THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF REMIX STUDIES AND DIGITAL HUMANITIES In this comprehensive and highly interdisciplinary companion, contributors reflect on remix across the broad spectrum of media and culture, with each chapter offering in-depth reflections on the relationship between remix studies and digital humanities. The anthology is organized into sections that explore remix studies and digital humanities in relation to topics such as archives, artificial intelligence, cinema, episte- mology, gaming, generative art, hacking, pedagogy, sound, and VR, among other sub- jects of study. Selected chapters focus on practice-based projects produced by artists, designers, remix studies scholars, and digital humanists. With this mix of practical and theoretical chapters, editors Navas, Gallagher, and burrough offer a tapestry of critical reflection on the contemporary cultural and political implications of remix studies and the digital humanities, functioning as an ideal reference manual to these evolving areas of study across the arts, humanities, and social sciences. This book will be of particular interest to students and scholars of digital humanities, remix studies, media arts, information studies, interactive arts and technology, and digi- tal media studies. Eduardo Navas is Associate Research Professor of Art at The School of Visual Arts at The Pennsylvania State University, PA. He implements methodologies of cultural ana- lytics and digital humanities to research the crossover of art and media in culture. His production includes art and media projects, critical texts, and curatorial projects. Navas is co-editor of The Routledge Companion to Remix Studies (2015), Keywords in Remix Studies (2018), and has published extensively on remix theory and practice. He is Research Faculty in the College of Arts and Architecture’s Art & Design Research Incubator (ADRI). Owen Gallagher is Programme Manager and Assistant Professor of Web Media at Bahrain Polytechnic, where he lectures in film, sound, animation, and game design. He is the author of Reclaiming Critical Remix Video (2018), and co-editor of Keywords in Remix Studies (2018) and The Routledge Companion to Remix Studies (2015) with Eduardo Navas and xtine burrough. He has published a number of book chapters, journal articles, and conference papers on remix culture, intellectual property, and visual semiotics, and is particularly concerned with the changing role of copyright in the networked era. xtine burrough is Professor and Area Head of Design + Creative Practice in the School of Arts, Technology, and Emerging Communication at UT Dallas, and she is the Director of LabSynthE, a laboratory for creating synthetic, electronic poetry. She uses emerging technologies and remix as a strategy for engaging networked audiences in critical partici- pation. She is the author of Foundations of Digital Art and Design with Adobe Creative Cloud, 2nd Edition, and co-editor of The Routledge Companion to Remix Studies and Keywords in Remix Studies with Eduardo Navas and Owen Gallagher. 9780367361426_vouchers_proofs.indb 1 27/01/21 10:31 AM THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF REMIX STUDIES AND DIGITAL HUMANITIES Edited by Eduardo Navas, Owen Gallagher, and xtine burrough First published 2021 by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business © 2021 Taylor & Francis The right of Eduardo Navas, Owen Gallagher, and xtine burrough to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with Sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Navas, Eduardo, editor. | Gallagher, Owen, 1980- editor. | burrough, xtine, editor. Title: The Routledge handbook of remix studies and digital humanities / edited by Eduardo Navas, Owen Gallagher, and xtine burrough. Description: New York : Routledge, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020055919 (print) | LCCN 2020055920 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367361426 (hardback) | ISBN 9780429355875 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Appropriation (Art) | Digital humanities. | Remix History and criticism Classification: LCC NX197 .R385 2021 (print) | LCC NX197 (ebook) | DDC 701/.1--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020055919 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020055920 ISBN: 978-0-367-36142-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-69880-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-35587-5 (ebk) Typeset in Goudy by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd. BK-TandF-NAVAS_9780367361426-200351-FM.indd 4 27/01/21 2:03 PM CONTENTS Acknowledgments viii List of Figures x List of Tables xvi Notes on Contributors xvii Introduction 1 EDUARDO NAVAS, OWEN GALLAGHER, AND XTINE BURROUGH PART I Epistemology and Theory 17 1 A Brief History of Remix: From Caves to Networks 19 GIANCARLO FROSIO 2 The More Things Change: Who Gets Left Behind as Remix Goes Mainstream? 