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Jatropha Curcus Plant As Antiviral Agent and As a Biodiesel

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Review Article ISSN: 0976-7126 CODEN (USA): IJPLCP Agrawal et al., 11(3):6516-6519, 2020 [[ Jatropha curcus plant as Antiviral agent and as a Biodiesel Ankit Agrawal*, Hinal Prajapati, Pawandeep Shukla and Arun Kumar Gupta Chameli Devi Institute of Pharmacy, Indore (M.P.) - India Abstract Article info Virual diseases are most widely spreading disease occurring worldwide. Most people affected with the viral diseases like COVID- 19 will Received: 30/01/2020 experience mild to moderate respiratory illness. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is by frequently washing your hands or by Revised: 28/02/2020 using an alcohol based rubs also by maintaining distance. The plant jatropha curcus can also be used for the treatment against corona and it is Accepted: 25/03/2020 also used as biodiesel. The present study focuses on the use of jatropha curcus plant for its antiviral activity and biodiesel. © IJPLS Keywords: Virus, COVID- 19, Biodiesel. www.ijplsjournal.com Introduction Viruses are microorganism that can not be seen by Corona Virus naked eye that are existing on earth everywhere. Corona viruses are found in avian and mammalian They can infect animals, plants, fungi and even species. They resemble each other in morphology bacteria. They consist of genetic material, RNA or and chemical structure: for example, the corona DNA surrounded by a coat of protein, lipid or viruses of humans and cattle are antigenically glycoloipids. Viruses do not have ribosomes so related. There is no evidence, however, that they cannot make proteins. This makes them human corona viruses can be transmitted by totally dependent on their host. They are the only animals. In animals, various corona viruses invade microorganism that cannot reproduce without a many different tissues and cause a variety of host cell. They can replicate only in a host cell by diseases, but in humans they are only proved to inserting their genetic material in to the host body cause mild upper respiratory infections, i.e. and there they reproduce also take over the host’s common colds. On rare occasions, gastrointestinal functions. corona virus infection has been associated with Most Commonly Occurring Viral Diseases Are outbreaks of diarrhea in children. Small Pox Multiplication Measles The virus enters the host cell, and the uncoated Rubella genome is transcribed and translated. The mRNAs Hepatitis form a unique “nested set” sharing a common 3′ Polio end. New virions form by budding from host cell membranes. AIDS SARS *Corresponding Author The most widely spread viral disease in today’s E.mail: [email protected] scenario is COVID- 19. International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences Volume 11 Issue 3: March., 2020 6516 Review Article ISSN: 0976-7126 CODEN (USA): IJPLCP Agrawal et al., 11(3):6516-6519, 2020 Pathogenesis Morphological description Transmission is usually via airborne droplets to Jatropha curcas is a multipurpose perennial the nasal mucosa. Virus replicates locally in cells shrub/ small tree of 3-6 m height. It may be of the ciliated epithelium, causing cell damage evergreen or deciduous, depending on climate. and inflammation. It has a short tap root, robust laterals and Control many fine tertiary roots. The stem is woody, Treatment of common colds is symptomatic; no erect, cylindrical, solid and branched. vaccines or specific drugs are available. Hygiene Branches are stout, green and semi woody. measures reduce the rate of transmission. Leaves are palmate and have 5-7 shallow lobes and are arranged in alternate with spiral phyllotaxis. Length and widths of leaves varies from 16-21 and 14-18 cm and are cauline and ramel, ex-stipulate, petiolate. Petioles are 12-19 cm long. Venation is The corona viruses were originally grouped into multicostate, reticulate and divergent type. the family Corona viridae on the basis of the Chemical Content of plant crown or halo-like appearance given by the Apigenin, vitexin, isovitexin, phytate, saponins glycoprotein-studded envelope on electron and a type of lectin known as curcin. The seeds microscopy. contain 27–40% oil (average: 34.4%) Some common symptoms of this infection: Medicinal uses of Jatropha Curcus Headache 1. Jatropha curcas is known for various Sore throat medicinal uses. Its antimicrobial, anti- Cough cancer and anti-HIV activity Shortness of breath 2. The root decoction of Jatropha curcas is Fever used for the treatment of eczema, scabies, Chest pain ringworm, gonorrhea, dysentery, diarrhea Pneumonia 3. antiviral properties: its broad-spectrum activity, for cytotoxicity and its potential Kidney failure to inhibit hemagglutinin protein of viruses Jatropha curcus Plant 4. used as a antidote of venom of some Jatropha is a genus of flowering plants in the specific snake spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. 5. Modern research has supported the Origin and Distribution traditional uses. For example, the latex The origin of J. curcas remains controversial has antibiotic properties against Candida as it can be found over a wide range of albicans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella countries in Central and South America. It is pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and native to Central America but now grows Streptococcus pyogens. It also has naturally in most tropical areas of the world. coagulating effects on blood plasma. In India it occurs in wild, semi wild and 6. The juice of the bark is used in the cultivated state in almost all biogeographical treatment of malarial fevers, and is also zones from the coastal areas to the outer useful in reducing swellings caused by Himalayan ranges inflammation. This juice is also applied externally to treat burns, scabies, eczema and ringworm. 