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Building a Peace Belt in the South-North Korean Border Region

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Building a Peace Belt in the South-North Korean Border Region 2. AN OUTLINE OF THE KOREAN HOUSING MARKET Building a Peace Belt in the South-North Korean Border Region KRIHS SPECIAL REPORTS 2006 Young-Bong Kim Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements Copyright 2006 Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements All rights reserved. Printed in the Republic of Korea. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any manner without written permission from KRIHS except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For more information, please address inquiries to: Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, 1591-6, Gwanyang- dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 431-712, Korea. Anyang : Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, 2006 p.cm Includes bibliographical references ISBN 89-8182-405-3 Building a Peace Belt in the South-North Korean Border Region FOREWORD The world has entered the era of cross-border interactions and cooperation as globalization and trade liberalization accelerate. On the other hand, with regional economic blocs increasingly formulated, far fiercer competition is expected around the world. Within the Northeast Asian region that surrounds the Korean peninsula, exchanges of people and goods are growing with the rapid economic growth of China, stable and booming economy of Russia and the North Korea’s move to open up its market. The relationship between South and North Korea has been unstable with interactions and confrontations, cooperations and break-offs alternating over the past half a century. However, the South-North Korea Summit in June 2000, and the following June 15th Joint Declaration brought the relations back to a track of cooperation, and there has been more active exchanges and cooperation between the two countries in recent years both at the citizens’ and government levels. In particular, there has been a substantial progress in the exchanges as shown in such examples as the cooperative projects of the Mt. Geumgang Tourism Development and Gaesung Industrial Complex going on in the heavily fortified border area, the rail link between Gyeongui Line and Donghae Line, and the installation of a meeting place in Mt. Geumgang. Recently, the tension on the Korean peninsula has increased as the six-party talks for a peaceful settlement of the North Korean nuclear issue has been in a deadlock. However, the official channel for the dialogue between the two Koreas remains open, and the government’s efforts for a better relationship are gradually rewarded. The exchanges and cooperation in the private sector are also expanding. In this context, people’s interest in a peaceful use of and exchanges in the heavily fortified border area is growing. In particular, their expectations are high of using the area as a place for exchanges and cooperation which will contribute to an improved relationship between South and North Korea, and peace settlement on the Korean peninsula. I expect this study will contribute to the activation of the exchanges between South and North Korea and tension alleviation on the Korean peninsula through the research on the Peace Belt construction in the border area. I sincerely hope that based on this and other efforts, the inter-Korean relationships further improve and peace settles on the Korean peninsula. Byung-Sun Choe President Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements Building a Peace Belt in the South-North Korean Border Region Contents 3 Foreword 7 Summary 8 1. Research Outline 8 1) Background 9 2) Purpose of the research 10 2. Need for Building a Peace Belt 10 1) Concept of the Peace Belt 11 2) Expected role of the Peace Belt 14 3) Status of the Peace Belt 18 3. Conditions of the Border Region for Building a Peace Belt 18 1) General Conditions of the Border Region 19 2) Potentials and Conditions for Exchanges and Cooperation 22 4. Cooperation Zone and Projects Selection for a Peace Belt 22 1) Basic Directions 23 2) Cooperation Zone Selection 26 3) Cooperation Projects Selection 29 5. Plans for Building and Institutionally Supporting a Peace Belt 29 1) Establishment of the Promotion Stages 30 2) Promotion Plans for Each Stage 32 3) Promotion Plans for Each Project 48 4) Plans for Systematic Support 51 6. Conclusions 52 References Building a Peace Belt in the South-North Korean Border Region Summary This study aims to suggest concrete measures to be taken for the cooperation between South and North Korea in their border region through Peace Belt establishment. The need and feasibility of building a Peace Belt in the border region, including the Demilitarized Zone, is examined in the paper. An integrated cooperation plan is suggested for developing the border region such as plans for cooperatively using the resources, conserving the natural environment, and designating and developing the Cooperation Zones. Other cooperative projects included in the plan are traffic network connection, natural disaster prevention, and excavation