DOCSLIB.ORG

Effect of Alpine Karst on the Hydrology of the Berchtesgadener Ache Basin: a Comprehen- Sive Summary of Karst Research in the Berchtesgaden Alps

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effect of Alpine Karst on the Hydrology of the Berchtesgadener Ache Basin: a Comprehen- Sive Summary of Karst Research in the Berchtesgaden Alps Research eco.mont - Volume 3, Number 1, June 2011 ISSN 2073-106X print version 19 ISSN 2073-1558 online version: http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/eco.mont Effect of Alpine karst on the hydrology of the Berchtesgadener Ache basin: a comprehen- sive summary of karst research in the Berchtesgaden Alps Gabriele Kraller, Ulrich Strasser & Helmut Franz Keywords: karst, tracer, isotope, groundwater flow, distributed water modelling, regional scale, integrated water resource management Abstract Profile The Berchtesgaden Alps are situated in the Northern Limestone Alps, character- Protected Area ized by individual mountain plateaus and ridges in close proximity to each other, intersected by valleys, with an altitudinal gradient of 2 100 meters. The limestone has Berchtesgaden National Park been exposed to dissolution processes since the Cretaceous, leading to a massive karstified aquifer with a wide range of subsurface flow channels. There are hundreds of springs as groundwater recharge locations, feeding the seven rivers of the region Mountain range that contribute to the Danube watershed. Several studies were conducted to exam- ine the hydro-geological conditions and the resulting groundwater flow. This paper Alps aims to evaluate and summarize research in the basin describing groundwater flow to identify the main drainage direction, travel times, spring dynamics and possible Country subsurface redistribution in the individual mountain ranges and the whole basin. To this end, we evaluate several tracer experiments, two isotope studies and a spring Germany database. The tracer experiments are generating knowledge about flow directions in the individual mountain ranges, groundwater redistribution, water storage and mean travel times. Five experiments prove increased groundwater flow remaining within a valley and four experiments indicate groundwater redistribution through mountain ranges. The isotope studies indicate potential water storage in the Wimbach valley of an estimated 100 x 106 to 470 x 106 m3 and mean transit times of about four years. The analysis of the spring database focuses on locations and discharge classifica- tion. Overall, there are 289 springs recorded in the spring database, distributed from 600 to over 2 000 m altitude, with major springs at the northern base of the mountains Hochkalter, Watzmann and at the north shore of lake Königssee. The conclusion summarizes the effect of the karst aquifer on the hydrology of the region. The outlook introduces current research within the area and the distributed water balance modelling. Theoretical background The Northern Limestone Alps are characterized by massive layers of dolomite and banked limestone, formed through sedimentation processes during the Triassic formation (Langenscheidt 1994). Alpine fold- ing during the Cretaceous led to a typical arrangement of interfaces and joints. Postglacial ice covers and their movement shaped present day mountain ranges and plateaus and the valleys in between. With the lift- ing of the Alps, the soluble limestone was exposed to dissolution processes leading to the generation of subsurface pathways along the interfaces (karst). The main characteristic of a karst aquifer is that it consists of two components, the rock matrix and the conduits inbetween (Atkinson 1977; Bakalowicz 2005; Kiraly 2003; Sauter et al. 2006; Teutsch & Sauter 1991; White 2002). White (2003) describes fractures as a third com- ponent of karst aquifers. This leads to a broad field of hydraulic parameters and unknown boundary con- ditions, which form the main challenge of describing the groundwater flow in the existing approaches (Ki- raly 2003; White 2002; Sauter et al. 2006). Atkinson Figure 1 – Berchtesgaden Alps: mountain ranges and main rivers. Research 20 (1977) found for the Mendip Hills in Great Britain derstand hydrological processes within the Berchtes- that the majority of the water is transported through gaden watershed, to gain more information about enlarged conduits. The specific geomorphologic-geo- water storage in winter and summer and to predict fu- logical structure produces the effect that the surface ture water availability and dynamics by performing cli- drainage basin differs