DOCSLIB.ORG

Common Tracks and Scat Found at White Sands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

National Park Service White Sands Department of the Interior White Sands National Monument Common Tracks and Scat Found at White Sands ild animals are shy and try to avoid us. Most animals in the desert are Wnocturnal. During the day you can see evidence of these animals from the tracks they leave behind in the sand. Tracks, which tell the stories of night activity in the dunes, are awaiting your discovery! If you do encounter an animal, make sure you respect its space and do not try to feed it. The images and tracks below are not to scale, but they will help you identify animal signs you might find in the dunefield. The length of the buck moth caterpillar on a cottonwood tree, which is their can vary from one to four inches. In the preferred food source. Once they monument, spring is the best time to see cocoon, they turn into the Nevada buck them because that is when they hatch. moth, which is black, white, and red in The best place to find this caterpillar is coloration. Nevada Buck Moth Caterpillar tracks Hemileuca nevadensis The darkling beetle, also known as the spray, which smells like kerosene. Being stinkbug, can be found anywhere in dark in color, the beetle is very easy the monument and is most prevalent in to spot on the white sand. The dark the summer months. The length of the color of the body acts as a sunscreen, beetle can be over one inch. The name protecting the beetle from the stinkbug comes from their defensive damaging rays of the sun. Darkling Beetle Eleodes obcurus sulcipennis tracks The bleached earless lizard can range lizard enjoys eating insects, spiders, and in length from four to six inches, with small plants that are abundant at White a width of half an inch. Lizard tracks Sands. The white coloration of the can be distinguished from others by the lizard is an adaptation to camouflage tail track between the footprints. This with the white sand. Bleached Earless Lizard Holbrookia maculata ruthveni or Lesser Earless Lizard tracks The horned lark’s height is around in a line. The length of one print can be seven inches. Their preferred foods are up to one and a half inches. The lark is seeds and insects. While a year-round a ground nester. The name horned lark resident in the monument, they are most refers to feather tufts at the top of the prevalent when wildflowers are in bloom. head, which look like two horns. The horned lark prefers to run rather than hop, so its tracks are continuous and Horned Lark Eromophila alpestris tracks To learn more about White Sands, visit http://www.nps.gov/whsa The greater roadrunner can get up to back toes in addition to the 23 inches tall and run up to 18 mph. two front ones. The length of one The roadrunner likes to eat snakes and print is three inches. Look for lizards but will also eat scorpions and roadrunners near the visitor center spiders. Its tracks are always in the shape where there is a lot of vegetation. of an X because the roadrunner has two Greater Roadrunner Geococcyx californianus tracks Fur-lined inner cheek pouches earned efficient use of water. The total length the Apache pocket mouse its name. of a pocket mouse varies from four to Their diet consists of seeds found in the seven inches with a tail length from two interdunal areas, and they never drink to three inches. The length of their back water. They get all the water they need feet is about one and a half inches with from the seeds they eat. Their scat is rice their front foot being much smaller. shaped and crystal-like because of their Apache Pocket Mouse Perognathus flavescens Apachii scat tracks The kangaroo rat gets its name because The total length of the kangaroo rat of its large hind legs. If scared, it can is about 13 inches with a tail length of jump up to 10 feet high. Just like the eight inches. The tracks are very similar Apache pocket mouse, they get all the to the Apache pocket mouse in size, but water they need from the seeds they eat, the kangaroo rat will rest its tail when so the scat is the same shape and texture. still, leaving a tail imprint. Kangaroo Rat Dipodomys spectabilis scat tracks Having a white fluffy tail, the cottontail no bigger than a domesticated rabbit. is aptly named. Their diet is strictly Their front foot track can be one to vegetarian. They only eat grasses, fruits, one and a half inches long and the back and leaves. The scat is round and about foot can be three to three and a half half an inch long. At 15 inches tall with a inches long. Cottontails, like many other tail length of about two inches and ears mammals, can only be seen in the highly up to three inches long, the cottontail is vegetated areas of the park. Desert Cottontail Sylvilagus audobonii scat tracks The kit fox can be up to 30 inches of a kit fox are very hard to distinguish long. Average weight is three to six from dog tracks in the monument. The pounds, similar to a Chihuahua. Their length of one footprint is one to one diet consists of kangaroo rats, desert and a half inches. A good distinguishing cottontails, and Apache pocket mice. mark is that there will be claw marks Their scat can have fur in it, which will with the print of a kit fox. leave it pointed on the ends. The tracks Kit Fox Vulpes macrotis scat tracks A coyote’s diet can range from garbage The length of the back footprint can to big game animals like elk and deer. range from two and a half to three Their scat is pointed at the ends just inches, with the front foot being slightly like the kit fox because they consume smaller. They live in the edges of the animals with fur. The scat can also have monument and eat smaller mammals seeds. The coyote can range in size from like the Apache pocket mouse and 15 to 45 pounds. The tracks of a coyote kangaroo rat. Coyote are difficult to tell apart from dog tracks. Canis latrans scat tracks Revised 06/25/2015.
Recommended publications
  • The Biology and Distribution of California Hemileucinae (Saturniidae)

