September 13, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26845

MISSISSIPPI TEXAS Earl C. Dresbach, Jr. Herman L. Mixson Bessie Y. Swedenburg, Mayhew, Miss., in Lowell L. Nafe, Argyle, Tex., in place of Edward W. Dzialo Donald E. Morin place of M. B. Morris, retired. L. M. Thompson, retired. William F. Harrell Thomas E. Mulvihill James M. Hayes Arthur A. Nelson, Jr. Maxine A. Hodges, Toccopola, Miss., in VIRGINIA place of K. Y. Patton, deceased. James S. Hecker Joseph A. Nelson Ruth H. Pruden, Crittenden, Va., in place Gilbert R. Hershey Noah C. New MISSOURI of N. H. Mason, retired. Marvin M. Hewlett Thomas P. Alva c. Clark, Ballwin, Mo., in place of K. Marvin B. Howell, Red Ash, Va., in place of Ralph A. Heywood O'Callaghan E. Feldmann, retired. 0. M. Brooks, retired. Twyman R. Hill Frederic o. Olson NEBRASKA Charles B. Snyder, Woodstock, Va., in place Kurt L. Hoch Owen L. Owens of J. S. Clower, retired. Frank X. Hoff Thurman Owens Dale O. Dallegge, Bartlett, Nebr., in place of WASHINGTON Donald E. Holben Robert E. Parrott E. M. Ball, retired. Joseph J. Holicky, Jr. William c. Patton NEW JERSEY Orville R., Amondson, Centralia, Wash., in Louis S. Hollier, Jr. Clifford J. Peabody place of F. M. Moses, retired. Glenn R. Hunter Eddie E. Pearcy Richard M. Degnan, Glen Gardner, N.J., in Mary J. Petterson, Eastsound, Wash., in place of R. c. DeRemer, deceased. David G. Jones Richard F. Peterson place of E. B. Gibson, deceased. Edward H. Jones William Plaskett, Jr. NEW YORK Lydia Roosendaal, Southworth, Wash., in Douglas T. Kane William D. Pomeroy Thomas L. Mooney, Bolivar, N.Y., in place place of Dick Roosendaal, deceased. John H. Keith, Jr. Albert R. Pytko of H.F. Sackinger, deceased. WEST VIRGINIA James P. Kelly Richard H. Rainforth Edwin P. Kennedy, Cazenovia, N.Y., in Walter C. Kelly Walter L. Redmond place of L. E. Hendrix, retired. Arlene F. Chambers, Bolt, W. Va., in place of A. A. Farmer, resigned. William A. Kerr Jack L. Reed NORTH CAROLINA Joseph D. Corns, Davin, W. Va., in place Robert King, Jr. James H. Reeder John R. Nichols, Jacksonville, N.C., in place of Ruth Corns, retired. Charles S. Kirchmann Robert V. Reese of W. H. Willis, retired. Frederick M. Klepp- Carroll D. Rowe, Sr. WISCONSIN sattel, Jr. John C. Scharfen OHIO Charles T. Lydon, Kendall, Wis., in place Wilson A. Kluckman George R. Scharnberg Homer L. McCarty, Cheshire, Ohio, in place of Q. B. Collins, transferred. Francis R. Kraince Richard J. Schening of Phyllis Hawley, retired. Alice M. Tourtillott, Neopit, Wis., in place Frederick S. Knight Robert B. Sinclair Josephine A. Price, Jacksonville, Ohio, in of V. E. Sickler, retired. Robert J. Lahr Clyde H. Slay,ton, Jr. place of H. J. Seckinger, retired. WYOMING James M. Landrigan Joris J. Snyder Henry J. Climer, Londonderry, Ohio, in John J. Leogue Walter E. Sparling place of V. L. Detty, resigned. James E. Poelma, Carpenter, Wyo., in place Dean W. Lindley Charles R. Stephenson Tom I. Murray, Novelty, Ohio, in place of of V. M. Pacheco, retired. Verle E. Ludwig III E. C. Schumaker, retired. IN THE MARINE CORPS Joseph W. Malcolm, Thomas J. Stevens Barbara J. Walters, Saint Johns, Ohio, in The following-named. officers of the Marine Jr. Richard M. Taylor place of Eileen Martin, retired. Corps for permanent appointment to the Andrew V. Marusak, William W. Taylor grade of major general: Jr. William G. Timme OKLAHOMA Donald L. May Henry A. F. Virgil G. Frey, Amorita, Okla., in place of Hugh M. Elwood Marion E. Carl Donn J. Robertson Arthur H. Adams Gene M. McCain Vonderheyde, Jr. B. J. Platts, retired. Alfred F. McCaleb, Charles M. Wallace, Jr. Elwood 0. Mallow, Geronimo, Okla., in Lowell E. English Louis Metzger William G. Thrash Jr. Marshall A. Webb, Jr. place of Lucretia Dickson, retired. The following-named officers of the Marine Stewart B. McCarty, Raymond J. Weber Robert R. Stephens, Purcell, Okla., in place Corps for permanent appointment to the Jr. Paul Weiler of D. S. Williams, retired. grade of brigadier general: James McDaniel Wallace Wessel OREGON George C. Axtell Foster C. LaHue Gordon D. McPherson Charles T. Westcott D. s. Rogers, Government Camp, Oreg., in George D. Webster Charles F. Widdecke George A. Merrill William J. White place of J. L. Hagen, transferred. James A. Feeley, Jr. Louis H. Wilson, Jr. Edward B. Meyer Royce M. Williams The following-named officers of the Marine George F. Meyers Robert L. Willis PENNSYLVANIA Corps for temporary appointment to the Jack L. Miles Howard Wolf Wllliam J. Gardner, Howard, Pa., in place of grade of colonel, subject to qualification Richard R. Miller Kermit M. Worley D. B. Gardner, retired. therefc.r as provided by law: Robert T. Miller Robert E. Young Walter L. Wheaton, Warren Center, Pa., in Robert V. Anderson Sherwood A. Brunnen- John F. Miniclier Wilbur K. Zaudtke place of L. F. Jones, deceased. Clark Ashton meyer John F. Mitchell Marvin S. Feist, White Haven, Pa., in place Louis Baerlswyl, Jr. George W. Callen of S. M. Braybrook, retired. Roscoe L. Barrett, Jr. George G. Chambers, PUERTO RICO Arthur C. Beverly Jr. Herbert J. Blaha Allen B. Clark CONFIRMATIONS Jose A. Ramirez, Caguas, P.R., in place of Charles H. Bodley Morris D. Cooke Angel Socorro, retired. William W. Eldridge, Clifford D. Corn Executive nominations confirmed by SOUTH CAROLINA Jr. James M. Cummings the Senate September 13, 1968: James R. Carter, Longs, S.C., in place of Dean E. Esslinger William M. Cummings U.S. CIRCUIT JUDGE G. L. Shaw, deceased. William S. Fagan Bertram H. Curwen, Jr. William J. Holloway, Jr., of Oklahoma, to Alfred F. Garrotto Olairence G. Dahl be U.S. circuit judge, 10th circuit. TENNESSEE William F. Gately, Jr. William J. Davis Marie S. Sampson, Fall Branch, Tenn., in Donald E. Gilman F.dmund G. Derning, U.S. DISTRICT JUDGE place of Annie Bacon, retired. John C. Boulware Jr. Lawrence Gubow, of Michigan, to be U.S. Paul L. Hicks, Joelton, Tenn., in place of Lawrence J. Bradley Jack N. Dillard district judge for the eastern di.strict of M. B. Reasoner, retired. James T. Breckinridge James W. Dillon Michigan.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS PUBLIC PRINTER ANSWERS WASH­ reply to these allegations, which in my read it with a sense of dis1llusionment-dis­ INGTON URBAN LEAGUE view is wholly responsive to the charges illusionment in the fa.ct that the Urban of bias and discrimination leveled at the League and the Council for Negro Progress Government Printing Office. in Government are apparently unaware of what has been done and is now being done HON. CARL HAYDEN There being no objection, the letter in the Government Printing Office to develop OF ARIZONA was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, career opportunities for all of our employees IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES as follows: without regard to race, color, religion, sex, Friday, September 13, 1968 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, national origin, or political affiliation. Washington, D.C., September 13, 1968. I would first like to point out that the Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, recently Mr. JOHN E. JACOB, Government Printing Office ls one of the few the Government Printing Office was the Acting Executive Director, Washington Urban agencies in the Washington, D.O., area that object of a series of allega.tions by the League, Inc. provides a substantial amount of employ­ Urban League of Washington and the Mr. ALONZO C. BARNETT, ment where the greatest need exists-at the Council for Negro Progress in Government, unskilled level. We hire and offer unlimited Council for Negro Progress in Govern­ Washington, D.G. opportunity for the under-trained to learn ment. I should like to insert in the REC­ DEAR MR. JACOB and Mr. BARNE'rl': I re­ marketable skills and to advance to salary ORD Public Printer James L. Harrison's ceived your letter of September 5, 1968, and levels virtually unreachable in other places EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1968 of employment. Few employers, Federal or GG-9 through 11 is higher than the gov­ As part of the Civil Service examination, otherwise, open such g,reat a.venues of op­ ernmentwide average and I might point out all applicants for these jobs must lift and portunity to the unskilled. that there are a significant number of Negroes shoulder an 80-pound mail sack to demon­ The relative position of the Negro minority in this Office whose annual income exceeds strate their capability to lift heavy weights. in the Government Printing Office is apparent that of Grade,GG-12. Applicants are informed of both the test when the Civil Service Commission "Study of Supervisory positions fall into three cate­ and the type of work which they wlll do Minor.tty Group Employment in the Federal gories: (1) supervisors of journeyman em­ via a mimeographed sheet. (See Attachment Government, 1967" is carefully examined. ployees, (2) supervisors of wage board em­ 2.) 1 The le,tter of request for applicants to Significantly, the rate of upward progress for ployees, and (3) supervisors of professional, take the strength test again notes this re­ Negroes for several years has been greater in administrative, and clerical employees. At quirement. (See Attachment 3.)1 Upon ver­ this Office than in the total Federal estab­ the present time there are 127 Negro super­ bal request, applicants are taken to the lishment, a.nd our position has improved even visors in the Government Printing Office work site to see working conditions. more since that report was issued. supervising wage board and professional, ad­ In all cases, by the time of entrance-on­ There is no established system solely for ministrative, and clerical employees. duty, these individuals have been well in­ progression of Negro employees to higher level We have a pre-supervisory training pro­ formed about the type of work they will be positions. However, there a.re a number of gram, and have been pleased to note that doing, and particularly that they might be plans in the Government Printing Office for a number of Negro journeymen have suc­ expected to lift heavy weights continually the progression of untrained persons (most cessfully completed the program and are during the day. Only employees who specifi­ of whom in the Government Printing Office now being considered for supervisory posi­ cally apply for this type of work are as­ are Negroes) to journeyman status-the tions as they become vacant. Due to the fact signed to these duties. The 180 to 190 stepping stone to most higher level posiUons. that the ratio of supervisors to employees in pounds that is referred to here is lifted by Since my appointment in 1961, through these the printing industry is generally very small, two printing plant workers and falls within programs over 200 Negroes have attained and our turnover at the Government Printing those general guidelines. The Office has been craft positions paying a.n average of $10,000 Office is very low, there are relatively few op­ conducting an engineering survey to deter­ per year, not including night differential or portunities for promotion to supervisory rank mine whether better equipment is available overtime. Gross incomes of $14,000 to $16,000 for the over 2,000 journeymen on the rolls. for handling heavy materials. per year, including night differential and A number of Negro employees, who would be A Negro has been serving for nearly a year overtime, are not unusual in this group. very fine supervisors, have elected to accept and a half as Deputy Equal Employment Other programs have permitted many to rise planner positions rather than to wait for an Opportunity Officer in this Office, and is a to other well-paid positions. opening. The planner position pays a rate member of my staff. He is exceptionally well The progress made by Negroes since 1961 equivalent to that of assistant foreman. qualified, and has brought an all-important may best be mustra.ted by the increase in At the present time, there are 102 Negroes minority viewpoint to our program for de­ Negro employees in graphic arts training occupying supervisory positions over wage velopment of career opportunities. As a side­ programs. In 1961, there were 63 employees board employees. light, our Deputy Equal Employment Op­ in training programs other than the appren­ As of this date, there are 26 Negroes occupy­ portunity