4569 2466 7035 0 412 2 28 UTTAR PRADESH 45359 89514 134873 34 30 80 29 UTTARAKHAND 37554 60261 97815 14 344 19 30 WEST BENGAL 428448 130667 559115 99 19475 12176 Total 2919819 1639343 4559162 1995 76396 36677

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 93 Annexure-V NIRMAL BHARAT ABHIYAN (NBA) PHYSICAL PROGRESS UNDER NBA DURING 2013-2014(Upto Dec, 2013)

S.N. State Name IHHL IHHL IHHL Sanitary School Anganwadi (BPL) (APL) Total Comp Toilets Toilets 1 ANDHRA PRADESH 194944 5401 200345 13 3377 1930 2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 7924 497 8421 26 30 110 3 ASSAM 71066 17991 89057 0 436 113 4 BIHAR 80805 47428 128233 21 4274 1243 5 CHHATTISGARH 21764 14684 36448 5 0 18 6 D & N HAVELI 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 GOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 GUJARAT 16126 81490 97616 1 812 321 9 HARYANA 27485 57088 84573 4 206 124 10 HIMACHAL PRADESH 1499 5719 7218 57 206 16 11 JAMMU & KASHMIR 30859 8948 39807 16 258 0 12 JHARKHAND 27142 15591 42733 11 290 71 13 KARNATAKA 204714 75180 279894 35 341 455 14 KERALA 13455 300 13755 18 172 32 15 MADHYA PRADESH 137594 117248 254842 65 58 351 16 MAHARASHTRA 94811 177426 272237 161 20 307 17 MANIPUR 15685 8684 24369 12 0 0 18 MEGHALAYA 7166 773 7939 6 635 103 19 MIZORAM 3529 584 4113 13 481 28 20 NAGALAND 19868 0 19868 12 508 258 21 ORISSA 17002 3989 20991 18 303 26 22 PUDUCHERRY 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 PUNJAB 1597 2315 3912 0 0 0 24 RAJASTHAN 55530 92590 148120 62 6175 4396 25 SIKKIM 3389 54 3443 192 166 100 26 TAMIL NADU 94939 34116 129055 46 448 430 27 TRIPURA 4985 43 5028 44 65 871 28 UTTAR PRADESH 144897 379320 524217 7 30 17 29 UTTARAKHAND 18431 40858 59289 3 121 13 30 WEST BENGAL 228292 174648 402940 110 5246 3483 Total 1545498 1362965 2908463 958 24658 14816

94 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Annexure-VI NIRMAL BHARAT ABHIYAN (NBA) State-wise, Cumulative Financial progress (Rs. in crore)

State Approved- Centre-Release Centre-Exp % Exp. against Centre share released

ANDHRA PRADESH 1147.67 783.54 633.87 80.90 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 46.62 38.81 34.75 89.53 ASSAM 652.48 556.20 485.10 87.22 BIHAR 1978.41 1131.28 864.56 76.42 CHHATTISGARH 455.97 340.80 281.61 82.63 D & N HAVELI 0.81 0.03 0.02 53.02 GOA 6.35 1.72 1.50 87.01 GUJARAT 439.25 374.34 336.73 89.95 HARYANA 139.23 236.96 125.09 52.79 HIMACHAL PRADESH 131.18 112.42 88.10 78.37 JAMMU & KASHMIR 283.74 150.61 125.73 83.48 JHARKHAND 604.85 343.62 236.36 68.78 KARNATAKA 700.77 479.25 397.81 83.01 KERALA 118.74 116.45 113.48 97.45 MADHYA PRADESH 1130.87 1229.25 999.24 81.29 MAHARASHTRA 977.72 686.60 631.17 91.93 MANIPUR 79.09 69.46 53.41 76.90 MEGHALAYA 95.63 132.35 94.67 71.53 MIZORAM 43.32 34.44 32.06 93.09 NAGALAND 56.07 54.19 53.06 97.92 ORISSA 1045.09 516.77 368.57 71.32 PUDUCHERRY 4.82 0.95 0.79 83.37 PUNJAB 151.40 29.22 18.95 64.86 RAJASTHAN 690.97 428.57 316.59 73.87 SIKKIM 13.39 15.15 14.93 98.53 TAMIL NADU 693.66 762.88 676.08 88.62 TRIPURA 61.20 70.81 56.70 80.08 UTTAR PRADESH 1921.72 2042.07 1758.04 86.09 UTTARAKHAND 99.93 83.12 75.61 90.96 WEST BENGAL 1118.00 816.74 726.20 88.91 TOTAL :- 14888.92 11638.59 9600.76 82.49

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 95 Annexure-VII Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) State-wise release position during the year 2012-13 As on 31.03.2013 (Rs. in lakhs) S.No. Name of State Release 1 ANDHRA PRADESH 15022.69 2 BIHAR 47814.57 3 CHATTISGARH 5731.57 4 GOA 0.00 5 GUJARAT 3949.42 6 HARYANA 0.00 7 HIMACHAL PRADESH 1666.96 8 JAMMU & KASHMIR 3511.01 9 JHARKHAND 4193.31 10 KARNATAKA 15950.81 11 KERALA 0.00 12 MADHYA PRADESH 25779.96 13 MAHARASHTRA 12409.22 14 ORISSA 0.00 15 PUNJAB 0.00 16 RAJASTHAN 13770.97 17 TAMILNADU 12811.68 18 UTTAR PRADESH 25684.74 19 UTTARAKHAND 2541.96 20 WEST BENGAL 30638.14 Sub total 221477.01 21 ARUNACHAL PR. 986.92 22 ASSAM 11943.31 23 MANIPUR 3509.18 24 MEGHALAYA 2540.01 25 MIZORAM 497.48 26 NAGALAND 2302.68 27 SIKKIM 159.47 28 TRIPURA 430.47 Sub total 22369.52 29 HRD 141.78 30 IEC 3300.00 31 MIS 7.85 32 Research 22.52 33 M&E 11.07 34 NGP(Agencies paid) 0.00 Sub total 3483.22 Grand Total 247329.75