    The Biology and Distribution of California Hemileucinae (Saturniidae)

    Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 38(4), 1984,281-309 THE BIOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF CALIFORNIA HEMILEUCINAE (SATURNIIDAE) PAUL M. TUSKES 7900 Cambridge 141G, Houston, Texas 77054 ABSTRACT. The distribution, biology, and larval host plants for the 14 species and subspecies of California Hemileucinae are discussed in detail. In addition, the immature stages of Hemileuca neumogeni and Coloradia velda are described for the first time. The relationships among the Hemileuca are examined with respect to six species groups, based on adult and larval characters, host plant relationships and pheromone interactions. The tricolor, eglanterina, and nevadensis groups are more distinctive than the electra, burnsi, or diana groups, but all are closely related. Species groups are used to exemplify evolutionary trends within this large but cohesive genus. The saturniid fauna of the western United States is dominated by moths of the tribe Hemileucinae. Three genera in this tribe commonly occur north of Mexico: Hemileuca, Coloradia, and Automeris. Al­ though no Automeris are native to California about 50% of the Hemi­ leuca and Coloradia species in the United States occur in the state. The absence of Automeris and other species from California is due to the state's effective isolation from southern Arizona and mainland Mex­ ico by harsh mountains, deserts, the Gulf of California, and climatic differences. The Hemileuca of northern Arizona, Nevada, and Utah are very similar to that of California, while those of Oregon, Washing­ ton, and Idaho represent subsets of the northern California fauna. The majority of the saturniid species in the United States have had little or no impact on man, but some Hemileucinae have been of eco­ nomic importance.
  • Roadrunner Fact Sheet

    Roadrunner Fact Sheet

    Roadrunner Fact Sheet Common Name: Roadrunner Scientific Name: Geococcyx Californianus & Geococcyx Velox Wild Status: Not Threatened Habitat: Arid dessert and shrub Country: United States, Mexico, and Central America Shelter: These birds nest 1-3 meters off the ground in low trees, shrubs, or cactus Life Span: 8 years Size: 2 feet in length; 8-15 ounces Details The genus Geococcyx consists of two species of bird: the greater roadrunner and the lesser roadrunner. They live in the arid climates of Southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America. Though these birds can fly, they spend most of their time running from shrub to shrub. Roadrunners spend the entirety of their day hunting prey and dodging predators. It's a tough life out there in the wild! These birds eat insects, small reptiles and mammals, arachnids, snails, other birds, eggs, fruit, and seeds. One thing that these birds do not have to worry about is drinking water. They intake enough moisture through their diet and are able to secrete any excess salt build-up through glands in their eyes. This adaptation is common in sea birds as their main source of hydration is the ocean. The fact that roadrunners have adapted this trait as well goes to show how well they are suited for their environment. A roadrunner will mate for life and will travel in pairs, guarding their territory from other roadrunners. When taking care of the nest, both male and female take turns incubating eggs and caring for their young. The young will leave the nest after a couple weeks and will then learn foraging techniques for a few days until they are left to fend for themselves.
  • Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs

    Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs

    INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
  • Integrated Management Guidelines for Four Habitats and Associated

    Integrated Management Guidelines for Four Habitats and Associated

    Integrated Management Guidelines for Four Habitats and Associated State Endangered Plants and Wildlife Species of Greatest Conservation Need in the Skylands and Pinelands Landscape Conservation Zones of the New Jersey State Wildlife Action Plan Prepared by Elizabeth A. Johnson Center for Biodiversity and Conservation American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York, NY 10024 and Kathleen Strakosch Walz New Jersey Natural Heritage Program New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection State Forestry Services Office of Natural Lands Management 501 East State Street, 4th Floor MC501-04, PO Box 420 Trenton, NJ 08625-0420 For NatureServe 4600 N. Fairfax Drive – 7th Floor Arlington, VA 22203 Project #DDF-0F-001a Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (Plants) June 2013 NatureServe # DDCF-0F-001a Integrated Management Plans for Four Habitats in NJ SWAP Page | 1 Acknowledgments: Many thanks to the following for sharing their expertise to review and discuss portions of this report: Allen Barlow, John Bunnell, Bob Cartica, Dave Jenkins, Sharon Petzinger, Dale Schweitzer, David Snyder, Mick Valent, Sharon Wander, Wade Wander, Andy Windisch, and Brian Zarate. This report should be cited as follows: Johnson, Elizabeth A. and Kathleen Strakosch Walz. 2013. Integrated Management Guidelines for Four Habitats and Associated State Endangered Plants and Wildlife Species of Greatest Conservation Need in the Skylands and Pinelands Landscape Conservation Zones of the New Jersey State Wildlife Action Plan. American Museum of Natural History, Center for Biodiversity and Conservation and New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Natural Heritage Program, for NatureServe, Arlington, VA. 149p. NatureServe # DDCF-0F-001a Integrated Management Plans for Four Habitats in NJ SWAP Page | 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Project Summary………………………………………………………………………………………..….
  • Spring 2009 RURAL LIVING in ARIZONA Volume 3, Number 2

    Spring 2009 RURAL LIVING in ARIZONA Volume 3, Number 2

    ARIZONA COOPERATIVE E TENSION THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCES Backyards& Beyond Spring 2009 RURAL LIVING IN ARIZONA Volume 3, Number 2 Spring 2009 1 Common Name: Globemallow Scientific Name: Sphaeralcea spp. Globemallow is a common native wildflower found throughout most of Arizona. There are 16 species (and several varieties) occurring in the state, the majority of which are perennials. They are found between 1,000 and 6,000 feet in elevation and grow on a variety of soil types. Depending on the species, globemallows are either herbaceous or slightly woody at the base of the plant and grow between 2-3 feet in height (annual species may only grow to 6 inches). The leaves are three-lobed, and while the shape varies by species, they are similar enough to help identify the plant as a globemallow. The leaves have star-shaped hairs that give the foliage a gray-green color. Flower color Plant Susan Pater varies from apricot (the most common) to red, pink, lavender, pale yellow and white. Many of the globemallows flower in spring and again in summer. Another common name for globemallow is sore-eye poppy (mal de ojos in Spanish), from claims that the plant irritates the eyes. In southern California globemallows are known as plantas muy malas, translated to mean very bad plants. Ironically, the Pima Indian name for globemallow means a cure for sore eyes. The Hopi Indians used the plant for healing certain ailments and the stems as a type of chewing gum, and call the plant kopona.
  • Arizona's Raptor Experience, LLC June 2019 ~Newsletter~

