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Yu^Ypthfppsdp/L N Western Electric °<pAA >/o \iulkin- Patent Licensing Guilford Center P. 0. Box 25000 Yu^YpthFppsdP/l N. C. 27420 919 697-2000 Cable: TWX 5109251 176 W&- dam* Aft i 1979 MR. STEVE WALKER s ARPA 1400 Wilson Blvd. Arlington, Virginia 22210 Dear Mr. Walker: In view of your previous interest in Bell System Software, I am pleased to inform you that two new versions of the popular Bell Lab's UNIX* Time Sharing Operating System developed for our own use are now available under license from Western Electric. The UNIX Time Sharing System, Seventh Edition, developed for use on the DEC PDPII/45 and PDP 11/70, implements a number of new utilities and also contains features which more easily allow its implementation on other manufacturers computers. U The UNIX/32V Time Sharing System, Version 1.0 is a version I of the Seventh Edition of the UNIX System adapted for the I L new DEC VAX 11/780 in native mode. We are featuring these new systems and the PWB/UNIX System at a demon- stration and seminar on June 6, 1979 in New York City at the Lowes Summit Hotel beginning at 9:00 A.M. If you are interested in attending this seminar, please complete and return the enclosed post card or call me on 919-697-2861. For your information, I have enclosed an information package on the new UNIX Systems. Thank you for your interest in Bell System Software. Patent Licensing Manager i jRECEffVE© *UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories. APR 3 0 1979 LM. 1-LlUi-HDnU.; Greensboro, UNIX V32 - Summary February 12, 1979 Bell Laboratories Holmdel, New Jersey 07733 A. What's new: highlights of the UNIXf V32 System 32-bit v-orld. UNIX V32 handles 32-bit addresses and 32-bit data. Devices are addressable to 30 231 bytes, files to 2 bytes. Portability. Code of the operating system and most utilities has been extensively revised to minimize its dependence on particular hardware. UNIX V32 is highly compatible with UNIX version 7. Fortran 77. F77 compiler for the new standard language is compatible with C at the object level. A Fortran structurer, STRUCT, converts old, ugly Fortran into RATFOR, a structured dialect usable with F77. Shell. Completely new SH program supports string variables, trap handling, structured pro- gramming, user profiles, settable search path, multilevel file name generation, etc. Document preparation. TROFF phototypesetter utility is standard. NROFF (for terminals) is now highly compatible with TROFF. MS macro package provides canned commands for many common formatting and layout situations. TBL provides an easy to learn language for prepar- ing complicated tabular material. REFER fills in bibliographic citations from a data base. UNIX-to-UNIX file copy. UUCP performs spooled file transfers between any two machines. Data processing. SED stream editor does multiple editing functions in parallel on a data stream of indefinite length. AWK report generator does free-field pattern selection and arith- metic operations. Program development. MAKE controls re-creation of complicated software, arranging for minimal recompilation. Debugging. ADB does postmortem and breakpoint debugging. C language. The language now supports definable data types, generalized initialization, block structure, long integers, unions, explicit type conversions. The LINT verifier does strong type checking and detection of probable errors and portability problems even across separately com- piled functions. Lexical analyzer generator. LEX converts specification of regular expressions and semantic actions into a recognizing subroutine. Analogous to YACC. Graphics. Simple graph-drawing utility, graphic subroutines, and generalized plotting filters adapted to various devices are now standard. Standard input-output package. Highly efficient buffered stream I/O is integrated with format- ted input and output. Other. The operating system and utilities have been enhanced and freed of restrictions in many other ways too numerous to relate. t UNIX is a Trademark of Bcli Laboratories. 2 B. Hardware The UNIX V32 operating system runs on a DEC VAX-1 1/780* with at least the following equipment: memory: 256K bytes or more, disk: RPO6 or equivalent. tape: any 9-track MASSBUS-compatible tape drive. The following equipment is strongly recommended: communications controller such as DZI I or DLI I full duplex 96-character ASCII terminals. extra disk for system backup. The system is normally distributed on 9-track tape. The minimum memory and disk space specified is enough to run and maintain UNIX V32. and to keep all source on line. More memory will be needed to handle a large number of users, big data bases, diversified comple- ments of devices, or large programs. The resident code occupies 40-55K bytes depending on configuration; system data also occupies 30-55K bytes. C. Software Most of the programs available as UNIX V32 commands are listed. Source code and printed manuals are distributed for all of the listed software except games. Almost all of the code is written in C. Commands are self-contained and do not require extra setup information, unless specifically noted as "interactive. " Interactive programs can be made to run from a prepared script simply by redirecting input. Most programs intended for interactive use (e.g., the editor) allow for an escape to command level (the Shell). Most file processing commands can also go from standard input to standard output ("filters"). The piping facility of the Shell may be used to connect such filters directly to the input or output of other programs. 