Inglewood Main Heritage Study Prepared for the Draft Historic East Local Area Plan Peer Review

Marilyn Williams, CAHP, MA, PEng President, 716480 Ltd. November 9, 2020 mwconservation.com

Inglewood Main Street Heritage Study 1

Executive Summary The Ninth Avenue SE Main Street study area and immediate context possesses significant Heritage Value as examined in Section 1 of this report and shows evidence for Activity, Institution, Person, Style, Landmark and Symbolic values. Its high concentration of historic sites as listed in in Appendix II make it a city landmark and as well as an important historic commercial street in the province. Some of its most historic parts are cultural landscapes including one of Calgary’s most important places, the confluence of and Elbow rivers, which has served as a significant navigational intersection and stopping place for people for millennia, and where the 1875 North West Mounted Police and Hudson’s Bay Company forts became a nucleus for the city’s settlement. The 1892 Calgary Brewing & Malting Co. site, as well as the west side of 12th Street extending from the 1936 Inglewood Lawn Bowling Club to the 1891 AE Cross Residence and grounds are also cultural landscapes that possess heritage value for their associations with the AE Cross family, whose early industrial business once gave the area the name ‘Brewery Flats’. The collections of early 20th Century working class cottages along 8th and 10th Avenues also recall the area’s industrial roots.

The Ninth Avenue SE Main Street study area has been the symbolic social and commercial heart of the Inglewood community from the early 1880s when Inglewood was briefly Calgary’s original town centre, and Ninth Avenue its first main street. A wide representation of significant commercial and mixed-use residential-commercial architecture has developed, as well as several important institutional buildings, and the street boasts one of Calgary’s best collections of intact Edwardian Commercial-style buildings. Further, the busy east-west traffic corridor, an early streetcar line, and part of the original east-west highway through Calgary, possesses activity value as an important transportation route.

This Heritage Value is expressed by the fabric, attributes and characteristics of the area, referred to as the Character Defining Elements, which are described in Part 2, the Heritage Built Form Summary. In addition to the exceptional groupings of Edwardian Commercial-style buildings, including the 1200 block, the vernacular commercial buildings built during the Inter-war and early Post-war period display the fine-grained historic 25 foot lot-pattern of the street. While

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sometimes reflecting this pattern, infill after the onset of the mid-century oil boom in 1947 that triggered growth in both construction and automobiles was often oriented to the automotive industry and created a distinctive, eclectic feel, especially east of 13th Avenue.

Although the area has been developing for nearly 150 years, it maintains a very high degree of integrity, especially when compared other neighbourhood commercial main in Calgary, and much of its historic fabric has survived as described in the Integrity section of Part 2 of this study. However proposed policy changes and zoning bylaw amendments affecting Inglewood threaten the integrity of the identified heritage sites and landscapes. Most at risk are the fragile, very low-scale historic cultural landscapes mentioned above. As well, the consolidation of lots to create large parcels results in large-footprint buildings that are less likely reflect the fine-grained historic streetwall created by narrower buildings with articulated 25-foot storefronts and traditional architectural façade patterns.

The biggest threat to the historic fabric is the imbalance between policy (including zoning) that encourages new construction as compared with the absence of policy that would promote the retention, protection, re-use and/or rehabilitation of the existing historic and character buildings, most of which have not been designated by owners. With this imbalance, and trends to a larger building footprint, the historic fabric and character will be challenged even if intensification is within a six-storey form.

If the level of integrity which exists today is to be maintained, City planning policy must provide a vision and objectives for the area that clearly promote the retention and conservation of the heritage resources, while promoting new development that reflects the historic streetwall. Heritage Strategies are identified in Part 4 from both these perspectives and are summarized below.

Strategies to retain individual heritage assets: • Currently heritage assets on Ninth Avenue SE are protected to some degree: six through ownership by government or not-for-profits, one through a restrictive covenant and eleven though designation • Offering financial incentives such as tax incentives and matching grants for designated heritage properties would further bolster the number of protected assets.

Strategies to retain historic context: • A special rehabilitation project that would follow the processes of the provincial Main Street Programme (discontinued in 2015) with funding from multiple sources such as the provincial Historical Resources Branch, the City of Calgary, federal job creation grants, the Inglewood BIA, and matched by building owners on a per site basis. • The creation of a heritage management plan for the Main Street area which would incorporate many of the strategies listed above in a cohesive, phased approach; • The development of place-making policy to create a vision for development that uses historic assets at its core, and has stronger policy for the adaptive re-use of existing

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buildings; for example, development of the Brewery Site as a Brewery District, an example being ’s successful historic Distillery District; • The development of a comprehensive heritage study such as an historic context paper or heritage impact assessment to inform future plans and policy; • Branding and interpretation of Atlantic Avenue as a heritage district over and above heritage interpretation of individual sites, even if formal recognition/protection is not yet in place; • Working with the Province for the creation of heritage area legislation which does not require the consent of all property owners.

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Contents Executive Summary ...... 1

Contents ...... 4

1. Heritage Assessment ...... 5

Description of study area ...... 5

Heritage Value ...... 6

2. Heritage Built Form Summary ...... 11

Character Defining Elements ...... 11

Integrity ...... 15

3. Heritage Strategy and Tools summary ..... 19

Summary of Existing Heritage Policy and Tools ...... 20

City of Calgary Proposed Tools ...... 22

Additional Best Practice Tools Recommended ...... 24

4. Built Form Strategy Assessment ...... 25

Future threats to integrity ...... 25

Heritage Strategies: Individual Historic Resources...... 27

Heritage Strategies: Historic Context strategies ...... 29

Appendix I Methodology and Sources used ...... 30

Methodology ...... 30

Sources ...... 31

Appendix II Inglewood Resources Heritage Inventory . 33

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1. Heritage Assessment

Description of study area

The study area for this report includes the 9th Avenue SE corridor, between the and SE. The opposite side of each block, along 8th Ave SE and 10th Ave SE have been included in the study area in order to consider appropriate transition to the surrounding low- rise residential community. While the urban design analysis is limited to 9th Avenue SE, this heritage context study includes heritage resources outside of the primary study area along 9th Ave.

The study area is located in the southeast community of Inglewood, one of the earliest inner city neighbourhoods in Calgary. The area has had a commercial context since 1875 when a Hudson’s Bay Fort was located at its west end, and the historic Ninth Avenue SE commercial street, originally Atlantic Avenue, dates to the early 1880’s. Historic development of Ninth Avenue SE and context area includes: its subdivision west of 15th Street from 1884-7 and east of that street in 1906; its service from 1909 as a streetcar route (from the Inglewood Bridge to a loop at 15th Street) after which it underwent its most rapid period of development through the First World War; and a later development phase from 1947-51. In addition to the historic commercial street, the study area includes working-class residential streetscapes on 8th and 10th Avenues that developed for families of workers in early East Calgary industries, numerous commercial and institutional buildings that served those residents, and the highest concentration of historic sites in the city.

