Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Is on the National Website

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland

2000

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ii Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Contents

List of charts ...... iv List of tables ...... iv

1 Scottish Drug Misuse Information Strategy ...... 1

SELECTED POINTS ...... 2

2 Scottish Drug Misuse Database ...... 5 About the Scottish Drug Misuse Database ...... 5 About this publication ...... 5 Understanding the data ...... 5 Acknowledgements ...... 6 Contact ...... 6

Data from the Scottish Drug Misuse Database (charts listed overleaf) ...... 7 Summary ...... 7 New attendances at different services ...... 7 Age and gender characteristics ...... 9 Ethnic origin ...... 10 Contact information ...... 10 Social information ...... 11 Types of drugs misused ...... 13 Injecting and sharing behaviour ...... 16

Tables from the Scottish Drug Misuse Database (listed overleaf) ...... 20

Annexes 1 Definitions ...... 75 2 List of services contributing to the Database in 1999/00 ...... 76 3 Specimen forms : medical (SMR22) and non-medical (SMR23) ...... 77 4 Deriving the area of residence ...... 79 5 Additional information ...... 80 6 Understanding the data ...... 82

3 GB Regional Drug Misuse Databases ...... 83

4 General acute hospital inpatient statistics ...... 84

5 Psychiatric inpatient statistics ...... 89

6 Drug misuse in pregnancy ...... 96

7 Information from general practice (CMR) ...... 101

8 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection ...... 107

9 Prescription statistics ...... 119

10 Seizures of controlled drugs ...... 123

11 Drug-related offences recorded and court proceedings...... 127

12 Drug misuse in Scottish prisons...... 133

13 Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 1999 ...... 135

14 Drug education in schools, 1999/00 ...... 140

Contact names for data sources ...... 145

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 iii List of Charts and List of Tables

List of Charts List of Tables

2 SCOTTISH DRUG MISUSE DATABASE 2 SCOTTISH DRUG MISUSE DATABASE

New attendances at different services Source of data, by type of service 1999/00 ...... 7 SCOTLAND TREND TABLES Source of data, by health board and council area Data in the following tables are presented for the years (treatment and residence) 1999/00 ...... 8 1995/96 - 1999/00.

Age and gender characteristics Type of service returning forms ...... 21 Age profile 1995/96 - 1999/00 ...... 9 Forms received, area of treatment ...... 21 Gender profile 1995/96 - 1999/00 ...... 9 Forms received, area of residence ...... 22 Age group and gender ...... 23 Contact information Employment status ...... 23 Living situation ...... 24 Source of referral 1999/00 ...... 10 Age at onset of problem drug use ...... 24 Main drug ...... 25 Social information Selected main drug ...... 26 Employment status 1999/00 ...... 11 All drugs ...... 27 Living situation 1999/00 ...... 11 Injecting ...... 28 Legal situation 1999/00 ...... 11 Age when first injected ...... 28 Age at onset of problem drug use 1999/00 ...... 12 Route of use of heroin ...... 29 Time from onset until help first sought 1999/00 ...... 12 Sharing injecting equipment ...... 30

Type of drugs misused Main drug used 1999/00 ...... 13 AREA OF TREATMENT and AREA OF RESIDENCE TABLES Trends in main drug used 1995/96 - 1999/00 ...... 13 Unless otherwise stated, the following tables relate to year Trends in main drug used, by age group 1995/96 - 1999/00 ...... 14 ending 31 March 2000, and data are presented by health All and main drugs 1999/00 ...... 15 board and council area. Trends in all drugs of misuse 1995/96 - 1999/00 ...... 15 Where two page numbers are shown, the first page refers to Injecting and sharing behaviour data presented by area of treatment; the second page refers to data presented by area of residence. Injecting status 1995/96 - 1999/00 ...... 16 Injecting status, by age group 1995/96 - 1999/00 ...... 16 Age first injected 1999/00 ...... 17 New attendences at different services Route of use of heroin, by age group 1995/96 - 1999/00 ...... 18 Type of service returning forms ...... 31, 53 Sharing status 1995/96 - 1999/00 ...... 19 Age and gender characteristics Age group analysis ...... 32, 54 4 GENERAL ACUTE HOSPITAL INPATIENT STATISTICS Age group analysis of males ...... 33, 55 Age group analysis of females ...... 34, 56 General acute admissions for drug misuse by deprivation category : Ethnic origin ...... 35, 57 1999/00, rate per 100,000 population ...... 85 Contact information Source of referral ...... 36, 58 5 INFORMATION FROM GENERAL PRACTICE (CMR) Place of initial contact ...... 37, 59 Place where individual was assessed ...... 38, 60 Proportion of patients with and without a diagnosis of drug misuse seen with a specified condition/illness (males, females) : 1999 Social information patients aged 15-44 ...... 105 Employment status ...... 39, 61 Living situation ...... 40, 62 Living with dependent children ...... 41, 63 Legal situation ...... 42, 64 Age at onset of problem drug use ...... 43, 65 Time from onset until help first sought ...... 44, 66 Intended prescribing by doctors ...... 45, 67

Type of drugs misused Main drug, percentage of individuals reporting using each drug as main drug of misuse ...... 46, 68 All drugs, percentage of individuals reporting using each drug of misuse ...... 48, 70

Injecting and sharing behaviour Injecting ...... 50, 72 Age when first injected, individuals reported to have injected in past month ...... 51, 73 Sharing injecting equipment, individuals reported to have injected in past month ...... 52, 74

iv Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 List of Tables

3 GB REGIONAL DRUG MISUSE DATABASES 8 HIV, AIDS, HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C INFECTION

Main drug of misuse and numbers injecting : 1 April - Hepatitis B infected injecting drug users : 1990 - 1999, 30 September 1999, Great Britain, Scotland, England and Wales .... 83 health board ...... 109 New individual patients/clients : 1 April - 30 September 1999, AIDS cases and deaths registered, and HIV-infection reports age group and gender; Great Britain, Scotland, England and Wales .. 83 among injecting drug users: at 31 December of year indicated .... 109 HIV-infected injecting drug users : 1985, 1990 - 1999, health board and year of report ; at 31 December 1999 ...... 110 4 GENERAL ACUTE HOSPITAL INPATIENT STATISTICS HIV-infected injecting drug users : 1985, 1990 - 1999, age at time of earliest positive specimen, and year of report ; at 31 December 1999 ...... 110 General acute admissions for drug misuse : 1997/98 - 1999/00, HIV-infected injecting drug users, health board, gender and health board and council area of residence; age group and gender ... 86 vital status ; at 31 December 1999 ...... 111 General acute admissions for drug misuse; drug type : 1999/00, HIV-infected persons undergoing immunological monitoring health board and council area of residence; age group and gender ... 87 in Scotland - CD4 monitoring: 1992 - 1999, number of individuals General acute admissions for drug misuse; length of stay : 1999/00, monitored, health board, and year of test ; at 31 December 1999 .... 111 health board and council area of residence; age group and gender ... 88 HIV-infected persons undergoing immunological monitoring; by most recent CD4 count, health board of laboratory, risk group (persons monitored during 1998 and 1999 ; at 31 December 1999) . 112 5 PSYCHIATRIC INPATIENT STATISTICS HIV-infected persons undergoing immunological monitoring; by highest level of anti-retroviral therapy, health board of Psychiatric inpatient discharges with a diagnosis of drug misuse : laboratory, risk group (persons monitored during 1998 and 1999 ; 1993/94 - 1998/99, previous psychiatric inpatient status, health at 31 December 1999) ...... 113 board of residence and council area ...... 91 HIV-infected injecting drug users undergoing immunological Psychiatric inpatient discharges with a main discharge monitoring for the first time during Jan 96 - Dec 99; by first CD4 diagnosis of drug misuse : 1998/99, drug type, previous count : 1996 - 1999, health board of laboratory, year of entry ...... 114 psychiatric inpatient status, health board of residence, age group, HIV prevalence among injecting drug users having a named gender and council area ...... 92 HIV test : 1996 - 1999, health board and year of test ...... 115 Psychiatric inpatient discharges with a discharge diagnosis of Hepatitis C infected persons by probable/possible route of drug misuse in any position : 1998/99, length of stay, previous transmission : 1991 - 1998, health board, and year of specimen ... 116 psychiatric inpatient status, health board of residence, age group, Hepatitis C infected persons, age group at time of earliest positive gender and council area ...... 93 specimen and probable/possible route of transmission ...... 118 Psychiatric inpatient discharges with a main discharge diagnosis of drug misuse : 1998/99, supplementary discharge diagnosis ...... 94 Psychiatric inpatient discharges with a supplementary discharge 9 PRESCRIPTION STATISTICS diagnosis of drug misuse : 1998/99, main discharge diagnosis ...... 94 Psychiatric inpatient discharges by main discharge diagnosis : Prescriptions & defined daily doses per 1000 population : 1999/00, 1998/99, all discharges; previous psychiatric inpatient status health board, drug type ...... 120 and gender ...... 95 Prescriptions & defined daily doses per 1000 population : 1992/93 - 1999/00, drug type ...... 121 Methadone mixture prescriptions : 1996/97 - 1999/00, health board 6 DRUG MISUSE IN PREGNANCY of prescription, number and rate per 1000 population ...... 121 Instalment dispensings of methadone mixture : 1999/00, Antenatal discharges: 1996/97 - 1999/00, health board, council area health board of prescribing ...... 122 of residence and age at discharge ...... 98 Single dispensings of methadone mixture : 1999/00, Number of maternities: 1996/97 - 1999/00, health board, council health board of prescribing ...... 122 area of residence and age of mother ...... 99 Neonatal discharges: 1996/97 - 1999/00, health board and council area of residence ...... 100 10 SEIZURES OF CONTROLLED DRUGS

Seizures of controlled drugs : 1985, 1990, 1993 - 1998, 7 INFORMATION FROM GENERAL PRACTICE (CMR) police force area or other organisation ...... 123 Seizures of controlled drugs (number and quantity seized) : 1998, Number of patients diagnosed (total and first diagnosis only) and police force area or other organisation; drug type ...... 124 number of contacts : 1998 and 1999 ...... 103 Number and quantity of seizures of class A, B and C drugs; Prevalence and contact rates : 1998 and 1999 ...... 104 Scotland : 1985, 1990, 1993 - 1998, drug type ...... 126 Proportion of patients seen with specified condition/illness: 1999, patients aged 15-44 ...... 104 Tracking patients with a first diagnosis of drugs misuse for 12 months : 1998 and 1999 ...... 106

/ continued

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 v List of Tables

11 DRUG-RELATED OFFENCES RECORDED AND COURT PROCEEDINGS

Drug-related offences recorded by Scottish police forces : 1997 - 1999, (mainly Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 offences), council area ..... 127 Drug-related offences recorded by Scottish police forces : 1999, (mainly Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 offences), council area; type of offence ...... 128 Persons convicted in Scottish courts of drugs offences : 1989 - 1998, type of offence and age of convicted person ...... 129 Persons convicted in Scottish courts of drugs offences : 1989-1998, type of offence and sentence ...... 130 Persons convicted of drugs offences in Sheriff courts : 1998 ..... 131 Persons convicted of drugs offences in District courts : 1998 .... 132

12 DRUG MISUSE IN SCOTTISH PRISONS

Drug use at reception into custody : 1999/00, results of urine testing of new admissions ...... 133 Mandatory drug testing results : 1996/97 - 1999/00, random tests of 10% of prison population ...... 133 Mandatory drug testing results : 1998/99, random tests of 10% of prison population ...... 134 Mandatory drug testing results : 1999/00, random tests of 10% of prison population ...... 134

13 DRUG-RELATED DEATHS IN SCOTLAND 1998

Drug-related deaths : 1994 - 1999 ...... 138 Drug-related deaths : 1999, health board of residence ...... 138 Drug-related deaths : 1999, age group ...... 138 Number of deaths involving selected drugs : 1999, health board of residence ...... 139

14 DRUG EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS

Percentage of schools which provide drug education and the types of drug education involved : 1999/00 ...... 141 Percentage of schools which provide drug education which is in line with current national advice : 1999/00 ...... 141 Percentage of schools where each pupil will receive drug education : 1999/00 ...... 142 Percentage of schools with written procedures for managing incidents of drug misuse : 1999/00 ...... 142 Percentage of schools with written procedures for managing incidents of drug misuse which are in line with current national advice : 1999/00 ...... 143

The following symbols and abbreviations have been used :

|| editorial comment (appears below footnotes)

- nil or negligible

. not applicable ** not available

Percentage rates are shown in italics

vi Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish DrugScottish Misuse Drug Information Misuse Database Strategy

chapter 1 Scottish Drug Misuse Information Strategy

Setting the scene

Tackling Drugs in Scotland: Action in Partnership Scotlands drug misuse strategy is laid out in Tackling Drugs in Scotland: Action in Partnership. It sets out objectives and action priorities for tackling drug misuse, as agreed by the Scottish Executive and the Scottish Advisory Committee on Drug Misuse (SACDM). Tackling Drugs in Scotland: Action in Partnership recognises the importance of information and research in underpinning the implementation of Scotlands drugs strategy. It highlights the role of the Scottish Drug Misuse Information Strategy, launched by Government in April 1998. A key component of the Information Strategy was the establishment of ISD as the focal point for drugs information in Scotland. The importance of co-ordination and collaboration is underlined in making information available where it is needed. ISDs drug misuse information strategy team has drawn on the expertise and resources of other information providers such as the General Register Office for Scotland, the Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health, the Scottish Prison Service, and other parts of ISD. Close links have been established with the information and research units of Scottish Executive departments, key research organisations and the users and providers of information in the voluntary sector such as the Scottish Drugs Forum. ISD aims to provide information on drug misuse and supporting expertise to Scottish Executive departments and their agencies, SACDM, Drug Action Teams, service commissioners and deliverers, the voluntary sector, national bodies (such as the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities) and a range of other information users, including the academic and business communities, helping them to perform their respective tasks in dealing with Scotlands drug problem.

About Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000

This publication continues to evolve to reflect the changing needs of organisations involved in tackling drug misuse in Scotland. This edition presents for the first time a separate section containing a selection of 5 year Scotland trend tables from the Scottish Drug Misuse Database. Additional trend information is also presented from some of the other data sources. The web version of this edition is on the national website : www.drugmisuse.isdscotland.org.

We thank all those who have contributed to this years publication.

