Gandak River Basin
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Assessment of Water Availability in Major River Basins of Western Nepal
XIIIth World Water Congress, 1- 4 September, 2008, Montpellier, France ASSESSMENT OF WATER AVAILABILITY IN MAJOR RIVER BASINS OF WESTERN NEPAL. Mr. Jagat K. Bhusal, Senior Divisional Hydrologists, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal Mr. Om Ratna Bajracharya Senior Divisional Hydrologists, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal Mr. Lekh Nath Bagale, Hydrologist Engineer, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal ABSTRACT Nepal gets about 80 % of annual rainfall during monsoon which lasts about 100 days only. Most rivers drain more than 75 % of the runoff during same period. In spite of limited arable land and poor irrigation facility, the backbone of Nepalese economy is still dependant on agriculture. Knowledge of the seasonal variability of rainfall and runoff plays a vital role in maximizing the yield. Integrated approach on utilizing the available water for irrigation development, hydropower generation, water supply and other uses are also other challenges in water resource management. This paper is based on study made by Nepal Irrigation Sector Project (NISP) on 77 basins of Western Nepal. Regional analyses were carried out. Long-term data of 35 basins were used to estimate the key hydrological parameters in the remaining 42 basins. Estimation on the natural flow, recurring floods and low flows, runoff- rainfall relationships, water balance, consumptive and non-consumptive water-use were made. Inter-basin groundwater flow is noticed in some areas. Hydropower development would be wise wise-uses of water resources in Nepal. Keywords: Western Nepal, Monsoon, Basins, Ground water. Rainfall, Runoff. INTRODUCTION River basins of Nepal Nepalese can be grouped broadly into (i) High Himalayan river basins, (ii) High mountain river basins (iii) Middle Mountain river basins (iv) Siwalik river basins and (v) Tarai river basins High Himal region have more snow and ice melt contribution where as High mountains and the Middle mountains find base flow sources with less frozen winter melt. -
Water Resources of Nepal in the Context of Climate Change
Government of Nepal Water and Energy Commission Secretariat Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal WATER RESOURCES OF NEPAL IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE 2011 Water Resources of Nepal in the Context of Climate Change 2011 © Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS) All rights reserved Extract of this publication may be reproduced in any form for education or non-profi t purposes without special permission, provided the source is acknowledged. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by: Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS) P.O. Box 1340 Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Website: www.wec.gov.np Email: [email protected] Fax: +977-1-4211425 Edited by: Dr. Ravi Sharma Aryal Mr. Gautam Rajkarnikar Water and Energy Commission Secretariat Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Front cover picture : Mera Glacier Back cover picture : Tso Rolpa Lake Photo Courtesy : Mr. Om Ratna Bajracharya, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Ministry of Environment, Government of Nepal PRINTED WITH SUPPORT FROM WWF NEPAL Design & print : Water Communication, Ph-4460999 Water Resources of Nepal in the Context of Climate Change 2011 Government of Nepal Water and Energy Commission Secretariat Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal 2011 Water and its availability and quality will be the main pressures on, and issues for, societies and the environment under climate change. “IPCC, 2007” bringing i Acknowledgement Water Resource of Nepal in the Context of Climate Change is an attempt to show impacts of climate change on one of the important sector of life, water resource. Water is considered to be a vehicle to climate change impacts and hence needs to be handled carefully and skillfully. -
LIST of INDIAN CITIES on RIVERS (India)