    Arizona's Raptor Experience, LLC June 2019 ~Newsletter~

    Arizona’s Raptor Experience, LLC June 2019 ~Newsletter~ Greetings from Chino Valley! We hope you are well and staying cool in the summer heat. It’s baby bird season and we’ve had lots of excitement around the house. A pair of Say’s Phoebes nested under the eaves of our porch giving us a front row seat for watching them bring an endless number of insects to their two young all day long, every day! House Finches are nesting in the rafters of the bird mews and the Gambel’s Quail have started showing up on the hill with the first hatchlings of the season. This morning a day-old quail chick was separated from its mother and ended up on the back porch. All we could do was catch the little guy and put it up on the hill with the hopes it would find its mother. This experience reminded me of the many perils faced by baby birds, even before they hatch. This newsletter will focus on one of those perils…the threat of carnivorous birds. We hope you enjoy it! Young American Kestrel recently banded then returned to a nest box we put up as a part of the American Kestrel Partnership. Birds of Prey…or are they? Not all carnivorous birds are built the same. To be classified as a bird of prey, or raptor, a bird must have powerful feet with talons for holding and killing prey and a hooked beak for killing prey and tearing/eating flesh. All birds of prey are considered carnivorous, or meat eaters, and they can be placed into categories based on the type of meat: Piscivores: fish eating (ex: Bald Eagles, Osprey) Insectivores: insect eating (ex: Swainson’s Hawks, American Kestrels) Greater Roadrunner Avivores: bird eating (ex: Cooper’s P.Schnell photo Hawk, Peregrine Falcon) Scavengers: carrion eating (old world vultures – still classified as raptors) However, many birds that are meat-eaters are not raptors.
  • Genetic Criteria for Establishing Evolutionarily Significant Units in Cryan's Bucktooth

    Genetic Criteria for Establishing Evolutionarily Significant Units in Cryan's Bucktooth

    Genetic Criteria for Establishing Evolutionarily Significant Units in Cryan's Bucktooth JOHN T. LEGGE,*II RICHARD ROUSH,*¶ ROB DESALLE,t ALFRIED P. VOGLER, t~: AND BERNIE MAYg *Department of Entomology, Comstock Hail, Corner University, Ithaca, NY 14853, lJ S.A. t Department of Entomology, American Museum of NaturalHistory, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, U.S.A. § Genome Variation Analysis Facility, Department of Natural Resources, Comer University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A'. Abstract: Buckmoths (Hemileuca spp.) are day-flying saturniid moths with diverse ecologies and host plants. Populations that feed on Menyanthes trifoliata, known commonly as Cryan's buckmoths, have been found in only a few bogs and fens near eastern Lake Ontario in New York and near Ottawa in Ontario, Canada. Be- cause of their unique ecological traits, geographic isolation from other Hemileuca populations, and the small number of sites they occupy, there ts concern that the Cryan's buckmoth populations are phylogenetically dis- tinct and should be protected. The Cryan's buckmoths have not yet been taxonomically described and do not appear to have clear distinguishing morphological characters. Both molecular genetic traits (allozymes and mitochondrial DNA sequences) and an ecologically based character (host performance) were investigated to determine whether these populations possess fixed diagnostic characters signifying genetic differentiation from other eastern Hemileuca populations. Such differences would merit separate conservation management as an evolutionarily significant unit. Our studies showed that the Cryan's buckmoths clearly belong to the Hemileuca maia species group, but they could not be readily distinguished from other members of that group by means of molecular genetic techniques.
  • Birds of the Ironwood Forest Sharp-Shinned Hawk