Contacts Paul Stroner (Team Leader) 0131 551 8686 Peter Knight (Head, Hospital and Community Information Unit) 0131 551 8739

Selected points overleaf

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 1 ScottishScottish DrugDrug MisuseMisuse DatabaseInformation Strategy

Selected points Source

Scottish and other GB Regional Drug Misuse Databases

n Information on new attenders at drug services reported to the Scottish Drug Misuse Database for ISD Scotland the period 1999/00 shows that, as in earlier years, the most common age group, accounting for 29 Chart 3 per cent of individuals, is 20-24 years; the 25-29 age group accounts for a further 28 per cent.

n Sixteen per cent reported that they were under 15 years of age when their drug use became a ISD Scotland problem. Chart 9

n Sixty-five per cent of new attenders seen at drug services in Scotland reported use of heroin as their ISD Scotland main or secondary drug in 1999/00, compared to around 45 per cent in the mid 1990s. Chart 15

n Figures for Great Britain as a whole show that 64 per cent of new attenders at drug services were DH, London using heroin (either as a main or other drug) in the six months ending 30 September 1999. Table 53

n In 1999/00 the proportion of individuals seen at services reporting that they had injected in the ISD Scotland previous month has remained constant at 39 per cent. This compares with 33 per cent in 1995/96. Chart 16

n Injecting is the main route of use recorded in the majority of reports where heroin is mentioned ISD Scotland - 58 per cent of heroin reports stated that the drug was injected. Table 13

n Figures for Great Britain show that for the six month period ending 30 September 1999, 58 per DH London cent of those reporting heroin said that they injected . Table 53

n In 1999/00, of the individuals who had injected in the previous month, 34 per cent reported that ISD Scotland they had shared their injecting equipment in the previous month, a slight increase from last year Chart 20 (33 per cent).

Information from hospitals

n In 1999/00, the largest group of general acute hospital admissions for drug misuse related to opiate ISD Scotland use. In some 42 per cent of all general acute admissions for drug misuse, opioids are specifically Table 56 identified, but the true figure may be even higher as some of the patients recorded as multiple/ other psychoactive substances may use opioids.

n The incidence rates for general acute drug misuse admissions is higher among people living in ISD Scotland relatively deprived areas and markedly greater for people from the most deprived areas. Chart 21

n Between 1993/94 and 1998/99 there has been an increase in the number of admissions to ISD Scotland psychiatric hospitals involving drugs misuse, although improved recording may be responsible in Table 58 part.

n In 1998/99, of a total of 55 537 maternities (pregnancies which result in a live or stillbirth) ISD Scotland recorded, there were 197 cases where the mother had a diagnosis of drug misuse. Drug misuse is Table 65 believed to be under-recorded and this figure will be an under-estimate.

2 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish DrugScottish Misuse Drug Information Misuse Database Strategy

Source Selected points continued

Information from general practice n Information from a sample of general practices shows that a higher proportion of patients ISD Scotland diagnosed as drug misusers were also diagnosed with depression and anxiety than patients not Chart 22 diagnosed as drug misusers. n Drug misusing males are more likely to have been diagnosed for alcohol problems (9.3 per cent) ISD Scotland than males attending with no drug misuse diagnosis (1.6 per cent). Table 69 n In general, women attend more commonly at their general practitioner, and tend to consult more ISD Scotland frequently for specific conditions, particularly anxiety and depression. Chapter 7

HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection n During 1999, 386 cases of Hepatitis B infection were reported to SCIEH. This figure compares SCIEH with 191, 215 and 295 for the previous three years. One hundred and fifteen (30 per cent) of the Table 71 reports mentioned injecting drug use as the patients principal risk factor, but it is likely that the majority of the cases acquired their infection through injecting practices. n As of 31 December 1999, there were 1 224 reports of HIV infection as a result of injecting drug SCIEH use. Injecting drug users made up 40 per cent of all HIV infected reports. Table 72 n A large proportion of infected injectors are discovering they are HIV positive at a late stage of their SCIEH HIV disease progression. Table 79 n Of the 8 075 known cases of Hepatitis C Virus in Scotland, 4 307 (53 per cent) of these have SCIEH Injecting Drug User as the probable route of transmission. It is thought likely that a further 3 080 Table 81 (38 per cent) cases with an unknown cause of transmission will also include a high proportion of injecting drug users. These figures almost certainly underestimate the true extent of the problem. n A total of 8 075 cases of Hepatitis C positivity were known as of 31 December 1998; 86 per cent SCIEH of these were aged between 15 and 44, and 11 per cent were aged 45 and over. Table 82

Prescription statistics n The rate of prescribing methadone mixture has increased steadily over the last four years. In ISD Scotland 1999/00, there were 47 prescriptions of methadone mixture per 1 000 population; this compares Table 85 to 39 prescriptions per 1 000 population in 1998/99 and 30 prescriptions per 1 000 population in 1996/97. n Eighty-seven per cent of the total number of methadone prescriptions dispensed in 1999/00 were ISD Scotland dispensed in instalments (e.g. in daily doses). Daily dispensing was introduced to combat non- Table 86 prescribed use of methadone. n Comparing 1999/00 with 1998/99 data, it can be seen that just over half the health boards showed ISD Scotland an increase in percentage of instalment prescriptions compared to single dispensings. Dumfries Tables 86 & 87 & Galloway, Highland, Lanarkshire and Shetland health boards showed a marked shift towards instalment dispensing.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 3 ScottishScottish DrugDrug MisuseMisuse DatabaseInformation Strategy

Source Selected points continued

Seizures and offences

n Between 1996 and 1998, there was a 28 per cent increase in seizures of controlled drugs by police Home Office forces in Scotland. Strathclyde police force were responsible for 57 per cent of all seizures made Table 88 by police forces in Scotland in 1998.

n In 1999, there were a total of 31 870 drug-related offences recorded by Scottish police forces. This SE Justice Dept. compares with 29 386 in 1997, an increase of 8 per cent. Table 91

n The 31 870 drug-related offences recorded by Scottish police forces relates to a rate of 623 per SE Justice Dept. 100,000 population. The largest proportion of drug-related offences recorded were in Glasgow Table 91 City council area, at a rate of 1 274 per 100 000 population, followed by Aberdeen City with a rate of 760 per 100 000 population.

n In 1998, 6 918 people were convicted in Scottish courts of drug offences (i.e. where main SE Justice Dept. offence). Of these, 5 291 (76 per cent) were charged with possession and 1 529 (22 per cent) Table 93 possession with intent to supply.

Drug misuse in Scottish prisons

n During 1999/00, a total of 282 urine samples were taken from prisoners at the point of entry to the SPS prison system. Seventy -five per cent of these samples tested positive, compared to 73 per cent in Table 97 1998/99. The most commonly detected drugs, as a percentage of all tests taken, were cannabis (55 per cent), benzodiazepines (42 per cent) and opiates (34 per cent).

n Each month, 10 per cent of the population in each prison in Scotland is randomly selected for a SPS urine drug test. In 1999/00, 22 per cent of all tests gave a positive result, compared with 25 per Table 98 cent the previous year. Comparable figures based on the underlying rate (excluding those who may have used the drugs for which they tested positive, before entry to prison) were 15 and 18 per cent respectively.

Drug-related deaths in Scotland

n The total number of drug-related deaths has risen by 23 per cent between 1998 and 1999 - from GRO Scotland 276 to 340. As in previous years, the majority of drug-related deaths (92 per cent) were of persons Tables 101 & aged under 45, with almost two-thirds (65 per cent) aged between 25 and 44 and over a third aged 103 under 25.

n Heroin/morphine was involved in 48 per cent of the deaths analysed in this report. Diazepam was GRO Scotland involved in 40 per cent of the deaths and methadone was involved in 18 per cent. Table 104

Drug education in schools

n In 1999/00, all secondary schools which responded to the first annual survey on drug education SE Education in schools, said that they provided drug education while 96 and 75 per cent of responding primary Dept. and special schools, respectively, said they did so. Table 105

n Just over half of local authority schools have written procedures for managing incidents of drug SE Education misuse which are in line with current national advice, while just over a third of other schools have Dept. such procedures. Table 109

4 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

chapter 2 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

About the Scottish Drug Misuse Database The Scottish Drug Misuse Database offers a profile of the misuse of drugs, based on anonymous information about new problem drug users (see Definitions, Annex 1, page 75) seen at a broad range of services across Scotland. Services contributing to the Database consist mainly of specialist drug services (statutory and non-statutory) and general practitioners. Annex 2, page 76, contains a list of the specialist drug services contributing to the Database during the period covered by this publication (1 April 1999 - 31 March 2000). Annex 3, pages 77 and 78, presents copies of the data collection forms (SMR22 and SMR23).

About this publication New to this edition of Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 is a selection of 5 year Scotland trend tables from the Database (Tables 1 to 14). Also included are tables based both on the location of the agency or practice providing the service (Tables 15 - 33) and, based on the area of residence of the patients/clients attending services (Tables 34 - 52). The method used to derive area of residence is described in Annex 4, page 79 .

Understanding the data In the Database analyses, individuals have been included only once within each health board or council area. Where data are presented at a Scotland level individuals are also counted only once in the tables. It is also important to note that in the year 1999/00, data were received for the first time from the Ayrshire Common Database. Annex 5, page 80, presents details of the number of records returned. The inclusion of the Ayrshire data accounts for just over half of the increase in the numbers from 1998/99. Caution is therefore recommended when comparing numbers from previous years. In order to provide the most up to date information from the Database, the figures for 1997/98 and 1998/99 have been revised. Further details on the basis of the Database figures and their limitations are given in Annex 6 (page 82). Advice on the validity of any comparison can be obtained from ISD.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 5 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

Acknowledgements The cooperation and assistance of the staff at all services contributing to the Scottish Drug Misuse Database are gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are also given to the organisations supplying the additional information presented in this publication. Thanks are also given to Marion Hall and Isy MacEachern for their efforts in dealing with data entry, and to Kathryn Middleditch and Graham Lockhart for their help in producing this publication.

Contact Elaine Parry (Senior Information Analyst) 0131 551 8715.

6 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

Data from the Scottish Drug Misuse Database

The commentary below provides a Scotland-level perspective on problem drug use, based on information reported to the Scottish Drug Misuse Database. More detailed statistics, including analyses by health board and council area in which services are located, are presented in Tables 15 to 33 at the end of this section. Tables 34 to 52 presents analyses by health board and council area in which the patient/client is resident at time of attendance.

Summary The information in this section relates to new patients/clients seen at reporting services between 1 April 1999 and 31 March 2000. In total, information was received on 13 393 new attendances at services during 1999/00. Details of these contacts are shown in Tables 1, 2, 3, 15 and 34. Some contacts are by individuals who attended more than one service during the period and the matching criteria, described in Annex 6, are employed to determine the first contact at any service within the period for each individual. It is estimated that 11 123 new individual patients/ clients were reported in the period. The remaining tables are based on information obtained at the first contact in the year at any service from each individual drug misuser. Information on penal establishment inmates, i.e. data from prisons and data from agencies reporting individuals seen in prison, have been excluded from the tables and charts below in part to ensure the comparability of information between health boards/local council area and in part due to incomplete data. Information about these contacts is available on request.

New attendances at different services Table 1 presents the number of new attendances at services reported to the Database for the years 1995/96 to 1999/00. Table 2 presents data on the number of forms returned each year from each area based on where the service is located. Table 3 presents similar information based on the area of residence of the individual. As highlighted earlier, it is important to note that in 1999/00, data were received for the first time from the Ayrshire Common Database (1 136 valid records) and this will explain much of the increase in the overall numbers from 1998/99 to 1999/00. Annex 5 (page 80) includes further details regarding the returns from Ayrshire. Table 15 presents data for the current year according to the service type returning the forms and by the health board and local council area in which the service is located. Table 34 presents similar information by area of residence. A summary is shown in Charts 1 and 2 below.

Source of data, by type of service 1999/00 chart 1 Specialist Drug Service 73% N = 13 393 n Seventy-three per cent of the reports received by the Database are from non-residential drug services (statutory and non-statutory). n The percentage of reports received from General General Practitioners has fallen from 17 per cent in 1998/ Practice 99 to 13 per cent in 1999/00. 13% ‘Other’ comprises: % Needle Penal estab 1.3 Other Exchange 6% Outpatient 3.2 8% Residential rehab 3.1 Social work 0.3

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 7 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

Source of data by health board and council area (treatment and residence) 1999/00 chart 2

n Reports received from services in Greater n Slight differences between returns by area of Glasgow Health Board account for 27 per cent of treatment and area of residence become the total. apparent when comparing Tables 2 and 3. The n Nearly one in five of the reports (19 per cent) information highlights that areas such as were received from services in Lothian. Services Edinburgh and Aberdeen in particular are in Argyll and Clyde, Ayrshire and Arran and treating individuals resident outwith their area. Grampian Health Board areas accounted for 11 per cent, 11 per cent and 13 per cent of the total respectively.

N= 13 393

health board of treatment health board of residence

Other Other 9% 9% Tayside Greater Lanarkshire 5% Glasgow 4% Greater 27% Glasgow Lanarkshire 29% 6% Tayside 5%

Ayshire & Ayshire & Arran Arran 11% 11%

Argyll & Clyde Argyll & Lothian 11% Lothian Clyde 19% 19% 11% Grampian Grampian 13% 13%

‘Other’ includes: ‘Other’ includes: % % Fife 3.3 Fife 3.6 Forth Valley 2.2 Forth Valley 2.4 Dumfries & Galloway 1.6 Dumfries & Galloway 1.6 Highland 1.0 Highland 1.0 Borders 0.7 Borders 0.6 Island Boards 0.2 Island Boards 0.3 Outside Scotland 0.1

council area of treatment council area of residence

Other 19% Glasgow City Other 26% Glasgow 25% City 25% Fife 3% Inverclyde 3% Dundee City 4% Lanarkshire North 3% Inverclyde 3% Ayrshire North 4% Edinburgh Edinburgh City Dundee City 3% City Renfrewshire 5% 16% Ayrshire East 3% 13% Lanarkshire Renfrewshire 4% Aberdeen North 5% Aberdeen Fife 4% Ayr- City Ayrshire City 10% shire 9% East 5% North 5%

‘Other’ includes: ‘Other’ includes: % % %% Dunbartonshire West 2.3 Highland 1.0 Aberdeenshire 2.7 Highland 1.0 Aberdeenshire 1.9 Dunbartonshire East 0.8 Dunbartonshire West 2.6 Renfrewshire East 0.9 Ayrshire South 1.8 Borders 0.7 Lanarkshire South 2.5 Stirling 0.8 Dumfries & Galloway 1.6 Falkirk 0.7 Lothian West 2.3 Borders 0.6 Lanarkshire South 1.6 Moray 0.6 Ayrshire South 2.2 Moray 0.6 Stirling 1.5 Lothian East 0.4 Dumfries & Galloway 1.6 Angus 0.5 Argyll & Bute 1.2 Island Councils 0.2 Midlothian 1.5 Clackmannanshire 0.4 Lothian West 1.2 Perth & Kinross 0.2 Midlothian 1.1 Other Councils 0.1 Lothian East 1.3 Argyll & Bute 0.4 Dunbartonshire East 1.2 Island Councils 0.3 Falkirk 1.2 Outside Scotland 0.1 Perth & Kinross 1.1

8 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

Age and gender characteristics Trends in the age and gender characteristics for the period 1995/96 and 1999/00 are shown in Table 4. Tables 16, 17 and 18 present the age groups and gender of the new individual patients/clients seen in 1999/00 by treatment area. Tables 35, 36 and 37 presents this information by area of residence. A summary of the trends are shown in Charts 3 and 4 below.

Year N 95/96 7 694 Age profile 1995/96-1999/00 r 96/97 8 644 chart 3 97/98 8 852 98/99 9 745 99/00 11 123 n As reported to the Database in previous years, 35

the most common age group in 1999/00, 30 accounting for 29 per cent, is 20-24 years; the 25-29 age group accounts for a further 28 per 25 cent. 20

n Thirteen per cent of individuals reported to the 15

Database are under 20 years of age. A decline % of individuals 10 in the percentage since 1997/98. 5 n New individuals aged 30 years and over have risen as a porportion of all patients/clients 0 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 seen, and in absolute numbers. under 20 years 20-24 years 25-29 years 30 years and over

r Data for years 97/98-98/99 are revised.