7. Jatropha oil is an environmentally safe, cost-effective renewable source of non- conventional energy and a promising substitute for diesel, kerosene and other fuels. International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences Volume 11 Issue 3: March., 2020 6517 Review Article ISSN: 0976-7126 CODEN (USA): IJPLCP Agrawal et al., 11(3):6516-6519, 2020 Jatropha curcus activity against virus Oils from Jatropha, melon, palm oil, soybean, Jatropha curcas is known for various medicinal sugar cane, and used oil can be used to make uses. Its antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-HIV biodiesel. Jatropha is very important in the activity has been well recognized. Because of its production of biodiesel since it is a nonedible broad-spectrum activity, we investigated aqueous plant and will not cause competition on human and methanol leaf extracts for cytotoxicity and its food. Advances in the use of biodiesel as an potential to inhibit hemagglutinin protein of alternative fuel are aimed at providing cheap and influenza virus. The bioactive compounds from renewable energy, which is easy to manufacture leaf extracts were characterized by high- and more importantly clean and more performance thin layer chromatography which environmentally friendly. The production of this revealed the presence of major phytochemicals fuel can be encouraged at the grass root level to including flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The aid ordinary Nigerians use biodiesel as fuel cytotoxic concentration 50 for aqueous and alternative. This will fill the gap and more methanol extracts were determined using trypan importantly relieve pressure on crude oil as the blue dye exclusion assay. Inhibition of dominate fuel in the running of equipment, hemagglutinin protein was assessed using Jatropha oil has been used in India for several minimal cytotoxic concentrations of the extracts decades as biodiesel for the diesel fuel and 102.5 TCID50 (64 HA titre) of the Influenza A requirements of remote rural and forest (H1N1) virus with different exposure studies communities; jatropha oil can be used directly using hemagglutination assay. Aqueous and after extraction (i.e. without refining) in diesel methanol extracts were found to be non toxic to generators and engines. Jatropha has the potential kidney cells below concentration of 15.57 and to provide economic benefits at the local level 33.62 mg/mL respectively. Inhibition of since under suitable management it has the hemagglutinin was studied using reducing potential to grow in dry marginal non-agricultural hemagglutination titre which confirmed that the J. lands, thereby allowing villagers and farmers to curcas extracts have direct effect on the process of leverage non-farm land for income generation. As virus adsorption leading to its inhibition. Our well, increased Jatropha oil production delivers results provide the information which shows the economic benefits to India on the macroeconomic potential of Jatropha extracts in the treatment of or national level as it reduces the nation's fossil various viruses infection. With an established fuel import bill for diesel production (the main reduced toxicity and prevention of infection by transportation fuel used in the country); inhibiting hemagglutinin protein, these extracts minimising the expenditure of India's foreign- and its derivatives may be further developed as currency reserves for fuel allowing India to broad spectrum anti-corona drugs for prevention increase its growing foreign currency reserves and treatment of infections by different types of (which can be better spent on capital expenditures coronaviruses with further mechanistic studies on for industrial inputs and production). And since anti-corona. Jatropha oil is carbon-neutral, large-scale Jatropha curcus’s seed oil used as a biodiesel production will improve the country's carbon Jatropha curcas as a non-edible
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    ICANCERRESEARCH28,2338-2349,November1968] Cocarcinogenic Principles from the Seed Oil of Croton tiglium and from Other Euphorbiaceae Erich Hecker Biochemisches Institut am Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany first or "initiation" stage of Berenblum experiments as the Introduction result of essentially irreversible biologic events was readily ac cepted. However, the interpretation of the second or "pro The spurge family or Euphorbiacea includes some 280 gen motion" stage remained controversial for many years, espe era and 8000 species which occur in tropical and in temperate regions all over the world. These succulent or nonsucculent cially after a weak but definite tumorigenic activity of croton plants range from herbs and shrubs to tree and cactus types. oil was detected (see Refs. 10, 36). In case of irreversible Many of them contain a milky juice which is more or less tumorigenic events caused by croton oil, the oil would be just toxic, especially for cold-blooded animals, and can produce a another carcinogen. In case of reversible tumorigenic events dermatitis similar to that from poison ivy. The fruits are usual caused by croton oil, a special type of cocarcinogenic activity ly three-celled capsules, each cell containing a single seed from would have been demonstrated which could be called tumor- which in some species toxic, vesicating, and irritant seed oils promoting activity (10). If the nature of the biologic activity may be obtained. The largest genera of the spurge family are of croton oil could be established definitely in the sense of a those of Croton, with about 700 species, and of spurge or tumor promoter rather than as a carcinogen, Berenblum exper Euphorbia, with about 1600 species.
  • Chinese Tallow Invasion in Maritime Forests: Understand Invasion Mechanism and Develop Ecologically-Based Management Lauren Susan Pile Clemson University