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Heritage Value The heritage value of the study area was assessed according to the following Council-approved criteria of significance used by the City of planning highlighted for those criteria which the Inglewood Main Street study area meets. As well, future research such as a heritage survey or community context paper could reveal further values. Activity Event Institution Person/people Style Design Construction Landmark Symbolic value

The wider setting at the west end of the Ninth Avenue SE commercial main street includes the confluence of the Bow and Elbow rivers, which has served as a significant navigational intersection and stopping place for First Nations people for millennia, and later evolved as an important centre for encampments and trade. (Activity Value)

During the pre-contact period, the confluence was a significant navigational intersection and stopping place for First Nations people who traversed their traditional lands as they followed the annual migrational patterns of the bison along an ancient north-south route called the Old North Trail. The area later became an important site for encampments and trade.

Calgary’s most important surviving commercial street outside the Mall, Ninth Avenue SE has been associated with commerce since 1875 when the HBC store was established. (Activity Value)

The main street area also possesses person value for its associations with Angus Fraser, its earliest landowner, homesteader and manager of its first commercial enterprise, the Hudson’s Bay Company post. (Person Value)

The First Nations presence at the confluence influenced the North West Mounted Police (NWMP) to establish their fort at that location, on the west bank of the Elbow, in September 1875. Later that year the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), under the direction of Angus Fraser, relocated their trading post on the east bank of the Elbow across from , today the west end of the Inglewood main street area. Fraser had arrived in 1874 to establish an outpost at the mouth of the (45 km west of Calgary). The HBC post did not hold title to their land so, to secure it, Fraser personally homesteaded 160 acres in 1881. First Nations people were essential to the HBC’s fur and provisioning trade, both as a market for goods and as suppliers of the pemmican and buffalo robes which were the basis for this trade. Métis

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homesteaders were also involved as HBC employees and freighters. The confluence and the two forts became a nucleus for settlement. In the Inglewood main street area, NWMP Inspector Sir Cecil Denny began homesteading the lands east of the HBC fort; south of Ninth Avenue SE, Colonel James Walker, also a former NWMP officer and the Cochrane Ranch manager, homesteaded and operated his sawmill from 1882. Remaining from this important period are the Hunt House, an 1881 HBC log cabin, as well as the artifacts and below-ground remains of the Fort Calgary archaeological site.

From the early 1880s when Inglewood was briefly Calgary’s original town centre, and Ninth Avenue its first main street, the Ninth Avenue SE Main Street has been the social and commercial heart of the Inglewood community. (Symbolic Value)

The commercial street is also valued for its associations with the AE Cross family, a generous and progressive employer, whose early industrial business once gave the area the name ‘Brewery Flats’, and has four important historic sites associated with the family. (Person Value)

Following confirmation by the Pacific Railway (CPR) that their main line would extend through Calgary along the , Commissioner George Irvine and Major John Stewart, both of the NWMP, acquired Denny’s land which they subdivided as ‘Calgary’. However, a short time later the CPR effectively determined a new town centre location when they registered land west of the Elbow as ‘Calgary Plan A’ and announced plans to build their station. Although many eastside settlers moved across the river to that subdivision, the major landowners east of the Elbow remained committed to the area. Stewart built a substantial residence just north of the corridor (extant). Wesley Orr, who served many terms as alderman and mayor, acquired the land around the HBC post west of 11th Street which he registered in 1887 as ‘East Calgary’, successfully promoting it as the municipality’s first industrial area.

Some of the earliest build-out of the main street area comprised industrial development starting in 1892 with Alfred E. Cross’s Calgary Brewing & Malting Co. at 1535 Ninth Avenue. The Cross family who lived just north of the main street on 8th Avenue at the 1891 Cross Residence (extant), was a significant and progressive employer; the surrounding community was soon referred to as Brewery Flats. The family were also known for their contributions to the community, including two sites in the corridor: the 1932 garden on the south part of the brewery site (formerly open to the public) and the 1936 Inglewood Lawn Bowling Club on 8th Avenue. Other early industrial employers formerly located on Ninth Avenue included Cushing Brothers Sash and Door, established by William Henry Cushing in 1885, and Terrill’s 1911 greenhouses (none are extant).

In 1906 William Pearce subdivided the main street area east of 15th Street as ‘Bow Bend’, where he built his sandstone mansion. He later donated lands which became Pearce Estates Park, and was responsible for establishing a park at St. George’s Island north of Inglewood. South of the main street area, Colonel Walker surveyed the west portion of his lands as ‘Inglewood’,

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retaining the east portion (today’s bird sanctuary) for agriculture. The east end of today’s Business Improvement Area (BIA) is within this subdivision. From around 1910 the surrounding neighbourhood took the name Inglewood in favour of Brewery Flats. The Major Stewart House, the street layout of the East Calgary subdivisions, including the ‘Atlantic Avenue’ main street running diagonally through them, and Pearce Estates Park, set northeast of the main street area, remain today.

The busy Ninth Avenue SE east-west traffic corridor possesses activity value as an important transportation route, as an early streetcar route, and as part of the original east-west highway through Calgary. (Activity Value)

The most intense period of commercial development followed the introduction of the ‘’ (Route 1) streetcar line in 1909. To accommodate the new system a 1908 steel bridge replaced the original bridge over the Elbow River and service was introduced along Ninth Avenue from the bridge to a loop at 15th Street. In the early years, horses were the most common mode of transport and even by the 1920s there were still three important livery stables in the corridor: the 1909 Stewart Livery Stable at 806 14th Street, the 1909 East End livery stable at 1036 10th Avenue (both are extant), and Charles Riddock’s Cartage and Livery stables on 8th Avenue (non- extant). From the 1920s, Ninth Avenue between 17th Avenue SE and the Langevin (today’s Reconciliation) bridge became part of the first east-west highway through Calgary before the creation of the Trans Highway in the mid-1950s which followed 16th Avenue N. By the mid-1930s, the transition from horses to cars being well underway, there were at least 8 automobile-related businesses along the Ninth Avenue SE main street. From the onset of Alberta’s Post-war economic oil boom in 1947, automobiles and the associated automotive service industry increased significantly. The affordable vacant lots along Ninth Avenue SE which had not been developed in the Inter-war period attracted renewed building and the street was almost fully developed by 1951. Most of these buildings were automotive service related. One of the most distinctive examples, and the sole Ninth Avenue SE automobile service building on the inventory, the 1946 Art Moderne Commercial Body Works Building at 1018, was demolished in 2015. However, non-inventoried examples remain, including some which have been reactivated for other purposes such as the re-use of a Quonset hut which is currently the Blues Can bar. These vernacular buildings make a contribution to the street and add a sense of evolution.