Officer entered this Office as a. tice program, few of whom were Negroes; ing supervisory positions over professional, laborer in 1960, and rose to a. Journeyman today 143 are in such programs, 93 of whom administrative, a.nd clerical employees. craftsman through an in-house training pro­ are Negroes. Basically, the Office is a.n industrial estab­ gram before being appointed to his present The vast majority of the best-paying jobs lishment employing craftsmen and a large position. in this agency are held by craftsmen, and force of non-journeyman printing plant With regard to your demands, I say as the opportunity to achieve craftsman status workers. Over 80 percent of our employees honestly and firmly as I can that all em­ is open to everyone. We operate an apprentice fall into these categories. All appointments ployees without regard to race, creed, sex, training program which in five years or less are made under Civil Service procedures. Al­ national origin, or political affiliation will produces journeyman craftsmen in . such most all the persons certified for appoint­ continue to be treated with equal fairness fields as composition (printing), bookbind­ ment as printing plant workers are Negro. in all personnel matters. The principle of ing, presswork, and offset lithography. Ap­ In 1961, approximately 20 percent of these merit shall be maintained. I shall continue prentices qualify for appointment by a com­ employees were in grades at, or above~ the to provide the maximum in opportunities petitive nationwide examination given by the equivalent of Wage Board Ora.de 3. As a for the disadvantaged. and under-trained Civil Service Commission. r,esult of a classification program which I consistent with the mission of the Office. In 1967, I initiated the practice of reassign­ instituted, today this percentage ha.s in­ In these matters, it is easy to be misled ing a limited number of Government Print­ creased to more than 40 percent at, or above, by capricious reports of bias and discrim­ ing Office employees to the apprentice pro­ the equivalent of Wage Board Grade 3. In ination. As you can see, however, the policies gram each year non-competitively. This was addition, grades equivalent to Wage Board of this Office are designed to eliminate the done to provide added opportunity to those Grades 1 and 2 were combined to provide possibility of such practices. Moreover, most employees of this Office who were unable that all these employees were guaranteed the of our employees are members of organiza­ to score high enough for selection on the top step of Wage Board Grade 2 by the end tions which have been granted exclusive rec­ apprentice competitive examination. Thirty­ of their second year on the rolls. Classifica­ ognition, and which help us prevent such eight were so appointed; 27 were Negroes. tion surveys are continuing, and may result practices. The printing plant workers are Now, almost one-third of our apprentices are in further upgradings. represented by such an organization. Negroes. All printing plant workers have the oppor­ Every employee has the opportunity to Since I have been Public Printer, of 286 tunity to rise through the nonjourneyma.n utilize the procedures provided by Executive graduated from this program, 86 (one-third) grades based on Federal Merit Promotion Order No. 11246, which include appeal to have been Negroes. Some of those who en­ Program procedures. In addition, all have the U.S. Civil Service Commission, if bias tered training during my administration have the opportunity to enter era.ft training. Al­ and discrimination of the type reported to already advanced beyond journeyman status most all of our Negro journeymen were you is alleged. Although some employees have and are now planners and printing cost tech­ trained in our programs. The fact remains made such allegations and have availed .n1cians. These are premium positions with that any industrial plant such as ours will themselves of these procedures in the pa.st, pay scales approximately equivalent to GS-12, have a very large percentage of its employees the record wlll show that when the allega­ and are paid incidentally at the same rate as in the lower grades. Our exceedingly low tions have been fully examined by the Civil assistant foreman positions. turnover prevents most from being pro­ Service Commission, they have invariably I have also instituted an in-house career been found to be without merit. development program. In this program, more moted beyond these levels at a more rapid I hope that this letter will give the Urban than 70 percent of the trainees are Negroes. rate. . League and the Council for Negro Progress Not only does this program include graphic Under Executive Order No. 11246 and its in Government better insight into the true arts crafts, but also offers training for posi­ amendment, Executive Order No. 11376, all position of Negroes in this Office. I also hope tions as electricians, carpenters, pipe and persons, regardless of sex, may compete for you will apply the same principles of justice sheet metal workers, masons, and many simi­ any Civil Service position for which they and fairness which motivates your organiza­ lar occupations. For those who successfully qualify. Assignment of printing plant work­ tions to your evaluation of the accomplish· complete these programs, there is no limit ers is made without regard to applicant's ments of the Government Printing Office in to advancement save their own ability. sex or color. At the present time, it is esti­ developing viable career programs and main­ It is true that there are no Negroes em­ mated that approximately 50 percent of the taining an honest sensitivity to the progress ployed in the Government Printing Office eligibles on the Maintenance and Service of Negroes in this agency. above Grade GG-12, but many of our Negro Workers Washington Metropolitan Area Reg­ We have tried very hard to make thiS journeymen, almost all of whom were trained ister (Announcement No. WA-7-01, dated Office a model of Negro career development. at the Government Printing Office (there are January 10, 1967) are females. (See Attach­ But we know there is still work to be done, very few opportunities for such training out­ ment 1.)1 Out of 100 female printing plant and with your cooper81tion we shall see that side Government) are developing to the point workers on our rolls, 99 are Negroes. It is our Negro employees continue to be afforded where they are now contenders for promo­ rare that a. white printing plant worker is opportunities to reach their full potential in tion to higher level positions. Some have al­ certified to us by the Civil Service Com­ the Government Printing Office. ready been promoted to planner positions. mission. Sincerely, Also, the percentage of Negro employees at JAMES L. HARRISON, the Government Printing Office in Grades 1 Attachments not printed in REcoan. Public Printer. September 13, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REM.ARKS 2684'7 URBAN LEAGUE'S LETTER 5. We have received most disturbing re­ tion in the Government Printing Office, and ports of the slave labor tactics being used in that a workable grievance procedure be Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, for the the Off-Set Press Room on the second floor established. purpase of presenting the full story, I also to force work out of Negro women employed If you fail to act within a reasonable pe­ ask unanimous consent to include the on those heavy press machines. Our repre­ riod of time on behalf of the nearly 4,000 letter which was sent to the Public sentatives visited that section and observed Negroes in the Government Printing Office, Printer. the situation first hand. We found that the Urban League and the Council on Negro There being no objection, the letter Negro women are assigned to lift reams of Progress in Government intend to act. We was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, paper weighing from 180 to 190 pounds and therefore respectfully request a reply by Sep­ as a result of this heavy dirty work some of tember 20, 1968 of corrective action taken or as follows: the ladies have developed poor heaI.th. contemplated in transforming your person­ WASHINGTON URBAN LEAGUE, !NC., The ladies are being used as grease mon­ nel system of operation at the Government Washington, D.O., September 5, 1968. keys, for hauling skids of paper and raw Printing Office. Hon. JAMES L. HARRISON, material around which only men and ma­ Respectfully yours, Public Printer, Government Printing Office, chines perform in other sections of the GPO. JOHN E. JACOB, ACSW, Washington, D.O. Negro male employees assigned to the Print­ Acting Executive Director. DEAR MR. HARRISON: Nine months ago the ing Office resent Negro women being used ALONZO C. BARNETT, Urban League began receiving complaints in this slave type job when white women Council for Negro Progress in Government. from your employees of extreme conditions of are spared this type of heavy, dirty and human fortitude under which Negroes were strenuous laboring job. We must make it working at the Government Printing Office. clear that there are no white women assigned Since that time we have been conducting a to this duty in the. Off-Set Press section. COMBAT-A NEW AND SORELY continuing investigation in order to satisfy We could list the countless cases and ex­ ourselves whether the allegations were true, amples of discrimination in the Government NEEDED PUBLICATION and we now share with you our findings In Printing Office that have turned up during order that these matters can be immediately the course of our investigation including rectified. many pending since 1966, to which no remedy HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK We do not want to go through the awe­ has been offered, but it would be repetitious OF OHIO some task of singling out every individual to do so. We hope these examples listed will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES case at this time although there are some give you an idea of the variety and the broad Thursday, September 12, 1968 outstanding examples of events that have spectrum over which these incidents of dis­ transpired, and some still taking place in crimination Ile. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, with the GPO, in which we believe you would be (We should be happy to supply you with the proliferation of groups and individ­ interested. The ones listed here will merely individual allegations upon request). uals in this country advocating violence .serve to alert you that the Urban League in Consistent with these complaints and re­ and revolution, the average citizen is conjunction with the Councll for Negro Prog­ sultant findings, we: ress in Government, Inc. is greatly disturbed 1. Demand that Negro employees of the utterly confused as to who are the "guys over these incidents of discrimination and is Government Printing Office be given their in the white hats" and just who are the anxious for a quick transformation of the due share of the higher grade positions. people who would create strtfe and chaos system under which the GPO currently con­ Namely grades GS-9 through GS-16, as we among us. For us whose job is to keep ducts its official governmental functions. We understand that at the moment there are abreast of developments in this area, the are opposed to all pockets of discrimination no Negroes assigned in Grades above GS-12 necessary resources are at hand. How­ and repressive measures against black per­ (where there are 104 whites) and only eight ever, adequately getting the news to the sonnel in the Government Printing Office as blacks between GS-9 and GS-12 (where we are indeed concerned and opposed to simi­ there are 98 whites). - public is a monumental task. For in­ lar .practices elsewhere in agencies of the Met­ 2. Strongly urge that you establish a per­ stance, I inserted in the CONGRESSIONAL ropolitan area. Among our findings at the manent promotion system through which RECORD of August 22 extensive material GPO are the following: Negroes as well as other employees can pro­ under the heading, "Violence Caused by 1. We found that of the nearly 8,000 em­ gress to the upper grades. We strongly urge Agitation and Design," which was later ployees at the GPO only white persons that this new system be one that brings reprinted in two parts: one dealing with occupy the higher grade positions and there about equllibriu~ in grade between Negroes the spreading of terror, violence, and re­ is no established system for progression of and whites assigned in all grades but espe­ cially those assigned in Grades GS-4 and bellion, and the other with the distortion Negro employees to those grades. We found of the term, "police brutality." While that almost 90% of the Negroes at GPO are GS-5. We further urge that all Negroes who in grades not above the equivalency grades of have been assigned in Grades GS-1 through this material is serving its purpose, the GS-5 according to Civll Service rating stand­ GS-5 for more than five years be immedi­ need for more reliable sources of infor­ ards and reports. (See attached.) 