List of important cities on river (India) The following is a list of the cities in India through which major rivers flow. S.No. City River State 1 Gangakhed Godavari Maharashtra 2 Agra Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 3 Ahmedabad Sabarmati Gujarat 4 At the confluence of Ganga, Yamuna and Allahabad Uttar Pradesh Saraswati 5 Ayodhya Sarayu Uttar Pradesh 6 Badrinath Alaknanda Uttarakhand 7 Banki Mahanadi Odisha 8 Cuttack Mahanadi Odisha 9 Baranagar Ganges West Bengal 10 Brahmapur Rushikulya Odisha 11 Chhatrapur Rushikulya Odisha 12 Bhagalpur Ganges Bihar 13 Kolkata Hooghly West Bengal 14 Cuttack Mahanadi Odisha 15 New Delhi Yamuna Delhi 16 Dibrugarh Brahmaputra Assam 17 Deesa Banas Gujarat 18 Ferozpur Sutlej Punjab 19 Guwahati Brahmaputra Assam 20 Haridwar Ganges Uttarakhand 21 Hyderabad Musi Telangana 22 Jabalpur Narmada Madhya Pradesh 23 Kanpur Ganges Uttar Pradesh 24 Kota Chambal Rajasthan 25 Jammu Tawi Jammu & Kashmir 26 Jaunpur Gomti Uttar Pradesh 27 Patna Ganges Bihar 28 Rajahmundry Godavari Andhra Pradesh 29 Srinagar Jhelum Jammu & Kashmir 30 Surat Tapi Gujarat 31 Varanasi Ganges Uttar Pradesh 32 Vijayawada Krishna Andhra Pradesh 33 Vadodara Vishwamitri Gujarat 1 Source – Wikipedia S.No. City River State 34 Mathura Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 35 Modasa Mazum Gujarat 36 Mirzapur Ganga Uttar Pradesh 37 Morbi Machchu Gujarat 38 Auraiya Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 39 Etawah Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 40 Bangalore Vrishabhavathi Karnataka 41 Farrukhabad Ganges Uttar Pradesh 42 Rangpo Teesta Sikkim 43 Rajkot Aji Gujarat 44 Gaya Falgu (Neeranjana) Bihar 45 Fatehgarh Ganges -
River Culture in Nepal
Nepalese Culture Vol. XIV : 1-12, 2021 Central Department of NeHCA, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/nc.v14i0.35187 River Culture in Nepal Kamala Dahal- Ph.D Associate Professor, Patan Multipal Campus, T.U. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Most of the world civilizations are developed in the river basins. However, we do not have too big rivers in Nepal, though Nepalese culture is closely related with water and rivers. All the sacraments from birth to the death event in Nepalese society are related with river. Rivers and ponds are the living places of Nepali gods and goddesses. Jalkanya and Jaladevi are known as the goddesses of rivers. In the same way, most of the sacred places are located at the river banks in Nepal. Varahakshetra, Bishnupaduka, Devaghat, Triveni, Muktinath and other big Tirthas lay at the riverside. Most of the people of Nepal despose their death bodies in river banks. Death sacrement is also done in the tirthas of such localities. In this way, rivers of Nepal bear the great cultural value. Most of the sacramental, religious and cultural activities are done in such centers. Religious fairs and festivals are also organized in such a places. Therefore, river is the main centre of Nepalese culture. Key words: sacred, sacraments, purity, specialities, bath. Introduction The geography of any localities play an influencing role for the development of culture of a society. It affects a society directly and indirectly. In the beginning the nomads passed their lives for thousands of year in the jungle. -
World Bank Document
NEPAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY Kali Gandaki ‘A’ Hydropower Plant Rehabilitation Project Environmental Assessment (EA) (Final Draft) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Submitted to: Large Hydropower Operation and Maintenance Department Public Disclosure Authorized Nepal Electricity Authority Kathmandu, Nepal Submitted by: Environmental and Social Studies Department NEA Training Center, Kharipati, Bhaktapur, Nepal P.O. Box #: 21729 Kathmandu Phone No.: 977 1 66 11 580 Fax No.: 977 1 66 11 590 Public Disclosure Authorized January 28, 2013 Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................. ii Abbreviations and Acronyms............................................................................................................... iv Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Need for Rehabilitation Works ..................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Environmental Assessment of the Proposed Rehabilitation Project ............................................. 7 1.5 Proponent -
Abbreviation and Acronyms
Assessment of Hydropower Potential of Nepal Final Report Abbreviation and Acronyms AHEP : Available Gross Hydroelectricity Potential ASTER : Advance Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer AMF : Average Monthly Flow APHRODITE : Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation B : Breadth BCDP : Building Code Development Project B/C : Benefit-Cost Ratio BoQ : Bill of Quantities CAR : Catchment Area Ratio CCT : Central Churia Thrust CFRD : Concrete Faced Rock Fill Dam COD : Commercial Operation Date DCF : Discounted Cash Flow DEM : Digital Elevation Model DHM : Department of Hydrology & Meteorology DMG : Department of Mines & Geology DoED : Department of Electricity Development d/s : Downstream E : East EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMI : Equal Monthly Installment ESA : European Space Agency ESRI : Environmental System Research Institute EU-DEM : European Union Digital Elevation Model FDC : Flow Duration Curve WECS i Assessment of Hydropower Potential of Nepal Final Report GHEP : Gross Hydroelectricity Potential GIS : Geographic Information System GLOF : Glacial Lake Outburst Flood GoN : Government of Nepal GPS : Global Positioning System GWh : Giga Watt-Hour H : Height ha : Hectares HEC-HMS : Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System HFL : High Flood Level HFT : Himalayan Frontal Thrust HPP : Hydropower Project HRU : Hydrological Response Unit ICOLD : International Commission on Large Dams ICIMOD : International Center for Integrated Mountain Development IDC : Interest -
Natural Hazards Versus Climate Change and Their Potential Impacts
Natural hazards versus climate change and their potential impacts in the dry, northern Himalayas: focus on the upper Kali Gandaki (Mustang District, Nepal) Monique Fort To cite this version: Monique Fort. Natural hazards versus climate change and their potential impacts in the dry, northern Himalayas: focus on the upper Kali Gandaki (Mustang District, Nepal). EnvironmentalEarth Sciences, 2014, [s.p.]. 10.1007/s12665-014-3087-y. hal-01201550 HAL Id: hal-01201550 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01201550 Submitted on 22 Sep 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Environ Earth Sci DOI 10.1007/s12665-014-3087-y THEMATIC ISSUE Natural hazards versus climate change and their potential impacts in the dry, northern Himalayas: focus on the upper Kali Gandaki (Mustang District, Nepal) Monique Fort Received: 8 July 2013 / Accepted: 20 January 2014 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract In the Himalayas, the consequences of climate good connection of these upper valleys to the main urban change are a fairly debated issue, mainly questioning the centres of Nepal, a country with a very low economic and availability of water resources to the lowland population. -
Assessment of the Environmental Flow in the Gandaki River Basin
Assessment of the Environmental Flow in the Gandaki River Basin: A Case of Modi Khola Jalsrot Vikas Sanstha (JVS)/GWP Nepal Kathmandu, 2016 Disclaimer The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the institutions. 2 Acknowledgement This publication is prepared under WACREP activity of Jalsrot Vikas Sanstha/GWP Nepal. It is one of the series of publications of the organization. JVS/GWP Nepal highly appreciates contribution of Mr. Prakash Gaudel for preparing this report and Mr. Batu Krishna Uprety for providing valuable suggestion and comments. JVS/GWP Nepal also acknowledges the contribution from JVS staffs Ms. Anju Air and Mr. Tejendra GC during the preparation of this publication. Jalsrot Vikas Sanstha (JVS)/GWP Nepal Kathmandu Nepal 3 Executive Summary Nepal's richness on water resources and potentials has been realized from local to national level. Government of Nepal encouraged public and private sector to generate hydro-electricity for domestic use and export by issuing demand-based license for hydro-electricity survey, generation and transmission. There is a provision for conducting an environmental assessment by complying with the policies and legal provisions to promote conservation of ecosystems and ensure continuous supply of ecological goods and services. The Hydropower Development Policy, 2001 contributes to environment protection by developing hydropower as an alternative to biomass and thermal energy, and mitigate adverse environmental -
Gigantic Landslides Aligned Along the Kaligandaki River, Nepal Himalaya
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 21, EGU2019-2738, 2019 EGU General Assembly 2019 © Author(s) 2018. CC Attribution 4.0 license. Gigantic landslides aligned along the Kaligandaki River, Nepal Himalaya Masahiro Chigira (1), Ching-Ying Tsou (2), and Daisuke Higaki (3) (1) Kyoto University, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Geohazards, Uji, Japan ([email protected]), (2) Faculty of Agricuture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan ([email protected]), (3) Faculty of Agricuture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan ([email protected]) Himalaya is uplifting rapidly and have been modified by glacial and fluvial erosion and landslides. We investigated the geological and topographic characteristics of landslides aligned along the Kali Gandaki River, one of the largest rivers that flow from Tibet to India through High Himalaya. We made field survey, using PRISM image with a resolution of 5 m and 5-m ALOS AW3D. From the upstream to downstream, there are Dhampu, Talbagar, Kopchepani, Gadkhan, and Gadpar rockslides. The Dhampu rockslide is the largest with a volume of 3 km3 (Fort, 2000), of which deposits is represented by a mound on the left bank of the Kali Gandaki River and have been argued about its origin, moraine or landslide deposits. We found bedrock-like gneiss in the lower portion of the mound, which has irregularly shaped fractures with openings and jig-saw-fit rock fragments in the massive rock body. This strongly suggests that the mound is rockslide deposits. The structures within the deposits like the alignment of rock fragments and minor faults suggests that the deposits came from south or southwest. -
Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment
Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 67668-SAS Report No. 67668-SAS Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment A Discussion of Regional Opportunities and Risks Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized GANGES STRATEGIC BASIN ASSESSMENT: A Discussion of Regional Opportunities and Risks b Report No. 67668-SAS Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment A Discussion of Regional Opportunities and Risks Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment A Discussion of Regional Opportunities and Risks World Bank South Asia Regional Report The World Bank Washington, DC iii GANGES STRATEGIC BASIN ASSESSMENT: A Discussion of Regional Opportunities and Risks Disclaimer: © 2014 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 14 13 12 11 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. -
Erosion Assessment in the Middle Kali Gandaki (Nepal ) : a Sediment Budget Approach Monique Fort, Etienne Cossart
Erosion assessment in the middle Kali Gandaki (Nepal ) : A sediment budget approach Monique Fort, Etienne Cossart To cite this version: Monique Fort, Etienne Cossart. Erosion assessment in the middle Kali Gandaki (Nepal ) : A sediment budget approach. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 2013, 46, p. 25-40. hal-01196822 HAL Id: hal-01196822 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01196822 Submitted on 16 Sep 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 2013, Vol. 46, pp. 25-40 Erosion assessment in the middle Kali Gandaki (Nepal): A sediment budget approach *Monique Fort1,3 and Etienne Cossart2,3 1Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, GHSS, Case 7001, F-75 205 Paris Cedex 13, France 2Université Paris 1-Panthéon Sorbonne (Geography) 3CNRS UMR 8586 PRODIG, Paris France (*Email: [email protected]) ABSTRACT Active mountains supply the largest sediment fl uxes experienced on earth. At mountain range scale, remote sensing approaches, sediments provenance or stream power law analyses, collectively provide rough long-term estimates of total erosion. Erosion is indeed controlled by rock uplift and climate, hence by a wide range of processes (detachment, transport and deposition), all operating within drainage basin units, yet with time and spatial patterns that are quite complex at local scale. -
Tropical Forestry and Biodiversity (FAA 118 & 119)
Tropical Forestry and Biodiversity (FAA 118 & 119) Assessment Report Nepal May 17, 2010 Team Members Bijay Kumar Singh Team Leader and Forestry Expert Tirtha Bahadur Shrestha Ph.D. Biodiversity Expert Shyam Upadhaya PES Expert Hom Mani Bhandari Soil and Watershed Expert Manish Shrestha GIS Expert Andrew Steele Editor With inputs and support from Netra Sharma (Sapkota), USAID/Nepal Disclaimer This assessment was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The authors' views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect views of USAID or the United States Government. i Acknowledgements The study team leader would like to thank USAID/Nepal for giving us the opportunity to carry out this study. I would like to express special thanks to Dr. Bill Patterson, and the other professional staff at both USAID and the US Embassy who kindly provided cooperation and logistic support. Special thanks also go to Mr. Netra Sharma (Sapkota), Cognizant Technical Officer of USAID/Nepal for his inputs and whole-hearted support for the study. In addition I would like to thank Mr. Prakash Mathema, Mr. Govinda Prasad Kafley, Dr. Jagadish Chandra Baral, Mr. Krishna Acharya, Dr. Bhisma Subedi, and the many other government and non-government officials who directly and indirectly provided their intellectual input. I would like to express my sincere thanks to all of the team members who worked extremely hard in the preparation of this report. Bijay Kumar Singh Study Team Leader ii Abbreviations and Acronyms ACAP