96 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Annexure-VIII Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) State-wise release position during the year 2013-14 As on 31.12.2013 (Rs. in lakhs) S.N. Name of State Release 1 Andhra Pradesh 1175.60 2 Bihar 0.00 3 Chhattisgarh 0.00 4 Goa 0.00 5 Gujarat 3794.17 6 Haryana 13117.51 7 Himachal Pradesh 3049.74 8 Jammu & Kashmir 3957.20 9 Jharkhand 0.00 10 Karnataka 0.00 11 Kerala 2150.60 12 Madhya Pradesh 33019.44 13 Maharashtra 1149.10 14 Odisha 0.00 15 Punjab 0.00 16 Rajasthan 0.00 17 Tamil Nadu 23394.23 18 Uttar Pradesh 37631.58 19 Uttara Khand 148.07 20 West Bengal 7397.65 21 Dadra & Haveli 0.00 22 Pondicherry 0.00 SUB TOTAL 129984.89 23 Arunachal Pr. 0.00 24 Assam 2571.26 25 Manipur 0.00 26 Meghalaya 5151.82 27 Mizoram 402.94 28 Nagaland 0.00 29 Sikkim 825.06 30 Tripura 1401.41 Sub total 10352.49 31 HRD 0.00 32 IEC 4402.42 33 MIS 6.30 34 R & D 0.00 35 M&E 0.00 36 NGP 13.40 Sub total 4422.12 Grand Total 144759.50

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 97 Annexure-IX Year-wise NGP awarded PRIs

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 S.N. State Name GP BP ZP GP BP ZP GP BP ZP GP BP ZP GP BP ZP GP BP ZP GP BP ZP

ANDHRA 1 0 0 0 10 0 0 143 0 0 662 1 0 272 0 0 44 0 0 142 0 0 PRADESH

ARUNACHAL 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 8 0 0 3 0 0 14 0 0 PRADESH

3 ASSAM 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 14 0 0 6 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 0

4 BIHAR 0 0 0 4 0 0 39 1 0 155 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 6 0 0

5 CHHATTISGARH 0 0 0 12 0 0 90 0 0 300 0 0 119 0 0 172 0 0 124 0 0

6 GUJARAT 1 0 0 4 0 0 576 0 0 739 0 0 350 0 0 189 0 0 422 0 0

7 HARYANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 0 0 798 1 0 131 0 0 259 0 0 330 0 0

HIMACHAL 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 245 1 0 253 0 0 168 0 0 323 0 0 PRADESH

JAMMU & 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 KASHMIR

10 JHARKHAND 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 142 0 0 71 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 KARNATAKA 0 0 0 0 0 0 121 0 0 479 1 0 245 3 0 121 0 0 103 2 1

12 KERALA 1 0 0 6 0 0 220 6 0 600 84 4 43 15 2 103 1 0 7 11 2

MADHYA 13 0 0 0 1 0 0 190 0 0 682 0 0 639 0 0 344 0 0 212 0 0 PRADESH

14 MAHARASHTRA 13 0 0 380 1 0 1974 0 0 4300 2 0 1720 6 0 694 0 0 442 2 0

15 MANIPUR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 MEGHALAYA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 52 0 0 160 0 0 365 0 0

17 MIZORAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 8 0 0 20 0 0 5 0 0 53 0 0

18 NAGALAND 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 42 0 0 23 0 0 17 0 0

19 ORISSA 0 0 0 8 0 0 33 0 0 94 0 0 20 0 0 81 0 0 48 0 0

20 PUNJAB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 74 0 0 51 0 0 19 0 0

21 RAJASTHAN 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 141 0 0 43 0 0 82 0 0 32 0 0

22 SIKKIM 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 137 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

23 TAMIL NADU 12 1 0 119 0 0 296 0 0 1474 5 0 196 0 0 237 0 0 51 0 0

24 TRIPURA 1 0 0 36 0 0 46 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 UTTAR PRADESH 0 0 0 40 0 0 488 0 0 492 0 0 6 0 0 13 0 0 41 0 0

26 UTTARAKHAND 0 0 0 13 0 0 109 0 0 160 0 0 136 0 0 44 0 0 63 0 0

27 WEST BENGAL 10 1 0 126 8 0 468 7 0 328 17 0 109 4 0 0 0 0 36 0 0

Total :- 38 2 0 760 9 0 4945 14 0 12038 112 8 4556 28 2 2808 1 0 2857 15 3

98 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Annexure-X Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) DETAILED IHHL PROGRESS REPORT UPTO 31.12-2013

S.N. State Objective IHHL BPL Achievement Share in Total BPL Achievement BPL TOTAL SC ST % SC % ST 1 ANDHRA PRADESH 6636229 5869371 1024882 343066 17.46 5.85 2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 115560 82112 0 71109 0.00 86.60 3 ASSAM 2220017 1754173 123042 227354 7.01 12.96 4 BIHAR 6195779 3533442 665836 24000 18.84 0.68 5 CHHATTISGARH 1568600 1120282 94493 338157 8.43 30.18 6 D & N HAVELI 2480 37 0 37 0.00 100.00 7 GOA 17935 17031 92 562 0.54 3.30 8 GUJARAT 2046857 2034325 249880 681518 12.28 33.50 9 HARYANA 636940 657626 306533 0 46.61 0.00 10 HIMACHAL PRADESH 218167 251545 83859 33531 33.34 13.33 11 JAMMU & KASHMIR 703071 347044 10957 35560 3.16 10.25 12 JHARKHAND 2327306 1467142 207798 403997 14.16 27.54 13 KARNATAKA 2889224 2404508 474143 253515 19.72 10.54 14 KERALA 961831 996995 123886 19462 12.43 1.95 15 MADHYA PRADESH 3614346 3655817 837412 1106359 22.91 30.26 16 MAHARASHTRA 3623439 2844097 483262 548980 16.99 19.30 17 MANIPUR 194887 144560 637 83603 0.44 57.83 18 MEGHALAYA 216333 171813 0 161820 0.00 94.18 19 MIZORAM 89903 84079 0 84029 0.00 99.94 20 NAGALAND 180092 142717 0 142717 0.00 100.00 21 ORISSA 4485050 2791746 640836 707665 22.95 25.35 22 PUDUCHERRY 18000 2268 657 0 28.97 0.00 23 PUNJAB 623198 253798 139578 3 55.00 0.00 24 RAJASTHAN 1960903 1162353 255832 333524 22.01 28.69 25 SIKKIM 51302 61493 11741 23076 19.09 37.53 26 TAMIL NADU 4422133 4255099 1180377 64967 27.74 1.53 27 TRIPURA 454757 455057 87983 179529 19.33 39.45 28 UTTAR PRADESH 8303794 8060135 2751604 25179 34.14 0.31 29 UTTARAKHAND 441631 394723 98052 12634 24.84 3.20 30 WEST BENGAL 6619158 6020669 1977189 544408 32.84 9.04 GRAND TOTAL 61838922 51036057 11830561 6450361 23.18 12.64

