An Exploration of Repetition and Authenticity in Bob Dylan’S Songs

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An Exploration of Repetition and Authenticity in Bob Dylan’S Songs UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOGÍA INGLESA (Literatura de los Países de Lengua Inglesa) TESIS DOCTORAL The stone keeps rolling: an exploration of repetition and authenticity in Bob Dylan’s songs El canto sigue rodando: una exploración de la repetición y la autenticidad en las canciones de Bob Dylan MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTORA PRESENTADA POR Mara González de Ozaeta DIRECTORES Esther Sánchez-Pardo Julio Arce Bueno Madrid, 2018 © Mara González de Ozaeta, 2017 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA Departamento de Filología Inglesa II (Literatura de los Países de Lengua Inglesa) TESIS DOCTORAL El canto sigue rodando: Una exploración de la repetición y la autenticidad en las canciones de Bob Dylan. The stone keeps rolling: An exploration of repetition and authenticity in Bob Dylan’s songs. MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Mara González de Ozaeta DIRECTORES Esther Sánchez-Pardo Julio Arce Bueno Madrid, 2017 © Mara González de Ozaeta MARA GONZÁLEZ DE OZAETA EL CANTO SIGUE RODANDO: UNA EXPLORACIÓN DE LA REPETICIÓN Y LA AUTENTICIDAD EN LAS CANCIONES DE BOB DYLAN _______________ THE STONE KEEPS ROLLING: AN EXPLORATION OF REPETITION AND AUTHENTICITY IN BOB DYLAN’S SONGS DIRECTORES: DRA. DÑA. ESTHER SÁNCHEZ-PARDO DR. D. JULIO ARCE BUENO 2017 A mis padres AGRADECIMIENTOS La presentación de esta tesis doctoral es la culminación de un proceso académico en la institución de la Universidad Complutense, concretamente en la Facultad de Filología, donde he disfrutado de unos años clave para mi desarrollo profesional y personal, así como para el disfrute del conocimiento y la lectura. Las instalaciones de la facultad, los profesores, los compañeros de clase, etc; han colaborado en hacer de estos años de estudios un período esencial y muy significativo. Cabe destacar la labor de profesores como Eusebio de Lorenzo Gómez, Félix Martín Gutiérrez, Asunción López Varela, Margarita Ardanaz Moran o la actual directora de este proyecto, Esther Sánchez-Pardo, entre otros. Todos estimularon mi propensión imaginativa y mi amor por la literatura, cualidades que motivaron en primer lugar la realización de estos maravillosos estudios. Este momento nunca habría llegado sin el inestimable y reconfortante apoyo de mis directores, Esther Sánchez-Pardo y Julio Arce. Por un lado, Esther me apoyó desde le primer momento en el que le propuse la idea y defendió mi voluntad por imbricar disciplinas y dejarme explorar lugares diversos y algo obtusos. Cuando me surgieron dudas en medio de las dificultades laborales, ella siempre me animó y me hizo sentir capaz de superar este reto. Después, en el segundo año de la tutela de tesis, llegué a plantearme realizar el antiguo diploma de Estudios Musicales o Musicología para complementar esa otra fuerza de conocimiento que la investigación precisaba. No habiendo tomado forma este proyecto, por diversas razones personales, en cambio este acercamiento me facilitó conocer al Dr. Julio Arce Bueno que impartía, entre otras, la asignatura de Música Popular. Una vez le presenté la idea, hablamos del importante interés que tenía asociar las disciplinas de literatura y musicología en una tesis doctoral e intercambiamos títulos sobre el papel de la “performance” en el análisis de la forma primaria de estos textos. A los dos, gracias por entender mis escuetos pasos iniciales y por abrirme paso con confianza en este nuevo terreno de la investigación y el mundo académico. Ahora que miro hacia atrás para recuperar a las personas y sucesos que han tenido que ver de manera más o menos directa con el resultado de este trabajo, vuelven a mi cabeza numerosos recuerdos que mi mente pone en la raíz de este nuevo logro. Pienso en ellos con el convencimiento de que todos participaron en estas páginas, a su 4 manera, y esta revelación me hace sonreír al pasado con esa pícara ventaja que da el saber las cosas desde este lugar. Por otro lado, soy consciente de lo enrevesada que puede llegar a ser la memoria, comportándose siempre como un tablero de juego cuyas piezas están dispuestas frente a nosotros esperando a que les demos un nuevo sentido. Con ellas nuestra mente compone infinidad de interpretaciones para motivar una conclusión, para resolver un problema. Como la literatura, igual que el signo artístico, las piezas de nuestra memoria están siempre al servicio del entendimiento, pero jamás llegan a ser comprendidas del todo. Durante los momentos de reflexión, avivan su presencia, corren a explicarse como niños castigados y se ponen a la cola una a una reclamando más espacio, mi atención, un