from the groundwater basin be- mate impact scenarios. The overall aim is to improve cause unknown underground flow channels lead to a hydrological modelling in karst-dominated catch- redistribution of infiltration water across the bound- ments for integrated water resource management. ary. This makes it difficult to quantify the amount of the redistributed water. Site description Mountain massifs can be seen as lifted aquifers char- acterized by high altitudinal gradients and inclined General stratification. The head difference between recharge The Berchtesgaden Alps are situated in the Northern area and springs is the primary driving force for the Limestone Alps in the southeast of Germany in the movement of water through the aquifer (White 2003). Federal State of Bavaria. Most of the area is part of One can assume that groundwater flow in Alpine Berchtesgaden Biosphere Reserve. Its core and buffer catchments is increased, as they consist of banked zone is Berchtesgaden National Park (Berchtesgaden karstified limestone, the increased groundwater flow NP; IUCN Category II) covering an area of 210 km2. may even be additionally strengthened and redistribu- tion processes may take place at the subbasin scale and Geology and geomorphology affect receiving water courses in neighbouring Alpine The Berchtesgaden Alps can be seen as a geomorpho- valleys. However, in terms of sustainable water man- logic unit. The mountain ranges are shaped as plateaus agement, Alpine basins are the origin of large lowland and ridges in close proximity (Figure 1). Three val- watersheds, contributing with spring and surface water leys (Klausbach valley, Wimbach valley and Königssee to brooks and rivers that in turn contribute to defined valley) stretch from south to north, separating four lowland river systems. Therefore, it is indispensible mountain massifs. Dominant rock formations are to understand the characteristics of subsurface water Triassic Dachstein limestone and Ramsau dolomite, flow and its effect on the regional hydrology. More- whereas Jurassic and Cretaceous rock series are also over, system understanding is absolute necessary to present. The banked limestone with a layer thickness predict future changes in the light of climate change. of up to 1 000 metres, on top of 300 metres of dolo- Many studies in karstified areas focus on small-scale mite, reaches an altitude of up to 2 100 m. The three effects of karst conduits by examining spring hy- main tectonic units in the area are arranged in such a drographs, chemographs and tracer breakthrough way that the base Tirolicum is covered by the Lower curves – to define the size and the characteristics of Juvavicum, which is itself beneath the Upper Juvavi- one individual spring aquifer (Birk et al. 2004; Bonacci cum. Alpine orogenic processes have produced the 1993; Einsiedl et al. 2005; Geyer et al. 2008; Grasso et typical slope and inclined stratification of the existing al. 2003; Hauns et al. 2001; Kovács et al. 2005; Smart rock formations (Fischer 2005; Langenscheidt 1994). 1988). Other approaches concentrate on karst genesis The soluble limestone was exposed to karstification or theoretical conduit flow (Sauter et al. 2006; White processes since the Alpine thrust, which took place in 2002). Those studies do not provide answers to ques- different phases. Typical karst phenomena in the re- tions about karst effects on the comprehensive water gion are the presence of sinkholes, basins, dry stream balance of an Alpine headwater catchment. Ques- beds, caves and furrows. An exceptional characteristic tions remain: how much water redistributes from one is the Wimbach valley, which is filled with 300 m thick subbasin (valley) to another through flow channels in layer of glacial deposits, consisting mainly of dolomite mountain massifs? Can we quantify groundwater flow rock that forms a porous aquifer. in karstified mountains? This review paper summarizes all previous research in River hydrology the study area with a focus on the water balance in The rivers Klausbach and Wimbach and Königsseer the region. It aims to emphasize all outcomes indicat- Ache drain three parallel valleys stretching from south ing karst influence for the whole watershed or single to north (Figure 1). The Klausbach is a sinking stream subbasins. This knowledge provides profound insights during low flow conditions and the Wimbach is only into how the system is functioning and is the basis for emerging at a dam in the Wimbachtal that restrains the the current research project in the Berchtesgaden wa- glacial deposits. The Königsseer