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 99 XI - 15 STs - - - - - Annexure - 14 SCs - - - - By DeputationBy 1 13 Total - 1 - 1 - - 12 STs - - - - - 11 SCs - - - - By Promotion By - 10 Total - - - - - 9 OBCs - - - - - 8 STs - - - - Number of appointments made during the calendar year 2013 year calendar the during made appointments of Number Recruitment Direct By - 7 SCs - - - - - 1 - 6 Total - - - - 1 5 OBCs 1 2 4 - - Representation of SCs/STs/OBCs (As on 1-1-2014) on (As SCs/STs/OBCs of Representation MINISTRY OF DRINKING WATER & SANITATION & WATER DRINKING OF MINISTRY 1 4 STs 3 3 7 - - 1 3 SCs 4 3 8 - - Representation of SCs/STs/OBCs (As on 1 - (As on Representation of SCs/STs/OBCs 2014) 19 2 Total number number Total employees of 19 40 78 - - YEAR AND NUMBER OF APPOINTMENT MADE DURING THE PRECEDING CALENDAR YEAR 2013 YEAR CALENDAR PRECEDING THE DURING MADE OF APPOINTMENT NUMBER AND YEAR 1 Groups TOTAL Group C Group Group B Group Group A Group Group D D Group Group D D Group ANNUAL STATEMENT SHOWING THE REPRESENTATION OF SCs, STs AND OBCs AS ON FIRST JANUARY OF THE THE OF FIRSTON AS OBCs AND JANUARY STs SCs, OF REPRESENTATION THE SHOWING STATEMENT ANNUAL Sweepers) ) (Sweepers (Excluding (Excluding

100 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 XII OH 17 - - - HH 16 - - - - Annexure VH 15 - - - In Identified In Identified Posts 14 - - - No. of appointments made appointments of No. PROMOTION Total 13 - - - OH 12 - - - HH 11 - - - reserved No. of vacancies vacancies of No. VH 10 - - - OH 9 - - - HH 8 - - - VH 7 - - - No. of appointments made appointments of No. In Identified In Identified Posts 6 - - - MINISTRY OF DRINKING WATER & SANITATION & WATER DRINKING OF MINISTRY Total 5 - - - DIRECT RECRUITMENT DIRECT OH 4 - - - reserved HH 3 - - - No. of vacancies vacancies of No. VH 2 - - - disabilities can be promoted to such posts, provided the concerned post is identified suitable for personsidentified is disabilities. with suitable post concerned the for provided posts, such to promoted be can disabilities STATEMENT SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES APPOINTED DURING THE YEAR 2013 YEAR THE DURING APPOINTED DISABILITIES WITH PERSONS OF NUMBER THE SHOWING STATEMENT GROUP 1 Group A Group Group B Group Group C Group GrandTotal

Note: (i) Note: vision) low or blindness (personsHandicapped from Visually suffering stands VH for (ii) impairment) hearing (personsHandicapped Hearing from suffering stands HH for (iii) palsy) cerebral or disability Orthopedically locomotors OH stands(personsHandicapped from for suffering (iv) persons with However, posts. A and B Group to case of promotion in no reservation is persons disabilities with There for

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Annexure-XIII 104 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14

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114 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Annexure-XIV

Government of India R F D (Results-Framework Document) for

Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation

(2013-2014)

Generated on 21/06/2013 5.08 PM Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation-(2013-2014)

Section 1: Vision, Mission, Objectives and Functions Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation-(2013-2014) Vision Safe drinking water and improved sanitation for all, at all times, in rural India. Section 1: Mission Vision, Mission, Objectives and Functions

Vision To ensure all rural households have access to and use safe and sustainable drinking water and improved sanitation Safe drinking water and improved sanitation for all, at all times, in rural India. facilities by providing support to States in their endeavour to provide these basic facilities and services. Mission

Objectives To ensure all rural households have access to and use safe and sustainable drinking water and improved sanitation facilities by providing support to States in their endeavour to provide these basic facilities and services.

1 Enable all rural households to have access to and use adequate safe drinking water

2 Enable all households to have access to and use toilets; Objectives 3 Ensure all government schools and anganwadis have functional toilets, urinals and access to safe drinking water;

4 Ensuring Sustainability of Drinking Water Sources and Systems 1 Enable all rural households to have access to and use adequate safe drinking water 5 Provide enabling environment for Panchayati Raj Institutions, Gram Panchayats/Village Water & Sanitation Commitees, other local 2 Enablecommunities, all households Self Help to Groupshave access and other to and groups use toilets; to manage their own drinking water sources and systems, and sanitation in their villages

3 Ensure all government schools and anganwadis have functional toilets, urinals and access to safe drinking water; 6 Provide access to information through online reporting mechanism with information placed in public domain to bring in transperency and 4 Ensuringinformed Sustainabilitydecision making of Drinking process. Water Sources and Systems

57 ProvideEnable ruralenabling communities environment to monitor for Panchayati and keep Raj surveillance Institutions, onGram their Panchayats/Village drinking water sources; Water & Sanitation Commitees, other local communities, Self Help Groups and other groups to manage their own drinking water sources and systems, and sanitation in their villages

Functions6 Provide access to information through online reporting mechanism with information placed in public domain to bring in transperency and informed decision making process. 7 Enable rural communities to monitor and keep surveillance on their drinking water sources; 1 Planning, providing financial and technical support to the States and monitoring of Centrally sponsored programmes for safe drinking water & Sanitation in rural areas.

Functions2 Conduct periodic performance reviews with all States

3 Supporting R&D initiatives, IEC and HRD activities for all stakeholders in drinking water and sanitation sector; 1 Planning, providing financial and technical support to the States and monitoring of Centrally sponsored programmes for safe drinking 4 waterProviding & Sanitation support into ruralStates areas. in the wake of natural calamities to mitigate drinking water and sanitation problems in rural areas

2 Conduct periodic performance reviews with all States 5 Building partnerships and synergizing efforts with other sector partners, organizations, UN and bilateral agencies, NGOs, R&D 3 Supportinginstitutions, R&D Key initiatives,Resource IECCenters and HRDand civil activities society for in all our stakeholders common endeavour in drinking to water ensure and access sanitation to safe sector; drinking water and sanitation for rural communities 4 Providing support to States in the wake of natural calamities to mitigate drinking water and sanitation problems in rural areas 6 Enabling States in resource mobilization from external funding agencies.

