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Past, Present and Future Use of the Resources of Tasman

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Past, Present and Future Use of the Resources of Tasman 8] AND RT Forestry Commissiun. Hobart, Ta smania (with one table) Twenty-eight species of tem:strial native mammals occur on Tasman Peninsula. This representf, 82% of the total number recorded for Tasmania, which is extremely the small area and insular nature of the peninsuhL The range of habitats present (Le. wet and dry forests, heaths and coastal lagoons) is probably Ihe main reason for this diversity of mammals. Because of high reiief, clearing of land has created a mosaic of The large area of ecotone between forest and pasture has benefited the herbivores. Populations of the larger camivores, the Tasmanian devil and the eastern have been dramatically reduced probably as a result of eradication campaigns. The nature of the peninsular may have helped to ensure that the carnivore population remains low. Of the marine mammals, one species of seal, the Australian fur seal, is rcsidenl in offthe peninsul'a and two other species are occasional visitors. Nine species of cetaceans have been recorded stranded on beaches around the peninsula, with Eaglehawk Neck having the greatcst number. Key Words: Tasman Peninsula, Tasmania, native mammals, herbivores, c;rmivores, From SMITH, SJ. (Ed.), 1989: IS HlSTORY ENOUGH? PA ST, PRESENT AND FUTURE USE OF THE RESOURCES OF TA SMAN PENINS l1lA Royal Society of Tasmania, Hobart: 81-,87. INTRODtlCTION METHODS Despite the early settlement of Tasman Peninsula Limited surveys for mammals have been carried out associated with the penal station at Porl Arthur, much at various locations on Tasman Peninsula, The of the land stilI remains undeveloped. Areas cleared Zoology Deparmenl of the University of Tasmartia for agricultural development tend to be distributed in has conducted near Koonya (peliodicaHy for a mosaic amongst the natural vegetation. A the last 15 at Fortescue Bay (September proportion of the peninsula (approximately 45%) 1985 and September 1986) and the Tasmanian set aside in nature reserves or state forests. Tasman National Parks and Wildlife Service CfNPWS) has Peninsula has only a limited connection with Forestier surveyed the Lime Bay Nature Reserve (Novemher Peninsula to the north via a ridge of sand dunes at J 98 n In January 1985 the author conducted a survey Eaglehawk Neck. Forestier Peninsula is, in turn. of the bats ill the Fortescue Ray area. Further isolated from the rest of Tasmania by the Demson information on the mammals present and historical Canal at Dunalley. Thus opportunities for dispersal in their abundance were obtained by of land mammals into and out of the peninsula are 1011,"-I'''TI'11 residents. Assessment of any iimited. changes in abundance is nece�sarily based mainly on This paper examines the mammals of Tasman the perceptions of lesidems. These people Peninsula and discusses the possible effectsupon them are concerned with commerically important of European settlement of the area. The two factors such as bmshtail possum or which listed above, i.e. a mosaic pattern of clearing and the regarded as pests. Thus nothing can said about insular nature of the region, have probably played the more secretive or commercially !mimportant major roles in influencing the outcome of the species. Records were also obtained from the literature interaclions hetween Europeans and the other and from the TASPAWS records scheme of the mammals. TNPWS, 82 RJ.Taylor TERRES'T'RIAL MAMMALS Family Thy!adnidae Native Thylacine (1:ismaniantiger) Thylacinus cynocephalus --- Gui1er (i985) reports thy!acines as having been collected from Tasman Peninsula. Despite recent "sightings" on the road between Nubeena Family TaclJyglossidae Port Arthur, the species is now probably extinct. Echidna aculeatu5 Echidnas are Family Macropodidae com:noniy found throughout dry sclerophyll vegetation. They have a.lso been regularly observed Potoroo Putorous tridactylus -- Polomos occur in orchards where they may feed on grubs in the soil. the peninsula but in the drier regions are to areas with a denser undergrowth, Marsupials "'pe,:mHV around creeks . .Family Dasyuridae TriSmanian bettong Bettongia gaimardi - Numerous of bettongs have been This species Tasmanian devil SarcophUus harrisii ...-. Devils were . reported to be much more numerous and widespread IS to the dry sclerophyl! Areas with the 1920s and 1930s than they are an open undergrowth on poorer sandy soils probably carry the highest densities (Taylor 1986). believed that thev" no lon�er uc.,�u""u However devils hav� been trapped at Thylogaie Tunnel Hill and a small is probably Tasmanian pademelon (rufous wallaby) hillardieri associated with the Reserve. These - Pademelons are abundant and widespread. They are most numerous in the wet devils are to been animals that escaped from the Devil al Taranna. Kerstan, forests which surround open improved pastures. In the owner of Tunnel Hill, reports people who the drier vegetation they are associated with denser undergrowth around creeks. had at Tunnel Bay before the the had commented on the presence Red-necked wallaby (R(;rmetts wallaby) Macropus rufogriseus Eastern Dasyurus viverrinus ._- The status and .