Ache is draining lake tershed describing the water balance, with a focus on Königssee. The Klausbach, draining the most western snow and groundwater storage, using the determinis- valley and later called Ramsauer Ache, receives the tic model WaSiM-ETH (Schulla & Jasper 2007). The Wimbach from the south, plus the Bischofswiesener outcome of this paper helps to improve the distrib- Ache from a northerly direction. In Berchtesgaden, uted model WaSiM-ETH for the area with respect to the Ramsauer Ache and Königsseer Ache together groundwater flow and its influence on the hydrology form the Berchtesgadener Ache which flows north. of the basin. The new model set-up will help to un- Further down, the Almbach and Rothmannbach Gabriele Kraller, Ulrich Strasser
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Traces to the Oldest Flint and Rock Crystal Mining Places in the Austrian
    Stéfan Tzortzis et Xavier Delestre (dir.) Archéologie de la montagne européenne Actes de la table ronde internationale de Gap, 29 septembre-1er octobre 2008 Publications du Centre Camille Jullian Traces to the oldest flint and rock crystal mining places in the Austrian Alps Les plus anciens sites d’extraction de silex et de cristal de roche dans les Alpes autrichiennes Walter Leitner Éditeur : Publications du Centre Camille Jullian, Éditions Errance Lieu d'édition : Aix-en-Provence Année d'édition : 2010 Date de mise en ligne : 13 février 2020 Collection : Bibliothèque d’archéologie méditerranéenne et africaine ISBN électronique : 9782957155736 http://books.openedition.org Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 juin 2010 Référence électronique LEITNER, Walter. Traces to the oldest flint and rock crystal mining places in the Austrian Alps In : Archéologie de la montagne européenne : Actes de la table ronde internationale de Gap, 29 septembre-1er octobre 2008 [en ligne]. Aix-en-Provence : Publications du Centre Camille Jullian, 2010 (généré le 03 avril 2020). Disponible sur Internet : <http://books.openedition.org/pccj/337>. ISBN : 9782957155736. II. CHRONOLOGIES, PALÉO-ENVIRONNEMENT, MODALITÉS DE FRÉQUENTATION ET D’EXPLOITATION Fig. 1. Map of Western Austria with the four find-spots in the investigation area (Landsat/ESA ©). Fig. 2. The wooded hilltop of the Bärenkopf in the Gemsteltal. The red circle marks the mining area (© Walter Leitner). Fig. 3. Stepped formation of the radiolarite layers as a result of man-made reduction (© Walter Leitner). 152 Traces to the oldest flint and rock crystal mining places in the Austrian Alps Walter leiTner* Abstract. Recently the Institute of Archaeology (Dep.
    [Show full text]
  • Route Tauernradweg (Pdf)
    Dort, wo die Krimmler Wasserfälle tosend in die Tiefe rauschen, liegt der Ausgangspunkt zum Tauernradweg. TAUERNRADWEG GENUSSTOUR ZWISCHEN WASSERFÄLLEN UND MOZARTSTADT Entlang der Flüsse Salzach und Saalach und vor der Bergkulisse der Tauern bietet diese Route eine bemerkenswerte Anzahl an herausragen- den Naturszenarien und kulturellen Höhepunkten zwischen dem Salz- burger Land und Oberösterreich. DIE HIGHLIGHTS DER ROUTE Faszinierender kann ein Tourbeginn nicht sein. Mit den Krimmler Tauernradwegrunde: Zusehends gefragter wird die- IM ÜBERBLICK Wasserfällen, den höchsten Mitteleuropas, präsentiert sich ein ser Klassiker als 270 km lange, grenzüberschreiten- • Krimmler Wasserfälle fesselndes Naturschauspiel: tosend in die Tiefe stürzendes de Rundstrecke. Der Ausgangspunkt ist beliebig • Nationalparkzentrum Wasser, dessen Sprühregen den Radfahrern eine wohltuende wählbar. Startet man in der Mozartstadt Salzburg, Mittersill Abkühlung beschert. Am Rande des Nationalparks Hohe Tauern wird über Bad Reichenhall und Lofer nach Zell am • Liechtensteinklamm und vor herrlicher Bergkulisse geht es der Salzach entlang. Nicht See geradelt. In Zell am See bringt die neue Pinzgau- St. Johann-Alpendorf verpassen sollte man das Nationalparkzentrum in Mittersill oder er Lokalbahn den Radwanderer nach Krimml. Die • Burg Hohenwerfen das neue Tauern Spa in Kaprun. Hier bieten sich auch die Stau- Besichtigung der eindrucksvollen Wasserfälle ist • Eisriesenwelt, größte seen Glockner-Kaprun und der Großglockner als lohnenswerte Pflicht, ehe man entlang der Salzach zurück nach Eishöhle der Welt Abstecher an. Salzburg radelt. • Kelten- und Salinenstadt Gemütlicher geht es weiter zu den Stauseen der Pongauer Via Culinaria: (www.via-culinaria.com) Zu guter Letzt Hallein Salzachkraftwerke, an denen in den letzten Jahren schöne Rad- sei auch die kulinarische Vielfalt dieser Tour er- • Schloss & Zoo Hellbrunn wege entstanden sind.