5 Building partnerships and synergizing efforts with other sector partners, organizations, UN and bilateral agencies, NGOs, R&D institutions, Key Resource Centers and civil society in our common endeavour to ensure access to safe drinking water and sanitation for rural communities

6 Enabling States in resource mobilization from external funding agencies. Generated on 21/06/2013 5.08 PM

Page : 2 of 30 116 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Generated on 21/06/2013 5.08 PM

Page : 2 of 30 Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation-(2013-2014)

Section 1: Vision, Mission, Objectives and Functions

7 Technical support to States through seminars, interactions, documentation of best practices and innovations Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation-(2013-2014) 8 Provide inputs and comments to other Departments / Ministries in EFC/Cabinet Note or in meetings for formulation of their policies.

9 Formulate and review the Demand for Grant of the Department,Section respond 1: to Audit observations, VIP references, and administrative functions of the MinistryVision, Mission, Objectives and Functions 10 Enabling recognition and award to Panchayats for excellent work in rural drinking water and sanitation.

7 Technical support to States through seminars, interactions, documentation of best practices and innovations

8 Provide inputs and comments to other Departments / Ministries in EFC/Cabinet Note or in meetings for formulation of their policies.

9 Formulate and review the Demand for Grant of the Department, respond to Audit observations, VIP references, and administrative functions of the Ministry

10 Enabling recognition and award to Panchayats for excellent work in rural drinking water and sanitation.

Generated on 21/06/2013 5.08 PM

Page : 3 of 30

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 117

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Page : 3 of 30 60 30 2.25 2.00 1700 47000 14000 32000 Poor 60% 70 35 2.50 2.25 1900 54000 16000 34000 Fair 70% 80 40 2.75 2.50 2100 61000 18000 36000 Good 80% 90 50 3.00 2.75 2300 68000 19000 38000 90% Very Good 99 60 3.25 3.00 2500 75000 22000 40000 100% Excellent Target / Criteria Value 0.50 4.00 3.00 1.50 1.50 2.00 4.00 2.00 Weight Unit No No Nos. in crore Nos No in Lakhs No % No in Lakhs 21/06/2013 5.08 PM Success Indicator Number of partially covered habitations with adequate safe water supply Number of Quality- affected habitations covered with adequate safe water supply Rural population covered with piped water supply Rural Habitations covered with Piped Water Supply Provision of individual pipe connections No of habitations covered in IAP districts with Solar based piped water supply Time frame for funds released 40% - 30 Sept, 67% - 31 Dec, 85 % - 28 Feb, 99% - 31 Mar Number of toilets constructed [1.1.1] [1.2.1] [1.3.1] [1.4.1] [1.5.1] [1.6.1] [1.7.1] [2.1.1] Section 2: Page : 4 of 30 Generated on Action Coverage of Partially covered habitations Coverage of Quality- affected habitations Coverage of population with Piped Water Supply Coverage of Habitations with Piped Water Supply Coverage of Households with Piped Water Supply Coverage of Habitations in IAP districts with Solar Power based Piped Water Supply Release of BE plan allocation under NRDWP Construction of household toilets [1.1] [1.2] [1.3] [1.4] [1.5] [1.6] [1.7] [2.1] 16.50 10.00 Weight Inter se Priorities among Key Objectives, Success indicators and Targets Objective Enable all rural households to have access to and use adequate safe drinking water Enable all households to have access and use toilets; [1] [2] Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

118 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 60 0.42 3000 3000 12000 12000 10000 11000 100000 Poor 60% 70 0.49 3500 3500 14000 14000 15000 12000 125000 Fair 70% 80 0.56 4000 4000 16000 20000 16000 13000 150000 Good 80% 90 0.63 4500 4500 18000 18000 25000 14000 175000 90% Very Good 99 0.70 5000 5000 20000 30000 20000 15000 200000 100% Excellent Target / Criteria Value 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 4.00 2.00 1.00 Weight Unit No in Lakh No Nos No % No No No No 21/06/2013 5.08 PM Success Indicator Number of schools units covered Number of sustainability structures constructed No of Sanitary complex constructed No of GPs attaining Nirmal Status Time frame for funds released 40% -30 Sept, 67% - 31st Dec, 85% - 28 Feb, 99% - 31 Mar Number of Anganwadis covered Number of schools covered Number of piped water supply schemes handed over to Panchayats Number of VWSC and PRI members trained [2.2.1] [2.3.1] [2.4.1] [3.1.1] [3.2.1] [3.3.1] [4.1.1] [4.2.1] [4.3.1] Section 2: Page : 5 of 30 Generated on Action Construction of Toilet blocks - No of School units covered Construction of sustainability structures. Construction of Sanitary complex Adoption of Community Saturation approach for Nirmal Gram Release of BE plan allocation under NGP & NBA Construction of toilet blocks - No of Anganwadis covered Number of Schools covered with water supply Handing over of rural piped water supply schemes to panchayats. Training of VWSC and PRI members in managing drinking [2.2] [2.3] [2.4] [3.1] [3.2] [3.3] [4.1] [4.2] [4.3] 5.00 4.00 Weight Inter se Priorities among Key Objectives, Success indicators and Targets Objective Ensure all government schools and anganwadis have functional toilets, urinals and access to safe drinking water; Ensuring Sustainability of Drinking Water Sources and Systems [3] [4] Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 119 50 60 50 50 60 60000 Poor 60% 55 70 55 55 70 70000 Fair 70% 80 80 60 60 60 80000 Good 80% 70 90 70 70 90 90000 90% Very Good 96 96 80 80 80 100000 100% Excellent Target / Criteria Value 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 19.50 20.00 Weight Unit % No Score % % Score 21/06/2013 5.08 PM Success Indicator To be done by 31st May 2013 Number of persons trained Aggregate Score as per Table 3 To be done by 17th of following month To be done by 17th of following month Aggregate Score as per Table 2 [5.1.1] [5.2.1] [6.1.1] [6.2.1] [6.3.1] [7.1.1] Section 2: Page : 6 of 30 Generated on Action Online Data entry for Annual Plan Targets (All components) by 31st May 2013. Percentage of States entering data as per schdule. Training of Village level persons for water quality testing. water schemes. As per Table for Sanitation Programme (Table 3) RWS - Regular update of progress by 17th of each month. Percentage of Districts entering data as per schedule. Sanitation - Regular update of progress by 17th each month. Percentage of Districts entering data as per schedule. As per table for Water Supply Programme (Table 2) [5.1] [5.2] [6.1] [6.2] [6.3] [7.1] 4.00 6.00 39.50 Weight Inter se Priorities among Key Objectives, Success indicators and Targets Objective Provide enabling environment for Panchayati Raj Institutions, Gram Panchayats/Village Water & Sanitation Commitees, other local communities, Self Help Groups and other groups to manage their own drinking water sources and systems, and sanitation in their villages Provide access to information through online reporting mechanism with information placed in public domain to bring transperency and informed decision making process. Enable rural communities to monitor and keep surveillance on their drinking water sources; [5] [6] [7] Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