Serving its commercial role since 1875, almost 150 years, the Ninth Avenue SE commercial main street area has a wide representation of significant commercial and mixed-use residential-commercial architecture, including one of Calgary’s best collections of intact Edwardian Commercial-style buildings. (Style Value)

The Ninth Street SE commercial buildings display the following styles, organized chronologically:

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• Vernacular log cabin style (1875-83) - simple one-storey log structures with gable roofs; three remain, the ca1876 Hunt House and the ca1875 Metis Cabin on the HBC site and one other, the McVittie Cabin, at Heritage Park. • commercial style (1884-1903) - the next common style to appear; gable-roofed, wood-frame buildings with bevelled wood siding and boomtown false fronts. Although buildings with intact elements of this style do not remain, some may be uncovered in future restorations. • Edwardian Commercial-style (1904-14) - typically 1 to 4-storey, flat-roofed buildings of wood-frame or solid brick construction (later examples included structural steel and/or concrete floors), often with red face-brick cladding on the front façade and pressed metal upper and lower cornices. All had storefronts on the ground floor with recessed entry ways and large plate glass display windows with full-width, multi-light transom and sign band above. Most buildings over one storey were mixed-use, commercial-residential with residential apartments and some offices on the upper storeys. There are 13 buildings of this style on the historic inventory, with 12 on the main street, and one on 10th Avenue. • Inter-war (1918-1938) - in the main street area there are good vernacular examples, including the 1923 Spanish Colonial Revival Blyth Hall and the 1936 Art Deco Garry Theatre on the inventory. • Post-war styles (1946-56) - there are good vernacular examples in the main street area, including the 1946 utilitarian Commercial-style Lyon’s Confectionery Building at 1221 and the 1946 Economy Cleaners & Tailors Building with International Style influences at 1209.

The Ninth Avenue SE Main Street area is valued for its public buildings which have played an important role in the community. (Institution Value)

A central street in Inglewood, Ninth Avenue SE also possesses many important institutional and public service buildings, both along the main street and in the adjacent context area. Those along the main street include the 1902 New East Ward School (now Alexandra Centre) at 922, the 1906 Fire Hall No. 3 at 1028 and the East Calgary Telephone Exchange Building built at 1311 by provincial public works in 1909. Those in the context area are the 1911 churches, St. John's Evangelist Anglican and St. Andrew's Italian Parish, at 1423 and 1403 8th Avenue, respectively and the 1912 Trinity United Church at 1401 10th Avenue.

The Ninth Avenue SE Main Street study area is a landmark streetscape in Calgary, known for its high concentration of historic sites. (Landmark Value)

• ‘Inglewood is endowed with one of the province’s richest collections of historic sites and structures’ (Provincial Minister of Culture and Multiculturalism, 1991) • ‘Inglewood contains the greatest concentration and variety of heritage resources in the City’ (Heritage Planner reporting to , 1991). Almost three quarters of these sites are located in the study area.

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• City Council passed a resolution in 1991 ‘to designate in principal the area of Inglewood as an Historic District … [to]… support the physical integrity, social character and history of the area’ (Decision of Council, 1991).

From 1992 Heritage Canada, the Inglewood Business Revitalization Zone and participating building owners ran a two-year Main Street Project to restore the façades of a number of buildings, and revitalize the businesses on Ninth Avenue SE. These initiatives continued from 1994-2001 under the Alberta Main Street Programme.

The residential working class streetscapes in the study area along 8th and 10th Avenues recall the area’s industrial roots. (Symbolic Value)

Following on large industrial employers such as the CPR from 1883, the Burns meat packing plant from the 1880s and the brewery from 1892, the surrounding East Calgary subdivisions in Inglewood and Ramsay developed as working-class neighbourhoods. In the study area, 8th and 10th Avenues display representative working-class residential streetscapes, characterized by modest early 20th Century cottages, mostly 1 to 1½ storeys and a few with 2 storeys, with landscaped setbacks and grassy public boulevards with regular plantings of street trees and shrubs.

The Inglewood Main Street study area also possesses style value for the early 20th Century styles of the homes lining the 8th and 10th Avenue residential streetscapes. (Style Value)

The north side of the 10th Avenue residential street developed early and by 1914 was 80% built out, while the south side of 8th Avenue was about 50% built out at that time. By 1924, 8th Avenue was still mainly unchanged, although 10th Avenue and the residential streets in Bow Bend at the east end of the study area were almost entirely developed. As a result, these streets display early 20th Century styles including Foursquare, Edwardian Gable-Front, Edwardian Cottage, Craftsman and Queen Anne with front porches and mainly front-gable roofs, but also some hipped and side-gable roofs.

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2. Heritage Built Form Summary The following is a description of the physical elements which capture, display or embody the heritage value described in the above assessment. Referred to as character defining elements they include buildings, assemblies or groupings of building, special sites, and streetscapes, as well as the relation to the wider heritage context and interface with surrounding community where there are historic associations. They include attributes such as view-lines, setbacks and landscaping, styles and architectural elements, and materials. In order to retain the heritage value of a place, the associated character defining elements must also be retained and managed.

Character Defining Elements Key elements that define the heritage character of the Inglewood Main Street study area include but are not limited to its:

• Characteristics of the Ninth Avenue SE commercial street which was almost fully developed by 1950 including: o early commercial street with sidewalks; o 1 to 4-storey, flat-roofed commercial buildings; o commercial storefronts at street level; residential apartments and some offices on the upper levels; o many commercial buildings with zero front setbacks, built on narrow (25 or 50-foot) lots with a narrow (25-foot) bay rhythm at ground level, especially west of 13th Street (which was about 50% built-out by 1911); o Edwardian commercial buildings with Edwardian Commercial-style features such as: red-brick cladding on the front façade; pressed metal upper and lower cornices and decorative elements, many sand-painted; commercial storefronts with piers, bulkheads, recessed entry ways, and large plate glass display windows with full- width transom lights, some with metal-frame canvas awnings; name blocks and multi-pane Chicago-style windows on upper level; sandstone or sandstone-look cast stone lintels and sills; wooden window sashes and doors; o Inter-war vernacular commercial buildings with smooth stucco cladding; architectural detailing reflecting interpretations or influences of the styles of that period such as Spanish Colonial Revival, Art Moderne and Art Deco; o Post-war vernacular commercial buildings, some with influences of the International Style;