2 ately promoted as follows: GS-1 to 08-3, tion on this subject is undeniably urgent. 2. We found.that 44% or slightly less than GS-2 to 08-4, 08-3 to OS-5, and be pro­ Fortunately, on September 1 a news­ one-half of your work force in the Govern­ moted annually until their grades fall in letter which seeks to keep the public in­ ment Printing Office are Negroes and as re­ line with .that of white employees of the formed about the revolutionary struggle ported by your office there is only one Negro Pl'.in ting Office. 3. Demand the immediate appointment of in America today, Combat by name, was supervisor appointed among this labor force. made available to the public with its first Contrary to the fair and equal employment black supervisors to Assistant Group Chief, practices provided for by the Civil Rights Act Group Chief and Foreman in all crafts and issue. Edited by the very knowledgeable of 1964 and Executive Order 11246 all super­ in all sections. We also demand the assign­ Theodore Lit and Ruth I. Matthews, both visory positions from Assistant Group Chief, ment of more black employees as Planners. with long histories in the field of com­ Group Chief to Foreman, are given to white 4. Demand a higher quota of journeymen bating revolution and subversion, Com­ personnel. Appointment of persons to these trainees commensurate with the Negro popu­ bat has as its editorial adviser Eugene supervisory positions of course means better lation of the Printing Office and that these employees be given equal opportunities to Lyons, of the Reader's Digest, the author pay and better opportunities for advance­ of various books on international com­ ment of those who work under them, yet complete their programs and be assigned as journeymen. munism and the Soviet Union. It is pub­ these considerations have never been ex­ lished twice monthly by Communications tended to Negro personnel o! the GPO. 6. Demand that all women presently as­ signed to the Off-Set Press Room on the Distribution, Inc., Box 182, Murray Hill 3. We found that although there are Ne­ gro technicians who are as capable as any second floor be immediately upon receipt of Station, New York, N.Y. white employee under your jurisdiction, this letter transferred to the Bindery Sec­ J. Edgar Hoover, in his comments on nearly all promotions made in the GPO go to tion or to other sections where white women law and order, repeatedly stresses public white personnel. We are greatly concerned are assigned and that they be given silllllar duties and opportunities to work. concern and involvement as a prerequi­ with the lack of an a priori policy in the site to reestablishing domestic tran­ Government Printing Office governing all em­ 6. Urge that those employees who were arbitrarily stopped at certain percentage quility in our Nation. Surely, information ployees, and more specially we are concerned concerning those groups and individuals with your policy on promotions with respect rates of their journeyman's wage, be im­ to persons engaged in the crafts. mediately restored to full journeyman's pay. whose dedication to disorder is a matter 4. We found that nearly all low grade jobs 7. Urge that those Negroes who were of public record is a must for respansi­ dropped from their training programs this ble citizens. I believe that Combat will are assigned to blacks, many having been as­ year be restored to the~r progr~ms and that signed in contribute greatly toward airing for pub­ these grades !or the past 20 to 30 every opportunity be given them to complete years without opportunities for training or the training and make progress. lic review the identities and designs of advancement. This particular existence ls not 8. Urge that a Negro be appointed Equal those elements whose activities to date only shameful but disgraceful. Employment .Opportunity Officer and follow­ have caused general alarm today, and ing his appointment, that special efforts be possibly increased havoc tomorrow. • Not reproduced. made to wipe out· all vestiges of discrimina- For a better idea ot the format and 2684!8 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1968 content of this new and welcome news­ antics, and-behind it all-a new revolution from organized Left re his civil rights record. letter, I place the first issue of Combat taking shape. Or, rather, shapelessness. A Spiro Agnew let bitterness show in Cleve­ revolution based on innocent new kinds of land speech: "Dr. Martin Luther King, Whit­ 1n the RECORD at this point: hate. Hatred of parents, of country, and of ney Young and Roy Wilkins [after Detroit [From Combat, Sept. l, 1968) self. Of money, which they burned, of riots] said the same thing I say. Yet I'm NEWLEFT ELATED BY CHICAGO, PLANS FUTURE The System, which they imagined every­ called a white racist." • • • Gun Control DISRUPTIONS-CZECH DEVELOPMENTS SPLIT where in shivery paranoia. Of modern tech­ laws opposed by Black Panthers • • • Dallas U.S. COMMUNISTS, DAILY WORLD SUPPRESSES nology, which they used effectively against Morning News reports increase 1n gun sales PARTY DISSENT-HIPPIES TRIED LSD ON The System. The children's main impulse to people who "want to protect their WATER SUPPLY-CLEAVER GUEST OF XEROX­ was to destroy-in the name of Love, of homes" • • • Syndicated columnist Flora PROFILE OF THE REVEREND JESSE JACKSON course. It is 'what's happening.' Which is al­ Lewis (in Newsday) greets Combat: "Ap­ Far Left Wins Victory in Chicago Streets: ways a good thing to oppose.'' pearance of a revived McCarthyite publica­ Convention city of majority party turned Combat Exclusive: In Chicago, hippies tion looks ominous ... may have more to into armed camp, a first in U.S. history and poured fortune in LSD into reservoirs, ex­ do with the future shape of politics than the a propaganda plus to world Communist pecting to turn convention on. Dismayed at hullabaloo in Chicago . . .'' • • • From movement. Now being used (along with Viet­ lack of results. Reason: Chlorinated water Wallace Johnson (Berkeley, Cal. mayor): "I nam) to fuzz world image of Soviet inva­ instantly neutralizes LSD. Contaminators am quite fammar with what Combat will sion of Czechoslovakia. Demonstrations caught by police and arrested, but news not be dealing with ... We in Berkeley have created tremendous opportunity to recruit given out, fearing panic in city. been wrestling with the problem of radicals young people into far Left, especially idealls­ Czech Crisis Causes Dissension Inside U.S. and anarchists who would like to overthrow tic, disappointed McCarthy followers. Re­ Communist Party: CP boss Gus Hall criti­ this community .. .'' • • • Black Power cent splintering, fracturing of Left (break cized by Party's New York chairman GU Conference now meeting in Philadelphia between Trotskyite and Communist youth) Green, California. chairman Dorothy Healey, (watch for Combat report) • • • Andrew in Student Mobilization Committee to End for his support of Soviet invasion. Green and Cordier, new acting president of Columbia the War in Vietnam not yet a weakness; Healey (plus some Red youth leaders) back University (replacing Grayson Kirk, forced anti-war camp still a place for everyone to Czech democratizing trend. New CP paper. out by student sit-ins) was one of Otto "do his thing." In the crunch (as in Chi­ Daily World (old Daily Worker), though pro­ Otepka's State Dept. security cases, onetime cago) differences fade and Newleft joins in Kremlin, tried to play it cool, re,ported both defender of Alger Hiss, also involved in Bang solid phalanx against police. Street demon­ Soviet, Czech positions, called for Moscow­ Jensen case • • • Oakland jury to get strators mainly white radicals. Negro leaders Prague rapprochement. Healey criticisms not Huey Newton case after Labor Day. impressed by whites' will1ngness to take on reported, however. Czech problem intensi­ Galamison Charged With Sabotage of NYO police in major confrontation. Decentralized fied serious fight at New York party con­ School Board: Plans to decentralize New York targets all over Chicago taught the rank­ vention. Dorothy Healey concerned over ef­ City schools result in violent controversy; and-file comrades what to do back in their fects in U.S. of Kremlin's suppression of president (Mrs. Rose Shapiro) accuses the own communities. All in all, it was valuable Soviet intellectuals seeking freedom of ex­ Rev. Milton A. Galamison (pastor of Siloam learning experience for Newleft. pression. She argues that CPUSA support of Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn) of fomenting Terrorism. planned for all future political Kremlin policy makes Party work difficult "sabotage and vilification" of board; three spectacles: The big question now is: Who among anarchist-libertarian elements in stormy public meetings ( one audience will own the streets? The youthful revolu­ Newleft. Hall's apologia for Soviet invasion speaker arrested) since Galamison's appoint­ tionaries ("the kids," "the dissenters") are increases difficulties. ment last July by Mayor John V. Lindsay. open about their plans in months ahead: Miniskirted Czech girls and longhaired, Even elements sympathetic to experiment (1) increase number of followers (around mod-dressed youth shook invading Russians. fear that independent schools would promote a hard core of 10,000 semi-professional rev­ Young troops especially demoralized, some racism, black separatism, revolution. Gala­ olutionaries; (2) Combine conventional units replaced after only few days in streets. mison's blackground: arrested 9 times street demonstrations with guerrilla-type Prague so Westernized (in just eight months since 1963 in school demonstrations; leader street fighting under slogan, "the streets of comparative freedom) it resembled noth­ of four school boycotts; keynote speaker in belong to the people"; (3) Prevent tradi­ ing Red Army had seen before. Top brass 1964 at founding convention of W.E.B. Du­ tional out-of-door campaigning by non­ worried about longterm effects on morale: Bois Clubs (declared by J. Edgar Hoover as radical candidates, especially in slum, cam­ elite troops were told to crush "counterrev­ "Communist spawned"); speaker in April pus and liberal neighborhoods, which will olution," found none, and know it. 1961 at mass meeting of Brooklyn Fair Play be "theirs", (4) Create pervasive fears of Xerox Host to Snarling Black Panther: for Cuba Committee (Castro-financed agit­ violence at all large political gatherings, such Eldridge Cleaver, Minister of Information of prop organization also promoted by Lee as the Inauguration; (5) Form a new poli­ the revolutionary Black Panther Party and Harvey Oswald) . tical organization, the National Liberation presidential candidate of newleft Peace and Police feud in Oalifornia: Oakland police Front for America, for agitation to stop Viet­ Freedom Party, has served prison term for angry with San Francisco Police Commis­ nam war. These tactics designed to convince rape. Now awaiting trial for attempted sioner Washington E. Garner. Reason: Gar· American people that The System is inher­ murder in "shoot-out" with Oakland police ner presented gold star to Charles R. Garry, ently brutal, must be changed to peNnit last spring. This summer, Xerox Corporation (white) defense attorney for Black Panther "dissent." United front wm be forged by the invited Cleaver to lecture young trainees leader Hu~y P. Newton now on trial for mur­ Oldleft, Newleft, Yippies, and (later) some (mostly Negroes) at Rochester plant; talk der of Oakland policeman. ( Gold star makes