1. Basic Software This includes the time-sharing operating system with utilities, and a compiler for the pro- gramming language C —enough software to write and run new applications and to maintain or modify UNIX V32 itself. 1.1. Operating System □ UNIX The basic resident code on which everything else depends. Supports the system calls, and maintains the file system. A general description of UNIX design phi- losophy and system facilities appeared in the Communications of the ACM, July, 1974. A more extensive survey is in the Bell System Technical Journal for July-August 1978. Capabilities include: O Reentrant code for user processes. O "Group" access permissions for cooperative projects, with overlapping memberships. O Alarm-clock timeouts. O Timer-interrupt sampling and interprocess monitoring for debugging and measurement. O Multiplexed I/O for machine-to-machine communication D DEVICES All I/O is logically synchronous. I/O devices are simply files in the file system. Normally, invisible buffering makes all physical record structure and device characteristics transparent and exploits the hardware's ability to do overlapped I/O. Unbuffered physical record I/O is available for unusual applications. "VAX is a Trademark of Digiial Equipment Corporation. 3 Drivers for these devices are available: O Asynchronous interfaces: DZII, DLII. Support for most common ASCII terminals. O Automatic calling unit interface: DNII O Printer/plotter: Versatck. O Magnetic tape: TEI6. OPack type disk: RPO6; minimum-latency seek scheduling. O Physical memory of VAX-11, or mapped memory in resident system. ONull device. ORecipies are supplied to aid the construction of drivers for: Asynchronous interface: DHI I. Synchronous interface: D/11. DECtaperTCll. v Fixed head disk: RSI 1, RSO3 and RSO4. Cartridge-type disk: RKOS. Phototypesetter: Graphic Systems System/1 through DRIIC. D BOOT Procedures to get UNIX V32 started. 1.2. User Access Control □ LOGIN Sign on as a new user. O Verify password and establish user's individual and group (project) identity. O Adapt to characteristics of terminal. O Establish working directory. O Announce presence of mail (from MAIL). O Publish message of the day. O Execute user-specified profile. O Start command interpreter or other initial program □ PASSWD Change a password. OUser can change his own password. O Passwords are kept encrypted for security. D NEWGRP Change working group (project). Protects against unauthorized changes to pro- jects. 1.3. Terminal Handling D TABS Set tab stops appropriately for specified terminal type. □ STTY Set up options for optimal control of a terminal. In so far as they are deducible from the input, these options are set automaticallyby LOGIN. O Half vs. full duplex. OCarriage return + line feed vs. newline O Interpretation of tabs. O Parity. O Mapping of upper case to lower. ORaw vs. edited input. O Delays for tabs, newlines and carriage returns. 1.4. File Manipulation □ CAT Concatenate one or more files onto standard output. Particularly used for una- dorned printing, for inserting data into a pipeline, and for buffering output that comes in dribs and drabs. Works on any file regardless of contents. 4 D CP Copy one file to another, or a set of files to a directory. Works on any file regardless of contents. Print files with title, date, and page number on every page. OMulticolumn output. O Parallel column merge of several files. LPR Off-line print. Spools arbitrary files to the line printer. CMP Compare two files and report if different. TAIL Print last n lines of input O May print last /; characters, or from n lines or characters to end. SPLIT Split a large file into more manageable pieces. Occasionally necessary for edit ing (ED). DD Physical file format translator, for exchanging data with foreign systems, espe daily IBM 370's. SUM Sum the words of a file. 1.5. Manipulation of Directories and File Names D RM Remove a file. Only the name goes away if any other names are linked to the file. OStep through a directory deleting files interactively. O Delete entire directory hierarchies. D LN "Link" another name (alias) to an existing file. □ MV Move a file or files. Used for renaming files. D CHMOD Change permissions on one or more files. Executable by files' owner. D CHOWN Change owner of one or more files.
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