    Birds of the Ironwood Forest Sharp-Shinned Hawk

    Birds of the Ironwood Forest Sharp-shinned Hawk • Long tailed hawks with rounded wings • Females are substan5ally larger than males • Generally found in dense forest areas • During migraon they are usually seen in open habitats along ridgelines. • Known to have dis5nc5ve flap and gluide flight paerns White-throated Swi • One of the fastest birds in North America • Commonly found in canyons, foothills, and mountains in the SW • Highly social birds, known to roost in groups of hundreds • Nest in large cavi5es in cliffs and large rocks Rufous-winged Sparrow • Only found in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona and Mexico • It depends on the summer monsoons to begin nes5ng • They typically nest in shrubs • They stay bonded for life and remain in the same area year-round Back-throated Sparrow • Commonly found in open, shrubby deserts • The males hold a large territory when nes5ng first begins • Males are known to sin from high perches while the females build the nests • During the winter the birds primarily eat seeds while in the summer switching mostly to insects Verdin • Known to be very vocal and conspicuous • A small yellow and grey songbird • The Verdin builds two separate nests, one for breeding and another for roos5ng • They consistently build nests year round • The roos5ng nests are much thicker intended for insulaon during the winter • Commonly found in thorny shrub Great Horned Owl • Most commonly found in forests but can also be spo@ed in a variety of habitats • Fierce predators that will eat large mammals to small rodents and amphibians • Their
  • Gila Monster Saguaro Cactus Roadrunner Coyote Elf Owl Mule

    Gila Monster Saguaro Cactus Roadrunner Coyote Elf Owl Mule

    Gila Monster Saguaro Cactus Roadrunner Coyote Elf Owl Mule Deer Javelina Desert Tortoise Ocotillo Tarantula Bobcat Cholla Cactus Desert Toad Jackrabbit Prickly Pear Cactus Rattlesnake http:thefilesofmrse.com Bobcat Rattlesnake Desert Toad Tarantula Jackrabbit Cholla Cactus Ocotillo Gila Monster Prickly Pear Cactus Elf Owl Saguaro Cactus Mule Deer Coyote Javelina Desert Tortoise Roadrunner http:thefilesofmrse.com Saguaro Cactus Coyote Jackrabbit Javelina Desert Tortoise Ocotillo Elf Owl Rattlesnake Bobcat Cholla Cactus Prickly Pear Cactus Desert Toad Mule Deer Roadrunner Gila Monster Tarantula http:thefilesofmrse.com Desert Toad Desert Tortoise Saguaro Cactus Bobcat Jackrabbit Mule Deer Cholla Cactus Gila Monster Prickly Pear Cactus Elf Owl Tarantula Javelina Coyote Rattlesnake Roadrunner Ocotillo http:thefilesofmrse.com Javelina Gila Monster Roadrunner Ocotillo Rattlesnake Bobcat Prickly Pear Cactus Elf Owl Saguaro Cactus Tarantula Coyote Jackrabbit Desert Toad Desert Tortoise Mule Deer Cholla Cactus http:thefilesofmrse.com Jackrabbit Prickly Pear Cactus Rattlesnake Desert Tortoise Desert Toad Coyote Ocotillo Gila Monster Cholla Cactus Mule Deer Bobcat Javelina Roadrunner Tarantula Saguaro Cactus Elf Owl http:thefilesofmrse.com Coyote Mule Deer Desert Toad Saguaro Cactus Desert Tortoise Prickly Pear Cactus Gila Monster Roadrunner Javelina Elf Owl Tarantula Ocotillo Rattlesnake Jackrabbit Cholla Cactus Bobcat http:thefilesofmrse.com Tarantula Elf Owl Javelina Prickly Pear Cactus Desert Tortoise Saguaro Cactus Gila Monster Rattlesnake Bobcat
  • Memorial Text for SJM042