black nationalist groups. Revolutionaries not was peppered with profanity, received at first Garry honorary member of San Francisco lacking for sympathy from media, intellec­ with nervous titters, then robust laughter department.) Commissioner Garner (a Ne­ tuals, respectables, chorusing the cry "police and applause. Cleaver suggested trainees "lib­ gro) justifies action on ground that Garry brutality." Recent examples: (1) the be­ erate one of those [Xerox) machines ... has been his friend for twenty years. Would havior of the media during the Chicago con­ one of those great big ones ... and give it do same even if Garry were defending "ac­ vention; (2) vote of American Sociological to the Black Panther Party." He added: cused assassin of Martin Luther King, Jr." Association at Boston to boycott Chicago "Maybe we'll come and burn [Rochester] Garry invoked 5th Amendment in 1957 when for 10 years in protest against "Gestapo-like down, or we'll go down to Xerox and blow it named as member of Community Party. Long Chicago policemen." (This means cancelling up.'' Cleaver also wants "a black finger on active in Communist causes, Garry has been sociological conventions planned for sum­ the nuclear trigger.'' After the nation's a member of the National Lawyers Guild, mers of 1969, 1972 and 1976); (3) Mrs. Perle blacks are organized by Black Panther Party cited as Communist front by Senate (1957) Mesta cancels party for Democratic unity in ("there's a world of difference between 25 and House (1950) committees, since he was Chicago because of "beating up kids by the million armed black people and 25 million admitted to bar 30 years ago. In Newton trial, Chicago police." unarmed niggers"), Panthers "can walk on Garry argues that justice is impossible for Chicago: report on the "Shapeless" .Revo­ any army base and take [ a hydrogen bomb J .'' black revolutionaries in U.S. racist courts. lution--The following was received at press­ Peace and Freedom Party praised by Cleave·r Incredible Leftist Penetration of Catholic time with combat correspondent who was as white ally in fight against "this decadent Organizations exemplified by annual Na­ with rioters in Chicago day and night for bourgeois system." The only way Negroes can tional Liturgical Conference in Washing­ three days-"The army of saintly and cyn­ get the "good life" is to use their power to ton (run by James Colaianni, former manag­ ical waifs besieging their Conrad Hilton Bas­ disrupt The System-"to destroy it 11 we ing editor of Ramparts) . Among featured tille constitutes a. kind of grisly argument don't get it." Xerox executives remained speakers: open Communist Herbert Aptheker, for birth control. It was an epitome of all silent. One Negro trainee whispered to Com­ urban troublemaker Saul Alinsky, former youth styles, strong on rhetoric, short on real bat's source: "Nothing is too insulting for CORE director James Farmer. Harlem's Isaiah violence, all too ready to suffer, hypnotized white Uberals to take I" Robinson (upcoming National Black Power with the obscene incantations of revolution, Briefly: New York Daily News reporter Bill Conference chairman) told delegates racism and on their way to achieving just that de­ Federici said Chica.go police could use les­ is "ingrained in Christian society." Confer­ spite their own half-seriousness. It was Che sons from New York's Finest on mob con­ ence issued "Liturgical Week" statement call­ ing for unconditional Viet bomb halt, pro­ and Bobby and Ho and John Lennon; car­ trol ("New York oops contain the crowds, tection for rights of conscientious objectors. nage and Carnaby Street. It was hours of then go after the agitator .. .'') and treat­ NLC leadership controlled by New Breed taunting, Ininutes of cloudy fighting, tear­ ment of press ("They said: 'Get out of here, idealogues. Few innocent (and bewildered) gas puffed out and out like the respirations of you Bastards, what the hell are you look­ delegates told "don'rt; ask" how conference some chemical dragon; obscenities and ing at?' ") • • • Under continuing attack got sidetracked from Mass to masses. September 13, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26849

Plebiscite on Black Republic in U.S.: Newly (From Combat, Sept. l, 1968) marchers, Arthur Easton, died on a walk formed, Detroit-headquartered Republic of JESSE JACKSON: THE MAN To WATCH from Resurrection City to the Agriculture New Africa (RNA) is planning poll of Ameri­ (By Lionel Lokos, author of the forthcoming Department cafeteria. Jackson charged that can Negroes: Do they want separate bla.ck book, "House Divided: The Life and I;egacy Easton "died begging for a plate of food"­ republic in U.S.? (In '30's, this was pet proj­ of Martin Luther King," the September se­ a lurid falsehood, ignoring the fact that ect of U.S. Communist Party.) Plebiscite idea lection of the Conservative Book Club) almost from the very beginning Agriculture ok'd by RNA's recent Legislative Assembly in had supplied the meals for Resurrection City. Chicago (the 100-plus delegates got physical He was talking with Martin Luther King An Agriculture official, Rodney E. Leonard, search before sessions). RNA claims: at the moment of the assassination in Mem­ said that the Federal Government had been Negroes are not voluntary citizens of U.S.; phis. Ralph Abernathy embraced him before feeding one hot meal and two cold meals a going to jail, following the ill-starred march citizenship forced upon them. Negroes de­ day to more than 3,000 people at the camp­ serve separate republic in "subjugated on Washington. The New York Times con­ site and that he expected the feeding to go areas"-Mississippi, Alaibama, Louisiana, siders him "one of the emerging leaders of on indefinitely. The Government stepped in Georgia, So. Carolina. RNA will negotiate the Southern Christian Leadership Confer­ with ample food, at Abernathy's own request, ence." Tuesday, the Negro magazine supple­ takeover of these areas with Washington. If after the S.C.L.C. had run out of money for ment, considers him most likely to become meals. As for Easton's death, it was later U.S. refuses, states would be grabbed by "any "the nation's chief proponent of nonviolent means necessary." attributed not to hunger but to diabetes. protest." He calls moderate civil rights lead­ Jackson went on with his protests-again Minimum of 3 million American blacks ers "sick," and applauds Stokely Carmichael favor separate republic idea. leading a group of marchers to the cafeteria. as "a rock crying out with truth." For in­ On Jackson's assurance that he would pay as Plebiscite should be jointly administered spiration he looks to Jesus, Malcolm X, by RNA and UN (RNA wouldn't trust U.S. to much as he could on the spot and the rest James Bevel and Martin Luther King. He is within 24 hours, the government officials per­ conduct honest vote) . Rev. Jesse Jackson, the man to watch-in U.S. owes Negroes $200 billion in repara­ mitted him and his followers into the cafe­ the S.C.L.C. teria. Again the cafeteria b1ll came to nearly tions for "sufferings" during and since In a year of humiliating defeats for the ,slavery. $300. Jackson paid $72 and accepted a bill civil rights movement, Jesse Jackson heads for the rest. "We'll pay it when we can," Black republic would adopt socialist sys­ the one S.C.L.C. program that has been a Jackson said. "We're poor people, you know." tem, with "major means of production and continuing success-the boycott campaign, For once, the toothless tiger of the Justice trade placed in trust" to state. Operation Breadbasket. Jackson took charge Department, Ramsey Clark, was equal to the Meanwhile RNA plans paramilitary units: at the personal request of King. Referring situation. Attorney General Clark ordered the a first-line Black Legion backed by a youth to white store owners in Chicago's ghetto Community Relations Service to tell Aber­ auxiliary ("Junior Legion") and "ready re­ as "the colonial powers," Jackson declared: nathy that unless the cafeteria. bill was paid serves" (including women). If arrested in "Black people must have control of eleven before the close of business that day, Jackson street fighting, RNA "citizens" wm declare per cent of Chicago." Through threats of might be taken before a grand Jury on charges allegiance to black republic, demand prison­ Negro boycotts in a 15 month period Jackson of theft by fraud. Abernathy was privately er-of-war treatment under Geneva conven­ negotiated agreements with Chicago food critical of Jesse Jackson, and Jackson, in con­ tion. RNA leaders include big names in black chains, soft drink firms and dairies that versations with other S.CL.C. leaders, ques­ nationalist movement: President (in exile) is opened some 2,000 jobs to Negroes. He forced tioned the leadership of Abernathy. Re­ Robert F. W1lliams. • ·H. Rap Brown is Minis­ stores to stock such Negro products as Mum­ portedly, his remarks were relayed to Aber­ ter of Defense. Milton R. Henry is 1st Vice bo Barbecue Sauce (sales increased a stag­ nathy, who became angry. Jackson was re­ President; his brother Richard (who calls gering 600% in four months). Perhaps most ported to have been among the handful of himself "Imari"-Swahili for strength) is far-reaching was Jackson's war of attrition young staff members actually living at Resur­ Minister of Information. (Hefiry brothers are against A & P which pledged 770 new jobs rection City who felt that most other staff active in Detroit area, founded Malcolm X to black people; "fair" shelf space for black­ officials-excluding Abernathy-should va­ Society). Betty Shabazz, Malcolm's widow, is manufactured products; use of black banks cate their comfortable quarters at the Negro­ 2nd VP. Minister of Justice is Joan Franklin, and black scavenger service in ghetto stores. owned Pitts Motor Hotel and "stop goofing also an NAACP attorney-which wm come as Jackson exulted: "If this policy is carried off." At a staff meeting, Jackson was reported a surprise to NAACP. Ismael Flory, Commu­ out with honesty and determination, A & P to have commented: "We have two sta.ffs­ nist director of Afro-American Heritage Asso­ will cease to be the Man's store and will be­ the working staff and the S.C.L.C. staff." ciation, was also delegate. come our store." Presumably, A & P was not On June 1st, there was a major shakeup in Henry brothers flew to Dar Es Salaam, Tan­ quite ready to turn its board chairmanship S.CL.C. Jackson was removed as mayor of zania, after convention, reported to RNA over to the S.C.L.C. Last July, Jackson furi­ Resurrection City. It was called a "shifting president Williams. African port is entry ously charged that A & P had reneged on of gears" but most observers saw it as a de­ point for Red Chinese and Soviet influence the agreement and he organized picketing motion. William Raspberry, Negro columnist and money into Africa. Communist support teams to march on five stores. Jackson said for the Washington Post, thought Jackson of RNA may follow same route. the pickets would remain "until we close had been reassigned "because a personality Lysistrata on the Left: "And if you young them down." He was seconded by Ralph Aber­ cult had started to build around him." Pre­ ladies think it is wrong to kill and war is nathy at this summer's annual convention sumably, the cult had dues-paying members wrong, you can say yes to the young men of the S.C.L.C. "I have news for A & P," Aber­ inside the Administration. The New York who say no to the draft."---Joan Baez ( quoted nathy said. "Get your house in order, or we Times reported that Jackson had made a last month in New York City concert leaflet). are going to close you down, not only in strong impression on an Administration ad­ "Now I got something for the women, for Chicago but all over the country." The voice mirer, who called him "a man who knew the all the fine sisters out there . . . you tell was Abernathy's---but it seemed more obvi­ limits to which a demonstration could go, that man if he can't be a warrior in time of ous who wrote the script. (Perhaps not co­ and could pull it back quickly if it was going trouble, get out ... Until he ready to pick incidentally, A & P earnings were down 30.7% too far." Other S.C.L.C. officials privately de­ up a gun and be a man, don't give him no in the 2nd quarter of 1968.) plored Jackson's "banishment" by Aber­ sugar ... You can always get a real man AFTER BIGGER GAME nathy. One dissatisfied member said: "If ... they're plenty of warriors out there who Jackson took a brief hiatus from the march Jesse Jackson was in charge, we'd be moving know how to relate to you. And if them oth­ on A & P to bag bigger game, in the march by now." ers come around, . . . you let us know and on Washington. Of all the officials of S.C.L.C., On June 3rd, Jackson reportedly returned we'll k111 'em."