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o commercial signage such as wooden or pressed metal signbands, some with date or name blocks, and/or small projecting signs on building façades at top of storefront; original painted ‘ghost’ signs; • Commercial architectural streetscapes with special assemblies: o The assemblies of Edwardian Commercial-style buildings in the 1200 block and on the north side of the 1300 block of Ninth Avenue; th o National Hotel at 1036 10 Avenue and adjacent livery stable; • Characteristics of the adjacent working-class residential streetscapes on 8th and 10th avenues and the south end of 15th and 16th streets including: o residential streetscape features including consistent landscaped setbacks, grassy sidewalk boulevards with uniform plantings of trees and shrubs, and mature street trees especially on 10th Avenue; o 1, 1 ½ and 2-storey working-class cottages; o Victorian and Edwardian working-class residential most wooden-frame with: bevelled wooden siding and wooden architectural details; front porches or verandahs; front-gabled, side-gabled or hipped roofs; and styles comprising Foursquare, Edwardian Gable-Front, Edwardian Cottage, Craftsman and Queen Anne Styles; • Streetscapes associated with the AE Cross family and Inglewood’s industrial roots: o the streetscape on the south side of the east end of the 1500 block comprising the 1892 Calgary Brewing & Malting Co. site and 1932 landscaped former public garden at 1535; th o the part of the west side of 12 Street which extends from the 1936 Inglewood Lawn Bowling Club (1235 8th Avenue) to the 1891 AE Cross Residence (1240 8th Avenue); • Important institutional and public service buildings located in the main street area including the 1909 East Calgary Telephone Exchange Building at 1311, 1902 Alexandra School at 922, and 1906 Fire Hall No. 3 at 1028 on 9th Avenue and 1911 St. Andrew's Italian Parish and St. John's Evangelist Anglican at 1403 and 1423 8th Avenue, respectively; • The individual historic sites which, due to their significance and high concentration, collectively give the Inglewood Main Street Area its Landmark Value as listed in Appendix II; • Historic situation, setting and layout including: o setting near the Bow River with its west end located on the east bank of the Elbow River at the confluence of the Bow and Elbow Rivers, a significant navigational intersection and stopping place for First Nations people for millennia; o historic relation to the Fort Calgary archaeological site; o early buildings related to Ninth Avenue’s earliest commercial enterprise, the 1875 Hudson’s Bay Company post and store situated on the southeast embankments of the confluence, including the 1881 HBC log cabin at 801 8th Street SE; clear views from the former HBC site to the Bow and Elbow rivers and their confluence;

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o relation to the historic crossings of the Elbow River: the 1883 (CPR) main line and the 1884 traffic crossing; and th th th o the original street layout of 8 , 9 and 10 Avenues per early (1884, 1887 and 1906) East Calgary subdivision plans; the distinctive 6-way corner at 15th Street where the diagonal and grid plans interconnect; relation to the early Pearce and Walker subdivisions northeast and southeast of the main street area, respectively.

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Integrity The Inglewood Main Street study area meets the following criteria for integrity: location, environment, associations, design, materials, workmanship and feeling. It has a very high degree of integrity, and only one other commercial street in Calgary, Stephen Avenue, can compare with it. The integrity of its historic building stock is also high as a result of reinvestment in the last four decades under programs described below.

Location The Inglewood Main Street study area retains its historic context with its setting across the river from Fort Calgary, at the confluence of the Bow and Elbow rivers, one of Calgary’s most significant places. It also retains its location where the earliest East Calgary subdivisions come together.

Environment The west end of the study area retains clear views to the Bow and Elbow rivers and their confluence, with soft and open landscaping as well as natural vegetation along the riverbank. The layout of the area still conforms to the early East Calgary subdivision plans, with no major road changes or closures.

Associations The Inglewood Main Street study area maintains its associations with historic activities: • First Nation peoples and their traditional use of the confluence - the study area retains its location, historic context and the relation to the confluence of the Bow and Elbow rivers and therefore its association with this use from pre-contact times. • Commerce - The Ninth Avenue SE Corridor is still a busy commercial street; it also retains the -period buildings associated with the HBC fort and those from the first half of the 20th century associated to its service as a streetcar commercial street, although no commercial examples of the ca1890s early settlement period remain are evident. • Transportation - the area has maintained its role as a busy transport corridor as well as the character of a streetcar commercial street along Ninth Avenue.

The Inglewood Main Street study area retains its associations with its historic land uses, although the balance of its original commercial and residential land uses was challenged in the 1960s when there was such a proliferation of car dealerships, and auto body and salvage shops that City plans identified the neighbourhood as an industrial area. However, a joint Inglewood- Ramsay community-led revitalization project led to a 1974 City-endorsed design brief and corrective zoning that stabilized land use. Later, remedial zoning regulation in the 1990s further limited future auto-related businesses.

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With the balance of uses in the corridor restored, the Inglewood Main Street study area could keep its original land use: commercial and mixed residential-commercial on the main street, residential uses on the adjacent avenues and intersecting streets, and some institutional throughout the study area. Associations are retained through the currently zoned uses as well as through the building types and styles, setbacks and landscaping as identified in the character defining elements.

The Inglewood Main Street study area retains its working-class residential streetscapes, and therefore maintains its symbolic associations with its industrial, working-class roots. 8th and 10th Avenues retain a high number of early 20th Century cottages, as well as their landscaped setbacks along the streets and the planted public boulevards. Most infill respects the scale and form of the houses, with a few exceptions.

The Inglewood Main Street study area also retains its associations with historic persons: • AE Cross family - these associations are retained through the retention of the brewery site and former garden, the Cross Residence and the bowling club.

Design, Materials and Workmanship At the street level The streetscape of the commercial main street within the study area has a high level of integrity while showing a gradual sense of evolution, with only a few properties that disrupt the visual continuity. The buildings in Pre-war and Inter-war commercial streets were erected adjacent to each other in compact assemblies, often sharing a common wall, and usually displaying common storefront and signage elements, creating a visual continuity at street level. Examples of these assemblies are more commonly seen west of 13th Street. Building heights vary, but within a four-storey range. East of 13th Street these earlier commercial buildings are less common and tend to be more dispersed between Post-war developments, which are mainly automotive-related often with large setbacks on all sides. In general, Post-war development was infill on undeveloped parcels; it did not result in a loss of historic structure, and shows a sense of evolution. However, there are a few examples where larger car dealerships and parking lots interrupt this pattern. Newer buildings have generally respected the height, roof-form and materiality of the Pre-war commercial buildings, however a few recent developments erected on large lots do not maintain the fine-grained massing, articulation or bay rhythm at street level of the early 20th century buildings. Also, east of mid- block in the 1300 block is in the floodplain (flood fringe), one new build has a deeper setback and higher grade than the rest of the block to meet guidelines following the 2013 flood.

