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Strengthening Disaster Risk Reduction and Management at the Local Level 1 STRENGTHENING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL A Report on Capacity and Needs Assessment of Six Rural and Urban Municipalities of Nepal September 2020 2 2. Major Hazards and Disaster Risks in Nepal The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an international organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understandings of migrations issues, encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. Publisher: International Organization for Migration 768/12 Thrimbam Sadak, Baluwatar – 5 P.O. Box 25503, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel.: +977-1-4426250 Fax: +977-1-4435223 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iom.int This publication has been issued without formal editing by IOM. © 2020 International Organization for Migration (IOM) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. PUB2020/005/E Strengthening Disaster Risk Reduction and Management at the Local Level 3 STRENGTHENING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL A Report on Capacity and Needs Assessment of Six Rural and Urban Municipalities of Nepal September 2020 4 2. Major Hazards and Disaster Risks in Nepal Strengthening Disaster Risk Reduction and Management at the Local Level I FOREWORD I am pleased to present this publication, Strengthening Disaster Risk Reduction and Management at the Local Level: A Report on Capacity and Needs Assessment of Six Rural and Urban Municipalities of Nepal, funded by the people of Thailand through the Government of Thailand. The report is the result of a series of consultations and bilateral meetings with each of the six rural andFOREWORD urban municipalities under study. The data collection was completed in early 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic hit Nepal. Thus, COVID-19 related issues are not reflected in the report. TheI am Internationalpleased to present Organization this publication, for Migration Strengthening (IOM) the Disaster United Risk Nations Reduction Migration and Management Agency carried at the Local Level: A Report on Capacity and Needs Assessment of Six Rural and Urban Municipalities of Nepal, out a similar assessment of 14 rural and urban municipalities and published the report in May 2019. funded by the people of Thailand through the Government of Thailand. The report is the result of a series Thisof consultations is the second and assessmentbilateral meetings published with eachby IOM of the highlighting six rural and the urban existing municipalities capacities, under strengths, study . resourcesThe data collection and understanding was completed of the in early elected 2020, officials, before asthe well COVID as the-19 pandemicmunicipal hit staff Nepal. of six Thus additional, COVID- local19-related levels issues in the are implementation not reflected in ofthe the report. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Act 2017The International and the DRRM Organization Act First forAmendment Migration (IOM) (2019). – the The United aim of Nations the study Migration is to provide Agency an – carriedoverview out ofa similarthe needs assessment and capacities of 14 rural at and the urban municipal municipalities level in andthe publishedcontext of the new report legislative in May 2019.changes This in is Nepalthe second and forassessment the implementation published by ofIOM the highlighting National Strategic the existing Action capacit Planies for, strength DRRMs, 2018–2030.resources and understanding of the elected officials, as well as the municipal staff of six additional local levels in the implementation of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Act 2017 and the DRRM Act First I express sincere gratitude to the Government of Nepal for providing strong leadership essential Amendment (2019). The aim of the study is to provide an overview of the needs and capacities at the formunicipal moving level forward in the to context the project’s of new legislativeobjectives. changes IOM remains in Nepal committed and for the toimplementation supporting its of member National StatesStrategic in implementingAction Plan for theDRRM Sendai 2018 –Framework2030. for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 coherently withI express the Sustainablesincere gratitude Development to the Government Goals. of Nepal for providing strong leadership essential for moving forward to the project’s objectives. IOM remains committed to supporting its member States in Withimplement the ingnew the governance Sendai Framework structure, for there Disaster are Riskmultiple Reduction challenges 2015 –2030in implementing coherently withDRRM the ActSustainable 2017 through Development a rapid Goals decentralized. process. This report findings could be an avenue to provide the necessary evidence to key decision makers in order to enhance the management With the new governance structure, there are multiple challenges in implementing DRRM Act 2017 ofthrough disaster a rapid risks decentraliz at the localed prolevels.cess. IOM This reportstands findings ready tocould support be an avenueall three to tiersprovide of thegovernment necessary toevidence address to DRRM-relatedkey decision makers matters in order and to assist enhance vulnerable the management communities of disaster and migrants risks at the in localbuilding levels. a disaster-resilientIOM stands ready society. to support all three tiers of government to address DRRM-related matters and assist vulnerable communities and migrants in building a disaster-resilient society. LorenaLorena LandoLando ChiefChief ofof Mission Mission of of Nepal Nepal InternationalInternational OrganizationOrganization for for Migration Migration - IOM (IOM) II 2. Major Hazards and Disaster Risks in Nepal Strengthening Disaster Risk Reduction and Management at the Local Level III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The report on “Strengthening Disaster Risk Reduction and Management at the Local Level: A Report on Capacity and Needs Assessment of Six Rural and Urban Municipalities in Nepal” is produced as a part of the “People to People Support for Building Community Resilience Through Recovery and Reconstruction in Nepal” project, funded by the people of Thailand through the Government of Thailand. First and foremost, we would like to extend our gratitude to the elected representatives and municipal officials, listed in Annex A, of six rural and urban municipalities namely Lalitpur Metropolitan City, Chautara-Sangachowkgadhi Municipality, Shankharapur Municipality, Changunarayan Municipality, Gorkha Municipality and Gosaikunda Rural Municipality, who actively participated and supported the study team in the preparation and validation of this report. In addition, we would also like to thank the Project Steering Committee (PSC) members - Surendra Mohan Shrestha, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development; Kali Prasad Parajuli, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs and Rishi Raj Acharya, Under Secretary, Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration for their guidance and comments during the entire study period. We would like to thank all the individuals from the municipalities who took time their views and experiences and municipalities’ progress in relation to the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management related issues which greatly helped us in enhancing our understanding of the situation in relation to disaster related issues in each of the six municipalities. September 2020 IV Acronyms ACRONYMS CCCM Camp Coordination and Camp Management CSAR Community Search and Rescue DCC District Coordination Committee DDMC District Disaster Management Committee DEOC District Emergency Operative Centre DPRP Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management DRRNSPA Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018–2030 DUDBC Department for Urban Development and Building Construction IRA Initial Rapid Assessment KVDA Kathmandu Valley Development Authority LDMC Local Disaster Management Committee MoHA Ministry of Home Affairs MoUD Ministry of Urban Development NDRRMA National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority (in short NDMA) NEOC National Emergency Operation Centre NRA National Reconstruction Authority PEOC Provincial Emergency Operation Centre RSLUP Risks-sensitive Land Use Plan SOPs Standard Operating Procedures WDMC Ward Disaster Management Committee Strengthening Disaster Risk Reduction and Management at the Local Level V TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword i Acknowledgements iii Executive Summary ix 1. Background 1 2. Major Hazards and Disaster Risks in Nepal 3 3. People Vulnerable to and Most at Risk of Disasters 5 4. DRRM Governance in Nepal: Institutions and Mechanisms at All Three Levels 7 5. Disaster
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