-Eldridge Cleaver (in Cali­ only Jesse Jackson emerged relatively to Chicago. But a week later was back in fornia speech) . unscathed from this monumental fiasco. Washington, heading The Action Committee, Abernathy himself introduced Jackson as an outgrowth of the March on Washington. *Robert Williams became prominent in manager of Resurrection City-the same day A few days later, he was photographed at 1959. Advocated Negro violence while head of the Interior Department granted a permit for Abernathy's side, before the latter was NAACP in Monroe, North Carolina. Later the Poor People's Campaign to use the West whisked off to jail. escaped to Cuba from kidnaping charge fol­ Mall near the Lincoln Memorial. Jackson's The Jackson cult enrolled a new member lowing violent demonstration in Monroe (FBI reaction was that S.C.L.C. had not sought in Mary McOrory of the New York Post, who "Wanted" signs still in post offices). From the permit, and would have camped on the wrote: "The Poor People's March, which Cuba, via his newsletter the Crusader and ground anyway. A group led by Jackson ate yielded so little in the way of results at least Radio Havana, agitated for black revolution­ in the Agriculture Department cafeteria and brought to the fore the Rev. Jesse Jackson, ary violence in U.S. Also leader of Revolu­ ran up a bill of almost $300. When the b1ll who in the eyes of some observers is a black hope who might eventually succeed King as tionary Action Movement (RAM). a Negro was presented, Jackson said it would be head of the S.C.L.C., if not as a national organization for guerrilla warfare in U.S. compared with what "the Government owes leader." cities. In 1961, Williams moved to Peking, to the poor people of this nation" because In Chicago especially the Jackson cult has worked with top Communist leaders to fo­ of its failure to feed them. "Whoever owes zoomed into orbit. Ordained a Baptist min­ ment racial unrest in United States. Re­ the other will pay," he said. ister last June, Jackson preaches Saturday cently, he shifted operations to Dar Es Later, one of the more malevolent head­ mornings to 8,000 people in a ballroom, a. Salaam. lines was made by Jackson when one of his combination worship service and weekly 2~0 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1968 meeting of National Operation Breadbasket. "As strongly as I condemn the action of college campuses and in the public burning "Parishioners" include Sidney Poitier, B111 the Soviet Union ,and its satemtes against of draft cards. Cosby, France Nuyen, Dick Gregory and TV Czechoslovakia," Senator Byrd said on Mon­ It is true that this inter-campus collegiate star Robert Culp, who flies 3,000 miles weekly day, "that action serves to remind us that group grew so rapidly the past eight years to film Operation Breadbasket activities free. the Soviet Union has not forsaken its ag­ that lts leaders haven't been able to keep WROTE MAYOR DALEY gressive policies in, the world and that the track of its chapters (estimated at over 150) risk of nuclear war is still very much with or its membership ( estimated at over 35,000,) • Jesse Jackson proves that out of the us." . It is true also that SOS so far has had mouths of the nonviolent come some of the He contended that it is advisable to take considerable success in violence and the use most violent threats in the English language. an reasonable precautions in the fact of the of strong-arm power. Just before the Democratic convention possibillty that more nations, some "under Like an auto out of control on a main opened, Jackson wrote Mayor Richard Daley irresponsible leadership," might acquire nu­ street, the SDS can do a great deal of damage. that Chicago was on the brink of a racial clear weapons. Perhaps Senator Byrd's re­ But until it gets a driver that can control "eruption." He urged Daley to "remove the m.arks will persuade some others that the it, like the runaway car the SDS will inev­ white policemen from the black neighbor­ treaty ls in the best interests of the United itably end wrapped around a light pole or hoods now, to insure their personal safety States, and has nothing to do with "appease­ halfway thru a store window or stalled out of and to insure black people's collective secu­ ment" of the SOviets. gas on a side road. The driver can be a man, rity •.. Remove white policemen, white Little or no progress has been made to­ or an ideology. firemen and other white employees now." ward ratification thus far; yesterday the Tho the SOS has stirred up local whirl­ Jackson said he made the demand "not out Senate Foreign Relations Committee again winds, and tho its leaders have spoken at of hate for white people but out of respect failed to muster a quorum to discuss the length a.bout what they're going to do, most for ourselves." This may well have been one treaty. And the admlx;ustration has given the of their words have been cliches. There ls of the reasons why National Guardsmen impression of not pushing very hard for a no sign yet that the SDS knows where 1t is were in Chicago during the convention. showdown vote, because of the risk of a going. Jackson compared ~tivating the Guard with negative reaction that might permanently In fact, a study of the SDS indicates it 1s the Russian invasion of Czechoslovakia. rule out the posslbillty of U.S. participation going in several unco-ordinated directions "The only difference ls that he [Daley] 1s in a ban on the spread of nuclear weapons. at once. All of these actions have one thing too embarrassed to have them walk down The Republlcans in the Senate, with some in common; they are opposed to what ls. the streets." Democratic help, hold the power of decision None seem to aim at a substitute for what's Jackson's activities have come tq the ec­ 1f the threat of a filibuster materializes, and being attacked. static attention of Political Affairs, the theo­ what the GOP legislators do must depend That is, despite its historical connection retical journal of the Communist Party, largely on the attitude of Richard M. Nixon with socialism and its publlcized minority U.S.A., which delightedly quoted Jackson as toward the treaty. Yesterday the Republican membership of avowed communists, the SDS saying: "Sometime before the night is over ·candidate for the presidency reemphasized has no clear ideology. we are going to talk not just about Jobs but the doubts he had previously expressed, and Its leaders are against all candidates for we are going to talk about capitalism itself. evidently he intends to carry his opposition the presidency. They are against the Ameri­ li'or a long tiCle people did not talk about to the point of creating a campaign issue. If can system of national and local elections, capitalism because of the McCarthyism. Peo­ that turns out to be the case, the wisest which they say are a means of keeping 1n ple have been afralc. of using the word be­ course will be to defer action until next power the men and the system already in cause the alternative 1s supposed to be com­ year, when the atmosphere wlll hopefully be power. They oppose the draft which they munism. Whether or not that is the alterna­ more conducive to calm consideration of the say ls a. means of preserving the rulers in tive, capitalism ls a bad system." nuclear non-proliferation proposal. Afte.r this their positions -at the expense of the under­ Political Affairs rhapsodized that Negroes much delay a few more months shouldn't privileged. SDS leaders attack "capitallsm," "may not be ready to accept Socialism., but make much difference. the "power structure" the U.S. system of no segment of the population is so ripe for "racism," and "U.S. imper1al1sm." it." Apparently the comrades think Jackson But when it comes to solutions, the best riper than most, whether or not he's qul te its leaders can offer ran like this: ready for plucking. THREE ARTICLES ON THE STU­ "A primary objective would be to develop DEN'I'S FOR DEMOCRATIC SOCDITY and present a radical polltical and organiza­ tional alternative to existing institutions." "We must evaluate our stance toward elec­ NEED _FOR NUCLEAR' TREATY . HON. ·£. C. GATHINGS toral politics so that we can create a clear radical alternative to the cap1tal1st-racist 01' ARKANSAS system ..." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. HAl,{RY F. BYRD, JR. I "As a social system we seek the establish­ Thursday, September 12, 1968 ment of a democracy of individual partici­ OF VIRGINIA pation (in which) ... the individual shares IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Speaker, in June in those social decisions determining the Friday, September 13, 1968 of this year, Mr. Ray Cromley, who writes quallty and direction of his life ..." for the Scripps-Howard newspapers, Even within the SDS there are growing Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Mr. President, wrote three articles on the Students for complaints that these are Just words. "What I ask unanimous consent to· have printed do they mean?" says one member challeng­ Demooratie Society and their efforts t.o ing the leaders. in the Extensions of Remarks an edi­ mount disruptive operations in this Na­ torial entitled "Nuclear Treaty Still tion based on the riot demonstration Needed," published in the Newport News, [From the Washington (D.C.) Dally News, technique of Adolph Hitler, Che Guevara June 25, 1968] Va., Daily Press of September 12, 1968. Mao Tse-tung, and Ho Chi Minh. Mr. There being no objection, the editorial THE BASIC TARGETS Cromley was especially suited for such (By Ray Cromley) was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, an assignment for he was in Army Intel­ as follows: Despite their emphasis on the draft and ligence during World War II and was as­ the Vietnam war, Students for a Democratic NUCLEAR TREATY STILL NEEDED signed to Mao and the Chinese Com­ Society leaders say the draft and the war are The nuclear non-proliferation treaty ls munists in Yenan for a period of time not the issues. coming before the Senate at the worst pos­ that educated him on their aims and Anti-draft and war riots and demonstra­ sible time. The SOviet Union Joined with the operations. tion, they say, are means to an end: United States in devi&tng the draft of the "The draft is not the issue . . . but muiti-nation pact, and anything Moscow has In the light of the latest outrages, the ·three articles of Mr. Cromley will be most rather the means by which we can involve anything to do with must be particularly un­ large numbers of people, organize collective popular in this country now, because of enlightening to the general public, and it resistance ... and, most importantly, edu­ what has happened to Czechoslovakia. is a ple,asure to place them in the RECORD cate and politicize ... about race wars, elec­ Some senators feel, perhaps Justifiably so, for study by the Members: toral politics, imperialism ... Politically, the that if they favor the treaty a.imed. at pre­ [From the Washington (D.C.) Daily News, draft makes possible broad-based coalitions venting the further spread of nuclear weap­ that could foment unity on the left ... ons, voters will think they are condoning June 24, 1968] DmvERLF.S& SDS and allow for mass tactics." Soviet aggression-and this is, after all, an "Among the poor, draft organizing is one election year. (By Ray Cromley) way to gain entry into the community ... But Sen. Harry F. Byrd Jr. doesn't think There ls a tendency to credit the Students (extend) organizing around other commu­ that way, and while he isn't up for reelec­ for a Democratic Society with a great deal of nity issues (and) ... inject anti-imperialism tion this November, it ls significant that a strength because of the part lt played 1n and anti-racism into those struggles." legislator with such fl.rm anti-Communist the Columbia University riots, the anti-Viet­ We see our main effectiveness