nombre. Por culpa de esa tendencia que describo, espero no tengáis en cuenta si olvidé mencionaros, o no escribí sobre aquel echo tan clave que sustituí, por el contrario, con algún otro asunto, a vuestro parecer, vagamente importante. Para empezar, y con el justo orden de una vida, debo agradecerles a mis padres, Mariví y Ramiro, su amor y sacrificio plenos. Entre los muchos valores que me han aportado a lo largo de mis estudios y carrera profesional, siempre viene a mi mente lo flexibles que han sido respecto a mi elecciòn profesional. Bajo el lema de, “haz lo que más te guste”, siempre me he sentido còmoda e involucrada en un proyecto estimulante. En lugar de ver los estudios como un trabajo afanoso y de “hincar codos” –como se decía por aquel entonces–, mis padres siempre me ayudaron a considerarlo como parte de un proceso a través del cual podría descubrir quién soy y las aficiones que hoy tanto me inspiran. Por supuesto, aspirar a hacer unos estudios superiores también se lo debo a su total entrega y a cómo convirtieron los estudios de sus hijas en uno de los motores de su propia vida. Mi hermana Elia siempre me ha ayudado a superar los momentos más duros y me ha animado a perseguir todo lo que me propusiera. De ella he aprendido a no olvidar los valores esenciales y a que ser bueno y humano es lo más importante y lo que verdaderamente deja huella. Por muy lejos que estuviéramos, tus abrazos y palabras siempre han sido muy sanadores, hermana. No sabes cuánto poder tienes en mi, aunque “poder” no sea la palabra más justa, ni tampoco la más bella. Es el amor, disfrazado de influencia, de confianza, parecido al de un perro por su amo: amor de perros, en definitiva, que, como sabemos, no quiere decir nada malo. Es más, es un amor 5 subestimado, a mi parecer, como me demostraron mis mascotas. Como me demostraste siempre, Atticus. Después debo mencionar a los amigos del colegio y a mi profesor Julián que creyó en mi y cuyas lecciones nunca he olvidado. Entre todos aquellos compañeros de clase y de fin de semana, destaco a las amigas a las que apasionaba el cine y la literatura, como a mí. Aquellas que escondían un libro debajo del pupitre mientras el profesor no miraba, como yo hacía. También debo agradecérselo a las vivencias con todos esos amigos con los que he viajado y descubierto cómo se vive en otras ciudades, a los que no veo desde hace mucho, pero que compartieron conmigo los compases de “Like A Rolling Stone” cuando por fin comprendíamos lo que era vivir por nosotros mismos, sin dirigirse a casa. Os agradezco haber formado parte de ese previo apasionamiento por las canciones de Bob Dylan que entonces compartimos con el desenfreno propio de nuestra edad. Al comienzo de esta tesis, ya con el proyecto en mente, conocí a gente muy importante en mi vida. De manera simbólica, estos años de investigación han sido también los años de cambio de una era a otra y el proyecto de tesis, por tanto, ha vinculado dos partes muy diferenciadas de mi vida. Creo que he disfrutado de estos cambios y que se han producido de manera justa y exitosa porque me ha dado la mano el mejor de los compañeros, Elías, con quien inicio un camino prometedor y de una enorme riqueza de espíritu. Creer en ambos, admirar nuestros orígenes y diferencias con respecto al otro son nuestras mayores fuerzas y espero de todo corazón que no nos abandonen nunca. Has defendido y defiendes mis aspiraciones artísticas y humanísticas y es encomiable que lo hagas en medio de este tumulto social y político en el que las artes y la cultura siguen sin jugar su justo papel. En una época en la que se nos hace creer que el dinero es el objetivo y el único aliado para lograr nuestros objetivos. Hemos aprendido y vivido juntos unos años de dificultades que nos han hecho apreciar más si cabe la importancia de los momentos, del tiempo vivido. Nada puede cambiarlos y nada puede comprarlos. Son momentos únicos porque los he vivido contigo. Estos años he conocido a gente muy importante en mi vida. Amigos que nunca se han retirado, que están muy presentes en cada nuevo paso y con los que viví momentos que mi mente nunca deja de repetir y repetir como una canción sublime y fantástica. Rémi, que es un aliado imprescindible en el arte y la vida y quien me ha contagiado su extraordinaria manera de ver el mundo; Margaret, que me acogió como una hermana al otro lado del océano; Carmen, siempre con su cariño y apoyo haga lo 6 que haga y Jeff, que me regalò mi ejemplar de “Tarántula” y no dudó en acceder a ayudarme. No sois muchos, pero valéis por muchos. Como la que ya es mi segunda familia, Carmen, Miguel, Jamila, Nadia, Pani, Miguel y todos mis sobrinos, que encienden una chispa de otro mundo en medio de la rutina de los días: Alonso, Alejandro, Carmen y Mai.
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