120 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 6 80 90 11 100 3.00 Poor 60% 07/05/2013 08/10/2013 11/03/2014 7 85 85 12 125 3.25 Fair 70% 06/05/2013 01/10/2013 08/03/2014 8 13 90 90 150 3.50 Good 80% 07/03/2014 03/05/2013 24/09/2013 9 95 95 14 175 3.75 90% 02/05/2013 17/09/2013 06/03/2014 Very Good 10 15 200 100 100 4.00 100% 05/03/2014 01/05/2013 10/09/2013 Excellent Target / Criteria Value 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Weight Unit Date % Date No in Lakhs Date % No in Lakh No in Lakhs No 21/06/2013 5.08 PM Success Indicator Number of quality tests done No of Habitations where source testing is done through labortary testing Number of quality tests done Number of labs set up On-time submission % of implementation Timely updation of the strategy On-time submission % of implementation [7.2.1] [7.3.1] [7.4.1] [7.5.1] Section 2: Page : 7 of 30 Generated on Action Number of water samples tested for quality at district and sub divisional levels. No of Habitations where atleast one source is tested Number of water samples tested for quality at Panchayat / village levels Number of sub-divisional labortaries set up. [7.2] [7.3] [7.4] [7.5] Timely submission of Results for 2012-13 Independent Audit of implementation of Public Grievance Redressal System Update departmental strategy to align with 12th Plan priorities Timely submission of Draft RFD 2014-15 for Approval Independent Audit of implementation of Citizens’/Clients’ Charter (CCC) 3.00 6.00 Weight Inter se Priorities among Key Objectives, Success indicators and Targets Objective Efficient Functioning of the RFD System Improving Internal Efficiency/Responsiveness/ Transparency/Service delivery of Ministry/Department * Mandatory Objective(s) * * Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 121 80 80 80 Poor 60% 20/11/2013 85 85 85 Fair 70% 10/11/2013 90 90 90 Good 80% 30/10/2013 95 95 95 90% 15/10/2013 Very Good 100 100 100 100% 01/10/2013 Excellent Target / Criteria Value 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 Weight Unit % % Date % 21/06/2013 5.08 PM Success Indicator % of implementation % of milestones achieved Timely submission % of implementation Section 2: Page : 8 of 30 Generated on Action Implement ISO 9001 as per the approved action plan Implement Innovation Action Plan (IAP) Identification of core and non- core activities of the Ministry/Department as per 2nd ARC recommendations Implement mitigating strategies for reducing potential risk of corruption 6.00 Weight Inter se Priorities among Key Objectives, Success indicators and Targets Objective Administrative Reforms * Mandatory Objective(s) * Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

122 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 99 60 5.0 3.25 2500 65000 18000 50000 Value for Projected FY 15/16 99 60 4.0 3.25 5000 70000 20000 45000 FY 14/15 Value for Projected 60 99 3.0 3.25 2500 40000 22000 75000 for FY 13/14 Target Value ------4.83 99.90 19397 117399 4813000 for FY 12/13 Actual Value 21/06/2013 5.09 PM ------100 88.06 22122 112898 for FY 11/12 Actual Value Generated on No in Lakhs % Unit No in Lakhs No Nos No No Nos. in crore Section 3: Page : 9 of 30 Number of toilets constructed Time frame for funds released 40% - 30 Sept, 67% - 31 Dec, 85 % - 28 Feb, 99% 31 Mar Provision of individual pipe connections No of habitations covered in IAP districts with Solar based piped water supply Rural Habitations covered with Piped Water Supply Number of Quality- affected habitations covered with adequate safe water supply Number of partially covered habitations with adequate safe water supply Rural population covered with piped water supply Success Indicator [1.1.1] [1.2.1] [1.3.1] [1.4.1] [1.5.1] [1.6.1] [1.7.1] [2.1.1] Trend Values of the Success Indicators Action Release of BE plan allocation under NRDWP Coverage of Partially covered habitations Coverage of Quality- affected habitations Coverage of population with Piped Water Supply Coverage of Habitations with Piped Water Supply Coverage of Households with Piped Water Supply Coverage of Habitations in IAP districts with Solar Power based Piped Water Supply Construction of household toilets [1.1] [1.2] [1.3] [1.4] [1.5] [1.6] [1.7] [2.1] Objective Enable all households to have access to and use toilets; Enable all rural households to have access to and use adequate safe drinking water [1] [2] Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 123 -- -- 99 0.80 5000 20000 20000 15000 Value for Projected FY 15/16 -- 99 0.80 5000 5000 20000 20000 15000 FY 14/15 Value for Projected 99 0.70 5000 5000 20000 30000 20000 15000 for FY 13/14 Target Value -- 99 0.80 22000 30000 20000 28919 113175 for FY 12/13 Actual Value 21/06/2013 5.09 PM -- 100 1.22 2857 28409 29605 35860 41091 for FY 11/12 Actual Value Generated on % Unit Nos No No No No No No in Lakh Section 3: Page : 10 of 30 Time frame for funds released 40% -30 Sept, 67% - 31st Dec, 85% - 28 Feb, 99% 31 Mar No of Sanitary complex constructed No of GPs attaining Nirmal Status Number of schools covered Number of Anganwadis covered Number of sustainability structures constructed Number of piped water supply schemes handed over to Panchayats Number of schools units covered Success Indicator [2.2.1] [2.3.1] [2.4.1] [3.1.1] [3.2.1] [3.3.1] [4.1.1] [4.2.1] Trend Values of the Success Indicators Action Construction of Sanitary complex Adoption of Community Saturation approach for Nirmal Gram Release of BE plan allocation under NGP & NBA Construction of Toilet blocks - No of School units covered Construction of toilet blocks - No of Anganwadis covered Number of Schools covered with water supply Construction of sustainability structures. Handing over of rural piped water supply schemes to panchayats. [2.2] [2.3] [2.4] [3.1] [3.2] [3.3] [4.1] [4.2] Objective Ensuring Sustainability of Drinking Water Sources and Systems Ensure all government schools and anganwadis have functional toilets, urinals and access to safe drinking water; [3] [4] Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