    Chinese Tallow Invasion in Maritime Forests: Understand Invasion Mechanism and Develop Ecologically-Based Management Lauren Susan Pile Clemson University

    Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 12-2015 Chinese Tallow Invasion in Maritime Forests: Understand Invasion Mechanism and Develop Ecologically-Based Management Lauren Susan Pile Clemson University Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Part of the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Pile, Lauren Susan, "Chinese Tallow Invasion in Maritime Forests: Understand Invasion Mechanism and Develop Ecologically-Based Management" (2015). All Dissertations. 1807. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1807 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHINESE TALLOW INVASION IN MARITIME FORESTS: UNDERSTAND INVASION MECHANISM AND DEVELOP ECOLOGICALLY-BASED MANAGEMENT A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Forest Resources by Lauren Susan Pile December 2015 Accepted by: G. Geoff Wang, Committee Chair William C. Bridges Jr. Patricia A. Layton Thomas A. Waldrop Joan L. Walker ABSTRACT Invasion by highly aggressive, non-native, invasive plants is a significant threat to management and conservation priorities as these plants can transform ecosystem functions and processes. In this study, I investigated the non-native, invasive tree, Chinese tallow
  • Aleurites Moluccana (L.) Willd

    Aleurites Moluccana (L.) Willd

    Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. Ecology, silviculture and productivity Haruni Krisnawati Maarit Kallio Markku Kanninen Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. Ecology, silviculture and productivity Haruni Krisnawati Maarit Kallio Markku Kanninen © 2011 Center for International Forestry Research All rights reserved ISBN 978-602-8693-40-0 Photos by Haruni Krisnawati unless otherwise credited Krisnawati, H., Kallio, M. and Kanninen, M. 2011 Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.: ecology, silviculture and productivity. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. CIFOR Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede Bogor Barat 16115 Indonesia T +62 (251) 8622-622 F +62 (251) 8622-100 E [email protected] www.cifor.cgiar.org Any views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of CIFOR, the authors’ institutions or the financial sponsors of this publication. Contents Preface v Acknowledgements vi 1. Introduction 1 2. Description of the species 1 2.1 Taxonomy 1 2.2 Botany 1 2.3 Distribution 3 2.4 Ecological range 3 2.5 Wood characteristics 3 2.6 Uses 3 3. Seed production 4 3.1 Seed collection 4 3.2 Seed preparation 4 3.3 Seed storage and viability 4 4. Propagation and planting 5 4.1 Sowing 5 4.2 Preparation for planting out 5 4.3 Planting 5 5. Plantation maintenance 5 5.1 Weeding 5 5.2 Fertilising 5 5.3 Replanting 6 5.4 Pruning 6 5.5 Thinning 6 5.6 Control of pests and diseases 6 6. Growth and yield 6 6.1 Growth rates 6 6.2 Height–diameter relationship 9 6.3 Stem volume estimation 9 6.4 Productivity 9 6.5 Rotation 9 References 11 List of figures and tables Figures 1.
  • Comparative Evaluation of Bioproductivity Studies of Simarouba, IJCRR Section: Life Sciences Sci

    Comparative Evaluation of Bioproductivity Studies of Simarouba, IJCRR Section: Life Sciences Sci

    International Journal of Current Research and Review Research Article DOI: 10.7324/IJCRR.2018.1058 Comparative Evaluation of Bioproductivity Studies of Simarouba, IJCRR Section: Life sciences Sci. Journal Pongamia and Jatropha for Biodiesel Impact Factor 4.016 ICV: 71.54 Parameters Gayatri Vaidya1, G. R. Naik2 1Department of Biotechnology, Akkamahadevi Women’s University, Vijayapura., India; 2Department of Biotechnology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, India. ABSTRACT The vegetable oils (non-edible) have proved to be promising feedstock for the biodiesel production. The present study deals with the evaluation of Simarouba , Jatropha and Pongamia for their growth performance from the seed germination to the first bearing, production and characterization of oil and biodiesel as they are considered as biofuel crops capable to grow on waste lands. Variations in bioproductivity of the plants were compared every six months for four years of investigation and biodiesel parameters were also studied and analyzed statistically. Identification of better genotype or superior phenotype having better yield and oil content is the important step in the tree improvement strategies involved in the biofuel program. The results obtained from the studies on the bioproductivity traits, their correlation and satisfying biodiesel quality has proved a Simarouba species as a potential candidate to provide sustainable feed stock for biodiesel industries. Key Words: Bioproductivity, Biodiesel, Feedstock, Crop improvement INTRODUCTION waste land areas are considered as potential niches for promotion of perennial non-edible crops for biofuel, that The gradual depletion of petroleum reserves and the increas- aid in restoring afforestation, conservation and environ- ing environmental concerns have created great demand for mental friendly energy production.