Year N 95/96 7 694 Gender profile 1995/96 -1999/00 r 96/97 8 644 chart 4 97/98 8 852 98/99 9 745 n The overall gender profile of individuals 99/00 11 123 attending services and reported to the Database 80 has been consistent over each of the last five 70 years. In 1999/00, 67 per cent were male and 60 33 per cent were female. 50

30 % of individuals

0 r Data for years 97/98-98/99 are revised. 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 Males Females

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 9 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

Ethnic origin Tables 19 and 38 present information about the ethnic origin of the patients/clients attending services. Of the 10 612 individuals whose ethnic origin was recorded in 1999/00, less than 1 per cent (17 individuals) were from an ethnic minority.

Contact information

Source of referral to the reporting agency Information on the source of referral for each patient/client is presented in Tables 20 and 39. A Scotland level summary is shown below.

N = 10 745 Source of referral 1999/00 chart 5 Other 12% General Family/Friend 3% Practice n In 1999/00, of the 10 745 individuals whose 42% source of referral was reported, 42 per cent were Social Work Services 5% referred to the reporting agency by a general practitioner. A similar proportion (38 per cent) were self referrals. Other includes: % Psychiatrist/mental health Self services 2.9 38% Social work offender services 2.9 Specialist drug services 2.4 Other 3.6

Location of initial contact and initial assessment Agency staff may make initial contact with drug users in a variety of settings, not always at the agency itself. Information on the locations where the initial contacts and assessments are made, providing a snapshot into the way services for drug users are delivered, is presented in Tables 21 and 22 (40 and 41 for area of residence). This information is obtained from non-medical (SMR23) forms only. In 1999/00, of the 5 823 individuals where this information was provided, 64 per cent of initial contacts were made in person at the agency itself. Seventeen per cent of initial contacts were made over the telephone (Table 21). Three quarters of the initial assessments were carried out at the agency. Eight per cent of the initial assessments were carried out in the home of the patient/client, mainly in the more rural areas of Scotland (Table 22).

10 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

Social information The personal circumstances of the drug user seeking treatment or advice from services can influence the individuals motivation for seeking help and the extent to which the service can contribute to a change in drug taking behaviour. Information on employment status, current living arrangements and whether the individual has a current or previous legal situation are each potentially relevant factors and are collected by the Database.

Employment status A detailed breakdown of information about employment status is presented in Tables 5, 23 and 42. A summary is shown in Chart 6 below.

N = 10 676 Employment status 1999/00 chart 6

n In 1999/00, of the 10 676 individuals whose employment Other Never status was recorded, 13 per cent were in paid employment. Employed 4% employed 13% 14% n In total, 84 per cent reported that they were currently unemployed - a proportion similar to that reported in Unemployed previous years. Of these, 18 per cent of the 10 676 (less than individuals had been unemployed for less than one year, 1 year) 52 per cent for one year or longer and 14 per cent had 18% never been employed. n There has been little change in the employment profile of ‘Other’ includes: % individuals reported to the Database over the previous Unemployed (1 year or more) Student 2.0 five years (Table 5). Other 1.6 52%

Living situation Information about patients/clients current living situation, including whether the individual has dependent children, is presented in Tables 6, 24 and 43. A summary of the living situation 1999/00 is presented in Chart 7 below.

N = 10 700 Living situation 1999/00 chart 7 Other 16% Parents n In 1999/00, of the 10 700 individuals whose living 30% situation was recorded, 30 per cent were living with their parents, 28 per cent with a spouse/partner and 26 per cent were living alone. Alone 26% ‘Other’ includes: n Nearly one in five (19 per cent) were living with dependent % children (Table 24b). Other persons 7.7 No fixed abode 3.3 n Three per cent of individuals reported that they had no Spouse/ Other 3.0 Residential rehab. 1.6 partner fixed abode. Spouse/partner 28% and parents 0.7

Legal situation Information regarding the legal situation of individuals is presented in Tables 25 and 44. A summary is shown in Chart 8 below.

Other N = 9 898 Legal situation 1999/00 On probation 8% chart 8 6% Trial pending- n Of the 9 898 individuals who reported their legal situation, on bail None 10% nearly two in every five (39 per cent) had or may have 61% commited an offence giving rise to a legal situation. Pending ‘Other’ includes: n Fifteen per cent had pending cases; 10 per cent were on cases % bail with a trial pending. 15% Awaiting sentence - on bail 1.7 Outstanding fines 1.3 Deferred sentence 1.2 Community service 1.1 Other 2.4

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 11 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

Age at onset of problem drug use and when help first sought Table 7 presents data for the period 1995/96 to 1999/00 on the age at onset of problem drug use. Tables 26 and 27 (45 and 46 residence tables) present information for the current year on the age of individuals at the onset of their problem drug use and on the time period between the development of that problem and when they first sought help. A Scotland level summary is shown in Charts 9 and 10 below.

N = 8 402 35 years Age at onset of problem drug use 1999/00 30-34 years and over

chart 9 4% 2% Under 15 years 25-29 years 16% n Nearly two thirds (63 per cent) of individuals 10% reported that they were aged under 20 years when their drug use became a problem. 20-24 years n Sixteen per cent of individuals reported that 22% they were under 15 years of age when their drug use became a problem. 15-19 years 47%

Time from onset until help first sought 1999/00 N = 7 789

chart 10 9 years and over Less than 1 year 14% 16% n One third of individuals (33 per cent) reported 7-8 years that they first sought help over five years after 7% their drug taking became a problem. 5-6 years n Sixteen per cent of individuals reported that 12% they first sought help within a year of its onset. 1-2 years 33%

3-4 years 19%

Intention to prescribe Doctors are asked to record on form SMR22 information regarding their intentions to prescribe to the individual patient (Tables 28 and 47). In 1999/00, just over sixty per cent of individuals reported by a doctor (their GP or a specialist) were either currently on a prescription or the doctor reported that they intended to prescribe (63 per cent). It should be noted that in many cases, the SMR22 form may be completed before the doctor has made a decision as to the treatment to be offered to their patient. This is reflected in 31 per cent of reports to the Database where the doctor had not yet made a decision as to whether to prescribe or not. Only six per cent of reports indicated that the doctor had no intention to prescribe.

12 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

Types of drug misused The Database collects a range of details about the particular drugs which the patients/clients are using, or where the patients/clients had stopped using drugs at the time of contact, the drugs which had previously been misused. Agencies are requested to report the use of all relevant drugs including those prescribed to clients as part of a treatment regime for addiction and being consumed as instructed by the prescriber. Where a patient/client indicates that they have a problem with more than one drug, agencies are asked to identify and record one of the drugs as the main drug of misuse (see Definitions, Annex 1, page 75). The report below describes separately information on the main drug of misuse and information about all the drugs (i.e. main and secondary) which individuals were reported to be using. Methadone, dihydrocodeine, diazepam and temazepam, four drugs which are quite commonly used as part of treatment regimes, have been categorised into cases where these drugs have been prescribed for the personal use of the patient/client, or cases where at least some of the drug had been obtained illicitly (or where the source is unknown).

Main drug reported Table 8 presents trend information on the main drug reported for the years 1995/96 to 1999/00. Table 29 (and 48 residence table) presents the range of main drugs reported to the Scottish Drug Misuse Database by area. A summary for 1999/00 and trends for selected drugs are presented in Chart 11 and 12 below.

Main drug used 1999/00 N = 11 123

chart 11

Other drugs 1 n At Scotland level, heroin predominates as the main drug 13% of misuse among new patients/clients reported to the Database, accounting for over a half (54 per cent) of Selected drugs - other reports. 13% Heroin n Individuals using methadone, dihydrocodeine, diazepam 54% or temazepam which had been prescribed as part of a treatment regime, accounted for one in five (20 per cent) of reports. Selected drugs - prescribed 20% ‘Selected drugs - prescribed’ includes: ‘Selected drugs - other’ includes:

Methadone 15.0% Methadone 4.2% Dihydrocodeine 2.8% Dihydrocodeine 4.0% Diazepam 2.3% Diazepam 4.0% Temazepam 0.1% Temazepam 0.4% 1 Includes some other drugs which may have been prescribed

Trends in main drug used 1995/96 - 1999/00 r Year N chart 12 95/96 7 694 96/97 8 644 n Heroin maintains its position as the principal 97/98 8 852 98/99 9 745 main drug reported to services during 1999/00, 99/00 11 123 with a small year on year rise in the proportion reporting its use - from 53 per cent in 1998/99 to 60 Prescribed for 54 per cent in 1999/00. patient’s/client’s own use 50 n In recent years, the main drug profile of those Obtained by other means individuals reported to the Database has 40 remained fairly stable. 30 n Use of temazepam as main drug by individuals

seen at services has markedly fallen in recent % of individuals 20 years to fewer than one in a hundred reports, although it has a larger presence when all drugs 10 reported are considered (see Chart 15). 0 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 0096 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 HeroinMethadone Dihydrocodeine Temazepam Diazepam

r Data for years 97/98- 98/99 are revised.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 13 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

Main drug by age group Table 9 presents trends in selected main drug reported by each age group. Chart 13 below presents, for three age groups, trends in the percentage reporting specific main drugs used.

Trends in main drug used, by age group 1995/96 - 1999/00 chart 13 Under 20 years

60 n As in previous years, heroin has been the Year N most commonly reported main drug in each 50 95/96 1 170 96/97 1 318 of the age groups over the five year period 97/98 1 336 shown. 40 98/99 1 421 99/00 1 477

n The charts also show that the substantial 30 increase in heroin reports between 1995/96 and 1999/00 affects all age groups but is % of individuals 20

particularly marked in the under 20 year 10 olds - 58 per cent reported heroin as their main drug in 1999/00 i.e. double the 0 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 0096 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 proportion of reports in 1995/96. HeroinMethadone Dihydrocodeine Temazepam Diazepam n In 1999/00, the proportion of new individuals seen at services using methadone prescribed for their own use as their main drug is four 20-29 years

per cent in the under 20s, 14 per cent in the 60 20-29 age group and 21 per cent in the over Year N 50 95/96 4 582 30s. 96/97 5 274 97/98 5 247 40 60 98/99 5 577 99/00 6 333

30 50

% of individuals 20 40

30 10

20 0 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 0096 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 Heroin10 Methadone Dihydrocodeine Temazepam Diazepam

30 years and over

6060 Year N

5050 95/96 1 942 96/97 2 052 97/98 2 269 4040 98/99 2 747 99/00 3 313

3030

% of individuals 2020

1010 Prescribed for patient’s/client’s own use

Obtained by other means 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 r Data for years 97/98- 98/99 are revised. Heroin Methadone Dihydrocodeine Temazepam Diazepam

14 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

All drugs reported It is common for problem drug users seen at services to report consumption of more than one type of drug and agencies returning to the Database are encouraged to obtain and record details of all relevant drugs. Information on all drugs reported to the Database is presented in Tables 10 (trends), 30 and 49. A summary of all drugs reported in 1999/00, ordered by the number of times these drugs were recorded, is shown in Chart 14. The chart also highlights whether the drug was reported as the main drug or as a secondary drug.

N = 11 123 All and main drugs 1999/00 % of drug reported chart 14 as the main drug of misuse

Heroin 83% Diazepam - other 13% Cannabis 16% Methadone - prescribed only 78% Dihydrocodeine - other 28% Diazepam - prescribed only 19% Alcohol 0% Methadone - other 42% Amphetamines 42% Temazepam - other 6% Dihydrocodeine - prescribed only 43% Other Benzodiazepines 12% Ecstasy 17% Cocaine 22% Other Drugs 26% Other Sedatives 4% Temazepam - prescribed only 12% Other Opiates Darker shading indicates number reported as main drug 33% Morphine 19% Buprenorphine 38% Solvents 54% Dipipanone 25% Hallucinogens 5%

0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 7 000 8 000 Number of individual misusers n In 1999/00, heroin is by far the most frequently n The importance of other drugs becomes more apparent reported drug overall with 7 222 reports of its when all drugs reported are considered; for example, use by individuals seen at services. only 47 of the 824 reports (six per cent) of non- prescribed temazepam were reported as the main Note: Alcohol is only recorded as a secondary drug. drug.

Trend information on all drugs reported for the years 1995/96 to 1999/00 is presented in Table 10. Chart 15 below shows trend information for selected drugs.

Trends in all drugs of misuse 1995/96 - 1999/00 r chart 15 Year N n Sixty-five per cent of individuals 95/96 7 694 reported use of heroin as their main 96/97 8 644 97/98 8 852 or secondary drug in 1999/00, 98/99 9 745 compared to 63 per cent in 1998/99 99/00 11 123 and around 45 per cent in the mid 80 1990s. 70 Prescribed for patient’s/client’s own use n Reports of temazepam use have Obtained by other means declined sharply since prescribing 60 restrictions were introduced in 50 1995. In 1999/00, eight per cent of individuals reported any use of 40 temazepam (i.e. prescribed or non- prescribed) compared with 35 per % of individuals 30

cent in 1995/96. 20 n The proportion reporting use of non-prescribed diazepam has 10

increased each year, with 30 per 0 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 cent of individuals reporting use of Heroin Methadone Dihydrocodeine Temazepam Diazepam the drug without prescription in 1999/00, nearly double the proportion in 1995/96 (17 per cent). r Data for years 97/98 -98/99 are revised.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 15 Scottish Drug Misuse Database Injecting and sharing behaviour

Injecting status Information on current and past injecting behaviour is reported to the Database. Trend information for years 1995/96 to 1999/00 is presented in Table 11. Details for 1999/00 for each area are shown in Table 31 (and 50, residence tables). A summary of the trends in injecting behaviour are presented in Chart 16 (all ages) and Chart 17 (by age group) below. It should be noted that information on injecting behaviour has been produced for the first time excluding data from needle exchanges. In particular, this effects information from the Lothian and Grampian Health Board areas (and appropriate local authority areas). Annex 5 (page 80), presents an overview of the difference which the data from needle exchanges makes to the overall current injecting and sharing rates.