    Memorial Text for SJM042

    1 A JOINT MEMORIAL 2 DECLARING MARCH 16, 2009 THE "DAY OF THE ROADRUNNER" AT THE 3 LEGISLATURE TO RECOGNIZE THE SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE 4 ADOPTION OF THE ROADRUNNER AS NEW MEXICO'S STATE BIRD AND TO 5 HONOR AND CELEBRATE THE ROADRUNNER. 6 7 WHEREAS, the roadrunner, or chaparral, is New Mexico's 8 state bird; and 9 WHEREAS, the roadrunner was adopted as the state bird on 10 March 16, 1949; and 11 WHEREAS, the roadrunner darts, dashes and roams 12 throughout the state with the exception of the Four Corners 13 area; and 14 WHEREAS, the image of the roadrunner with its 15 distinctive head crest, thick beak, long legs and exaggerated 16 tail has become an icon for all New Mexicans; and 17 WHEREAS, the colors of the roadrunner are said to 18 reflect the colors of the desert; and 19 WHEREAS, the land-loving bird can run at speeds of up to 20 fifteen miles per hour and often sprints rather than flying; 21 and 22 WHEREAS, the roadrunner is an opportunistic omnivore, 23 living on insects; small reptiles, including lizards and 24 snakes; rodents and small mammals; tarantulas; scorpions; 25 centipedes; spiders; small birds, eggs and nestlings; and SJM 42 Page 1 1 fruits and seeds, such as prickly pear cactus and sumac; and 2 WHEREAS, the roadrunner is the only known predator of 3 the tarantula hawk wasp; and 4 WHEREAS, the roadrunner, which may have a wingspan of up 5 to three feet wide, lowers its body temperature during cold 6 desert nights, going into a slight torpor to conserve energy; 7 and 8 WHEREAS, the roadrunner warms itself during the
  • 1 Modern Threats to the Lepidoptera Fauna in The

    1 Modern Threats to the Lepidoptera Fauna in The

    MODERN THREATS TO THE LEPIDOPTERA FAUNA IN THE FLORIDA ECOSYSTEM By THOMSON PARIS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 2011 Thomson Paris 2 To my mother and father who helped foster my love for butterflies 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I thank my family who have provided advice, support, and encouragement throughout this project. I especially thank my sister and brother for helping to feed and label larvae throughout the summer. Second, I thank Hillary Burgess and Fairchild Tropical Gardens, Dr. Jonathan Crane and the University of Florida Tropical Research and Education center Homestead, FL, Elizabeth Golden and Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park, Leroy Rogers and South Florida Water Management, Marshall and Keith at Mack’s Fish Camp, Susan Casey and Casey’s Corner Nursery, and Michael and EWM Realtors Inc. for giving me access to collect larvae on their land and for their advice and assistance. Third, I thank Ryan Fessendon and Lary Reeves for helping to locate sites to collect larvae and for assisting me to collect larvae. I thank Dr. Marc Minno, Dr. Roxanne Connely, Dr. Charles Covell, Dr. Jaret Daniels for sharing their knowledge, advice, and ideas concerning this project. Fourth, I thank my committee, which included Drs. Thomas Emmel and James Nation, who provided guidance and encouragement throughout my project. Finally, I am grateful to the Chair of my committee and my major advisor, Dr. Andrei Sourakov, for his invaluable counsel, and for serving as a model of excellence of what it means to be a scientist.
  • Ozaukee County Fish and Wildlife Habitat Decision Support Tool

    Ozaukee County Fish and Wildlife Habitat Decision Support Tool

    Enhancing Ecological Productivity of Milwaukee Estuary Area of Concern Watersheds: Ozaukee County Fish and Wildlife Habitat Decision Support Tool Wisconsin Coastal Management Program Grant 012.09 C2 NA11NOS4190097 USEPA GLRI Grant # GL00E00608-0 Ozaukee County – Planning and Parks Department 121 West Main Street, PO Box 994, Port Washington, WI 53074 Authors: Andrew T. Struck, Matt Aho, Thomas J. Dueppen, Ryan McCone, Luke Roffler, Beth Stuhr (Ozaukee County – Planning and Parks Department) Gary S. Casper (Great Lakes Ecological Services, LLC) Thomas W. Bernthal, Christopher J. Smith, Joanne Kline (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources) March 25, 2016 1 | Page Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Why Wildlife? ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Species Checklists ................................................................................................................................ 10 Constraints .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Focal Species Concept ........................................................................................................................