in working credentials has come out four-square in be­ nam march on Washington in 1967, the ha­ (on) ... the draft as building consciousness half of the treaty's ratification. rassment of now Chemical Co. recruiters on about the nature of this society. September 13, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26851 "Our analysis must ... tie the draft into deal more than techniques. Mao and Ho, for carriers in improving regional development. the uses of the draft: for imperialism; for example, have shown a genius for organiza­ You have heard from the other principal Vietnam; for Watts; for Berkeley and Oak­ tion, a persistence and a ruggedness that is means of transportation-airlines, motor land. We can show why the U.S. must phenomenal. They have shown the ab1llty to carriers, pipelines and railroads. It is now suppress people internationally and domesti­ sacrifice personal oomforts, to live in want my turn to talk about river navigation, the cally-must exploit people in imperialism's and isolation and to go to prison for long means of transportation which first helped constant search for higher profits ..." periods to a.ooomplish their aims. open up the great plains region. "We must link the draft with the trend The major weakness of the SDS ls that Only 100 years ago in Nebraska it was still toward militarism and fascism ..." neither its leaders nor its members have a risky business transporting freight up the "We must use this ... struggle (against thus far shown the ab111ty to discipline Missouri River. Boats were likely to be at­ the draft) to raise basic questions about the themselves or to sacrifice for what they say tacked by Sioux war parties. The Indians capitalist system." they believe in. could fire directly into the pilot house when The SDS leaders see candidates like Sen­ Por the most part, SDS leaders amd their the steamboat ran close to the shore at the ator Eug·ene McCarthy and the late Senator members have not been able to become one bends. Robert Kennedy-and slum programs aiming with the people whose oauses they espouse. The difference in freight rates is interest­ at jobs, better living conditions and more They respond like bureauorats. Their own ing. A hundred years ago, the steamboats equality of opportunity-as compromising instructions to their cadre carefully point charged 70 cents a hundred pounds for serv­ pamatives which tend to hide the need for out that it will not be necessary to suffer in ice between St. Louis and Omaha. Today throwing out the whole present U.S. capitalist order to go down and work with people in grain is shipped by river at eighteen and a system. the slums. half cents per 100 pounds over the same "We would show how the politics of this SDS planners are forced to urge their distance. country are a function of capitalistic eco­ people to help 1n the poor city areas by The great lesson taught us by the long nomic interests. And we would show that sugar-coated urgings: " ... students will sweep of American economic development is our country's problems cannot be resolved learn that organizing in poor and working the simple fact that an economy doesn't come within the existing political, economic and class neighborhoods is not the ascetic, alive unless it has good air, highway, rail, social institutions because they are essen­ austere, monk-like trip that (they imag­ pipeline and water transportation. The river tial elements of those institutions." ine) ..." barges keep the railroads honest, the rail­ SDS leaders regard today's stage in their Even with this promise, however, the roads keep the river operators and the truck development as an organizational and propa­ SDSers are finding their people more ready lines honest and the pipelines keep us all ganda phase. Tho they say a violent revolu­ with riots and demonstrations than with honest. I guess the airlines are just naturally tion will be necessary to remold American the slow, unglamorous hard work among or­ honest. society, the time is not yet ripe. Too many dinary people. Says one SDS leader: The late Wendell Berge, a former Assistant people still believe in American institutions "We talk of going in to organize neigh~­ Attorney General in charge of anti-trust en­ and the American election system. hoods or factories, or relating to those proj­ forcement-and a Nebraskan-in a book en­ First, work must be done to educate and ects with some professional skill, but too few titled "Economic Freedom for the West'' arouse numbers of people and to organize of us have moved." stressed that transportation rates make the them into active groups. Demonstrations, Numbers of these SDS activisrfis are enam­ difference between success and failure in re­ violent protests and riots for now are "edu­ ored of words. As one says, "We create sym­ gional development. He wrote that without cational" and "training" projects to make bols which have no content. . .. What does artificial barriers or discrimination in rates, people aware of their own strength and of it mean to 'expose the bankruptcy of elec- capital in Maine, California or Nebraska will what type of "power structure" they are up toral politics?' ... What does 'anti-impe- have equal opportunities for investment in against. The leaders tell their cadre that Viet rialism' mean? ... We have great diffl.culty new industry. Cong, Algerian, Castro-Che Guevarra type using these terms that are bandied about too And the one reliable force guaranteed to "freedom fighting" will come later. freely." keep artificial trade barriers low and dis­ In short, many of these SDSers are children crimination in rates at a minimum is the {From the Washington (D.C.) Daily News, playing at revolution. Many are playing only force of healthy competition. June 26, 1968] so long as they're certain they won't be hurt Most of us think from year to year. But a RED TECHNIQUES seriously. few of us in the water carrier industry have (By Ray Cromley) been standing back a bit from the rush of Some Studente for a Demooratic Society RAIL-WATER COORDINATION every day life and looking ahead. When you operations show evidence of a thorough do that, you see in better perspective the study of the riot-demonstration techniques remarkable rate of growth of the economy of Adolph Hitler, Che Guevarra., Mao HON. HUGH SCOTT and the extraordinary demands that will be Tse-tung and Ho Ohi Minh: OF PENNSYLVANIA placed on the transportation industry in the next few years: Secretary of Transportation, In the Columbia University riots the stu­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES dents made repeated vicious personal physi­ Alan S. Boyd, has warned us that we must be cal attacks on police to insure a police re­ Friday, September 13, 1968 prepared to double the capacity of the trans­ port plant by 1980. William B. Johnson, pres­ action. Ho's men used these tactics repea.t­ Mr. SCO'IT. Mr. President, recently I .edly in h1s buildup to enable his people to ident of -the Illinois Central, speaking in charge police brutality and win sympa­ had called to my attention an excellent Alabama last week, said that he thought thizers. paper delivered by Mr. Charles E. transport capacity might have to quadruple some sos leaders have consistently at­ Walker, president of the Union Barge by the end of the century. tempted to involve a.a many young people Line of Pittsburgh, Pa., to the Nebraska Many people are beginning to question as possible in illegal actions. Once they have Transportation Institute at the Univer­ whether it makes sense to continue to con­ a police record, or have been in a strong sity of Nebraska in Lincoln. Speaking on centrate the expansion of the economy in a ~motional confrontation with the police or "Regional Dividends From Rail-Water few megalopolises. There is a growing belief other authorities, the Mao theory runs, the Coordination," he offered some impor­ that in concentrating production in a rela­ students are oommitted to fighting "the es­ tively few centers in the country, all the tablishment." They have no other place tant thoughts on the subject of regional social ills are also concentrated at great to go. development and the benefits to be human and material cost. In some demonstrations, goon squad types gained by a decentralization of industry Those who are thinking in 30 and 50-year strongarm those not in sympathy with the made oossible, in part, by a greater em­ terms about our country are urging a speed­ SDS and its allies. This is straight from Hit­ phasis on the implementation of multi­ ing up of the present gradual rate of de­ ler's operations. purpose water resource programs. Mr. centralization of industry. This was the great These are three examples. There are many Walker's industrial experience has given vision of Senator Robert S. Kerr. He saw in more. him an especially good background on canalization of the Arkansas an opportunity It is one thing to study the tactics of Mao, to industrialize a new region. He said he Ho, Ohe and Hitler and to use some of their this subject. I ask unanimous consent thought there would be a rush of industry techniques successfully; it is quite another that his address be printed in the into the Arkansas Valley, with the completion to be a;ble to build a successful revolutionary RECORD. of the river, that would make the land rush movement. There being no objection, the address of the last century look like a walk. This is SDS men have learned from Vietnam, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, similarly the vision of those who back the CUba, pre-war Germany and Ohina that a as follows: development of the Missouri River. few men, using a few standard techniques, There is a new dimension in what we are can raise a lot of havoc and c,reate situations REGIONAL DIVIDENDS FROM RAIL-WATER trying to do in this country. To affluence, we very difficult for government, college admin­ COORDINATION want to add improved quality of living. The istrators and police to handle. It is espe­ (Address by Charles E. Walker, president, multi-purpose water resources development cially difficult for a government which lives Union Barge Line Corp., Nebraska Trans­ programs are providing one of the strong by democratic, Christian rules if the rioters portation Institute, University of Ne­ counter-influences to all the powerfUl forces are young students and women, for whom braska, Lincoln, Nebr., May 14, 1968) which are over-concentrating the economy most people have a great deal of sympathy. It is both a privilege and a pleasure to be and the population into such megalopolises But successful insurgencies require a great invited to speak on the role of the water as are to be found in the northeast. These EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1968 programs will have a decisive influence in the larger towboats and the economies, which Freight rates are complex and it ls essen­ relieving the pressures building up in the the barge lines have already passed a.long to tial to try to compare like with like. Please huge metropolitan centers. The sparkling the public, will have to be cancelled. bear with me as I go into some detail. lakes and streams, the forests and parks of The matter, as the ICC has stated in testi­ Our objective here is to start a business the Mississippi Valley are making possible a mony before Congress, is largely an internal dialogue on the public benefits which can re­ quality of living unavailable in the crowded barge industry concern with little if any in­ sult from better cooperation between water urban centers and this may one day be as termodal effect. A bill to cure the problem and rail services. If we are successful, we be­ important as freight rates in regional has universal support from farmers, labor, lieve better water-rail coordination could development. industry, shippers, the industrial develop­ have great meaning for the Plains States. Major General Frederick Clark of the Corps ment departments of major states and from My first example involves synthetic rubber of Engineers noted this point recently. "Sup­ regional industrial development organiza­ which moves in large volume-about 220,000 plying the utilitarian needs of the American tions. The various government departments tons a year, between the Gulf States and the. people is not enough today . . . Urban have examined the proposal and given it Northeast. We have chosen a movement from dwellers want to be able to emerge from enthusiastic endorsement-Transportation, Baton Rouge, New Orleans to New Haven. their high rise apartments, get off the paved Agriculture and Justice. The issue is very Conn., an all-rail distance of 1,494 miles. We streets, and find green fields, wooded hill­ simple; are the customers of the barge lines believe this movement to be typical of many sides, and clear, free-running streams some­ to continue to enjoy the benefits of tech­ from the Gulf area into New England. where nearby.... " nological advance? The factors are as follows: They can find them most easily in the Unfortunately, the mixing rule has become Per ton relatively undeveloped regions of the coun­ the battle ground for much larger issues. The Present all-rail rate, Baton Rouge to try, provided also of course they can find railroads are concerned with what they be­ New Haven (minimum weight 70 jobs in decentralized industry. lieve to be inequality of treatment under the tons) ------~------$22.00 This may seem somewhat off the subject of present transport statutes. If there is to be a transportation, but it is very much on the change in the law affecting barge lines, how­ Barge rate, Baton Rouge to proposed subject of the purpose of this meeting to ever meritorious and minor its effect on rail­ interchange at Leetsdale, near Pitts- "assess transportation's broader role in the roads, they say, let the Congress also consider burg------7.76 development of the regional economy." With deregulating bulk commodities by rail. The Interchange, barge to raiL______1. 