50 Injecting status 1995/96 - 1999/00 r 45 chart 16 40 50 Year N 35 45 95/96 7 395 n The proportion of individuals seen at services 96/97 8 340 40 reporting that they had injected in the previous 30 97/98 8 554 35 98/99 8 909 month continues to increase year on year. In 25 99/00 9 812 1999/00 this figure was 39 per cent compared 20 30 25 with 33 per cent in 1995/96. 15 20

10% of individuals n The percentage of individuals who reported 15 that they had never injected drugs continues to 5 10 fall from 43 per cent in 1998/99 to 40 per cent 0 5 in 1999/00. 0 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 Injected in previous Injected in past - but Has never injected r Data for years 97/98-98/99 are revised. month not in previous month

Injecting status, by age group 1995/96 - 1999/00 r chart 17 Under 20 years n About 33 per cent of individuals aged 80 Year N 70 95/96 1 111 under 20 years of age, 46 per cent of 96/97 1 287 60 97/98 1 303 20-29 year olds and 36 per cent of 98/99 1 302 those aged 30 years and over, reported 50 99/00 1 263 that they had injected in the previous 40 month. 30 % of individuals 20

n The most marked change in the 10

proportion of reports where the 0 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 individuals injected in the previous Injected in previous Injected in past - but Has never injected month, was apparent in the under 20s month not in previous month age band. 20-29 years 80 Year N 70 95/96 4 425 96/97 5 082 60 97/98 5 074 50 98/99 5 393 99/00 6 009 40

% of individuals 20

0 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 Injected in previous Injected in past - but Has never injected month not in previous month

30 years and over 80 Year N 70 95/96 1 859 96/97 1 971 60 97/98 2 177 50 98/99 2 527 99/00 2 959 40

30 % of individuals 20

0 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 r Data for years 97/98-98/99 are revised. Injected in previous Injected in past - but Has never injected month not in previous month

16 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

The Database also seeks to provide an indication of the age when the individual first started injecting drugs (Tables 12, 32 and 51). This information is based on the recollection of the patients/clients who in many cases may have been using and injecting drugs for several years; it is not possible to ascertain how accurate these individual responses might be.

Age first injected 1999/00 N = 3 195 chart 18

30 years n Forty per cent of those who had injected in the Under 15 years and over 3% previous month reported that they began injecting 8%

drugs in their mid to late teens. 25-29 years 16% n Three per cent said they were under 15 years of age when they began injecting.

15-19 years 40%

20-24 years 34%

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 17 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

Route of use for heroin reports As noted earlier, heroin is frequently reported as the main drug being used. One of the characteristics of misuse of this drug is the variety of routes of consumption. Table 13 presents details on the routes of consumption by age group, based on reports to the Database. Injecting and smoking the drug are the two routes most commonly reported and a summary by age group is presented in Chart 19 below.

Route of use of heroin, by age group 1995/96 - 1999/00 r chart 19

Under 20 years n Injecting is the main route of use Year N 8080 95/96 385 recorded in the majority of reports where 96/97 678 heroin is mentioned. 7070 87/98 781 98/99 892 6060 n Reports from individuals aged under 99/00 855 5050 20 years show that the proportion 40 reporting that they were injecting heroin 40 30 has increased from 50 per cent in % of individuals 30 1998/99 to 53 per cent in 1999/00. 2020 1010

00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 Inject Smoke

20-29 years Year N 80 95/96 2 123 96/97 2 974 70 97/98 3 136 60 98/99 3 584 99/00 4 087 50

30 % of individuals 20

0 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 Inject Smoke

30 years and over Year N 80 95/96 738 96/97 968 70 97/98 1 084 60 98/99 1 419 99/00 1 695 50

30 % of individuals

0 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 r Data for years 97/98-98/99 are revised. Inject Smoke

18 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database

Sharing status The risks to health through the spread of major infectious disease where people share injecting equipment are well documented (see Chapter 8, page 107). The presentation of drug users at services provides an opportunity to gain an insight into current practices among a section of injecting drug users, and provides systematically collected information for monitoring trends. Agency staff are asked to report to the Database, details on the patients/clients current and past sharing behaviour. It is believed that in some cases patients/clients may be reticent when asked to reveal whether they share equipment and for this reason the percentage shown is likely to be an underestimate of the true picture.

In 1999/00 complete information was received from 2 944 of the 3 861 patients/clients who said they had injected in the previous month (Tables 14, 33 and 52).

Sharing status 1995/96 - 1999/00 r chart 20

Year N 50 n In 1999/00, of the individuals who 95/96 1 945 had injected in the previous 96/97 2 325 40 97/98 2 614 month, 34 per cent reported that 98/99 2 777 they had shared their injecting 99/00 2 944 30 equipment in the previous month

- a slight increase from previous 20 years. % of current injectors 10 n The proportion of individuals

reporting that they have never 0 shared injecting equipment has 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 96 97 98 99 00 Shared Shared in past - Has never shared remained at 40 per cent. in previous month but not in previous month

r Data for years 97/98-98/99 are revised.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 19 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

Tables from the Scottish Drug Misuse Database

Selected Scotland trend tables (Tables 1 - 14) Information is presented at a Scotland level on trends in drug misuse from 1995/96 to 1999/00.

Scotland trend tables Analysis by area of treatment (Tables 15 - 33) Information is presented on the health board and council area based on the location of the agency or practice providing the service. These are an update of the tables presented in previous years' publications.

This information provides an insight into the characteristics of the patients/clients seen by services located within a specified area.

Analysis by area of residence (Tables 34 - 52) Information is presented on the health board and council area based on the area of residence of the patients/clients attending services.

This provides details of the characteristics of patients/clients resident within each area, irrespective of where they are seen by a service.

20 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

1 Type of service returning forms 1 : 1995/96 - 1999/00

ALL VALID FORMS

r r 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

All services (n=100%) 9 178 10 085 10 313 11 317 13 393 percentage Penal Establishments 2 2 - 1 - 1 General Practice 23 22 18 17 13 Police Surgeon ----- Specialist Drug Services 3 67 70 75 72 73 Needle Exchange ---56 Outpatient 3 2 3 2 3 Inpatient ----- Residential Rehabilitation 3 4 2 2 3 Other 4 2 1 1 1 - 1 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in 3 Includes non-residential, statutory and non-statutory specialist drug services. Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for 4 Includes social work services, social work offender services. Scotland trend tables more details. r Revised. 2 Prisons and young offender institutions. The numbers relate to forms || Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%. returned directly by penal establishments. Information about prisoners may Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database. also be reported by specialist drug agencies, etc.

2 Forms received 1 : 1995/96 - 1999/00 health board and council area in which service is located

ALL VALID FORMS

1995/96 1996/97 1997/98r 1998/99r 1999/00

Scotland 2 9 178 10 085 10 313 11 317 13 393 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 873 1 161 1 580 1 669 1 505 Ayrshire & Arran 2 196 307 355 132 1 444 Borders 44 56 28 80 99 Dumfries & Galloway 149 166 169 243 214 Fife 253 437 400 405 441 ForthValley 228 180 168 346 299 Grampian 846 1 049 1 184 1 472 1 692 Greater Glasgow 3 620 3 728 3 317 3 211 3 588 Highland 63 61 61 81 132 Lanarkshire 373 371 399 619 783 Lothian 2 250 2 367 2 235 2 423 2 552 Tayside 256 172 369 606 611 Island Boards 3 27 30 48 30 33 by council area

Aberdeen City 746 817 968 1 253 1 369 Aberdeenshire 51 157 153 153 248 Argyll & Bute 66 107 22 10 164 Ayrshire East 2 75 143 124 59 701 Ayrshire North 2 31 106 167 20 506 Ayrshire South 2 90 58 64 53 237 Borders 44 56 28 80 99 Dumfries & Galloway 150 166 169 243 214 Dunbartonshire East 34 22 19 24 109 Dunbartonshire West 240 214 355 397 308 Dundee City 239 152 342 575 587 Edinburgh City 1 985 2 066 1 928 2 045 2 192 Falkirk 153 168 156 344 96 Fife 253 437 400 405 441 Glasgow City 3 517 3 640 3 194 3 029 3 332 Highland 63 61 61 81 132 Inverclyde 302 465 472 468 459 Lanarkshire North 323 332 365 542 658 Lanarkshire South 113 89 124 164 213 Lothian East 53 42 54 41 51 Lothian West 128 133 125 154 162 Midlothian 84 126 128 181 147 Moray 49 75 63 66 75 Perth & Kinross 13 17 27 29 24 Renfrewshire 269 388 734 860 623 Stirling 66 5 5 - 196 Island Councils 4 27 30 48 30 33 Other Councils 5 14 13 18 11 17

1 Excludes forms from penal establishments. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in 5 Other councils includes : Clackmananshire and East Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for Renfrewshire. more details. r Revised. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 21 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

3 Forms received 1 : 1995/96 - 1999/00 health board and council area of residence

ALL VALID FORMS

r r 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

Scotland 2 9 178 10 085 10 313 11 317 13 393

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 856 1 098 1 600 1 690 1 430 Ayrshire & Arran 2 215 311 372 164 1 456 Borders 48 58 24 82 81 Dumfries & Galloway 142 165 171 246 214 Fife 260 454 414 439 476 ForthValley 180 185 178 365 318 Grampian 854 1 058 1 190 1 484 1 693 Greater Glasgow 3 675 3 751 3 271 3 259 3 846 Scotland trend tables Highland 62 65 64 83 132 Lanarkshire 366 397 389 487 601 Lothian 2 224 2 331 2 207 2 373 2 487 Tayside 262 178 378 612 615 Island Boards 3 27 29 51 30 36 Outside Scotland 75438

by council area

Aberdeen City 678 799 918 1 187 1 254 Aberdeenshire 120 183 213 228 363 Angus 39 29 52 81 69 Argyll & Bute 38 40 68 38 48 Ayrshire East 2 81 122 136 77 451 Ayrshire North 2 64 137 182 39 705 Ayrshire South 2 69 52 54 49 301 Borders 48 58 24 82 81 Clackmannanshire 39 52 60 78 54 Dumfries & Galloway 142 165 171 245 215 Dunbartonshire East 42 29 44 66 167 Dunbartonshire West 261 252 386 432 348 Dundee City 187 98 262 431 403 Edinburgh City 1 778 1 813 1 644 1 728 1 804 Falkirk 87 75 59 188 160 Fife 260 454 413 440 474 Glasgow City 3 455 3 508 2 956 2 892 3 405 Highland 62 65 63 83 132 Inverclyde 314 471 474 464 452 Lanarkshire North 285 332 333 362 421 Lanarkshire South 187 189 233 290 340 Lothian East 147 145 152 149 179 Lothian West 202 213 241 283 306 Midlothian 97 160 170 213 199 Moray 56 76 60 69 78 Perth & Kinross 36 51 64 100 144 Renfrewshire 231 343 632 757 571 Refrewshire East 85 82 134 134 121 Stirling 54 58 60 99 104 Island Councils 4 27 29 51 30 36 Outside Scotland 7 5 4 3 8

1 Excludes forms from penal establishments. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils.

r Revised.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

22 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

4 Age group and gender 1,2 : 1995/96 - 1999/00 percentage of individuals by gender and age group

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

r r 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

Males & females (n=100%) 7 694 8 644 8 852 9 745 11 123 percentage Under 15 years 1---- 15-19 years 15 15 15 14 13 20-24 years 32 33 32 31 29 25-29 years 27 28 28 26 28 30-34 years 15 14 16 17 17 35 years and over 10 9 10 11 12

Males (n=100%) 5 307 6 084 6 228 6 725 7 490 Scotland trend tables

Under 15 years 1---- 15-19 years 14 14 13 13 11 20-24 years 32 32 31 29 28 25-29 years 28 28 29 27 29 30-34 years 15 15 16 19 19 35 years and over 9 10 10 11 13

Females (n=100%) 2 387 2 560 2 624 3 020 3 633

Under 15 years 1 1 - - - 15-19 years 15 17 19 17 16 20-24 years 32 36 32 34 31 25-29 years 25 26 25 24 26 30-34 years 15 12 14 14 15 35 years and over 12 9 10 10 11

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

5 Employment status 1,2 : 1995/96 - 1999/00 percentage of individuals by employment status

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

r r 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

New Individual patients/clients 7 694 8 644 8 852 9 745 11 123

Information available (n=100%) 7 295 8 285 8 522 9 378 10 676 percentage

Never employed 19 17 16 15 14 Unemployed (1 year or longer) 53 52 53 52 52 Unemployed (less than a year) 13 16 16 17 18 Employed 3 12 12 13 14 13 Student 2 1 2 1 2 Other 4 1 1 1 1 2

1 All figures in this table excludes penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Employment includes training. 4 Other comprises: housewife/househusband/childcare, retired, invalid, and employed in black/grey economy. r Revised. || Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 23 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

6 Living situation 1,2 : 1995/96 - 1999/00 percentage of individuals by living situation NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

rr 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

New Individual patients/clients 7 694 8 644 8 852 9 745 11 123

Information available (n=100%) 7 314 8 263 8 543 9 415 10 700

percentage Lives alone 22 22 24 26 26 Lives with parents 33 32 31 31 30 Lives with spouse/partner 31 31 31 28 28 Lives with spouse/partner & parents 1 1 1 1 1 Lives with other persons 7 8 7 8 8 Lives in residential rehabilitation 1 1 1 - 2 No fixed abode 4 4 3 4 3 Scotland trend tables Other 3 2 2 2 2 3

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

7 Age at onset of problem drug use 1,2 : 1995/96 - 1999/00 percentage of individuals by age at onset

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS rr 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

New Individual patients/clients 7 694 8 644 8 852 9 745 11 123

Information available (n=100%) 3 184 3 633 3 973 4 753 5 600

percentage Under 15 years 15 15 15 14 16 15-19 years 52 50 49 47 47 20-24 years 21 22 23 23 22 25-29 years 8 8 9 10 10 30-34 years 3 3 3 4 4 25-39 years 1 1 1 1 1 40 years and over 1 - 1 1 1

r Revised.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

24 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

8 Main drug 1,2 : 1995/96 - 1999/00 percentage of individuals using each drug as their main drug of misuse

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

r r 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

New individual patients/clients 7 694 8 644 8 852 9 745 11 123 (n=100%) percentage Heroin 36 48 50 53 54 Morphine ----- Methadone - prescribed only 16 14 15 15 15 - other 3 6 5 5 4 4 Dihydrocodeine - prescribed only 5 4 4 3 3 3 - other 6 5 5 4 4 Scotland trend tables Dipipanone ----- Buprenorphine 211 - - Other Opiates -----

Diazepam - prescribed only 3 3 3 3 2 - other 3 3 4 5 4 4 Temazepam - prescribed only 1---- - other 3 6 2 1 1 - Other Benzodiazepines 1-- 1 1 Other Sedatives -----

Amphetamines 5 4 4 4 3 Cocaine --- 1 1 Ecstasy 1 1 1 1 1 Hallucinogens ----- Cannabis 5 4 4 5 5 Solvents 1 1---

Other drugs 1 1 1 1 1

No drug coded -----

1 All figures in this table excludes penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Includes cases where some or all of the drug mentioned was obtained illicitly or where the source is unknown. r Revised.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 25 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

9 Selected main drug 1,2,3 : 1995/96 - 1999/00 percentage of individuals using each drug as their main drug of misuse NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

rr 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

Under 20 years (Total) 1 170 1 318 1 336 1 421 1 477 percentage Heroin 29 49 55 58 58 Methadone - prescribed only 7 6 5 6 4 Methadone - other 4 6 5 5 4 3 Dihydrocodeine - prescribed only 2 2 1 1 2 Dihydrocodeine - other 4 5 4 4 4 4 Diazepam - prescribed only 2 3 2 1 1 Diazepam - other 4 6 7 6 6 5 Temazepam - prescribed only ----- Temazepam - other 4 12 4 1 1 1 Scotland trend tables 20 - 29 years (Total) 4 582 5 274 5 247 5 577 6 333

