CATALOGUE OF THE CONTINENTAL MOLLUSKS OF RUSSIA AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES YURI I. KANTOR, MAXIM V. VINARSKI, ANATOLY A. SCHILEYKO, ALEXANDER V. SYSOEV VERSION 2.3.1 (published online on March 2, 2010)1 The current version 2.3 contains 2065 included taxa comparing to 2032 in the previous version 2.2 (published June 9, 2009). Introduction to the version 1.0 (published online on February 15, 2009) Inventories of molluscs of Russia (and adjacent territories) is currently becoming a priority, especially in last decade. Several important publications appeared recently, among others the identi- fication guide to freshwater molluscs of Russia [Starobogatov et al., 2004], annotated list of the mol- luscs of Baikal Lake [Sitnikova et al., 2004; Slugina, Starobogatov, 2004], monograph of Lymnaei- dae of Europe and northern Asia [Kruglov, 2005], as well as the first complete catalogue (although in abridged form and only in Russian) of all groups of Mollusca of Russia and adjacent countries (within the borders of former USSR) [Kantor, Sysoev, 2005]. The catalogue was compiled mostly from published data. Only for some groups were the data based on collections, mostly that of ZIN, which possesses the largest collection of molluscs from the territory of the former USSR. Later the illustrated catalogue of marine and brackish-water Gastropoda was published [Kan- tor, Sysoev, 2006]. It included 1240 species, being approximately 1/3 of entire fauna of molluscs. The catalogue included as a rule photographs of the type specimens for the species, described from Russia and adjacent territories. For the species, described from elsewhere, mostly the specimens were used for illustrations on which the record was based, that were identified by the authors in the corresponding publications. The full version of the catalogue, which includes the data on type localities and type specimens of each species for the remaining groups of molluscs has been in preparation since. After the publication of illustrated catalogue of gastropods it became obvious that such publi- cations turmed to be outdated rather fast. During two years since it was completed, several important monographs and revisions were published, several are in preparation. The situation with the continental molluscs is even more complicated. Firstly, the Russian spe- cialists on fresh-water molluscs appeared to be “splitters” comparing with their western colleagues. This sometimes leads to extreme differences in opinion on species number and taxonomy of some groups. For example, Graf [2007] recently analyzed the number of species of Unionoidea of 1 Version 1.0 was published online on February 15, 2009 version 2.0 was published online on March 23, 2009 version 2.1 was published online on April 27, 2009 version 2.2 was published online on June 9, 2009 version 2.3 was published online on December 22, 2009 Palearctic recognised by Russian malacologists (156 species in 34 genera) and western specialists (45 species in 16 genera). Most of the groups are still awaiting the critical re-assessment. In this situation I decided to publish the available to us materials on continental (fresh-water and terrestrial) molluscs of Russia and adjacent territories within the borders of former USSR on the Internet in order to make the results available to broad audience of specialists in Russia and abroad. Publication in this format will allow rapid corrections and additions of new materials in future. I in- vite all the specialists to contribute their experience and knowledge to build most comprehensive and updated inventory of continental molluscs. This work has been accomplished besides Yu. Kantor by A.A. Schileyko (both from A.N.Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences) and A.V.Sysoev (Zoological Museum of Moscow State University). Invaluable help was provided by M.V. Vinarski (Omsk State Pedagogical University). In compiling the work all available sources were used: monographs, separate papers, as well as species lists and catalogues. Moreover, the original descriptions of most of the species were checked. This was possible through the access to several large libraries in Russia and abroad (prin- cipally the libraries of Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris and National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.). As a result hundreds of mistakes in published sources, including the nomenclature of many species were corrected. Unfortunately, we were not able to find references for a few species. Still type material for many species was not traced. The basis of the list of terrestrial species was the unpublished manuscript of Likharev and Schileyko. It represented the second updated edition of the famous monograph of I.M. Likharev and E.S. Ram- melmeyer [1952], which was supposed to be published in late 1980-s but due to long period of eco- nomic instability was never printed. In current database all terrestrial and freshwater molluscs are included. Frackish-water