At the building level The integrity of the early 20th Century building stock is high thanks to reinvestment under various programs and initiatives in the last four decades. The above-mentioned corrective zoning enabled mortgage guarantees for homes that had been rezoned for industry and the

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retention of that housing stock; the 1970s community revitalization project also led to a $5.6 million Neighbourhood Improvement Program with incentive funding for building regeneration as well as community service projects to adaptively re-use the Alexandra School as a multi- service centre and the East Calgary Telephone Exchange as a seniors arts and social centre.

In addition, for many commercial buildings, from 1992-2001 a further $2.5 million was invested in façade restorations under an Inglewood Main Street Programme. The restored buildings show a high level of integrity of design, materiality and workmanship, and positively influence the maintenance and integrity of other buildings on the commercial street.

The example above is the Aull Block: façade shown covered in stucco in 1992 (left) and after its brick, cornices and name block were restored (right).

Feeling Because it has evolved, mainly through infill vs. demolition, it retains the feeling of a commercial street which developed from the late 19th Century through Mid-Century times. The

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Inglewood Main Street study area also retains the numerous historic sites and structures that give it its landmark status.

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3. Heritage Strategy and Tools summary The following is a summary of potential tools which would support, either directly or indirectly, heritage preservation in the project area, that is, the protection and maintenance of the character defining elements identified in the previous section. This section includes: a summary of existing tools enabled by municipal, provincial and federal policy and legislation; tools currently under consideration by the City of Calgary; and suggested additional best practice tools employed by other jurisdictions, as well as the rationale for their adoption at a municipal or provincial level.

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Summary of Existing Heritage Policy and Tools The table below summarizes existing heritage policy and tools that would apply to the study area. In terms of legislation, the enabling legislation for local municipalities to identify, protect and manage historic resources in Alberta is the Alberta Historical Resources Act. Policy tools that are regulated by a municipal land use bylaw, that designate and control land uses or that provide financial incentives like property tax incentives for heritage properties are covered under the Alberta Municipal Government Act. City of Calgary municipal planning incentives are controlled under the Land Use Bylaw, the Municipal Development Plan, the Developed Areas Guidebook, and Local Area Plans. Most Federal heritage legislation is covered under two acts: The Department of Canadian Heritage Act and the Historic Sites and Monuments Act. Policy Details Comments Municipal Designation as Designation Bylaw provides Access to municipal and Municipal Historic long-term legal protection and provincial grants; some Resource demolition control favourable planning policies e.g. parking relaxations Listing on Inventory of property is eligible for Technical Support, Limited Tools, Evaluated Resources designation may have favourable policies Heritage Density development project may Not yet implemented for Transfer increase density by transferring Inglewood (see next section). unused density from a heritage May be integrity issues if receiver resource site is also on the main street Provincial Designation as Provides long-term legal Access to advisors, grants Provincial Historic protection Resource Designation of a Provides long-term legal Requires the agreement of all Provincial Historic Area protection property owners within the area Main Street projects integrate heritage Overall programme terminated Programme preservation and economic by the government in 2015, but it (terminated but may be needs by following four may be possible to apply to the possible through the strategies: coordination, Alberta Historic Resources Alberta Historic business development, Foundation for funding/support Resources Foundation) promotion and design/façade as a special project. rehabilitation Alberta Municipal A council may designate an area Area redevelopment plans can Government Act - area of the municipality as a provide direction for redevelopment plans redevelopment area for the rehabilitating buildings, and can purpose of …(ii) rehabilitating include other proposals by buildings in the area 634(1) (a) council. An ARP may contain “any other proposals that the council considers necessary.” 635 (b) Federal Designations (Historic Commemorative recognition; This has been useful for the Sites & Monuments does not provide protection; Stephen Avenue district when Board of Canada) limited cost sharing funding. combined with other strategies

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City of Calgary Proposed Tools The following are tools which could be used to manage heritage within the study area should they be implemented. Policy Details Comments Municipal Draft Historic East Calgary LAP Heritage Planning areas identified for heritage Policy tools such as those listed below Areas planning work and policy tools under Heritage Conservation Tools & Incentives report; in non-statutory appendix of LAP. Heritage Conservation Tools and Incentives report (PUD2020-0259) Financial Incentives Community-Specific or Area- Community investment fund under Specific Grant Program Established Areas Growth & Change Strategy (EAGCS) Municipal Tax Incentives - privately owned buildings (Only Residential Tax-Back Grant- residential at the time of this report) owners of designated e.g. 15 Years up to $50,000 total; not properties receive partial tied to conservation work reimbursement Non-Residential Tax Credit- e.g. 50% of project cost, up to 50% of owners annually receive assessed value partial tax reimbursement for conservation work on designated properties Increased matching grant funding Owners contribute 50% of the cost of for - owners of designated the project through a matching grant commercial properties programme; incentive to designate and maintain commercial buildings Heritage Calgary Operating Could increase designated properties Increase Heritage Policy Applicable to newly proposed Currently not proposed for commercial Areas (currently heritage assets (see image below areas, but could be very effective, being drafted) for study area) as follows: especially if all 3 layers applied; benefits residential streets within the study area (comments below) Layer 1 - additional permitted & Applies to all heritage assets discretionary uses such as higher density, parcel width, lot coverage, reduced parking requirements, expedited approvals Layer 2 - additional layer of Applies to all heritage assets within discretionary design guidelines defined areas with 25% heritage assets (roof pitch, massing, fenestration, on a block face; discretionary materiality, etc.) to all building guidelines not as strong as design types in the policy area regulation.

Layer 3 - additional layer of Applies to all buildings within defined comprehensive policy controlled areas with 50% heritage assets on a by a Direct Control Bylaw block face; context-specific design regulations (massing, setbacks, roof

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pitch, etc.); generally requires supportive property owners Although Heritage Areas Policy is currently only proposed for residential streets and not for commercial streets, the policy could provide effective heritage protection for the study area in the form of additional permitted & discretionary uses, building design guidelines and comprehensive policy controlled by a Direct Control Bylaw with design regulations. Below is a conceptual illustration of a generic area (from the Heritage Conservation Tools and Incentives public presentation by heritage planning January 2, 2020) showing how the three layers of heritage area policy are applied based on percentage of heritage frontage on a block-face.

Layer 1 applies to all blue dots (commercial streets removed in policy currently being drafted), additional layer 2 applies to yellow area, and further layer 3 to the orange area.

Based on the heritage assets identified in the windshield survey map from the Heritage Conservation Tools and Incentives report supporting material, most or all of the study area would qualify for all three layers of policy.

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Additional Best Practice Tools Recommended

In Europe, the United States and many other Canadian provinces heritage district policy and legislation is widely used and very effective in retaining the built heritage. One successful example for a Canadian an inner city commercial main street is Queen Street West Heritage Conservation District (HCD) in Toronto, where 254 properties are protected under the Heritage Act (OHA). The area is managed by a heritage management plan which is a requirement for all HCD’s. The plan includes design guidelines for both retaining the heritage attributes (referred to here as character defining elements) of the existing heritage buildings and guiding the street wall elements (form, building heights, setbacks) as well as architectural façade patterns and features of new buildings. These latter guidelines would manage the character defining elements of the streetscape.