Heroin 40 51 53 56 58 Methadone - prescribed only 17 13 15 15 14 Methadone - other 4 6 6 5 4 4 Dihydrocodeine - prescribed only 4 4 3 3 2 Dihydrocodeine - other 4 6 6 5 4 4 Diazepam - prescribed only 3 3 3 3 2 Diazepam - other 4 3 4 5 4 4 Temazepam - prescribed only 1 - - - - Temazepam - other 4 6 3 1 1 -

30 years and over (Total) 1 942 2 052 2 269 2 747 3 313

Heroin 31 41 40 43 45 Methadone - prescribed only 20 19 20 20 21 Methadone - other 4 4 4 5 4 4 Dihydrocodeine - prescribed only 8 6 6 5 4 Dihydrocodeine - other 4 6 5 5 4 5 Diazepam - prescribed only 5 4 4 4 3 Diazepam - other 4 2 3 3 3 3 Temazepam - prescribed only 1 1 - - - Temazepam - other 4 3 1 1 - -

1 All figures in this table excludes penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 For the purposes of this analysis only selected main drugs are shown, therefore percentages will not add up to 100%. 4 Includes cases where some or all of the drug mentioned was obtained illicitly or where the source is unknown.

r Revised.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

26 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

10 All drugs 1,2,3 : 1995/96 - 1999/00 percentage of individuals using each drug

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

rr 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

New individual patients/clients 7 694 8 644 8 852 9 745 11 123 (n=100%)

percentage Heroin 44 56 59 63 65 Morphine 1 1 1 1 1 Methadone - prescribed only 20 18 19 19 19 - other 4 11 11 11 9 10 Dihydrocodeine - prescribed only 8 6 6 6 6 4

- other 14 13 14 15 15 Scotland trend tables Dipipanone 1 1 1 1 1 Buprenorphine 4 3 2 1 1 Other Opiates 1 1 1 1 1

Diazepam - prescribed only 15 14 15 14 12 - other 4 17 21 26 28 30 Temazepam - prescribed only 4 3 2 2 1 - other 4 31 22 11 12 7 Other Benzodiazepines 5 4 5 6 5 Other Sedatives 2 1 2 2 2

Amphetamines 12 12 12 11 8 Cocaine 2 2 2 3 4 Ecstasy 6 7 6 5 4 Hallucinogens 2 2 1 1 - Cannabis 27 28 29 30 28 Solvents 1 1 1 1 1 Alcohol 5 12 10 9 9 10 Other drugs 4 3 4 4 4

No drug coded -----

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 The total drugs reported is greater than the number of new individual patients/clients because individuals may have reported use of more than one drug. Therefore percentages may add up to more than 100%. 4 Includes cases where some or all of the drug mentioned was obtained illicitly or where the source is unknown. 5 Alcohol is reported only if it is used as as secondary drug. r Revised

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 27 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

11 Injecting 1,2,3 : 1995/96 - 1999/00 percentage of individuals by injecting status and age group

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

1995/96 1996/97 1997/98rr 1998/99 1999/00

All ages (Total) 7 694 8 644 8 852 9 243 10 420

Information available (n=100%) 7 395 8 340 8 554 8 909 9 812

percentage Injected in previous month 33 35 38 39 39 Injected in past, not in previous month 20 18 18 18 20 Never injected 46 47 44 43 40

Under 20 (Total) 1 170 1 318 1 336 1 334 1 358

Information available (n=100%) 1 111 1 287 1 303 1 302 1 263 Scotland trend tables Injected in previous month 19 25 34 35 33 Injected in past, not in previous month 9 9 9 10 10 Never injected 72 65 57 55 57

20 - 29 years (Total) 4 582 5 274 5 247 5 577 6 333

Information available (n=100%) 4 425 5 082 5 074 5 393 6 009

Injected in previous month 36 37 38 44 46 Injected in past, not in previous month 20 18 18 17 18 Never injected 43 45 44 39 36

30 years and over (Total) 1 942 2 052 2 269 2 645 3 148

Information available (n=100%) 1 859 1 971 2 177 2 527 2 959

Injected in previous month 36 37 38 38 36 Injected in past, not in previous month 27 25 25 24 27 Never injected 37 38 37 38 37

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 A number of individuals have been reported at needle exchanges in the Grampian and Lothian areas, this may impact on injecting and sharing figures. To allow comparison with other areas, figures are shown excluding needle exchanges. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 81) for more details.

r Revised. || Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

12 Age when first injected 1,2,3 : 1995/96 - 1999/00 percentage of individuals reported to have injected in past month by age first injected

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

r r 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

New individual patients/clients 2 475 2 933 3 218 3 470 3 861

Information available (n=100%) 1 983 2 427 2 682 2 902 3 195

percentage Under 15 years 4 4 3 2 3 15-19 years 52 49 43 42 40 20-24 years 30 32 33 33 34 25-29 years 9 11 15 15 16 30-34 years 3 3 5 6 5 25-39 years 1 1 2 2 2 40 years and over ---- 1

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 A number of individuals have been reported at needle exchanges in the Grampian and Lothian areas, this may impact on injecting and sharing figures. To allow comparison with other areas, figures are shown excluding needle exchanges. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 81) for more details.

r Revised. || Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

28 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

13 Route of use of heroin1,2 : 1995/96 - 1999/00 percentage of individuals reporting use of heroin by route of use

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

r r 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

All Ages (Total) 3 408 4 863 5 237 6 130 7 222

Information available (n=100%) 3 246 4 620 5 001 5 895 6 637

percentage Injecting 3 59 50 50 54 56 Smoke 28 34 34 29 27 Sniff/snort 1 2 1 1 1 Intra-Venous & Smoke 4 6 9 8 8 Intra-Venous & Sniff/snort 1 2 2 2 3

Inhale 6 6 5 5 5 Scotland trend tables Smoke & Sniff/snort ----- Other -----

Under 20 (Total) 416 723 824 934 965

Information available (n=100%) 385 678 781 892 855

Injecting 3 41 34 44 47 49 Smoke 45 46 38 31 31 Sniff/snort 2 3 1 2 1 Intra-Venous & Smoke 4 7 9 10 8 Intra-Venous & Sniff/snort 1 1 2 4 4 Inhale 7 8 6 7 6 Smoke & Sniff/snort ----- Other -----

20 - 29 years (Total) 2 236 3 133 3 283 3 732 4 437

Information available (n=100%) 2 123 2 974 3 136 3 584 4 087

Injecting 3 59 51 49 53 55 Smoke 28 34 35 30 28 Sniff/snort 1 2 1 1 1 Intra-Venous & Smoke 4 6 9 8 9 Intra-Venous & Sniff/snort 1 2 2 2 3 Inhale 6 6 5 5 5 Smoke & Sniff/snort ----- Other -----

30 years and over (Total) 756 1 007 1 130 1 464 1 820

Information available (n=100%) 738 968 1 084 1 419 1 695

Injecting 3 70 61 58 61 61 Smoke 19 26 27 25 24 Sniff/snort 1 2 1 2 1 Intra-Venous & Smoke 4 6 8 7 6 Intra-Venous & Sniff/snort 1 2 1 1 2 Inhale 4 4 4 4 6 Smoke & Sniff/snort ----- Other -----

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Includes intravenous and intramuscular. r Revised. || Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 29 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

14 Sharing injecting equipment 1,2,3 : 1995/96 - 1999/00 percentage of individuals reported to have injected in past month by sharing status and age group

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

r r 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

All ages (Total) 2 475 2 933 3 218 3 470 3 861

Information available (n=100%) 1 945 2 325 2 614 2 777 2 944

percentage Shared in previous month 30 28 28 33 34 Shared in past - but not in previous month 30 28 26 27 26 Never shared 40 44 46 40 40 Scotland trend tables

Under 20 years (Total) 215 327 444 460 418

Information available (n=100%) 168 252 378 361 323

Shared in previous month 30 36 37 43 45 Shared in past - but not in previous month 12 10 14 19 16 Never shared 58 54 49 38 39

20 - 29 years (Total) 1 595 1 875 1 952 2 062 2 376

Information available (n=100%) 1 258 1 494 1 574 1 666 1 805

Shared in previous month 30 27 29 34 35 Shared in past - but not in previous month 28 28 24 25 25 Never shared 41 45 47 41 41

30 years and over (Total) 665 731 822 948 1 067

Information available (n=100%) 519 579 662 750 816

Shared in previous month 28 25 23 28 27 Shared in past - but not in previous month 39 37 36 35 34 Never shared 33 38 42 37 39

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 A number of individuals have been reported at needle exchanges in the Grampian and Lothian areas, this may impact on injecting and sharing figures. To allow comparison with other areas, figures are shown excluding needle exchanges. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 81) for more details.

r Revised || Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

30 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

15 Type of service returning forms : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

ALL VALID FORMS

All Penal General Specialist Needle Outpatient Resid- Social Other Services Establish- Practice Drug Exchange 7 ential Work 9 ments 5 Services 6 Rehab- ilitation 8 Scotland 1 13 393 173 1 754 9 817 774 427 411 37 2 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 505 - 174 973 - 216 142 - - Ayrshire & Arran 1 1 444 - 20 1 424 - - - - - Borders 99 - - 72 - - 27 - - Dumfries & Galloway 214 - 22 189 - 3 - - - Fife 441 - 51 377 - - - 13 - Forth Valley 299 - 12 287 - - - - - Grampian 1 692 173 148 623 748 - - - - Greater Glasgow 3 588 - 524 2 796 - 201 47 20 - Highland 132 - 11 121 - - - - - Lanarkshire 783 - 79 704 - - - - - Lothian 2 552 - 701 1 630 26 - 195 - 2 Tayside 611 - 5 606 - - - - - Island Boards 2 33 - 7 15 - 7 - 4 - by council area

Aberdeen City 1 369 173 127 418 651 - - - - Aberdeenshire 248 - 18 133 97 - - - - Argyll & Bute 164 - 22 - - - 142 - - Ayrshire East 1 701-- 701----- Ayrshire North 1 506 - 13 493 - - - - - Ayrshire South 1 237 - 7 230 - - - - - Borders 99 - - 72 - - 27 - - Dumfries & Galloway 214 - 22 189 - 3 - - - Dunbartonshire East 109- 49-- 60--- Dunbartonshire West 308 - 67 241 - - - - - Dundee City 587 - 4 583 - - - - - Edinburgh City 2 192 - 516 1 455 26 - 195 - 2 Falkirk 96- 3 93----- Fife 441 - 51 377 - - - 13 - Glasgow City 3 332 - 446 2 678 - 141 47 20 - Highland 132 - 11 121 - - - - - Inverclyde 459 - 69 174 - 216 - - - 658 - 26 632 - - - - -

Lanarkshire North Area of treatment tables Lanarkshire South 213 - 64 149 - - - - - Lothian East 51- 51------Lothian West 162- 92 70----- Midlothian 147 - 42 105 - - - - - Moray 75- 3 72----- Perth & Kinross 24- 1 23----- Renfrewshire 623 - 24 599 - - - - - Stirling 196 - 2 194 - - - - - Island Councils 3 33 - 7 15 - 7 - 4 - Other Councils 4 17- 17------

1 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 2 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 3 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 4 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire. 5 Prisons and young offender institutions. The numbers relate to forms returned directly by penal establishments. Information about prisoners may also be reported by specialist drug services, etc. 6 Includes non-residential, statutory and non-statutory specialist drug services. 7 In year 1999/00 information was received from 3 static needle exchanges. 8 Includes 2 cases in supported accommodation. 9 Includes social work services and social work offender services.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 31 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

16 Age group analysis 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

All Ages Under 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 years 15 years years years years years years and over

Scotland 2 11 123 52 1 425 3 262 3 071 1 946 863 504

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 328 6 226 420 334 221 88 33 Ayrshire & Arran 2 1 181 15 201 362 324 161 66 52 Borders 97 - 16 29 29 15 4 4 Dumfries & Galloway 199 - 37 83 52 17 8 2 Fife 401 6 84 143 86 48 27 7 Forth Valley 270 1 45 88 61 40 19 16 Grampian 1 344 5 234 501 326 158 78 42 Greater Glasgow 3 106 8 213 750 1 022 694 293 126 Highland 125 - 11 17 34 38 18 7 Lanarkshire 605 1 90 190 152 85 44 43 Lothian 2 050 10 226 590 544 381 157 142 Tayside 545 - 55 133 150 111 62 34 Island Boards 3 31- 6 9 7 4 3 2

by council area

Aberdeen City 1 062 5 196 383 254 131 62 31 Aberdeenshire 228 - 33 109 51 20 12 3 Argyll & Bute 160 - 10 42 52 42 7 7 Ayrshire East 2 623 4 99 201 179 82 35 23 Ayrshire North 2 452 11 92 135 108 65 22 19 Ayrshire South 2 209 - 25 64 69 29 12 10 Borders 97 - 16 29 29 15 4 4 Dumfries & Galloway 199 - 37 83 52 17 8 2 Dunbartonshire East 108 - 10 30 27 22 13 6 Dunbartonshire West 272 5 48 91 59 44 19 6 Dundee City 528 - 53 128 144 108 61 34 Edinburgh City 1 799 3 179 520 479 346 137 135 Falkirk 93 1 21 27 18 19 4 3 Fife 401 6 84 143 86 48 27 7 Glasgow City 2 894 5 195 690 959 654 273 118 Highland 125 - 11 17 34 38 18 7 Inverclyde 390 - 71 136 93 60 26 4 Lanarkshire North 491 1 73 149 119 69 39 41 Area of treatment tables Lanarkshire South 202 - 22 68 65 32 12 3 Lothian East 50 - 8 20 10 9 1 2 Lothian West 151 1 24 38 43 25 15 5 Midlothian 142 6 40 40 33 14 7 2 Moray 73 - 10 19 24 7 5 8 Perth & Kinross 22 - 2 6 9 3 2 - Renfrewshire 557 4 103 169 145 80 38 18 Stirling 180 - 26 59 43 23 16 13 Island Councils 4 31- 6 9 7 4 3 2 Other Councils 5 17 - 2 4 7 - 3 1

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 5 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

32 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

17 Age group analysis of males 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

All Ages Under 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 years 15 years years years years years years and over

Scotland 2 7 490 35 835 2 124 2 138 1 406 611 341 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 894 4 121 268 242 161 71 27 Ayrshire & Arran 2 749 8 104 227 230 112 38 30 Borders 73 - 11 21 23 11 4 3 Dumfries & Galloway 125 - 24 49 36 9 5 2 Fife 290 4 49 109 63 39 23 3 Forth Valley 194 - 29 66 40 31 15 13 Grampian 972 3 152 349 256 119 62 31 Greater Glasgow 2 003 7 108 438 664 493 197 96 Highland 80 - 8 9 20 28 12 3 Lanarkshire 450 1 67 145 111 64 38 24 Lothian 1 355 8 131 380 376 272 101 87 Tayside 387 - 39 87 108 84 45 24 Island Boards 3 26- 3 7 7 4 3 2 by council area