    [Show full text]
  • Linie 849 Kehlsteinhaus/Eagles Nest the Most Asked
    Linie 849 Kehlsteinhaus/eagles nest The most asked questions 1.Where can I find the Eagle’s Nest bus departure point? It is near the Documentation Center on Obersalzberg. GPS Coordinates: Salzbergstraße 45, 83471 Berchtesgaden 2. Can you give me directions? From the A8 over Bad Reichenhall or Salzburg Süd to Berchtesgaden, continue on the Obersalzbergstrasse to parking 1 or 2 on Obersalzberg. 3. How can I visit the Eagle’s Nest? The Eagle’s Nest buses depart every 25 min. for the upper bus parking area. There you must get your bus ticket stamped with your desired return time. From there a tunnel takes you 124 m to the elevator, where you ascend another 124 m directly into the building itself. If you don’t want to take the elevator you can also walk up the foot path located a bit further down the road where you will see a small marked path on the left. 4. Can I drive directly from Berchtesgaden to the Eagle’s Nest? You can either take bus # 838 or drive to the Eagle’s Nest bus departure point. From there only the (RVO) Eagle’s Nest buses are allowed to continue to the Eagle’s Nest. 5. When can the Eagle’s Nest be visited? The Eagle’s Nest is open from the middle of May until the end of October depending on weather. 6. When do the Eagle’s Nest buses depart? Do they operate daily? The buses depart daily every 25 min. beginning at 7:40 and ending at 16:00.
    [Show full text]
  • Must See Attractions and Sights
    Highlights · Tips Must see Attractions and Sights Great Heights - Top Sights www.berchtesgadener-land.com u1 1 Bad Reichenhall Respiratory Rehabilitation Center Breathe In the Alpine Air … … Salt Brine - open air inhalation facility ... Royal Spa Park … Alpine Salt & Alpine Brine attractions … Hiking & relaxing paradise … Bad Reichenhall Philharmonic Spa Park Concerts … 3 kilometers of shopping in the historic old town … Elegant cafes and shady beer gardens … Rupertus Therme Spa & Family Resort ... Spa and Health ... Alpine Pearls Bayerisches Staatsbad Bad Reichenhall/Bayerisch Gmain Wittelsbacherstraße 15 Tel.: +49 (0)8651 6060 www.bad-reichenhall.de [email protected] u2 A vacation of your own making elaxing or on the go, reaching the heights or simply getting away from it all – vacationing in the Berchtesgadener Land means a complete change of scenery and a large variety of activities and entertainment of the highest order. Nature, art, culture, culina- ry specialties, history, wellness – allow yourself to be impressed, moved and even inspired by our region! Lush meadows, rolling hills, rugged cliffs: The Berchtesgadener Land is spectacular and R unrivalled in its variety. Have a look at our brochure and discover the highlights and secret tips about the Berchtesga- dener Land. Then put together your own dream vacation! Have fun in your discovery and above all enjoy your time with us! Contents Bad Reichenhall U2 Lakes and Sights 4 – 5 Gorges, Canyons and Dams 6 – 7 Heights and Depths – Exhilarating 8 – 9 Cable Cars and Special
    [Show full text]
  • The Eagle's Nest Is Located in Berchtesgaden
    media information… The Eagle’s Nest (Kehlsteinhaus 1,834m) The so-called Eagle’s Nest teahouse (Kehlsteinhaus) was offered to Adolf Hitler on the occasion of his 50th birthday with the aim of using it for representation purposes for official guests. The challenging construction of the Eagle’s Nest, including the access road was completed in some 13 months’ time. The road leading up to the Eagle’s Nest upper bus terminal area is Germany’s highest and is considered a unique feat of engineering. The brass-line elevator that gives access to the summit is also a distinctive feature of this world-famous attraction. Today the Eagle’s Nest is open to the public and can be seen in its original form. Thanks to its many visitors, proceeds from this sightsseing attraction are used for charitable purposes. Location: The Eagle's Nest is located in Berchtesgaden. Special mountain buses depart every 25 min from Obersalzberg (Kehlsteinbusabfahrt). The journey takes about a quarter of an hour each way. From the parking area at the top, visitors walk 124m (406ft) through a tunnel to the original elevator. The lift transports up to 46 passengers at a time up into the Eagle's Nest building. Local Events and cultural highlights: Road and weather conditions permitting, the building and its road access are open from around mid-May through October. On clear days, visitors to the Eagle’s Nest are rewarded with spectacular views over the Berchtesgaden area, Lake Königssee and Salzburg, as well as with a grandiose mountain panorama of the majestic Berchtesgaden Alps.