species of Gastropoda were treated in Kantor and Sysoev [2006] and therefore are not included herein. On the contrary, brackish water bivalves (including those of the Caspian Sea, which may be considered as marine) are treated in the current catalogue. In species entry the main habitat is included: F – stands for fresh-water species, B – for brack- ish-water, M – for marine, and T – for terrestrial species. Species within genera and genera within families are arranged in alphabetical order. Subgen- era are not included. On the types of Ya. I. Starobogatov Mention should be made of the types of some species, described by Ya. I. Starobogatov (1932- 2004), especially in co-authorship with B. M. Logvinenko from the Caspian Sea. These authors wrote the molluscan section in the Atlas of invertebrates of the Caspian Sea (Moscow, 1968). Log- vinenko and Starobogatov did not mention holotypes in the text (or type localities), but specified them in the figure captions. Although there is no information about the depository of the types, they should be stored in ZIN, where Ya. I. Starobogatov worked most of his life. Nevertheless, we were not able to find many of the types in ZIN collection. According to personal communication of L. L. Yarohnovich (collection manager of fresh-water and land molluscs of ZIN), part of the collection of Caspian molluscs, including types of new species, was stored in the Biological Faculty of Moscow State University in the laboratory of B. M. Logvinenko. After his death the material was transferred to ZIN and was kept in the personal office of Starobogatov for many years. After Starobogatov’s death all the numerous samples were transferred to the general molluscan storage, but until now not completely processed and therefore not included into type and general collections. Thus it is possi- ble that many of the types that are listed in this publication as “not traced” may be available in fu- ture. On the inventory system in Zoological Institute of RAS A significant number of the types are stored in ZIN. Therefore we should briefly mention the system of inventory numbers used in this collection. Starting in the late XIX century there was a card systematic catalogue in molluscs collections of ZIN (probably started by S. M. Herzenstein and N. M. Knipowich). For each species a separate card (with several entries) was started and the locality and the author of identification were cited for each sample. Thus, each sample was given a number which was unique only within single species. In this publication we refer to such numbers in the systematic catalogue as “ZIN No. ** in the sys- tematic catalogue”. Usually the card started with the type specimens and therefore most of them have No. 1. In the collections the lots are arranged taxonomically in accordance with the systematic catalogue numbers. Beside the systematic catalogue, in the 1960’s a system of inventory numbers was started. The numbers were attributed to the lots not in taxonomic order. The inventory numbers cover most of the samples of marine gastropods and only partially those of fresh-water and land. In this book we pro- vide the inventory numbers (if available), as well as systematic catalogue numbers. The number be- fore the slash is the inventory number, while that following is the number in the systematic cata- logue. Quantitative estimate of the fauna of continental molluscs of Russia At present 1892 continental species are included in Version 1.0 of the catalogue. We are fol- lowing the current number of species in Russian literature (see above about the “splitting”). Acknowledgements Many colleagues assisted us in compiling this list. We want to thank them all, but especially: B. I. Sirenko, P. V. Kiyashko, L. L. Yarohnovich, R. Kormushkina from ZIN; T. Ya. Sitnikova from Limnological Institute of RAS; V.V. Anistratenko (Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine); L. A. Prozorova (Biological-Pedological Institute of Farf-Eastern Branch of RAS; prof. P. Bouchet, J.-P. Rocroi, V. Héros from the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle (Paris); J. D. Taylor, K. Way, and D. G. Reid from the Natural History Museum (London); R. Heshler and M. G. Harasewych (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.); A. Warén (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stokholm); M. Glaubrecht (Zoological Mu- seum, Humboldt University, Berlin) Graf D. L. 2007. Palearctic freshwater mussel (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida) diversity and the Comparatory Method as a species concept. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 156: 71-88. Yuri I. KANTOR February 15, 2009 Introduction to the version 2.0 (published online on March 23, 2009) The new version is siginificantly corrected and updated for the fresh-water molluscs. We high- lighted all alterations in blue. From now and on in every new version the corrections will be high- lighted similarly, while the text of the previous version will be in black.