98 balanced transportation services, the region truckers are alarmed at this prospect and Rall rate Leetsdale to New Haven can have balanced economic development. want to be sure that all the antitrust laws (well above fully distributed Without water transport no region's trans­ as they now work a.re applied to deregulated costs)------8.40 portation services can be said to be balanced. traffic carried by any mode. Total barge-ran______18. 33 If we consider the overwhelming need of It all too frequently happens in Washing­ the economy for greatly expanded transport ton that an otherwise non-controversial capacity and the need for decentralizing the measure-as ours should be non-controver­ Indicated saving of barge-rail economy, unquestionably river navigation is sial-is used as a lever by one or other of the route or 17 percent______3.67 high on the list of those who do the long very powerful lobbying machines to serve a Let us assume for the sake of argument range planning for this region. purpose having little to do with the object of that the saving so achieved would apply to a It will interest you to hear some of the new the particular legislation. The barge lines a.re third of the tonnage moving from the Gulf to technological developments in the barge in­ not wt thou t sin in this popular Washington the so-called "official territory" of the rail­ dustry. The drive in river transportation is game. But all of us have got to learn-and roads, the northeast. In that case the total toward more and more economical services. soon-that the old days when each mode lived saving would be in the neighborhood of We are proud of the fact that the average inside its own fortress are gone. $275,000 a year. rates for the barge lines today are 3/lOth of If the for hire or common carrier branch of Another example involves skelp, the steel a cent per ton mile, about the same as they the transportation industry spends all its plates of which pipe is manufactured. A were in 1922. Very heavy investment in new time on harassment, we a.re simply going to large volume moves from Pittsburgh to technology has made this possible. encourage further erosion of traffic to private Lone Star, Texas, 1123 rail miles. Savings carriage and possibly nationalization of all could be achieved by a connection over Our basic thrust has been to develop larger transporta tton. volume tows. On the lower river we are now Vicksburg and the factors would look like The mixing of regulated and unregulated this: exceeding 40,000 tons in a single flotilla of traffic on the river has made possible major barges. Two t.echnological break-throughs Per ton efficiencies which have offset the rising costs Present all-rall rate, Pittsburgh to have made this possible. The first was the of materials, labor and equipment. It is uni­ Lone Star______$14.01 development of successful methods of reduc­ versally a.greed in government, in agriculture tion gearing so that more powerful, faster and in industry that mixing is in the public Barge rate at 11.o cent per ton-mile running and lighter engines could be em­ interest. The issues raised by the railroads ployed. Parallel to this_ came the develop­ for 1,513 water miles______6. 25 a.re legitimate issues deserving of careful and Interchange, barge to rail at Vicks- ment of a system of positive steering con­ sympathetic study. So are the issues raised trol through improved mechanisms. The net by the truckers. But the barge mixing rule burg ------1.84 result is that the higher volume has made Rall rate for 254 miles, Vicksburg to bill is no proper place to fight them out. They destination (well above fully dis­ possible lower unit oost. The barge lines should be considered and settled separately have been able to reduce average rates 10 and on their own merits. tributed cost)------3.78 percent since 1960. Along with larger tows Cooperation between the modes will greatly Total barge-raiL______11. 88 have gone larger barges, up from 500 tons stimulate regional development. In the great capacity in the 1950's to 1,800 tons and more expansion of capacity ahead of us, it is es­ today. The technology is being developed for Indicated saving from barge- sential that the capital outlays we have to ran route (15 percent)----- 2. 13 increasing horsepowers by one third to 12,000 make a.re used in the most efficient manner or more and barge tows to 60,000 tons. With possible. This is in our business self-interest. The annual tonnage moving between further economies around the corner. the It is also very much in the national interest Pittsburgh and Lone Star is in excess of 20,- barge lines can be relied upon as an ever that the most efficient use possible be made 000 tons. Thus the annual indicated saving more powerful force in stimulating regional of the nation's transport resources. Joining from this move would be about $42,600. From economic development in the future. the best efficiencies of railroading, water car­ both movements taken together the annual We are temporarily disconcerted by the riers, trucking and pipelining can produce savings are indicated to be $318,000. effect of an obsolete section CY! the Inter­ substantial savings for the economy. In the case of synthetic rubber, the pro­ state Commerce Act. Before modern river The barge lines maintain excellent rela­ posed rail rate from the port appears to be technology was even dreamed of a law was tions with the trucking industry. We have more than a reasonable division and on passed partially regulating river traffic. Care­ complete cooperation. Whenever we need a skelp it is precisely the same as the division ful research reveals that the restrictions connecting service we get a connecting rate that would be accorded a barge line if it placed on river traffic at that time were based representing the best efficiencies of trucking were another connecting railroad. In addi­ on Great Lakes practice and had little or and we work together to give the customer tion, the interchange cost has been increased :nothing to do with the rivers. But today, the best combined service possible. to include the cost to the railroad of ob­ because Great Lakes bulk ships have only Our trade group, the Water Transport As­ taining a car and switching it to the barge three holds, river tows of bulk commodities­ sociation, is beginning to work on a series of dock. coal, grain, bauxhlie and the like-are limited individual case studies showing how the best We do not intend to take the railroads to to no more than three bulk commodities. efficiencies of rail and water transportation the ICC or to the courts over these instances. By a later interpretation, the ICC even stated may produce important savings. There has We merely expect to start a meaningful dia­ that non-bulk traffic, steel, bags of sugar, been a reluctance on the part of railroads to logue. We simply want a business answer pa.per, oould not be mixed with the bulk work with water carriers, but we expect to to a business question, why are these two commodities. If applied, the ruling against break this down with a sophisticated appeal movements not in the interests of the rail­ mixing could turn back the technology clock to the enlightened business self-interest of roads, and the shippers? on the river 15 years. Without the right to both rail carriers and shippers. I do not specify that the substantial sav­ mix regulated non-bulk and unregulated Let me give you just two examples, which ings indicated should all acrue to the ship­ bulk commodities, the barge lines cannot together, have a potential of a.bout one third per. Perhaps it may make economic sense accumulate the volume made possible by of a million ~ollars 1n savings in a year. to allow the railroad a larger division and a September 13, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 268-53 better return on its portion of the movement. instead of people, and tragically ends up the home. Thus, in these states an unem­ That would all depend on future discussions. doing neither." ployed father whose family needed public as­ I think it goes without saying that the And almost everyone can agree that the sistance in order to survive had to abandon factors cited represent an arms-length re­ system traps its participants--creating gen­ his family or see them go hungry. lationship with the railroad. They assume eration after generation of hopeless and THE PROBLEM that a particular railroad would treat a barge helpless poor people. The problem this country faces is that it line just as if it were another railroad, no The time has come, then, to straighten up worse, and no better. If, however, the mar­ has a welfare system which is costing more the welfare system-for the benefit of the and mo~e money but producing fewer and keting department of a particular railroad or recipient and the taxpayer. the traffic department of a particular shipper fewer productive and -self-sufficient citizens. were to become intrigued with the potential THE PRESENT WELFARE SYSTEM RECOMMENDATIONS for both more economical service to the 1. There are several categories of welfare: 1. Public assistance should be based upon a public and higher earnings from the rates, old-age assistance to help persons over 65; uniform, simple plan for Federal-State shar­ then in my opinion still greater savings could aid to the needy adult blind; aid to depend­ ing in costs of all public assistance programs. be achieved. If the best efficiencies of rail­ ent children; aid to the permanently and This plan should provide for equitable, roading, multiple car rates reflecting the totally disabled; medical assistance to the reasonable fiscal effort by the States and 1,000-ton barge volumes, and the best effi­ medically needy of every age-that is, per­ should recognize the relative fiscal capacities ciencies of terminalling were applied on hun­ sons not poor enough to be on welfare, but of the Federal and State Government. dreds, perhaps thousands of such cases, a still not able to afford adequate medical If the cost of welfare were based on a major bite might be taken out of the nation's treatment. Under all these welfare programs, single comprehensive public welfare formula, freight bill. the states have wide latitude in shaping it would assure more equity in the system The barge industry began circulating case public policy and in the administration of and sharply reduce administrative com­ studies last week. My paper suggests two that policy. In most cases, the Federal Gov­ plexities. The administration of the pro­ new ones. Additional case studies are in the ernment's main role is to reimburse the state grams would still reside with the states. pipeline for distribution in the near future for part of the cost. I would