    [Show full text]
  • From Upper Triassic of the Northern Ca
    STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 2, 2003, 101-111 HIRUNDOPORELLA DACHSTEINENSIS N. GEN., N. SP., A NEW PROBLEMATIC DASYCLADALE (GREEN ALGA) FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC OF THE NORTHERN CALCAREOUS ALPS, AUSTRIA. FELIX SCHLAGINTWEIT1, HARALD LOBITZER2 & OSKAR EBLI3 ABSTRACT. A new problematic dasycladale is described as Hirundoporella dachsteinensis nov. gen., n. sp. from the Upper Triassic bedded Dachstein Limestone of Mount Dachstein, Austria. It is characterized by individualized phloiophorous laterals, open at the ends and secondary laterals of low number arising in the middle part of the primaries. Nothing is known about the obviously thin and poorly calcified main-axis and the overall arrangement of the primaries. The microfacies is represented by a wackestone composed to about 70 % of dismembered laterals of Hirundoporella dachsteinensis n. sp. Key Words: Calcareous Algae, Dasycladales, Upper Triassic, Norian-Rhaetian, Dachstein Limestone, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria INTRODUCTION The Austroalpine Dachstein nappe with the Dachstein mountains is part of the Triassic shallow marine carbonate shelf that at its southern rim bordered the Tethys ocean with the adjacent deeper water Hallstatt realm (e.g. Haas et al., 1995, Mandl 2000). The Upper Triassic Dachstein-type platforms are widespread in the Mediterranean realm and even Japan (Kristan-Tollmann 1991). The Dachstein facies comprises reefs at the southern border, northward passing into back-reef and lagoonal deposits of the so-called “bedded Dachstein limestone” (e.g. Zankl 1971). The latter exhibits a typical cyclicity, the so-called “Lofer cyclothems” (layer A, B, C) studied by Fischer (1964). With respect to the reefal and near-reef facies, a more detailed differentiation has been established with typical assemblages of benthic foraminifera and dasycladales (Senowbari-Daryan & Schäfer, 1978, 1979; Wurm, 1982).
    [Show full text]
  • Das Naturschutzgebiet Am Königssee in Den Berchtesgadener Alpen
    Das Naturschutzgebiet am Königssee in den Berchtesgadener Alpen. Mit einer Karte im Texte. 192 1 Verlag vom Bund Naturschutz in Bayern Für den Buchhandel bei der J. Lindauerschen Universitäts-Buchhandlung (Schöpping), M ün ch en. In Berchtesgaden bei Eugen Richter, alpiner Verlag. Preis 3 Mark. I. Denkschrift für die Errichtung eines Naturschutz­ gebietes am Königssee. 1. Allgemeines. Von Dr. K. Freiherr von Tubeuf, Universitätsprofessor, I. Vorsitzender des Bundes Naturschutz in Bayern und des Vereins für Naturkunde. Im Herbste des Jahres 1916 tauchte das Projekt auf, an einer der schönsten Steil wände des Königssees zur Kriegserinnerung einen assyrischen Löwen in riesigen Ausmaßen auszumeißeln. Die Mün• ehener Neuesten Nachrichten lehnten in richtigem Empfinden diesen grotesken Plan aufs lebhafteste ab; auch im Landesausschuß für Natur­ pflege gab es trotz des Eintretens einer einflußreichen Künstlerstimme scharfe Opposition. Als aber denhoch eine Kommission höchster Beamten am Hoflager in Berchtesgaden über den Plan zlJr Beratung zusammenkam, da schrieb ich im ersten aufwallenden Unmute eine scharfe Abwehr. Sie erschien am 4. Oktober in der genannten Zeitung. - Zum Glück ist die Ausführung des Denkmales unter­ blieben. - Wiederum sind es Anschläge auf den Königssee, die alle wahren Naturfreunde zu erhöhter Wachsamkeit aufwecken, zu ein­ mütigem Eintreten für die Wahrung bedrohter Natur, auf den Plan rufen. Es gibt keinen Teil der bayerischen Berge, wo die Natur, dank ihrer Unzugänglichkeit noch so rein und jungfräulich, so ernst und gewaltig vor den Eingriffen und Verunstaltungen des Menschen be­ wahrt geblieben ist wie gerade das Königsseegebiet. Es gibt. kein anderes, was so sehr einen unberührt gebliebenen Naturpark dar­ stellt, was so sehr geeignet ist zum Naturschutzpark erklärt zu werden wie der Königssee mit den ihn umschließenden Bergen.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Excursion BASE-Line Earth