Aberdeen City 771 3 127 266 199 101 49 26 Aberdeenshire 163 - 21 78 41 12 10 1 Argyll & Bute 112 - 3 25 42 31 6 5 Ayrshire East 2 390 2 47 130 122 56 18 15 Ayrshire North 2 297 6 50 90 81 46 13 11 Ayrshire South 2 124 - 13 34 44 21 8 4 Borders 73 - 11 21 23 11 4 3 Dumfries & Galloway 125 - 24 49 36 9 5 2 Dunbartonshire East 81 - 6 19 21 18 11 6 Dunbartonshire West 193 5 24 65 43 35 17 4 Dundee City 377 - 37 85 105 81 45 24 Edinburgh City 1 176 3 97 327 331 245 90 83 Falkirk 66 - 16 19 12 13 3 3 Fife 290 4 49 109 63 39 23 3 Glasgow City 1 861 4 97 404 621 466 180 89 Highland 80 - 8 9 20 28 12 3 Inverclyde 245 - 40 82 63 36 21 3 Lanarkshire North 374 1 55 120 89 54 33 22 Area of treatment tables Lanarkshire South 127 - 15 40 41 18 11 2 Lothian East 37 - 6 16 7 6 - 2 Lothian West 111 1 20 28 28 20 11 3 Midlothian 99 4 27 31 22 11 3 1 Moray 51 - 6 12 19 6 4 4 Perth & Kinross 14- 2 2 6 3 1 - Renfrewshire 379 2 57 107 107 62 27 17 Stirling 131 - 15 46 28 19 13 10 Island Councils 4 26- 3 7 7 4 3 2 Other Councils 5 10 - 1 3 3 - 2 1

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 5 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 33 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

18 Age group analysis of females 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

All Ages Under 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 years 15 years years years years years years and over

Scotland 2 3 633 17 590 1 138 933 540 252 163

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 434 2 105 152 92 60 17 6 Ayrshire & Arran 2 432 7 97 135 94 49 28 22 Borders 24 - 5 8 6 4 - 1 Dumfries & Galloway 74 - 13 34 16 8 3 - Fife 111 2 35 34 23 9 4 4 Forth Valley 76 1 16 22 21 9 4 3 Grampian 372 2 82 152 70 39 16 11 Greater Glasgow 1 103 1 105 312 358 201 96 30 Highland 45 - 3 8 14 10 6 4 Lanarkshire 155 - 23 45 41 21 6 19 Lothian 695 2 95 210 168 109 56 55 Tayside 158 - 16 46 42 27 17 10 Island Boards 3 5 - 3 2 - - - -

by council area

Aberdeen City 291 2 69 117 55 30 13 5 Aberdeenshire 65 - 12 31 10 8 2 2 Argyll & Bute 48 - 7 17 10 11 1 2 Ayrshire East 2 233 2 52 71 57 26 17 8 Ayrshire North 2 155 5 42 45 27 19 9 8 Ayrshire South 2 85 - 12 30 25 8 4 6 Borders 24 - 5 8 6 4 - 1 Dumfries & Galloway 74 - 13 34 16 8 3 - Dunbartonshire East 27 - 4 11 6 4 2 - Dunbartonshire West 79 - 24 26 16 9 2 2 Dundee City 151 - 16 43 39 27 16 10 Edinburgh City 623 - 82 193 148 101 47 52 Falkirk 27 1 5 8 6 6 1 - Fife 111 2 35 34 23 9 4 4 Glasgow City 1 033 1 98 286 338 188 93 29 Highland 45 - 3 8 14 10 6 4 Inverclyde 145 - 31 54 30 24 5 1

Area of treatment tables Lanarkshire North 117 - 18 29 30 15 6 19 Lanarkshire South 75 - 7 28 24 14 1 1 Lothian East 13- 2 4 3 3 1 - Lothian West 40 - 4 10 15 5 4 2 Midlothian 43 2 13 9 11 3 4 1 Moray 22- 4 7 5 1 1 4 Perth & Kinross 8 - - 4 3 - 1 - Renfrewshire 178 2 46 62 38 18 11 1 Stirling 49 - 11 13 15 4 3 3 Island Councils 4 5 - 3 2 - - - - Other Councils 5 7 - 1 1 4 - 1 -

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 5 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

34 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

19 Ethnic origin 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information White Indian Afro- Information New available sub- caribbean unavailable individual continent patients/ clients

Scotland 2 10 612 10 595 10 7 511 11 123 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 234 1 233 1 - 94 1 328 Ayrshire & Arran 2 1 097 1 093 1 3 84 1 181 Borders 93 93 - - 4 97 Dumfries & Galloway 193 193 - - 6 199 Fife 387 387 - - 14 401 Forth Valley 254 254 - - 16 270 Grampian 1 314 1 312 1 1 30 1 344 Greater Glasgow 2 946 2 937 7 2 160 3 106 Highland 122 122 - - 3 125 Lanarkshire 588 588 - - 17 605 Lothian 1 978 1 977 - 1 72 2 050 Tayside 525 525 - - 20 545 Island Boards 3 31 31 - - - 31 by council area

Aberdeen City 1 040 1 038 1 1 22 1 062 Aberdeenshire 222 222 - - 6 228 Argyll & Bute 158 158 - - 2 160 Ayrshire East 2 546 544 1 1 77 623 Ayrshire North 2 440 439 - 1 12 452 Ayrshire South 2 203 201 - 2 6 209 Borders 93 93 - - 4 97 Dumfries & Galloway 193 193 - - 6 199 Dunbartonshire East 106 106 - - 2 108 Dunbartonshire West 263 263 - - 9 272 Dundee City 508 508 - - 20 528 Edinburgh City 1 751 1 750 - 1 48 1 799 Falkirk 89 89 - - 4 93 Fife 387 387 - - 14 401 Glasgow City 2 736 2 727 7 2 158 2 894 Highland 122 122 - - 3 125 Inverclyde 370 369 1 - 20 390 Area of treatment tables Lanarkshire North 476 476 - - 15 491 Lanarkshire South 198 198 - - 4 202 Lothian East 44 44 - - 6 50 Lothian West 133 133 - - 18 151 Midlothian 139 139 - - 3 142 Moray 70 70 - - 3 73 Perth & Kinross 22 22 - - - 22 Renfrewshire 493 493 - - 64 557 Stirling 170 170 - - 10 180 Island Councils 4 31 31 - - - 31 Other Councils 5 15 15 - - 2 17

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 5 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 35 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

20 Source of referral 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Self GP Family Friend Specialist Psych- Social Social Other 7 Information New available Drug iatrist/ work work unavailable individual Services 6 mental services offenders patients/ health services clients services

n=100% percentage number

Scotland 2 10 745 38 42 2 1 2 3 5 3 4 378 11 123

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 308 40 33 2 - 1 5 13 3 3 20 1 328 Ayrshire & Arran 2 1 170 39 33 5 - 10 3 - 2 7 11 1 181 Borders 96 15 73 - - - 6 1 2 3 1 97 Dumfries & Galloway 194 54 32 3 3 1 1 2 3 1 5 199 Fife 394 54 26 5 2 1 1 6 2 3 7 401 Forth Valley 264 38 38 5 - - 5 3 6 5 6 270 Grampian 1 242 68 24 2 2 - - 1 1 2 102 1 344 Greater Glasgow 3 015 32 45 2 1 2 3 7 5 4 91 3 106 Highland 124 35 48 2 - - 5 1 2 7 1 125 Lanarkshire 594 28 49 3 1 1 2 7 7 3 11 605 Lothian 1 928 31 53 2 1 3 4 2 1 3 122 2 050 Tayside 539 28 63- - 1 2 2 1 2 6 545 Island Boards 3 31 61 32 3----- 3 - 31

by council area

Aberdeen City 976 68 23 2 3 - - 1 1 2 86 1 062 Aberdeenshire 213 77 16 3 1 - 1 1 - - 15 228 Argyll & Bute 156 12 1 1 - 5 1 78 3 1 4 160 Ayrshire East 2 613 23 60 3 - 5 3 - 2 4 10 623 Ayrshire North 2 451 59 12 8 - 5 2 - 2 11 1 452 Ayrshire South 2 207 39 9 3 - 34 7 - - 7 2 209 Borders 96 15 73 - - - 6 1 2 3 1 97 Dumfries & Galloway 194 54 32 3 3 1 1 2 3 1 5 199 Dunbartonshire East 101 26 58 - - 2 6 6 2 - 7 108 Dunbartonshire West 268 32 33 7 1 1 3 13 7 2 4 272 Dundee City 522 26 65- - 1 2 2 1 2 6 528 Edinburgh City 1 699 26 59 1 1 3 4 2 1 3 100 1 799 Falkirk 93 42 33 4 1 1 8 3 4 3 - 93

Area of treatment tables Fife 394 54 26 5 2 1 1 6 2 3 7 401 Glasgow City 2 810 32 47 2 1 2 3 7 4 4 84 2 894 Highland 124 35 48 2 - - 5 1 2 7 1 125 Inverclyde 387 40 38 3 - - 5 3 5 6 3 390 Lanarkshire North 486 24 53 3 1 1 2 5 8 3 5 491 Lanarkshire South 196 41 27 3 1 1 1 14 10 3 6 202 Lothian East 43 65 30 2 - - 2 - - - 7 50 Lothian West 136 48 28 7 1 1 9 1 - 4 15 151 Midlothian 135 64 16 7 - 1 2 4 3 2 7 142 Moray 71 34 52 3 - 1 1 4 - 4 2 73 Perth & Kinross 22 73 9 - - - 5 5 9 - - 22 Renfrewshire 549 49 37- - 1 6 3 1 3 8 557 Stirling 175 37 39 6 - - 3 3 6 6 5 180 Island Councils 4 31 61 32 3----- 3 - 31 Other Councils 5 15 67 33------2 17

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 5 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire. 6 Includes non-residential, statutory and non-statutory specialist drug services. 7 Other includes: General hospital services, Other nursing staff, Residential drug projects and Court.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

36 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

21 Place of initial contact 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information At On In At In At GP Other Information New available agency phone street home prison surgery unavailable individual patients/ clients

n =100% percentage number

Scotland 3 5 823 64 17 1 3 1 5 10 507 6 330 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 672 72 7 - 1 - 2 17 68 740 Ayshire & Arran 3 635 40 20 1 3 - 12 23 329 964 Borders 56 25 21 2 11 - 29 13 6 62 Fife 356 42 36 1 6 - 10 5 4 360 Forth Valley 252 56 33 - - - 8 3 7 259 Grampian 962 82 10 1 2 1 - 5 14 976 Greater Glasgow 1 731 70 9 - 4 - 8 9 56 1 787 Highland 83 45 34 - 8 - 6 7 6 89 Lanarkshire 349 71 9 - - 3 1 15 4 353 Lothian 741 50 44 - 1 - - 4 14 755 Tayside 51 76 12 2 6 - - 4 2 53 Island Boards 4 17 88 - - 12 - - - 1 18 by council area

Aberdeen City 731 92 1 - - 1 - 5 10 741 Aberdeenshire 175 59 28 6 5 - - 2 4 179 Argyll & Bute 1 100------1 Ayrshire East 3 445 26 17 - 5 - 16 36 119 564 Ayrshire North 3 153 50 34 3 - - 4 8 218 371 Ayrshire South 3 102 80 10 1 1 - 3 5 18 120 Borders 56 25 21 2 11 - 29 13 6 62 Dunbartonshire West 150 67 11 - 13 1 - 9 4 154 Dundee City 31 74 10 3 6 - - 6 1 32 Edinburgh City 603 54 40 - 1 - - 4 11 614 Falkirk 90 53 32 - - 1 8 6 1 91 Fife 356 42 36 1 6 - 10 5 4 360 Glasgow City 1 635 70 9 - 3 - 8 9 54 1 689 Highland 83 45 34 - 8 - 6 7 6 89 Inverclyde 141 96 1 - - 1 - 2 - 141

Lanarkshire North 299 70 9 - - 4 1 16 2 301 Area of treatment tables Lanarkshire South 126 71 13 - 2 - 10 3 4 130 Lothian West 58 40 47 - - 2 2 10 2 60 Midlothian 101 29 66 - 1 - 1 3 1 102 Moray 70 27 54 - 16 - 1 1 - 70 Perth & Kinross 21 76 14 - 10 - - - 1 22 Renfrewshire 420 65 7 - - - 3 25 65 485 Stirling 172 58 33 - - - 8 2 6 178 Island Councils 5 17 88 - - 12 - - - 1 18 Other Councils 6 ------

1 Non-medical (SMR23) forms only. 2 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 3 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 6 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 37 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

22 Place where individual was assessed 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information At On In At In At GP Other Information New available agency phone street home prison surgery unavailable individual patients/ clients

n =100% percentage number

Scotland 3 4 963 75 1 - 8 1 5 11 1 367 6 330

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 330 86 - - 2 - 2 10 410 740 Ayshire & Arran 3 590 70 1 1 9 - 5 15 374 964 Borders 50 2 - - 48 - 28 22 12 62 Fife 337 39 1 - 25 - 15 20 23 360 Forth Valley 246 82 - - - 1 4 13 13 259 Grampian 876 81 - - 12 1 1 5 100 976 Greater Glasgow 1 486 80 - - 5 - 7 8 301 1 787 Highland 82 84 1 - 10 - 1 4 7 89 Lanarkshire 310 79- - 2 3 1 15 43 353 Lothian 665 75 1 - 5 - 2 17 90 755 Tayside 41 73 - - 24 - - 2 12 53 Island Boards 4 17 88 - - 12 - - - 1 18

by council area

Aberdeen City 649 93 - - - 1 - 5 92 741 Aberdeenshire 170 56 1 - 39 2 - 2 9 179 Argyll & Bute ------1 1 Ayrshire East 3 397 57 1 1 14 - 9 18 167 564 Ayrshire North 3 150 85 1 1 1 - - 13 221 371 Ayrshire South 3 99 93 2 - - - 1 4 21 120 Borders 50 2 - - 48 - 28 22 12 62 Dunbartonshire West 129 78 - - 14 - - 8 25 154 Dundee City 27 74 - - 22 - - 4 5 32 Edinburgh City 543 76 1 - 6 - - 17 71 614 Falkirk 88 86 1 - - 1 1 10 3 91 Fife 337 39 1 - 25 - 15 20 23 360 Glasgow City 1 395 80 - - 4 - 7 9 294 1 689 Highland 82 84 1 - 10 - 1 4 7 89 Inverclyde 139 96 - - 1 1 1 1 2 141 Lanarkshire North 267 80 - - - 3 - 16 34 301 Area of treatment tables Lanarkshire South 114 81 - - 9 - 6 4 16 130 Lothian West 43 33 - - 2 - 21 44 17 60 Midlothian 99 89 - - 1 - 3 7 3 102 Moray 70 33 - - 56 - 7 4 - 70 Perth & Kinross 15 67 - - 33 - - - 7 22 Renfrewshire 102 70---- 6 25 383 485 Stirling 168 80- - 1 1 5 14 10 178 Island Councils 5 17 88 - - 12 - - - 1 18 Other Councils 6 ------