124 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 96 96 80 80 80 170000 Value for Projected FY 15/16 96 96 80 80 80 160000 FY 14/15 Value for Projected 96 80 80 80 96 200000 for FY 13/14 Target Value 95 89 80 80 100 456077 for FY 12/13 Actual Value 21/06/2013 5.09 PM 90 100 100 100 100 142161 for FY 11/12 Actual Value Generated on Score % % % Score Unit No Section 3: Page : 11 of 30 Aggregate Score as per Table 3 To be done by 31st May 2013 To be done by 17th of following month To be done by 17th of following month Aggregate Score as per Table 2 Number of VWSC and PRI members trained Success Indicator [4.3.1] [5.1.1] [5.2.1] [6.1.1] [6.2.1] [6.3.1] Trend Values of the Success Indicators Action Training of VWSC and PRI members in managing drinking water schemes. As per table for Water Supply Programme (Table 2) As per Table for Sanitation Programme (Table 3) Online Data entry for Annual Plan Targets (All components) by 31st May 2013. Percentage of States entering data as per schdule. RWS - Regular update of progress by 17th of each month. Percentage of Districts entering data as per schedule. Sanitation - Regular update of progress by 17th of each month. [4.3] [5.1] [5.2] [6.1] [6.2] [6.3] Objective Provide access to information through online reporting mechanism with information placed in public domain to bring in transperency and informed decision making process. Provide enabling environment for Panchayati Raj Institutions, Gram Panchayats/Village Water & Sanitation Commitees, other local communities, Self Help Groups and other groups to manage their own drinking water sources and systems, and sanitation in their villages [5] [6] Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 125 6 ------250 100000 1200000 1900000 Value for Projected FY 15/16 5 ------250 100000 1100000 1700000 FY 14/15 Value for Projected 4 95 200 100000 1500000 1000000 for 06/03/2014 02/05/2013 FY 13/14 Target Value -- -- 201 422882 2145214 2919188 for 05/03/2012 01/05/2013 FY 12/13 Actual Value 21/06/2013 5.09 PM -- -- 200 123239 941537 for 1309838 07/03/2011 01/05/2012 FY 11/12 Actual Value Generated on Unit Date Date No No in Lakhs No in Lakhs No No in Lakh % Section 3: Page : 12 of 30 Number of persons trained Number of quality tests done Number of quality tests done Number of labs set up No of Habitations where source testing is done through labortary testing Success Indicator On-time submission On-time submission % of implementation [7.1.1] [7.2.1] [7.3.1] [7.4.1] [7.5.1] Trend Values of the Success Indicators Action Percentage of Districts entering data as per schedule. Training of Village level persons for water quality testing. Number of water samples tested for quality at district and sub divisional levels. No of Habitations where atleast one source is tested Number of water samples tested for quality at Panchayat / village levels Number of sub-divisional labortaries set up. [7.1] [7.2] [7.3] [7.4] [7.5] Timely submission of Draft RFD 2014-15 for Approval Timely submission of Results for 2012-13 Independent Audit of implementation of Citizens’ Objective Enable rural communities to monitor and keep surveillance on their drinking water sources; Efficient Functioning of the RFD System Improving Internal Efficiency/Responsiveness/ * Mandatory Objective(s) * * [7] Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

126 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 ------Value for Projected FY 15/16 ------FY 14/15 Value for Projected 95 95 95 95 for 17/09/2013 15/10/2013 FY 13/14 Target Value ------for FY 12/13 Actual Value 21/06/2013 5.09 PM ------for FY 11/12 Actual Value Generated on Unit Date Date % % % % Section 3: Page : 13 of 30 Success Indicator Timely updation of the strategy Timely submission % of implementation % of implementation % of milestones achieved % of implementation Trend Values of the Success Indicators Action /Clients’ Charter (CCC) Independent Audit of implementation of Public Grievance Redressal System Update departmental strategy to align with 12th Plan priorities Implement mitigating strategies for reducing potential risk of corruption Implement ISO 9001 as per the approved action plan Implement Innovation Action Plan (IAP) Identification of core and non- core activities of the Ministry/Department as per 2nd ARC recommendations Objective Transparency/Service delivery of Ministry/Department Administrative Reforms * Mandatory Objective(s) * Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 127 Field Test Kits Description Integrated Action Plan Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan Human Resource Development Information Education Communication Integrated Management Information System Acronym Section 4: Page : 14 of 30 IAP IEC FTK IMIS NBA HRD Acronym 1 2 3 4 5 6 SI.No Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

128 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Description Partially Covered Piped Water Supply Nirmal Gram Puraskar Panchayat Raj Institutions Operation & Maintenance National Rural Drinking Water Programme Acronym Section 4: Page : 15 of 30 PC PRI NGP PWS NRDWP O and M Acronym 7 8 9 10 11 12 SI.No Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 129 Quality Affected Description Self Help Groups Reverse Osmosis Rural Water Supply Village Water and Sanitation Commitee Acronym Section 4: Page : 16 of 30 QA R.O SHG RWS VWSC Acronym 13 14 15 16 17 SI.No Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

130 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 null The target dates are as General Comments prescribed by Ministry of Finance. the indicator. Measurement States/ UTs/ districts. States/ UTs/ districts. Online Reports from the Online Reports from the Monitoring the target dates for 21/06/2013 5.09 PM taken up. the Ministry. Definition provided with public affected (chemically the actual numbers of public infrastructure to contaminated sources) habitations provided with a declining trend as more drinking water. The target thus providing less water) by the Ministry of Drinking where infrastructure is not This indicator will measure This indicator will measure This indicator will measure working to full capacity and states under the scheme of sustainability measures are Water and Sanitation to the funds pertaining to NRDWP infrastructure to deliver safe the time frame for release of values are expected to show the actual numbers of quality Partially covered (habitations Generated on Section 4: Page : 17 of 30 null Description Success indicator [1.1.1] Time frame for funds released 40% - 30 Sept, 67% - 31 Dec, 85 % 28 Feb, 99% Mar [1.2.1] Number of partially covered habitations with adequate safe water supply [1.3.1] Number of Quality-affected habitations covered with adequate safe water supply Description and Definition of Success Indicators Proposed Measurement Methodology 1 2 3 SI.No Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 131 General Comments Measurement States on IMIS States/ UTs/ districts. States/ UTs/ districts. States/ UTs/ districts. Online Reports from the Online Reports from the Online Reports from the Online reporting from the 21/06/2013 5.09 PM Supply. connections Definition The target values are water supply schemes. measures are taken up. piped water supply. The individual household tap number of households in habitations provided with have been provided with which have been covered the actual population who with Piped Drinking Water more States take up piped This indicator will measure deliver safe drinking water. number of rural habitations show a increasing trend as safe drinking water through trend as more sustainability This indicator measures the This indicator measures the expected to show a declining target values are expected to Generated on Section 4: Page : 18 of 30 Description Success indicator [1.3.1] Number of Quality-affected habitations covered with adequate safe water supply [1.4.1] Rural population covered with piped water supply [1.5.1] Rural Habitations covered with Piped Water Supply [1.6.1] Provision of individual pipe connections Description and Definition of Success Indicators Proposed Measurement Methodology 3 4 5 6 SI.No Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