36 FERNANDA R. ROSA, MAGGIE CLIFFORD, AND ARAM SINNREICH 3 Experiments in Performance, Identity, and Digital Space: 48 Mystory Remixes, Remixed 53 LYNDSAY MICHALIK GRATCH 4 Production Plus Consumption: Remix and the Digital Humanities 70 VIRGINIA KUHN 5 Immersive Feminist Remix: An Affect Dissonance Methodology 80 KAREN KEIFER-BOYD 6 Versioning Buddhism: Remix and Recyclability in the Study of Religion 95 SETH M. WALKER 7 Monster Theory 2.0: Remix, the Digital Humanities, and the Limits of Transgression 109 MEGEN DE BRUIN-MOLÉ 8 Sampling New Literacies: Remix Studies and Digital Humanities in a Cross-Disciplinary Approach 125 EDUARDO DE MOURA 9 RS (Remix Studies) + DH (Digital Humanities): Critical Reflections on Chance and Strategy for Empathy 140 EDUARDO NAVAS v CONTENTS PART II Accessibility and Pedagogy 157 10 Designing the Remix Library 159 ANNE BURDICK 11 Interdisciplinary Design and Transcultural Collaboration as Transformative Remix Tools 175 IAN MCARTHUR 12 In the Mix, the Collaborative Remix to Repair, Reconnect, Rebuild 194 VICKI CALLAHAN, NICOLE RICHTER, CHRISTINA LANE, AND DANIEL CLARKSON FISHER 13 Remixing Literature in the Classroom: From Canons to Playlists in the Study of Latinx Literature and Beyond 210 KELLEY KREITZ 14 Metadata for Digital Teaching: Enabling Remix for Open Educational Resources 222 MICHAEL COLLINS 15 Hack It! Diy Divine Tools: An Art Hack Implemented as New Media Pedagogy in the Public Liberal Arts 236 VICTORIA BRADBURY 16 On The Capabilities of Hip Hop-Inspired Design Research: An Annotated Syllabus 247 JOYCELYN WILSON 17 Internet Memes as Remixes: Simpsons Memes and the Swarm Archive 259 SCOTT HADEN CHURCH AND GAVIN FELLER 18 Poetically Remixing the Archive 273 XTINE BURROUGH PART III Modularity and Ontology 287 19 Hallucination or Classification: How Computational Literature Interacts with Text Analysis 289 ERAN HADAS 20 Machine-Driven Text Remixes 302 ALESSANDRO LUDOVICO 21 Talk to Transformer: AI as Meta Remix Engine 313 MARK AMERIKA 22 The Critical Role of New Media in Transforming Gamers into Remixers 325 LISA HORTON AND DAVID BEARD vi CONTENTS 23 Vandalize a Webpage: Automation and Agency, Destruction and Repair 342 ETHAN PLAUT 24 Allegories of Streaming: Image Synthesis and/as Remix 354 STEVE F. ANDERSON 25 Always Already Just: Combinatorial Inventiveness in New Media Art 366 DEJAN GRBA 26 Computational Creativity: Algorithms, Art, and Artistry 385 DAVID J. GUNKEL 27 Remix Games as Instruments of Digital Humanities Scholarship: Harnessing the Potential of Virtual Worlds 396 OWEN GALLAGHER PART IV Aurality and Visuality 415 28 Popular Song Remixed: Mashups, Aesthetic Transformation, and Resistance 417 CHRISTINE BOONE 29 Remixing the Object of Study: Performing Screen Studies through Videographic Scholarship 430 AIDAN DELANEY 30 Cinema Remixed 4.0: The Rescoring, Remixing, and Live Performance of Film Soundtracks 443 SARAH ATKINSON 31 The Sound of the Future: A Digital Humanities Remix Essay 456 PAUL WATKINS 32 Hacking the Digital Humanities: Critical Practice and DIY Pedagogy 473 MARINA HASSAPOPOULOU, WITH DONNA CAMERON, CRISTINA CAJULIS, DA YE KIM, JASPER LAUDERDALE, ERIC HAHN, PEDRO CABELLO, HOJONG LEE, SOYOUNG ELIZABETH YUN, KELSEY CHRISTENSEN, AND KATE ANDERSON-SONG 33 Djing Archival Interruptions: A Remix Praxis and Reflective Guide 488 MARK V. CAMPBELL 34 Exploring Remix Process: The Case of the Spanish Megamix 500 ADRIAN RENZO 35 Scratch Video: Analog Herald of Remix Culture 513 NICK COPE 36 Curating, Remixing, and Migrating Archived “Muse Files” 529 PAUL DOUGHERTY Index 544 vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book could not be possible without the relevant and timely contributions by the distinguished scholars who accepted our invitation to participate. We thank them for their willingness to go through a long editing process, especially during unprecedented times of a global pandemic, global political instability, as well as ongoing climate change events. Their commitment to meet the deadlines to make this publication