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

38 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

23 Employment status 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Never Unemployed Unemployed Employed 6 Student Other 7 Information New available employed (one year (less than unavailable individual or longer) one year) patients/ clients

n=100% percentage number

Scotland 2 10 676 14 52 18 13 2 2 447 11 123 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 287 18 59 13 8 2 - 41 1 328 Ayrshire & Arran 2 983 4 27 40 14 5 10 198 1 181 Borders 95 19 41 25 14 - 1 2 97 Dumfries & Galloway 195 13 54 23 11 - - 4 199 Fife 395 14 41 22 18 4 1 6 401 Forth Valley 262 15 44 22 18 2 1 8 270 Grampian 1 326 6 42 26 21 3 2 18 1 344 Greater Glasgow 3 052 19 61 11 8 1 - 54 3 106 Highland 123 11 49 22 18 - 1 2 125 Lanarkshire 601 10 49 20 19 2 0 4 605 Lothian 1 934 14 55 15 13 2 2 116 2 050 Tayside 540 17 61 12 9 1 1 5 545 Island Boards 3 30 17 43 17 17 3 3 1 31 by council area

Aberdeen City 1 051 5 43 27 19 4 2 11 1 062 Aberdeenshire 223 6 33 27 30 3 1 5 228 Argyll & Bute 157 21 68 10 1 - 1 3 160 Ayrshire East 2 467 2 34 34 16 3 12 156 623 Ayrshire North 2 404 3 17 50 14 9 6 48 452 Ayrshire South 2 185 9 30 35 12 1 13 24 209 Borders 95 19 41 25 14 - 1 2 97 Dumfries & Galloway 195 13 54 23 11 - - 4 199 Dunbartonshire East 104 15 51 15 17 1 - 4 108 Dunbartonshire West 267 12 53 23 8 4 - 5 272 Dundee City 523 17 61 12 8 1 1 5 528 Edinburgh City 1 695 15 57 13 12 1 2 104 1 799 Falkirk 91 20 41 24 11 3 1 2 93 Fife 395 14 41 22 18 4 1 6 401 Glasgow City 2 846 19 62 10 8 1 - 48 2 894 Highland 123 11 49 22 18 - 1 2 125 Inverclyde 388 18 58 15 8 1 - 2 390 Lanarkshire North 490 9 47 21 21 2 1 1 491 Lanarkshire South 198 17 54 17 11 2 - 4 202 Area of treatment tables Lothian East 49 14 29 22 33 2 - 1 50 Lothian West 139 6 50 17 22 2 2 12 151 Midlothian 139 5 33 32 20 9 1 3 142 Moray 71 14 39 15 27 4 - 2 73 Perth & Kinross 22 9 59 18 14 - - - 22 Renfrewshire 525 19 58 10 10 3 - 32 557 Stirling 175 12 42 23 22 1 1 5 180 Island Councils 4 30 17 43 17 17 3 3 1 31 Other Councils 5 16 13 56 19 13 - - 1 17

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 5 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire. 6 Employment includes training. 7 Other comprises: housewife/househusband/childcare, retired, invalid, and employed in black/grey economy.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 39 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

24 a Living situation 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Infor- Lives Lives Lives Lives Lives Lives in No Other 7 Infor- New mation alone with with with with Resid- fixed mation indiv- available parents spouse/ spouse/ other ential abode unavail- idual partner partner & persons rehab- able patients/ parents ilitation clients

n = 100% percentage number

Scotland 3 10 700 26 30 28 1 8 2 3 3 423 11 123

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 294 24 33 20 - 6 11 3 2 34 1 328 Ayrshire & Arran 3 975 22 31 31 - 3 1 3 10 206 1 181 Borders 96 27 41 21 1 6 2 2 - 1 97 Dumfries & Galloway 199 23 37 28 1 8 - 3 2 - 199 Fife 397 22 36 28 2 9 - 3 1 4 401 Forth Valley 263 22 37 28 1 10 - 3 - 7 270 Grampian 1 329 25 31 25 1 12 - 4 2 15 1 344 Greater Glasgow 3 051 27 30 29 1 7 1 3 3 55 3 106 Highland 122 22 27 31 - 13 2 3 2 3 125 Lanarkshire 599 17 44 25 1 11 1 3 - 6 605 Lothian 1 959 29 21 34 1 8 1 4 3 91 2 050 Tayside 534 35 20 30 1 7 - 3 4 11 545 Island boards 4 28 29 32 25 - 14 - - - 3 31

by council area

Aberdeen City 1 050 25 30 24 1 13 - 5 2 12 1 062 Aberdeenshire 228 25 36 27 2 7 - 2 - - 228 Argyll & Bute 160 4 6 3 - 2 84 1 1 - 160 Ayrshire East 3 459 20 28 35 - 5 - 3 9 164 623 Ayrshire North 3 394 21 36 26 - 2 2 3 12 58 452 Ayrshire South 3 195 27 21 35 1 3 - 3 10 14 209 Borders 96 27 41 21 1 6 2 2 - 1 97 Dumfries & Galloway 199 23 37 28 1 8 - 3 2 - 199 Dunbartonshire East 103 18 39 35 - 6 - - 2 5 108 Dunbartonshire West 265 25 32 26 - 7 1 5 3 7 272 Dundee City 517 36 20 30 1 7 - 3 3 11 528 Edinburgh City 1 722 31 19 34 1 8 1 4 3 77 1 799

Area of treatment tables Falkirk 93 27 40 22 - 9 - 3 - - 93 Fife 397 22 36 28 2 9 - 3 1 4 401 Glasgow City 2 847 27 30 29 1 7 1 4 3 47 2 894 Highland 122 22 27 31 - 13 2 3 2 3 125 Inverclyde 386 25 48 19 - 4 - 3 1 4 390 Lanarkshire North 487 16 44 26 1 11 - 2 - 4 491 Lanarkshire South 199 22 41 21 1 8 2 5 1 3 202 Lothian East 47 13 43 28 - 13 2 - 2 3 50 Lothian West 139 24 28 37 1 6 1 1 1 12 151 Midlothian 139 15 50 17 1 7 1 5 4 3 142 Moray 70 20 30 40 - 7 1 - 1 3 73 Perth & Kinross 22 23 27 27 - 14 - 5 5 - 22 Renfrewshire 532 28 31 24 - 8 1 3 4 25 557 Stirling 174 19 35 32 2 10 - 2 - 6 180 Island councils 5 28 29 32 25 - 14 - - - 3 31 Other councils 6 16 38 25 19 - 13 - 6 - 1 17

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 Includes individuals living with dependent children (see Table 24b). 3 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 6 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire. 7 Other includes: hostel, children's home, B&B/hotel and hospital.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

40 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

24 b Living with dependent children 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Lives with dependent children and : Infor- Infor- New mation alone with with with Other in No Other 7 mation indiv- available 6 parents spouse/ spouse/ persons Resid- fixed unavail- idual partner partner & ential abode able patients/ parents rehab- clients ilitation

n = 100% percentage 8 number

Scotland 2 10 700 7 1 10----- 423 11 123 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 294 5 1 7 - - - - - 34 1 328 Ayrshire & Arran 2 975 6 1 4 - - - - - 206 1 181 Borders 96 2 2 13----- 1 97 Dumfries & Galloway 199 11 2 16 - 1 - - - - 199 Fife 397 4 1 14----- 4 401 Forth Valley 263 5 4 16----- 7 270 Grampian 1 329 5 - 5 - - - - - 15 1 344 Greater Glasgow 3 051 8 2 12----- 55 3 106 Highland 122 9 2 7 - - - - - 3 125 Lanarkshire 599 5 1 10 1 - - - - 6 605 Lothian 1 959 10 1 14 - - - - - 91 2 050 Tayside 534 8 2 12 1 - - - - 11 545 Island boards 3 28 4 - 4 - 4 - - - 3 31 by council area

Aberdeen City 1 050 4 1 4 - - - - - 12 1 062 Aberdeenshire 228 7 - 4 ------228 Argyll & Bute 160 - 1 1------160 Ayrshire East 2 459 6 - 2 - - - - - 164 623 Ayrshire North 2 394 5 1 6 - - - - - 58 452 Ayrshire South 2 195 8 1 8 - - - - 1 14 209 Borders 96 2 2 13----- 1 97 Dumfries & Galloway 199 11 2 16 - 1 - - - - 199 Dunbartonshire East 103 2- 10----- 5 108 Dunbartonshire West 265 8- 14----- 7 272 Dundee City 517 8 2 13 1 - - - - 11 528 Edinburgh City 1 722 11 1 14 - - - - - 77 1 799

Falkirk 93 5 3 11------93 Area of treatment tables Fife 397 4 1 14----- 4 401 Glasgow City 2 847 8 2 12----- 47 2 894 Highland 122 9 2 7 - - - - - 3 125 Inverclyde 386 6 2 5 - - - - - 4 390 Lanarkshire North 487 4 1 11 1 - - - - 4 491 Lanarkshire South 199 12 4 7 1 - - - - 3 202 Lothian East 47 9 - 6 - - - - - 3 50 Lothian West 139 7 - 16 - 1 - - - 12 151 Midlothian 139 6 3 4 1 - - - - 3 142 Moray 70 6- 14----- 3 73 Perth & Kinross 22 5 5 5 - - - 5 - - 22 Renfrewshire 532 5 1 8 - - - - - 25 557 Stirling 174 5 5 19 1 1 - - - 6 180 Island councils 4 28 4 - 4 - 4 - - - 3 31 Other councils 5 16 19 - 6 - - - - - 1 17

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 5 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire. 6 Includes patients / clients with no dependent children. 7 Other includes: hostel, children's home, B&B/hotel and hospital. 8 Percentage of patients / clients living with dependent children. Sub-set of individuals in Table 24a.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 41 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

25 Legal situation 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information None Deferred On On Community Awaiting Trial Pending Outstanding Other 7 Infor- New available sentence probation probation service sentence pending cases fines mation individual — with — unspec- — on — on unav- patients/ condition ified bail bail ailable clients

n =100% percentage number

Scotland 3 9 898 61 1 2 4 1 2 10 15 1 2 1 225 11 123

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 234 56 2 3 5 1 3 10 17 1 2 94 1 328 Ayrshire & Arran 3 756 67 2 - 4 1 1 4 9 1 12 425 1 181 Borders 89 64 1 2 3 1 8 8 11 1 - 8 97 Dumfries & Galloway 188 59 3 1 8 2 1 7 19- 1 11 199 Fife 370 66 2 1 4 1 1 5 18 1 2 31 401 Forth Valley 264 51 1 5 5 - 3 19 13 2 1 6 270 Grampian 1 280 65 1 - 1 1 2 15 13 1 1 64 1 344 Greater Glasgow 2 820 58 1 3 4 1 1 10 18 2 2 286 3 106 Highland 120 63- 2 4 2 4 8 16 1 2 5 125 Lanarkshire 581 61 2 4 4 - 3 13 12 1 - 24 605 Lothian 1 808 62 1 1 4 2 1 11 15 2 2 242 2 050 Tayside 499 60 1 3 4 2 2 9 19 1 1 46 545 Island Boards 4 26 73----- 8 19-- 5 31

by council area

Aberdeen City 1 013 66 1 - 1 1 1 17 12 1 1 49 1 062 Aberdeenshire 217 59 1 1 5 1 3 11 18 - 1 11 228 Argyll & Bute 154 39 2 5 6 - 1 10 37 - - 6 160 Ayrshire East 3 349 70 1 - 5 1 1 6 9 1 5 274 623 Ayrshire North 3 292 66 3 - 4 1 - 2 6 2 15 160 452 Ayrshire South 3 165 61 - - 4 1 1 4 14 - 16 44 209 Borders 89 64 1 2 3 1 8 8 11 1 - 8 97 Dumfries & Galloway 188 59 3 1 8 2 1 7 19- 1 11 199 Dunbartonshire East 97 70 1 1 5 - - 14 6 1 1 11 108 Dunbartonshire West 260 55 2 2 5 2 2 10 18 2 3 12 272 Dundee City 483 60 1 2 4 2 2 8 19 1 - 45 528 Edinburgh City 1 592 63 1 1 4 2 1 10 15 2 1 207 1 799 Falkirk 92 55- 5 3 - - 27 7 1 1 1 93 Fife 370 66 2 1 4 1 1 5 18 1 2 31 401 Glasgow City 2 631 58 1 3 4 1 1 10 19 2 2 263 2 894 Highland 120 63- 2 4 2 4 8 16 1 2 5 125 Inverclyde 374 49 3 3 7 1 5 16 12 1 2 16 390 Lanarkshire North 473 63 2 4 3 - 3 13 11 - - 18 491 Lanarkshire South 185 52 1 6 5 1 4 9 21 2 1 17 202 Lothian East

Area of treatment tables 47 79 - - 2 - 2 4 13 - - 3 50 Lothian West 122 62 - - 7 - 2 11 11 2 4 29 151 Midlothian 131 50 2 2 - - 2 21 18 2 4 11 142 Moray 68 65 - - - - 1 12 22 - - 5 73 Perth & Kinross 21 48 - 5 5 - 5 19 14 - 5 1 22 Renfrewshire 496 69- 2 3 1 2 5 14 1 3 61 557 Stirling 176 47 1 5 5 1 5 16 17 2 1 4 180 Island Councils 5 26 73----- 8 19-- 5 31 Other Councils 6 15 87---- 7 7--- 2 17

1 Where an individual has more than one legal situation the most significant is reported in the table. 2 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 3 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 6 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire. 7 Other includes: on licence/supervised release order, arrest referral, non-custodial sentence.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

42 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

26 Age at onset of problem drug use 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Under 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 years Information New available 15 years years years years years years and over unavailable individual patients/ clients n=100% percentage number

Scotland 2 8 402 16 47 22 10 4 1 1 2 721 11 123 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 859 23 45 17 9 4 1 - 469 1 328 Ayrshire & Arran 2 459 16 45 23 10 4 1 2 722 1 181 Borders 80 40 43 11 4 3 - - 17 97 Dumfries & Galloway 178 8 57 21 9 4 1 1 21 199 Fife 234 16 44 22 11 6 2 1 167 401 Forth Valley 202 9 42 29 10 7 - 1 68 270 Grampian 1 144 9 51 25 9 3 1 1 200 1 344 Greater Glasgow 2 745 16 45 24 10 4 1 1 361 3 106 Highland 97 16 44 24 9 5 1 - 28 125 Lanarkshire 519 17 40 23 10 7 1 2 86 605 Lothian 1 550 17 49 19 9 3 1 1 500 2 050 Tayside 436 14 47 22 11 3 2 1 109 545 Island Boards 3 22 5 59 18 5 5 9 - 9 31 by council area