simplify the administration of .as they are developed. We need help from 2. In 1967 the total cost of public welfare welfare by calling for a simple declaration of shippers and rail carriers to suggest idea,s for was somewhere between 7 and 8 b11lion dol­ income rather than requiring family inves­ further study. The Plains States could par­ lars. About % of this total, or about 4 to 5 tigations and involved means test as the pro­ ticularly benefit from improved rail-water b111ion dollars represented the federal share cedure to establish welfare eligibility now .coordination. of welfare payments. In May of 1967, about does. A pilot project has already shown that The development of greater efficiency in 7.7 million persons received cash payments in such a system cheating rarely occurs. In the nation's transport network is critically from federally aided public assistance pro­ that project, only one case of cheating was important at this time. Freight transporta­ grams. About 2 million of these persons were discovered out of the 1600 cases spot-checked. tion represents about 10 percent of the gross 65 or over, 700,000 were blind or permanently At the same time, the project showed that a national product--about $70 billion dollars­ or totally disabled, and about 5 million were system of unchecked eligibility declarations hence the cost of transportation has an im­ families with dependent children. could reduce paperwork by 900 % and free portant bearing on the productive efficiency 3. Aid to families with dependent children staff workers to aid rather than to spy on wel­ of the economy and the nation's advantage has become one of the most criticized and fare recipients. in competing for overseas customers. expensive welfare programs. The cost in 1967 2. I believe we should put a minimum floor Equally important, perhaps, a rate that amounted to about 1% billion dollars. This under Social Security for the aged and the represents the best true efficiencies of the 1 Y:z billion dollar federal contribution disabled and the widows and the orphans­ different modes is most likely to bring a amounted to about 55% of the total cost of those people who are outside the labor mar­ proper rate of return to the carrier. the program. This cost is increasing every ket. This would reduce by another 5 or 6 As we begin to build a transport system year, and the number of persons seeking this million the number of people in poverty in in the next 12 years having a capacity equal aid is growing every year. this country. to that now in place, the most urgent need 4. Aid to Dependent Children money in 3. I support greater incentives to encourage is for a flow of capital from retained earn­ 1967, was distributed among approximately welfare recipients to go to work. I believe we ings and depreciation sufficient to give us fi­ 5 m111ion persons, the vast majority of whom should substantially increase the amount of nancial elbow room for further technological are essentially unemployable. Of this total, earnings that a welfare recipient who goes innovation and growth. 3,729,000 were children and the majority of to work may retain before his welfare pay­ No industry can more quickly drag down the remainder were mothers and only about 50,000 to 60,000 were adult males. ments are reduced. the productive efficiency of the economy than 4. In the final analysis, welfare in most an under-nourished transport industry. By WEAKNESSES IN PRESENT WELFARE SYSTEM states ls a callous handout. It encourages de­ the same token, as the barge lines have 1. The need to help less fortunate persons pendency on public charity and it under­ demonstrated, with the improved efficiency is an obligation of a wealthy society. But mines an individual's self-respect. of the big towboat technology, no industry nationwide statistics show that federal, state, 5. I believe the goal of our welfare pro­ can make such constructive contributions to and local welfare programs r-each only about grams should be to get citizens off the dole the nation's economy as can a vigorous, com­ % of the 21.7 million below the age of 65 who petitive, innovative transport industry. and into a job-to change them from tax Achieving an economically healthy, techno­ have incomes below the poverty level. And eaters into taxpayers. Therefore, both the logically progressive and competitively bal­ those who do receive money receive no large government and private enterprise should sums. For example, in 1967 the total cost of actively create new job opportunities and anced transportation network of all modes the Aid to Dependent Children program in­ is vital to the interest of every region of the train new workers in areas of high unemploy­ country seeking further development. cluding federal, state, and local contributions ment. As part of our public policy we should was approximately 2 billion dollars and thus place greater emphasis on making available this nation provided an average of about $36 the capital, credit, and insurance needed to per month for each welfare recipient. This help disadvantaged people get on their own amount is well below the poverty subsistence feet, start their own businesses, and become THE NATION'S WELFARE PROBLEM level. Thus our present welfare system, al­ self-supporting. though mounting in cost, reaches only a 4. Far more welfare research is needed into small part of the nation's poor and those it the causes of social problems, the forces in a does reach, it often fails to provide with community that generate them, and ways HON. LEE ff. HAMILTON even a subsistence payment. to deal with them more effectively. Equally OF INDIANA 2. In the past, our welfare system has pro­ important is that the results of this research IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vided no incentives to encourage needy per­ be made immediately available to local di­ Friday, September 13, 1968 sons to earn their own living. For instance, rectors and officials. until only recently all wages earned by adult Also because the shortage of qualified per­ Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under welfare recipients who took jobs, except for sonnel for social welfare programs is critical, leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ small allowances for expenses,, were de­ concentrated efforts must be made to increase ORD, I include the text of the fourth in ducted directly from the welfare payments social workers, social work aides, auxiliary a series of radio broadcasts to Ninth Dis­ they would otherwise have received. In other personnel, and to explore ways of using these words, if men would begin to earn their liv­ persons to maximum advantage. Federal and trtct residents: State support for undergraduate and grad­ There is really nothing good to be said ing, their welfare payments were immediately about the welfare system in the United reduced by the amount of their earnings. uate social worker education ls essential, in­ States today. Such a procedure constitutes a 100% tax on a cluding funds to enlarge faculty, research staff, and facilities. The poor who receive aid from it say that person's income. And that is no incentive to it subjugates and demeans them. The tax­ work. CONCLUSION payers who pay for it say they are subsidizing 3. Until only recently, this country's wel­ I believe our present welfare system can be and perpetuating lack of incentive. fare system encouraged the breakup of the improved. Even the head of the New York City Wel­ family structure of those it was designed to I believe that we can use our substantial fare Department has said recently-"the help. In most states, the benefits were avatl­ economic growth to create jobs for the poor, welfare system is designed to save money able only when a parent was absent from instead of relying on handouts. 26854 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE September 16, 1968 I believe, as serious as the welfare problem Right now, I think it is appropriate to and radio; and for other purposes. Mr. Pelly ls in this country, that drastic solutions are Point with some pride to-the record of Voted For. not called for. education bills passed in this Congress. H.B. 16819: A Blll to amend the Vocational There are those who would have us do Rehablllta.tlon Act to extend the authoriza­ away with the present welfare system and I think, Mr. Speaker, I am correct in tion of grants to States for rehabllltation replace it with the guaranteed annual in­ saying the following constitutes a com­ services, to broaden the scope of goods and come or the negative income- tax. I reject plete list of education measures of a na­ services available under that Act for the that approach because it is too expensive and tional scope which came to the floor of handicapped, and for other purposes. Mr. it is uncertain what its effects would be. the House for votes during the 90th Con­ Pelly Voted For. But I believe modifying our present welfare gress. This list shows my support for all H.B. 16729: A Blll to extend for 2 years system along the lines I have suggested and of them~. certain programs providing assistance to creating Jobs for all those who can, and want students at institutions of higher education, tp work ls the better way-the steadier, surer H.B. 11276: A Bill to authorize appropria­ to modify such programs, and to provide for course for this country to follow. tions to carry out the Adult Education Act planning, evaluation, and adequate leadtime We are a nation blessed with abundance. of 1966 for 2 additional years. Mr. Pelly in such programs. Mr. Pelly Voted For. We have no right, and there can be no justifi­ voted /

SENATE-Monday, September 16, 1968 The Senate met at 12 noon, and was the Father. For Yours is the kingdom, from the President of the United States, called to order by the, President pro and the power, and the glory forever, which, with the accompanying report, tempo re. through Jesus Christ, the Lord. Amen. was referred to the Committee on Labor Dr. James M . . Moore, pastor, First and Public Welfare: Baptist Church, Mannington, w. Va., offered the following prayer: THE JOURNAL To the Congress of the United States: O Lord, our Lord, how excellent is Your Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask It is with a sense of pride, but also name in all the earth. You have set Your unanimous consent that the reading of with a sense of urgency, that I trans­ glory above the heavens. Accept our the Journal of the proceedings of Friday, mit to you the First Annual Report of the hamble praises and hearty thanks for September 13, 1968, be dispensed with. National Advisory Committee on Adult the many mercies and blessings which The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ Basic Education. You have bestowed upon us. For these out objection, it is so ordered. Today, more Americans are in school who have gathered here today, under the than ever before. More are receiving high weight of many decisions, illuminate school and college degrees. More go on their minds with the divine precepts of MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT to graduate school. Your word. We pray for America. We Messages in writing from the President However, despite these encouraging pray for our boys, our men, and our of the United States were communicated advances, more than 24 million of our women in the Armed Forces. Forgive us, to the Senate by Mr. Leonard, one of his adult citizens, one adult out of every God, of our trespasses, as we now for­ secretaries. five, still do not have the equivalent give those who have trespassed against of an eighth-grade education. us. Help us to seek peace. Peace for the With the establishment of the Adult individual. Peace for the world. Peace REPORT OF NATIONAL ADVISORY Basic Education Program, the Congress through Jesus Christ, the Prince of COMMITTEE ON ADULT BASIC ED­ created a vital tool for the building of a Peace, who said, "My peace I leave with UCATION-MESSAGE FROM THE better America. Since 1965, the program you." Remind us that every knee shall PRESIDENT (H. DOC. Np. 384) has sought out and served more than a bow before You and everyone confess Tl}e PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ million undereducated adults. that Jesus is Lord, to the glory of God, fore the Senate the following message Many participants in the program