132 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 null General Comments Measurement States on IMIS States/ UTs/ districts. submitted by the State Online Reports from the Online reporting from the Selection process for Nirmal on the basis of online reports Gram leading to identification online reports from the States. Nirmal Grams will be identified of Nirmal Panchayaths through 21/06/2013 5.09 PM Definition this indicator. Clean Energy Fund Number of Complex Piped water supply in number of habitations computing this indicator covered with Solar based the NRDWP and National Gram Panchayats with all be included for computing habitations covered under Households with toilets will the project approved under facilities will be included for constructed will be included This indicator measures the for computing this indication households having sanitation Generated on Section 4: Page : 19 of 30 null Description Success indicator [1.7.1] No of habitations covered in IAP districts with Solar based piped water supply [2.1.1] Number of toilets constructed [2.2.1] No of Sanitary complex constructed [2.3.1] No of GPs attaining Nirmal Status Description and Definition of Success Indicators Proposed Measurement Methodology 7 8 9 10 SI.No Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 133 The target dates are as General Comments prescribed by Ministry of Finance. the indicator. Measurement States/ UTs/ districts. States/ UTs/ districts. Online Reports from the Online Reports from the Monitoring the target dates for 21/06/2013 5.09 PM trend. Ministry. Definition projects. As these are projects. As these are under the scheme of the number of toilet units the number of toilet units These targets have been These targets have been identified in the approved identified in the approved This indicator will measure This indicator will measure This indicator will measure funds pertaining to NBA by implemented, the balances implemented, the balances constructed in anganwadis. constructed in anganwadis. and Sanitation to the states the time frame for release of will keep reducing; hence the will keep reducing; hence the the Ministry of Drinking Water trend values show a declining trend values show a declining Generated on Section 4: Page : 20 of 30 Description Success indicator [2.4.1] Time frame for funds released 40% -30 Sept, 67% - 31st Dec, 85% 28 Feb, 99% 31 Mar [3.1.1] Number of schools units covered [3.2.1] Number of Anganwadis covered Description and Definition of Success Indicators Proposed Measurement Methodology 11 12 13 SI.No Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

134 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 General Comments Measurement States/ UTs/ districts. States/ UTs/ districts. States/ UTs/ districts. States/ UTs/ districts. Online Reports from the Online Reports from the Online Reports from the Online Reports from the 21/06/2013 5.09 PM trend. Definition sustainability. declining trend. schemes to ensure the indicator shows a the number of schools water supply schemes structures constructed. empowering them in the the number of rural piped hand washing etc. Due to for drinking, use in toilets, This indicator will measure This indicator will measure This indicator will measure provided with water supply the number of sustainability handed over to Panchayats coverage of existing schools management of sources and Generated on Section 4: Page : 21 of 30 Description Success indicator [3.2.1] Number of Anganwadis covered [3.3.1] Number of schools covered [4.1.1] Number of sustainability structures constructed [4.2.1] Number of piped water supply schemes handed over to Panchayats Description and Definition of Success Indicators Proposed Measurement Methodology 13 14 15 16 SI.No Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 135 General Comments Ministry. Ministry. Measurement States/ UTs/ districts. Online Reports from the of the NBA division Records kept at the divisions Records kept at the divisions of the NRDWP division 21/06/2013 5.09 PM the schemes. Definition Human Resource Human Resource This indicator is the This indicator is the drinking water supply the quality of NRDWP the enhancement of consolidation of activities consolidation of activities Development, Information Development, Information This indicator will measure PRI members in managing Education Communication, Education Communication, the Ministry level to improve programme implementation. carried out by the Ministry in carried out by the Ministry in Research and Development, Monitoring and Evaluation at Research and Development, Monitoring and Evaluation at capabilities of the VWSC and Generated on Section 4: Page : 22 of 30 Description Success indicator [4.3.1] Number of VWSC and PRI members trained [5.1.1] Aggregate Score as per Table 2 [5.2.1] Aggregate Score as per Table 3 Description and Definition of Success Indicators Proposed Measurement Methodology 17 18 19 SI.No Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

136 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 General Comments Ministry. in the IMIS Measurement IMIS Data Entry entering data on all States/ UTs/ districts. Online Reports from the of the NBA division targeted date in the IMIS. entering monthly report by Monitoring the % of States Monitoring the % of Districts Records kept at the divisions components by targeted date 21/06/2013 5.09 PM month. by districts. Definition implementation. reporting from States from each of the about number of people from regarding Physical and before the 17th of every quality of NBA programme trained to use field test kits villages, Gram Panchayats date of online data entry by local sources. Five persons The indicator measures the The indicator measures the This indicator measures the This indicator measures the Ministry level to improve the Financial achievement on or habitation and scheme wise. concurrent monthly progress States of Annual Plan targets for testing the water quality of date of data entry progress Generated on Section 4: Page : 23 of 30 Description Success indicator [5.2.1] Aggregate Score as per Table 3 [6.1.1] To be done by 31st May 2013 [6.2.1] To be done by 17th of following month [6.3.1] To be done by 17th of following month [7.1.1] Number of persons trained Description and Definition of Success Indicators Proposed Measurement Methodology 19 20 21 22 23 SI.No Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 137 General Comments Measurement States/ UTs/ districts. States/ UTs/ districts. States/ UTs/ districts. Online Reports from the Online Reports from the Online Reports from the 21/06/2013 5.09 PM trained. laboratories. Definition increasing trend and through field test Kits. by States on IMIS this from more panchayats country are to be trained. number of water samples indicator will first show an habitations where at least tested by the district / sub- 2.5 lakh Panchayats in the throughout the country are getting training are entered As reports of more persons Training started in 2006-07. This indicator measures the This indicator the number of one drinking water source is divisional laboratories and at tested in water quality testing the village/ Gram Panchayats thereafter a declining trend till five persons in all panchayats Generated on Section 4: Page : 24 of 30 Description Success indicator [7.1.1] Number of persons trained [7.2.1] Number of quality tests done [7.3.1] No of Habitations where source testing is done through labortary testing Description and Definition of Success Indicators Proposed Measurement Methodology 23 24 25 SI.No Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