    Geological Excursion BASE-LiNE Earth (Graz Paleozoic, Geopark Karavanke, Austria) 7.6. – 9.6. 2016 Route: 1. Day: Graz Paleozoic in the vicinity of Graz. Devonian Limestone with brachiopods. Bus transfer to Bad Eisenkappel. 2. Day: Visit of Geopark Center in Bad Eisenkappel. Walk on Hochobir (2.139 m) – Triassic carbonates. 3. Day: Bus transfer to Mezica (Slo) – visit of lead and zinc mine (Triassic carbonates). Transfer back to Graz. CONTENT Route: ................................................................................................................................... 1 Graz Paleozoic ...................................................................................................................... 2 Mesozoic of Northern Karavanke .......................................................................................... 6 Linking geology between the Geoparks Carnic and Karavanke Alps across the Periadriatic Line ....................................................................................................................................... 9 I: Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 9 II. Tectonic subdivision and correlation .............................................................................10 Geodynamic evolution ...................................................................................................16 Alpine history in eight steps ...........................................................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • High-Mountain Permafrost in the Austrian Alps (Europe)
    HIGH-MOUNTAIN PERMAFROST IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS (EUROPE) Gerhard Karl Lieb Institute of Geography University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 36 A-8010 Graz e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Permafrost research in the Austrian Alps (Eastern Alps) is based on a variety of methods, including at large scales, the measurement of the temperature of springs and of the base of winter snow cover, and at small scales, mainly an inventory of some 1450 rock glaciers. Taking all the information available into consideration, the lower limit of discontinuous permafrost is situated near 2500 m in most of the Austrian Alps. These results can be used for modelling the permafrost distribution within a geographical information system. Detailed investi- gations were carried out in the Doesen Valley (Hohe Tauern range) using additional methods, including several geophysical soundings. In this way, realistic estimates of certain permafrost characteristics and the volume of a large active rock glacier (some 15x106m3) were possible. This rock glacier has been chosen as a monitoring site to observe the effects of past and future climatic change. Introduction snow cover (BTS) and geophysical soundings, such as seismic, geoelectric, electromagnetic and ground pene- Although mountain permafrost in the Austrian Alps trating radar surveys have been published (survey and has caused construction problems and damage to buil- references in Lieb, 1996). The best results for mapping dings at several high-altitude locations, specific investi- the mere existence of permafrost were obtained by mea- gations of permafrost did not start until 1980. Since suring spring temperatures and BTS, both procedures then, studies of the distribution and certain characteris- being easily applicable and providing quite accurate tics of permafrost have been carried out at a number of interpretation.
    [Show full text]
  • Tickets Excursion Tips
    Excerpt from BLB timetable 2020 valid from 15th December 2019 to 12th December 2020 - for further connections: www.blb.info Free timetable app The whole timetable is available at BLB Service Center in Freilassing and Berchtesgaden and also at the Service Center of Salzburger Lokalbahn at the railway station in Salzburg. Scan into your smartphone with QR code app and learn more! hour 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 hour 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 RB RE RB station * * * * * * * * * * station * * * * * * * * * * * Salzburg Hbf dep. 42 23 42 23 42 23 42 23 42 23 42 12 42 23 42 23 42 23 42 23 42 Berchtesgaden Hbf dep. 28 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Salzburg Mülln-Altstadt 44 25 44 25 44 25 44 25 44 25 44 14 44 25 44 25 44 25 44 25 44 Bischofswiesen 37 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Salzburg Aiglhof 46 27 46 27 46 27 46 27 46 27 46 16 46 27 46 27 46 27 46 27 46 Bayerisch Gmain 52 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 Salzburg Taxham Europark 48 29 48 29 48 29 48 29 48 29 48 18 48 29 48 29 48 29 48 29 48 Bad Reichenhall-Kirchberg 56 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 Salzburg Liefering 50 31 50 31 50 31 50 31 50 31 50 22 50 31 50 31 50 31 50 31 50 Bad Reichenhall Hbf arr.