- Red-necked wallabies are abundant history quolls appears to mirror that of devils. and widespread. They are more numerous in rhe drier Quolls were much more widespread than areas, especially in associmion with pasture. with most reporting that they had never seen them in recent A road kill was reported Family Vombatidae from Sympathy Hills, one individual has been trapped Wombat Vo mbatus ursinus --- vVombats are common near Koonya by O. Buchma.'1n and an individual '""as throughout the drier areas, especially where soil recently near Port Arthur. A small population They are also in with distribution thus appears to bc present conditions allow association with areas after 011 the peninsula. clearing of wet forests. Burrows .in these open areas are most numerous on thc banks. antechinus Antechinus swainsonii and swamp sandier 'm"A" h :" " •. A. minimus - Wakefield & Warneke very early records of both of Family Pcmmeiidae Anteclzinus from Tasman Peninsula. also Brown bandicoot /soodon ohe,mlus Brown two colour phases of "mice" with pointed - bandicoots are present in the drier scrubby areas. They snouts. Antechinus swainsonii is associated with wet feed in pasture but nomially remain close to shelter. forest with an undergrowth of sedges and ferns and They are generall y absent rom wet forests. a heavy accumuiation of litter (Green 1972a. Hocking f 1975). Antechinus minim us is normally fou�d in we� Barred bandicoots Perameles f,utln! Barred sedgeland or heath vegetation (Gren 1972b, 1984). bandicoots can be found in the scrubs but are One species, probably A. swaillsonii, occurs at the most abundant. in association areas of pasture, Devil Park where it feeds on meal �cmps and food irrespective of the surrounding vegetation. the anirnal cages< Mammals 83 Family Phalangeridae forest with an undergrowth of dense bracken (Pteridium esculentum) and a thick litter layer (Norton Brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula - Brushtail 1983). possums are extremely abundant and widespread. They are found in all vegetation types, although they Water rat Hydromys chrysogaster - Numerous are least common in heath. reports of water rats have been recorded. They appear to be abundant around the coast and associated with Family Petauridae creeks and lagoons. Ringtail possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus - Ringtail Family Vespertilionidae possums are widespread but very much less abundant than brushtail possums. They are associated with areas Seven of the eight species of bats which occur in of tall tea tree (Melaleuca and Leptospermum) in the Tasmania have been caught in wet sc1erophyll forest wetter areas and along creeks, and shrubby areas in at Fortescue Bay (Taylor & O'Neill 1986). These windbreaks between paddocks. Ringtails often feed species are Eptesicus regulus, E. sagittula, among blackberry bushes (Rubus fruticosus). Nyctophilus geoffroyi, N. timoriensis, Chalinolobus morio, C. gouldii and Falsistrellus tasmaniensis. The Sugar glider Petaurus breviceps - Sugar gliders only species not recorded was E. vulturnus. This have been reported from Tunnel Hill, Marsh Road species occurs on Forestier Peninsula (Taylor & and the Lime Bay area. They may thus be present O'Neill 1 986) and will almost certainly also occur over a large proportion of the peninsula but nothing on Tasman Peninsula. Many of the people interviewed is known of their abundance. There is little commented on the presence of bats. This is unusual information on their habitat requirements in Tasmania and seems to indicate that bats are abundant on the but on mainland Australia densities are highest in peninsula. Trapping success at Fortescue Bay was open forest with dense patches of Acacia (Suckling high in relation to other sites around Tasmanian which 1983). Tree hollows are required for nesting. have been investigated (Taylor & O'Neill 1986). Family Burramyidae Introduced Species Eastern pygmy possum Cercartetus nanus and little pygmy possum C. lepidus - Both species have been Eutherians recorded from the peninsula. Two individuals of C. nanus were found in a tree felled near Cashs Lookout. Family Cervidae Cercartetis lepidus has been recorded from Tunnel Hill, Port Arthur and the Lime Bay area. Cercartetus Fallow deer Dama dama - Fallow deer once nanus is thought to be more numerous in the wetter occurred on the peninsula. However, the last forests whereas C. lepidus occurs mostly in the drier individual is believed to have been shot at Deer Point forests and heaths (Green 1973). in the late 1950s. Eutherians Family Muridae Family Muridae House mouse Mus musculus - This species was reported in associated with human habitation. Swamp rat Rattus lutreolus - Swamp rats are probably abundant and distributed over most of the Black rat Rattus rattus - This species is also found peninsula. They are found in the wetter forests and in in association with humans, It is distributed patchily drainage lines and denser undergrowth within the drier in dry sc1erophyll forests elsewhere in Tasmania forests. Swamp rats have been trapped at Fortescue (Taylor, unpublished data) and thus may also be Bay and near Taranna.
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