Although having legislation such as the OHA for Alberta would be a goal in the longer term, many of the outcomes could be achieved in the interim through zoning bylaw direction and Local Area Planning policies which provide design regulation for the existing heritage buildings, street wall elements and new buildings. This type of direct control has been used by heritage planners since 1982 to manage Heritage Overlay Districts. Although the creation of Direct Control Bylaws customized for specific purposes is generally discouraged in Calgary, an exception should be made for one of the most significant heritage areas in the province.

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4. Built Form Strategy Assessment There is currently a unique opportunity in Calgary to retain the integrity and historic form of its most historic and intact streetcar commercial street, the Inglewood Main Street, which is the only streetcar commercial street to maintain its character-defining scale and street pattern. These recommendations do not replace a comprehensive heritage management strategy or plan. In addition to the programmes, policy and tools listed below, such plans might include non-legislative tools and actions such as a comprehensive building survey, or programmes for interpretation or branding.

Future threats to integrity The built form of the study area and its surrounding context has maintained an exceptional degree of integrity to date, and the current zoning has seen new development while retaining much of the historic built environment. However, there are a number of challenges and threats to maintaining the integrity of the historic fabric and fine-grained built form of this neighbourhood. These challenges generally stem from the introduction of or proposed introduction of policy to achieve increased density, without corresponding policy to support the preservation of historic character and heritage assets through sensitive development and adaptive re-use.

Heights - Historic heights ranged from 1 to 4 storeys, and were predominantly 2-storey. In recent years several buildings have been erected or are under construction within the study area, at a height range from 4-7 storeys. The permissible height of 6 storeys recommended for most of 9th Avenue in the proposed LAP would not pose a threat if implemented with attention to massing (see comments below). However, significantly increased heights of 12 to 26 storey (mid-scale to high-scale) are proposed in the draft Historic East Calgary Communities Local Area Plan (LAP) near three very historic areas: • A 26 storey (high-scale) area at the Ninth Avenue SE western gateway would affect the 8 Street SE cultural landscape comprising the historic setting near the Bow River and the east bank of the Elbow River where the confluence has been a significant navigational intersection and stopping place for First Nations people for millennia; the historic 1883 CPR railway and 1884 traffic crossings; the historic relation to Fort Calgary archaeological site across the Elbow and the Deane House; and the 1875 HBC post location and historic 1881 HBC log cabins; this area should seek to minimize development on the north side of 9th

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Avenue to preserve clear views from the former HBC site to the Bow and Elbow rivers and their confluence, and limit development on the south side to low-scale; • 12 storey (mid-scale) near two cultural landscapes associated with the AE Cross family and Inglewood’s industrial roots: th th o 9 Avenue and 12 Street is the heart of the historic area; the west side of 12th Street which extends from the 1936 Inglewood Lawn Bowling Club to the 1891 AE Cross Residence is a cultural landscape; in addition, the west corner lots at that intersection are part of the 1200 block of 9th Avenue, one of Calgary’s most intact Edwardian Commercial architectural streetscapes; o the streetscape comprising the 1892 Calgary Brewing & Malting Co. site and 1932 landscaped former public garden; while a larger site that could accommodate higher than 6 storeys, it is important to retain the gardens which interface the street as well as the historic buildings which can be viewed from the street.

The 3-storey height proposed in the draft LAP for the surrounding residential context would have a negative impact on the integrity of the adjacent historic residential streetscapes of 1- storey houses working-class on 8th and 10th avenues.

Massing and historic streetwall - This aspect of integrity can be adversely affected by the consolidation of lots to create large parcels, generally resulting in large-footprint buildings that are less likely reflect the fine-grained historic streetwall created by narrower buildings with articulated 25-foot storefronts and traditional architectural façade patterns such as the fenestration and the heights of the lower cornices/signbands.

Flood fringe policy and historic streetwall - The historic commercial streetwall was built to the lot line with zero setback, creating uniformity and a direct interaction between storefronts and pedestrians. Guidelines for construction in the floodplain (flood fringe, east of mid-block in the 1300 block) following the 2013 flood, call for a deeper setback and higher grade than existing buildings and disrupt the continuity of the historic streetwall. Widening sidewalks for new developments could also disrupt the continuity of the streetwall.

Historic fabric - The biggest threat to the historic fabric is the sometimes contradictory relationship between policies, which encourage intensification and redevelopment and policy that promotes the retention, re-use and/or rehabilitation of the existing historic and character buildings. As well, murals are encouraged in the proposed LAP; applying an incompatible coating to create murals on the side/rear of traditional brick or wood façades can permanently damage the historic fabric.

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Heritage Strategies: Individual Historic Resources Current policy and legislation applicable to the Inglewood Main Street study area are mainly restricted to individual buildings. However, since the study area contains a significant number of historic buildings they are important tools to consider.

Strategies to manage and protect the heritage and character of the study area have been organized around five main types: acquisition/ownership, property rights, regulation, education/promotion and incentives.

Control through acquisition/ownership - this method is only appropriate for certain types of sites. For the study area, Alexandra School, the Cross House, the Inglewood Lawn Bowling Club and the Inglewood pool are owned by the City; the Hunt House, Métis Cabin and Deane House by civic partner Fort Calgary; and the East Calgary Telephone Exchange by the community association.

Control through regulation - current regulation for the study area is mainly designation, municipal or provincial, which provides long-term legal protection, and offers access to knowledge and funding towards conserving the building. Further, where designated resources are strategically located mid-block, they can act as ‘anchor sites’ which have the potential to deter the consolidation of the adjacent lots for a large-scale development, indirectly protecting other sites on the block. 11 sites in the study area are designated, 4 provincially, 4 municipally and 3 registered. Very few are located as strategic anchor sites.

Property rights controlled by title or agreement (vs. ordinance) - one example would be protecting the development rights of a property by preservation easements. For at least one building in the study area, the development rights are protected by a restrictive covenant.

Incentives - an incentives approach is especially useful for privately-owned buildings. Grants are available for designated Municipal and Provincial Historic Resources as mentioned above, and provide an incentive for owners to designate/protect their property. The proposed residential and non-residential tax incentives identified in section 3 would encourage property owners to designate and bolster the limited number of protected resources in the study area, especially if applied to 9th Avenue, which would be exempted under the proposed rules. However, these incentives would be significantly offset by the mid-rise development proposed for some areas on 9th Avenue. Although there is no density transfer policies in the current Draft LAP, this could be an effective tool to preserve source sites located in the study area, provided the density is transferred to appropriate receiver sites outside the study and historic context areas. Density transfer policies have been implemented in 5 other Calgary inner city communities (Beltline, Downtown, East Village, Hillhurst/Sunnyside and Sunalta).