138 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 General Comments Measurement States/ UTs/ districts. States/ UTs/ districts. Online Reports from the Online Reports from the the States. Definition number of sub- through field test Kits. number of water samples tested by the district / sub- divisional/block/sub-district level laboratories set up by This indicator measures the This indicator measures the divisional laboratories and at the village/ Gram Panchayats Section 4: Page : 25 of 30 Description Success indicator [7.4.1] Number of quality tests done [7.5.1] Number of labs set up Description and Definition of Success Indicators Proposed Measurement Methodology 26 27 SI.No Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 139 not met. covered habitations. Water availability for will keep decreasing What happens if Due to declining water will keep slipping back would keep increasing. drinking water purposes Quality affected sources table, covered habitations leading to slipping back of your requirement is 100 this Organisation requirement from Please quantify your requirement and recharge, thereby drinking water sources Justification for this To help in water conservation To reduce over exploitation of and leaching of chemicals into preventing slippage of covered 21/06/2013 5.09 PM What is your this organisation requirement from Coverage of habitations with drinking water supply: Effective implementation of agricultural water productivity measures like optimizing fertilizer use, reducing over irrigation, crop stress management, increased drip and sprinkler irrigation, etc. Coverage of habitations with drinking water supply: Effective implementation of Integrated Watershed Management Programme Indicator Generated on Section 5 : [1.2.1] Number of partially covered habitations with adequate safe water supply [1.2.1] Number of partially covered habitations with adequate safe water supply [1.3.1] Number of Quality-affected habitations covered with adequate safe water supply [1.3.1] Number of Quality-affected habitations covered with adequate safe Relevant Success Page : 26 of 30 Organisation Name Department of Land Resources Department of Agriculture and Cooperation Specific Performance Requirements from other Departments Organisation Type Departments State Type Location Central Government Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

140 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 not met. cannot be sent becomes difficult. of habitations and What happens if Habitations will not be of ground and surface sustaining water supply covered with solar pump based piped water supply your requirement is water resources, coverage Due to declining availability Note for Cabinet /EFC/SFC this Organisation requirement from Please quantify your habitations SFC Notes requirement To finalise Cabinet/EFC/ providing drinking water, Justification for this To ensure availability and For implementation of the surface water resources for sustainability of ground and preventing slippage of covered thereby enabling coverage and project and achieving coverage 21/06/2013 5.09 PM What is your this organisation requirement from Release of funds from National Clean Energy Fund Cabinet Notes, EFC Notes, SFC Notes : Comments should be given in prescribed timelimit Effective implementation of programmes for water storage, conservation and recharge -Technical assistance and training in activities for sustainability of sources Indicator Generated on Section 5 : [1.7.1] No of habitations covered in IAP districts with Solar based piped water supply Aggregate Score as per Table 3 water supply [1.4.1] Rural population covered with piped water supply [1.3.1] Number of Quality-affected habitations covered with adequate safe water supply [1.2.1] Number of partially covered habitations with adequate safe water supply Relevant Success Page : 27 of 30 Organisation Name Department of Expenditure Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Finance Specific Performance Requirements from other Departments Organisation Type Ministry State Type Location Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 141 not met. What happens if your requirement is Performance gets affected this Organisation requirement from Please quantify your requirement controlling authority Justification for this MoRD and DoPT are cadre What is your this organisation requirement from Review meetings, Workshops/seminars organized: Posting of persons against vacant posts Indicator Section 5 : Aggregate Score as per Table 3 Aggregate Score as per Table 2 Relevant Success Page : 28 of 30 Organisation Name Ministry of Rural Development Specific Performance Requirements from other Departments Organisation Type State Type Location Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

142 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 80 54 99 100 89.93 20000 FY 15/16 78 50 100 98.5 81.97 20000 100.00 FY 14/15 76 97 100 74.25 94.83 45.75 20000 FY 13/14 98 74 96.8 89.01 69.25 41.75 20000 FY 12/13 21/06/2013 5.09 PM 73 38 96 94.3 62.25 83.80 35860 FY 11/12 % % % % % % No Unit Generated on Section 6: Page : 29 of 30 Success Indicator Percentage sanitation coverage against project objectives in rural areas. Percentage sanitation coverage in Government Schools in Rural areas against project objectives identified Rural Population having access to safe and adequate drinking water (Percentage of habitations as per IMIS) Rural population with piped water supply (As per IMIS) Govt. rural schools with drinking water supply “Number of sustainability structures benefiting drinking water sources constructed” Rural habitations with drinking water sources free of chemical contamination Outcome/Impact of Department/Ministry Jointly responsible for impact with the following influencing this outcome / department (s) / ministry(ies) State Governments Ministry of Water Resources; CGWB; Deptt. of Rural Development(DoRD); Planning Commission; Department of Expenditure Department of Land Resources; Ministry Of Health; Ministry of Environment & Forests; Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Water Resources, Department of Rural Development, Dept. of Land Resources, Ministry Environment & Forests State Govt. Dept., Dept of Rural Development(DoRD), Planning Commission, State Govt. Dept., Min of Human Resource Development, State Govt. Dept., Min of Women and Child Development Enabling all rural household to achieve total sanitation Improved access to safe and sustainable drinking water Improved sustainability of drinking water Outcome/Impact of Department/Ministry 1 2 3 Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 143 43.00 FY 15/16 35.04 100.00 FY 14/15 82.54 27.07 FY 13/14 76.93 19.11 FY 12/13 21/06/2013 5.09 PM 75.57 11.15 FY 11/12 % % Unit Generated on Section 6: Page : 30 of Success Indicator Percentage sanitation coverage in Government Anganwadis in Rural areas against project objectives identified State Govt. Dept., DoRD, Planning Commission Outcome/Impact of Department/Ministry Jointly responsible for impact with the following influencing this outcome / department (s) / ministry(ies) Outcome/Impact of Department/Ministry Results-Framework Document (RFD) for Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation -(2013-2014)

144 ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14