    [Show full text]
  • Das Steinerne Meer
    Von Hütte zu Hütte Das Steinerne Meer www.alpenverein.at www.naturfreunde.de www.alpenverein.de Große Sommer-Reib’n durch das Steinerne Meer Der größte der neun Gebirgsstöcke der Berchtesgadener Alpen wirkt je nach Aussichtspunkt wie ein zu Stein gewordenes Meer mit wogenden (steinernen) Wellen – daher auch der Name. Das Steinerne Meer ist ein beliebtes Ziel für den bergerfahrenen Wanderer. Durch die vielen Hütten und die sie verbindenden Wege bietet sich das Gebiet ideal für Hüttentouren an. Die sich zahlreich ergebenden Möglichkeiten für den Hüttenzustieg und die ringför- mige Verteilung der drei Haupthütten (Ingolstädter-, Riemann- und Kärlingerhaus) ermöglichen vielfältige Varianten für Wanderungen im Steinernen Meer. Wir haben uns bei unserem Tourenvorschlag an die unter Skitourengehern bekannte „Große Reib’n“ gehalten und versucht sie für Hüttenwanderer auf den Sommer zu über- tragen. Die Wanderungen durch das westliche Hagengebirge und das Steinerne Meer stellen den landschaftliche Höhepunkt der Berchtesgadener Alpen dar. Nicht zuletzt führt ein Großteil der Wanderung durch die Kernzone des einzigen Alpennationalparks Impressum: Deutschlands. Besonders eindrucksvoll gestaltet sich das Wandern Hüttenbesitzende Sektionen des OeAV, DAV und NaturFreunde München • auf der zentralen Hochfläche, dort kann man stundenlang vor sich Konzeption: Herbert Thummerer, Hüttenreferent Ingolstädter-Haus • Beschrei- hinwandern und fühlt sich wie in einem Felsenmeer. bung der Zugänge, Übergänge und Gipfel: Bernhard Kühnhauser • Layout: Gschwendtner & Partner • Druck: Berchtesgadener Anzeiger • Auflage: 50.000 Dabei sollte jedoch nie die Wetterentwicklung aus den Augen Haftung: verloren werden, denn ein plötzlicher Wetterumschwung mit Nebel Informationen wurden gewissenhaft von den Sektionen erhoben, alle Angaben erschwert schnell die Orientierung und macht auch schon mal im ohne Gewähr und jeglichen Haftungsanspruch.
    [Show full text]
  • Extended Abstract 8. Forum 2007
    8. Forum DKKV/CEDIM: Disaster Reduction in Climate Change 15./16.10.2007, Karlsruhe University 2-step flood warning system for railways T. Nester1, U. Drabek1, C. Rachoy3, A. Schöbel2 1Institute for Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, E-Mail: [email protected], phone: +4315880122313 2Institute for Railway Engineering, Traffic Economics and Ropeways, Vienna University of Technology, Austria 3ÖBB Infrastruktur Betrieb AG, infra.SERVICE, Naturgefahrenmanagement, Vienna, Austria 1 Introduction Due to the slope of rivers many railway lines in alpine regions follow the course of rivers. This often turns out to be the only possible way for an economic and reasonable design of railway lines. In case of extreme precipitation not only the danger of flooded or washed out railway tracks has to be kept in mind, but also the possible danger for passengers on a train. In the last years a series of flood events caused the national railway operator ÖBB to close down several tracks: In August 2002 a passenger train was stopped by a flood wave at the Salzach river between Werfen and Golling (Figure 1); in 2005 the railway connection between Tyrol and Vorarlberg had to be closed down for three months due to heavy damage on the tracks caused by floods; in the same year, tracks were flooded along the river March in Lower Austria. These events caused the ÖBB to commission a project to develop a warning system to ensure the safe transport of passengers and goods. The aspired lead time is in the range of 2 to 4 hours.
    [Show full text]