Education/information/promotion - educational/informational tools currently in place include:

• information regarding the historic significance of the 43 inventory sites in the study area posted on the Heritage Calgary database at

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https://www.calgary.ca/PDA/PD/Pages/Heritage-planning/Inventory-of-evaluated- historic-resources.aspx; • technical support and information is available to the owners of properties on the inventory; Provincial Historic Resources are recognized by bronze plaques and many commercial buildings display interpretive signage; and • an Atlantic Avenue walking tour is available at Atlantic avenue, Inglewood : historical walking tours.

Only strategies which are neutral or enhance the context have been discussed, and certain individual resource strategies have not been included because of their negative impact to the overall context of the historic streetscape. For example, density transfer where the sites receiving the density (receiver sites) are within or near the study area could result in developments that are more appropriate for a downtown core. Tall buildings would tower over the 1 to 4-storey area, negatively affecting its historic context. The LAP area would benefit from significant incentives to retain buildings on the inventory, otherwise there is a risk that heritage buildings will be lost.

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Heritage Strategies: Historic Context strategies The application of all three layers of heritage area policy identified in section 3 would provide incentives to individual property owners, design guidelines for contributing heritage assets and comprehensive policy controlled by a Direct Control Bylaw to address streetwall design. Alternatively, it is possible to implement special Heritage Overlay Districts which would implement the same incentives and design guidelines.

A 9th Avenue Main Street Project run as a follow-up to the successful project that ran from 1992- 2001 is strongly recommended. Main Street Projects are highly effective overarching programmes which integrates heritage preservation and economic needs by following four strategies: coordination, business development, promotion and design/façade rehabilitation. They have been widely used in North America and in Canada since 1978. Part of the work for a second project has already been completed; in 2015 statements of significance-evaluations were completed for 24 commercial and institutional sites in preparation for a provincial Main Street project, however, the government terminated the Province’s overall Main Street Programme later in 2015. However, it would be possible to apply to the provincial Historical Resources Branch for funding as a special project where matching rehabilitation funding would be provided by building owners; funding could also come from the City of Calgary, federal job creation grants, and the Inglewood BIA. In the post-COVID19 economy shovel-ready sustainable construction projects where building-owners and the government collaborate to invest in commercial building stock will be important to reviving the economy. Other recommendations include: • The creation of a heritage management plan for the Main Street area which would incorporate many of the strategies listed above in a cohesive, phased approach; • The development of place-making policy to create a vision for development that uses historic assets at its core, and has stronger policy for the adaptive re-use of existing buildings; for example, development of the Brewery Site as a Brewery District, an example being Toronto’s successful historic Distillery District; • The development of a comprehensive heritage study such as an historic context paper or heritage impact assessment to inform future plans and policy; • Branding and interpretation of Atlantic Avenue as a heritage district over and above heritage interpretation of individual sites, even if formal recognition/protection is not yet in place; • Working with the Province for the creation of heritage area legislation which does not require the consent of all property owners.

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Appendix I Methodology and Sources used

Methodology

• Heritage Assessment o Heritage Value . text summary description of assets along 9th Avenue SE, between the Elbow River and Blackfoot Trail including: • specific buildings - historic resources • significant building assemblies, sites, and streetscapes • wider heritage context, setting and interface with surrounding communities

• Heritage Strategy and Tools o Summary of potential tools and strategies to aid in heritage preservation in the project area . summary of existing tools . new tools proposed by City of Calgary heritage planning . recommended tools and strategies aligned with City of Calgary and Provincial policies and programs . suggested additional tools and rationale for their adoption at a municipal or provincial level

• Built Form Strategy Assessment o Input on proposed built form strategies from heritage conservation and potential impact perspective.

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Sources All work is consistent with international heritage charters, and follows national standards and guidelines as well as relevant provincial and municipal heritage processes including • Government of Alberta's Historic Resources Management Branch processes as outline in Evaluating Historic Places: Eligibility, Significance and Integrity and Managing Historic Places: Designating Municipal Historic Resources; and • Standards and Guidelines (2010) for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada, Canada’s guidance for conservation practice published by Parks Canada.

In addition, the following sources were used to inform the areas of study identified in the above methodology.

Primary Glenbow archives: William Pearce family fonds Col. James H. Walker fonds Alberta Land Titles 1884 Irvine and Stewart Subdivision Plan A3 ‘Calgary’ for SE 14 T24 R1 W5 1887 Wesley Orr Subdivision Plan A2 of ‘East Calgary’ for SW 14 1906 William Pearce subdivision Plan 1593O of ‘Bow Bend’ for SW13 1912 Colonel James Walker Subdivision Plan of ‘Inglewood’ for N12 – district of Inglewood appears Henderson’s by 1910 Library and Archives Canada - land grants 1886 Colonel James Walker for NW 12 T24 R1 W5 Other: Aerial photographs 1924, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Digital Library, 1961 oblique historic aerial photograph

Secondary Alberta Register of Historic Places (n.d.), Alberta Heritage Survey Programme, HS 4665-0542, https://hermis.alberta.ca/ARHP - Walker Estate Anon (1980) ‘Corrective zoning helped Inglewood to retain its single family character’, , 31 Mar 1980 Burns, Thomas S., Elliott, George Babington (1885) Calgary, Alberta, Canada: her industries and resources, Calgary, Alberta: Burns & Elliott Donnelly, Joe (2006) Invisible Transit, Courtesy of the Inglewood Newsletter, Ramsay Community Association newsletter, September 2006 issue, page 7– Red Line Streetcar service City of Calgary (n.d.) Discover Historic Calgary Resources website, http://www.calgary.ca/PDA/pd/Pages/Heritage-planning/Inventory-of-evaluated-historic- resources.aspx, accessed April 2020 City of Calgary Planning & Building Dept. (2014) Inglewood Area Redevelopment Plan, Calgary, February 2014 version City of Calgary (2018) draft Area Redevelopment Plans (ARPs) merged for Inglewood and Ramsay on Engage website - link to pdf City of Calgary (2020) draft Historic East Calgary Area Redevelopment Plan (ARPs) for Inglewood and Ramsay