and restoration of the cultural and historic heritages in the region. Through the careful and thorough examination on the potential Peace Belt in the border region, the study is expected to contribute to the appropriate and rational utilization of the national territory and the settlement of peace on the Korean peninsula, with the belt laying a strengthened foundation for inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation. Keywords: DMZ, MDL, Cooperation Zone, Peace Belt, cooperation project 117 1. Research Outline 1) Background The South-North Joint Declaration adopted in June 2000 through a historic summit conference between South and North Korea not only eased the tension but also advanced the limited exchanges between the two nations run by the private sector into the extensive ones which receive active support from their governments, and opened up a new era of reconciliation and cooperation between the two nations.1) Although cooperation for the South-North exchanges has encountered difficulty in its promotion due to domestic and international influences such as the nuclear issue, the main flow for the reconciliation and cooperation between the South and North has continued. In particular, progress of the exchanges and cooperation project in the bor- der region, in which the fiercest battle took place during the Korean War and a large scale of the armed forces of South and North Korea confront each other after the truce, is epochal and encouraging. Moreover, a series of events which took place in the bor- der area between the two countries, such as commencement of the Mt. Geumgang overland tour, construction of the Gaeseong Industrial Complex, and re-connection of the severed traffic network in the demilitarized zone (DMZ), brighten the prospects for the exchanges and cooperation project between the South and North. The border part is a military operation zone for the armies of both sides and an area which has received very limited development in terms of land use. On the other hand, considering the centrality and high development potential, the region can be regarded as an area which requires systematic preparation for the joint land use by South and North Korea and the natural environmental conservation, for the exchanges and cooperation project to be carried out in the region. Therefore, consider- ing that the South and North exchanges and cooperation can be actively promoted in the region from now on, an institutional research is required which can indicate the rudimentary and overall direction to possible projects which South and North Korea promote collaboratively in the region. The principles of the Fourth Comprehensive National Territorial Plan of Korea (2000-2020) which has been implemented to achieve the comprehensive national terri- tory in the 21st century are the integration among different regions, between the two 1) The historic South-North Korea Summit was held on June 15, 2000 in Pyungyang, North Korea. Then President of South Korea Daejung Kim and Jungil Kim, leader of North Korea adopted the June 15 Joint Declaration here. 128 1. Research Outline divided states, and with the Northeast Asian region. Especially in ‘the comprehensive management and establishment of a Peace Belt in the border region’, stated as a detailed article, comprehensive management and establishment of the “Peace Belt” on the Korean peninsula, in the short and mid term, are promoted for the border place in order to keep development, conservation and security in harmony. Thus, we should be ready for utilizing the border region in order to keep peace between South and North Korea by institutionally preparing for the expansion and progress of the exchanges and cooperation between the two nations through practical and concrete research. In addition, as the plan for building a foundation for unification in the border region is systematically established with the enactment of the Border Area Support Act (January 21, 2000), it is urgent to conduct a survey by region and sector on devel- opment and promotion of the joint project in the border region and develop a plan to utilize the region, in order to systematically implement the plan. Above all, plans for cooperation between South and North Korea for conservation of the valuable eco-sys- tem in the DMZ and surrounding border region and comprehensive countermeasures for the issue should be established in preference. 2) Purpose of the research This research intends to establish a foundation for exchanges and cooperation between South and North Korea and a plan for peace and harmony through the joint land use and environmental conservation in the border region between the two nations, in order to take a stage further the exchanges and cooperation which have been carried out so far. To achieve the purpose, this research, first of all, intends to develop a conceptual framework which can establish and support a peaceful usage condition through the expansion of the cooperation projects in the border region. These follow the Mt. Geumgang tourism development project, Gyeong-ui and Dong- hae railway and road connection project, and so on.
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