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City of Calgary Heritage Planning (2020) Heritage Conservation Tools and Incentives report, material for April 1 Planning and Urban Development meeting (PUD2020-0259) - link to pdf City of Calgary (2019) Uncovering Human History_ Archaeology and Calgary Parks Cormier, Ray (1975) Inglewood and Ramsay, cradle of Calgary, Calgary: Century Calgary Publications Hanna, Jack (1985) ‘Inglewood’, Calgary Herald, Life Today section, 27 Jan, 1985 – revitalization Hatcher, Colin (2009) Calgary’s electric transit: an illustrated history of electric public ’s oil capital: streetcars, trolley buses, and vehicles, Montréal : Railfare DC Books Hatcher, Colin (1975) Stampede City streetcars : the story of the Calgary Municipal Railway, Montréal : Railfare DC Books Humber, Donna Mae (1997) What's in a name-- Calgary? [volumes II] : a look at the people behind place names in Calgary Calgary : Detselig Enterprises Jennings Publishing (1911) Calgary, Alberta, merchants and manufacturers record : the manufacturing, jobbing and commercial center of the Canadian West Calgary: Jennings Pub. Co. – industrial development during the boom Liverant, Bettina (1987) Inglewood, Calgary Herald, Special to the Herald 24 Oct, 1987 Old Town Calgary Society (1990) Inglewood: An Historic District, Calgary: Old Town Calgary Society Old Town Calgary Society (1999) Inglewood Atlantic Avenue, Historic Walking Tour, Edmonton : Alberta Community Development, pp 12-13 PlaceEconomics (2020) 24 Reasons Historic Preservation is Good for Your Community https://www.placeeconomics.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/City-Studies-WP-Online- Doc.pdf Sandalack, A and Andrei, N (2006) The Calgary Project: urban form/urban life, Calgary: University of Calgary Press Sanders, Harry (2005) Historic walks of Calgary, Calgary: Red Deer Press Williams, Marilyn (2012) Ramsay Historical Context Paper, Calgary: City of Calgary Land Use Planning & Policy

Unpublished Avitus Design Inc. (1995) The Inglewood-Ramsay Industrial Building Inventory, report prepared for the Old Town Calgary Society Design Guidelines, Inglewood Main Street Project, March 2002 Inglewood Main Street Final Report, Inglewood Main Street Project, September 2002

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Appendix II Inglewood Resources Heritage Inventory As of June 2020 there are 59 extant Inglewood sites on the Inventory of Evaluated Historic Resources, of which 43 are within the study area and another 9 in close proximity.

Resource Name Year Within Provincial Municipal Registered Address Built study area 59 extant sites total 43 6 6 4 1. 9 Avenue SE Boulevards 0 9 AV SE map 1930 N 2. Aull (Sheftel) Block 1227 9 AV SE map 1907 Y 3. Befus Block 1216 9 AV SE map 1910 Y 4. Black Block 1210 9 AV SE map 1904 Y 5. Blackfoot Service Station 1839 9 AV SE map 1966 N 6. Blow Block 1312 9 AV SE map 1908 Y 7. Blyth Block 1340 9 AV SE map 1923 Y 8. British American Oil Company N 2221 9 AV SE map 1939 Refinery 9. Broatch Residence 1203 8 AV SE map 1902 Y 10. Burn Block 1215 9 AV SE map 1912 Y 11. Calgary Brewing & Malting Co. Site 1535 9 AV SE map 1875 Y 12. Calgary Woodworker's Building 1215 13 ST SE map 1911 N 13. Canadian Bank of Commerce 1230 9 AV SE map 1911 Y 14. Carson Block 1336 9 AV SE map 1912 Y 15. Colonel Walker Residence and 2900 SANCTUARY N Y Y 1882 Homestead Lands RD SE map 16. Colonel Walker School 1921 9 AV SE map 1911 N 17. Commercial Body Works Building - 1018 9 AV SE map 1946 (Demolished - 2015) 18. Cross Residence 1240 8 AV SE map 1891 Y Y 19. Deane House 801 8 ST SE map 1906 Y Y 20. Dougall Block 1314 9 AV SE map 1910 Y 21. East Calgary Telephone Exchange 1311 9 AV SE map 1909 Y Y 22. East End Livery 1036 10 AV SE map 1909 Y 23. Economy Cleaners & Tailors Y 1209 9 AV SE map 1946 Building 24. Fire Hall No. 3 (1906) 1028 9 AV SE map 1906 Y Y 25. Fire Hall No. 3 (1952) 2308 17 ST SE map 1952 N 26. Fletchers Elevator Limited 1015 11 ST SE map 1914 N 27. Fraser & Seabloom Block 1329A 9 AV SE map 1912 Y Y 28. Fraser Block 1225 9 AV SE map 1911 Y 29. Garry Theatre 1229 9 AV SE map 1936 Y 30. Gerlitz Residence 1222 10 AV SE map 1904 Y Y 31. Gresham Block 1403 9 AV SE map 1911 Y 32. Hamilton Apartments 911 14 ST SE map 1912 Y 33. Haskins Block 1332 9 AV SE map 1908 Y 34. Hunt House 801 8 ST SE map 1881 Y Y 35. James A. Ross Residence 1421 10 AV SE map 1907 Y Y 36. John Coventry Residence 44 NEW ST SE map 1911

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Resource Name Year Within Provincial Municipal Registered Address Built study area 37. Knight House (Van Wort) 1036 8 AV SE map 1890 Y 38. Lawn Bowling Club 1235 8 AV SE map 1936 Y 39. Lyon's Confectionary Building 1221 9 AV SE map 1946 Y 40. Major Stewart House 26 NEW ST SE map 1885 N Y 41. National Hotel 1036 10 AV SE map 1910 Y Y 42. New East Ward (Alexandra) School 922 9 AV SE map 1902 Y 43. New Place Cottage - No. 10 10 NEW PL SE map 1913 N 44. New Place Cottage - No. 4 4 NEW PL SE map 1911 N 45. New Place Cottage - No. 6 6 NEW PL SE map 1911 N 46. New Place Cottage - No. 8 8 NEW PL SE map 1911 N 47. Oddfellows Hall 1435 9 AV SE map 1950 Y 48. Oscar England Residence 46 NEW ST SE map 1911 N 49. People's Meat Market 1325 9 AV SE map 1909 Y 50. Pugh Residence 2515 17 ST SE map 1912 N Y 51. Rutherford Hardware Store 1226 9 AV SE map 1901 Y 52. Seablom Block 1223 9 AV SE map 1910 Y 53. Sevenoaks Court 1339 10 AV SE map 1913 Y 54. Sibley Block 921 9 AV SE map 1911 Y 55. St. Andrew's Italian Parish Church 1403 8 AV SE map 1911 Y 56. St. John's Evangelist Anglican Y Y Y 1423 8 AV SE map 1911 Church 57. Stewart Livery Stable 806 14 ST SE map 1909 Y 58. Suitor House 1004 8 AV SE map 1908 Y 59. Trinity United Church 1401 10 AV SE map 1912 Y Y 60. William J. Shields Residence 1005 8 AV SE map 1903 Y

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