Aberdeen City 899 7 54 25 9 3 1 1 163 1 062 Aberdeenshire 200 14 43 29 13 2 1 - 28 228 Argyll & Bute 154 36 47 10 4 2 - - 6 160 Ayrshire East 2 231 12 45 23 14 3 1 1 392 623 Ayrshire North 2 114 12 47 22 10 5 1 3 338 452 Ayrshire South 2 144 24 42 24 4 5 1 1 65 209 Borders 80 40 43 11 4 3 - - 17 97 Dumfries & Galloway 178 8 57 21 9 4 1 1 21 199 Dunbartonshire East 87 18 47 16 13 3 1 1 21 108 Dunbartonshire West 235 19 41 23 12 4 1 - 37 272 Dundee City 423 13 48 22 11 3 2 1 105 528 Edinburgh City 1 384 18 50 18 10 3 1 1 415 1 799 Falkirk 66 14 39 29 11 3 2 3 27 93 Fife 234 16 44 22 11 6 2 1 167 401 Glasgow City 2 575 16 45 24 9 4 1 1 319 2 894 Highland 97 16 44 24 9 5 1 - 28 125 Area of treatment tables Inverclyde 333 18 46 19 10 5 2 - 57 390 Lanarkshire North 421 19 40 21 10 7 2 2 70 491 Lanarkshire South 171 12 39 32 10 5 1 1 31 202 Lothian East 35 20 46 14 9 9 - 3 15 50 Lothian West 76 20 42 21 9 5 3 - 75 151 Midlothian 127 15 43 24 12 4 2 - 15 142 Moray 62 26 44 13 10 2 2 5 11 73 Perth & Kinross 18 50 28 11 6 6 - - 4 22 Renfrewshire 182 24 45 17 10 1 1 2 375 557 Stirling 139 8 44 28 10 10 - - 41 180 Island Councils 4 22 5 59 18 5 5 9 - 9 31 Other Councils 5 8 - 25 50 - 13 - 13 9 17

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 5 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 43 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

27 Time from onset until help first sought 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Less 1 -2 3 - 4 5 - 6 7 - 8 9 - 10 11 - 14 15 Information New available than years years years years years years years unavailable individual 1 year and patients/ over clients

n=100% percentage number Scotland 2 7 789 16 33 19 12 7 5 5 4 3 334 11 123

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 825 11 32 22 14 8 4 5 5 503 1 328 Ayrshire & Arran 2 448 13 36 21 11 7 6 4 2 733 1 181 Borders 79 9 28 10 13 11 8 13 9 18 97 Dumfries & Galloway 172 13 53 21 6 2 3 1 1 27 199 Fife 217 16 47 18 8 4 3 2 2 184 401 Forth Valley 198 16 36 25 9 4 3 4 4 72 270 Grampian 1 014 30 34 15 8 4 3 3 2 330 1 344 Greater Glasgow 2 503 11 30 19 14 8 6 7 4 603 3 106 Highland 87 10 21 21 11 7 9 9 11 38 125 Lanarkshire 500 12 39 19 10 5 5 5 4 105 605 Lothian 1 423 21 31 16 11 7 5 5 4 627 2 050 Tayside 424 13 30 21 12 9 6 5 4 121 545 Island Boards 3 20 30 40 15 - 5 10 - - 11 31

by council area

Aberdeen City 783 31 38 15 8 3 2 2 2 279 1 062 Aberdeenshire 190 35 28 13 8 4 6 5 1 38 228 Argyll & Bute 152 3 14 22 18 13 9 11 9 8 160 Ayrshire East 2 228 15 37 24 9 6 4 3 2 395 623 Ayrshire North 2 108 8 38 23 16 8 4 1 2 344 452 Ayrshire South 2 140 14 29 17 9 9 11 9 4 69 209 Borders 79 9 28 10 13 11 8 13 9 18 97 Dumfries & Galloway 172 13 53 21 6 2 3 1 1 27 199 Dunbartonshire East 76 8 30 16 12 7 9 12 7 32 108 Dunbartonshire West 219 20 37 16 12 5 4 3 4 53 272 Dundee City 411 14 30 21 11 8 6 5 4 117 528 Edinburgh City 1 268 19 31 17 12 7 5 5 4 531 1 799 Falkirk 64 13 39 25 8 2 2 8 5 29 93 Fife 217 16 47 18 8 4 3 2 2 184 401 Glasgow City 2 359 11 30 20 14 8 6 7 4 535 2 894 Area of treatment tables Highland 87 10 21 21 11 7 9 9 11 38 125 Inverclyde 323 8 35 24 15 8 3 3 4 67 390 Lanarkshire North 404 11 38 18 10 6 6 6 4 87 491 Lanarkshire South 160 19 39 19 11 5 3 4 1 42 202 Lothian East 34 12 47 15 12 9 3 - 3 16 50 Lothian West 67 15 30 16 13 9 7 4 4 84 151 Midlothian 122 42 34 7 11 2 1 2 2 20 142 Moray 58 9 17 14 14 17 7 12 10 15 73 Perth & Kinross 18 6 17 17 17 22 - 11 11 4 22 Renfrewshire 168 14 33 23 12 7 4 5 3 389 557 Stirling 137 18 36 26 9 5 3 1 3 43 180 Island Councils 4 20 30 40 15 - 5 10 - - 11 31 Other Councils 5 8 13 63 13 13 - - - - 9 17

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 5 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

44 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

28 Intended prescribing by doctors 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Patient is Doctor Doctor has Doctor has Information New available already intends not yet no unavailable individual on to decided intention patients/ script prescribe to prescribe clients

n=100% percentage number Scotland 3 4 677 24 39 31 6 116 4 793 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 573 20 46 28 5 15 588 Ayrshire & Arran 3 211 3 90 3 4 6 217 Borders 34 18 74 - 9 1 35 Dumfries & Galloway 198 7 69 21 3 1 199 Fife 39 26 54 18 3 2 41 Forth Valley 11 18 27 18 36 - 11 Grampian 360 28 34 32 6 8 368 Greater Glasgow 1 259 20 38 37 4 60 1 319 Highland 36 42 42 3 14 - 36 Lanarkshire 250 20 53 22 5 2 252 Lothian 1 280 27 33 33 7 15 1 295 Tayside 486 43 9 42 7 6 492 Island Boards 4 13 15 54 15 15 - 13 by council area

Aberdeen City 314 26 33 35 6 7 321 Aberdeenshire 48 40 35 17 8 1 49 Argyll & Bute 158 3 91 1 6 1 159 Ayrshire East 3 59 3 93 2 2 - 59 Ayrshire North 3 74 3 86 5 5 7 81 Ayrshire South 3 89 3 91 1 4 - 89 Borders 34 18 74 - 9 1 35 Dumfries & Galloway 198 7 69 21 3 1 199 Dunbartonshire East 106 24 41 8 27 2 108 Dunbartonshire West 114 12 40 41 6 4 118 Dundee City 490 43 9 41 7 6 496 Edinburgh City 1 170 27 31 36 6 15 1 185 Falkirk 2 50 50 - - - 2 Fife 39 26 54 18 3 2 41 Glasgow City 1 148 20 37 40 3 57 1 205 Highland 36 42 42 3 14 - 36 Area of treatment tables Inverclyde 240 29 25 43 4 9 249 Lanarkshire North 189 20 49 27 5 1 190 Lanarkshire South 69 17 62 14 6 3 72 Lothian East 50 14 54 16 16 - 50 Lothian West 90 28 42 19 11 1 91 Midlothian 40 15 45 38 3 - 40 Moray 3 - 100 - - - 3 Renfrewshire 71 32 45 14 8 1 72 Stirling 2 - 50 50 - - 2 Island Councils 5 13 15 54 15 15 - 13 Other Councils 6 17 35 24 18 24 - 17

1 Medical (SMR22) forms only. 2 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 3 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 6 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 45 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

29 Main drug 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 percentage of individuals reporting using each drug as main drug of misuse; health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

New Heroin Morphine Methadone Methadone Dihydro- Dihydro- Dipip- Bupren- Other Diazepam Diazepam individual prescribed — other 6 codeine codeine anone orphine opiates prescribed — other 6 patients/ prescribed — other 6 clients

n=100% percentage

Scotland 2 11 123 54 - 15 4 3 4 - - - 2 4

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 328 66 - 12 1 2 1 - - - 1 4 Ayrshire & Arran 2 1 181 62 - 6 4 2 2 - 1 - 2 4 Borders 97 35 - 13 2 4 7 - - - 1 7 Dumfries & Galloway 199 92 - 3 - 1 1 - - - 1 1 Fife 401 49 1 16 2 1 3 - - - 2 9 Forth Valley 270 72 - 2 1 1 2 - - 1 1 2 Grampian 1 344 70 - 8 2 2 1 - - - 1 1 Greater Glasgow 3 106 61 - 23 2 1 2 - - - 1 2 Highland 125 38 - 18 2 3 6 - 1 2 4 3 Lanarkshire 605 67 - 8 1 - 1 - - - 3 1 Lothian 2 050 26 - 17 11 8 12 - - - 5 8 Tayside 545 12 1 27 16 3 11 1 1 - 5 9 Island Boards 3 31 16 3 3 3 6 - - - - 3 10

by council area

Aberdeen City 1 062 70 - 10 2 2 1 - - - 1 1 Aberdeenshire 228 81 - 1 - 4 2 1 - - 2 - Argyll & Bute 160 70 - 16 2 1 - - - - 3 3 Ayrshire East 2 623 66 - 7 6 2 2 - 1 1 1 4 Ayrshire North 2 452 55 - 5 2 2 3 1 2 - 2 5 Ayrshire South 2 209 70 - 7 4 - 1 - - - 3 2 Borders 97 35 - 13 2 4 7 - - - 1 7 Dumfries & Galloway 199 92 - 3 - 1 1 - - - 1 1 Dunbartonshire East 108 66 - 20 - 2 3 - - - 1 - Dunbartonshire West 272 59 1 13 1 1 1 - - - 2 3 Dundee City 528 11 1 27 17 4 11 1 1 - 5 9 Edinburgh City 1 799 26 - 18 12 8 13 - - - 5 8 Falkirk 93 70 - 1 1 1 1 - - 1 - 2 Fife 401 49 1 16 2 1 3 - - - 2 9 Glasgow City 2 894 61 - 23 2 1 2 - - - 1 2 Highland 125 38 - 18 2 3 6 - 1 2 4 3 Inverclyde 390 81 - 9 1 2 1 - - - - 2 Lanarkshire North 491 67 - 5 1 1 1 - - - 3 1 Lanarkshire South 202 64 - 21 1 1 1 - - 1 1 3 Lothian East 50 42 - 10 10 2 4 - - - 14 6 Lothian West 151 24 - 15 - 8 5 - - 1 12 11 Area of treatment tables Midlothian 142 37 - 9 1 1 6 - - 1 5 8 Moray 73 36 3 7 - 3 8 - - 1 3 7 Perth & Kinross 22 41 - 36 - - 5 - - - - - Renfrewshire 557 57 - 10 1 2 2 - 1 1 1 6 Stirling 180 74 - 3 1 1 2 - - 2 3 2 Island Councils 4 31 16 3 3 3 6 - - - - 3 10 Other Councils 5 17 53 - 24 - 6 6 - - - 6 -

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 5 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire. 6 Includes cases where some or all of the drug mentioned was obtained illicitly or where the source is unknown.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

46 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

Main drug 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 29 continued

Temazepam Temazepam Other Other Amphet- Cocaine Ecstasy Hallucin- Cannabis Solvents Other No prescribed — other 6 benzo- sedatives amines ogens drugs drug diazepines coded

- - 1 - 3 1 1 - 5 - 1 - Scotland2

by health board

- - - - 4 1 1 - 4 1 1 1 Argyll & Clyde - 2 - - 3 1 1 - 6 - 3 - Ayrshire & Arran 2 - - - - 9 3 3 1 12 - 1 - Borders ---- 1----- 1 - Dumfries & Galloway - - 1 - 4 1 1 - 8 1 - - Fife - - - - 6 1 1 - 5 1 1 3 Forth Valley - - 1 - 3 1 1 - 4 - 2 - Grampian - - - - 2 1 - - 3 - - 1 Greater Glasgow - - - - 10 - 2 - 11 1 - - Highland - - 7 - 2 2 1 - 5 - 1 - Lanarkshire - - - - 3 1 1 - 5 - 1 - Lothian - 1 - - 4 1 1 - 5 - 1 - Tayside - 3 6 - 23 3 - - 10 6 - 3 Island Boards 3

by council area

- - 1 - 3 1 1 - 4 - 2 - Aberdeen City - - - - 3 2 1 - 2 - 1 - Aberdeenshire - - - - 1 1 - - - - 1 1 Argyll & Bute - 1 - - 3 1 - - 3 - 2 - Ayrshire East 2 - 3 - - 3 1 1 - 9 1 6 - Ayrshire North 2 - 1 - - 4 - 1 - 3 - 1 - Ayrshire South 2 - - - - 9 3 3 1 12 - 1 - Borders ---- 1----- 1 - Dumfries & Galloway - - - - 4 1 - - 3 - - 1 Dunbartonshire East - 1 - - 3 2 1 - 11 - 1 - Dunbartonshire West - 1 - - 4 1 1 - 5 - 1 - Dundee City 1 - - - 3 1 1 - 3 - 1 - Edinburgh City - - - - 8 1 1 - 5 1 2 4 Falkirk - - 1 - 4 1 1 - 8 1 - - Fife - - - - 2 1 - - 3 - - 1 Glasgow City - - - - 10 - 2 - 11 1 - - Highland - 1 - - 2 - - - 1 - - - Inverclyde - - 8 - 2 2 2 - 6 - 1 - Lanarkshire North - - 1 - 1 - - - 2 - - - Lanarkshire South - - - - 4 - 4 - 4 - - - Lothian East - 1 1 - 8 2 3 - 9 1 1 1 Lothian West - 1 - - 6 3 1 - 18 2 - - Midlothian Area of treatment tables 4 - - - 15 1 3 - 10 - - - Moray - - - - 5 5 5 - 5 - - - Perth & Kinross - - - - 7 1 1 - 6 2 1 1 Renfrewshire - - - - 4 2 1 - 5 1 1 2 Stirling - 3 6 - 23 3 - - 10 6 - 3 Island Councils 4 ---- 6------Other Councils 5

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 47 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

30 All drugs 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 percentage of individuals reporting using each drug of misuse; health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

New Heroin Morphine Methadone Methadone Dihydro- Dihydro- Dipip- Bupren- Other Diazepam Diazepam individual prescribed — other7 codeine codeine anone orphine opiates prescribed — other 7 patients/ prescribed — other 7 clients

n=100% percentage

Scotland 3 11 123 65 1 19 10 6 15 1 1 1 12 30

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 328 77 - 18 5 6 8 - 1 1 10 35 Ayrshire & Arran 3 1 181 69 - 7 8 4 7 1 1 1 5 16 Borders 97 45 - 16 3 16 18 1 - - 25 34 Dumfries & Galloway 199 94 - 11 2 2 6 - - - 6 10 Fife 401 63 1 21 7 3 12 - 1 1 9 34 Forth Valley 270 75 - 3 5 5 19 - - 3 6 39 Grampian 1 344 84 1 16 7 12 12 2 1 - 10 23 Greater Glasgow 3 106 72 - 28 5 4 8 - - 1 8 29 Highland 125 54 1 20 11 8 30 1 2 2 25 31 Lanarkshire 605 74 - 12 2 2 8 - - 1 10 21 Lothian 2 050 40 1 19 23 10 31 - 1 2 21 42 Tayside 545 23 9 28 34 5 34 5 2 2 23 39 Island Boards 4 31 29 3 6 6 10 6 - 3 6 10 13

by council area

Aberdeen City 1 062 85 1 18 8 8 9 2 1 - 11 24 Aberdeenshire 228 92 - 10 7 33 22 1 2 - 10 12 Argyll & Bute 160 88 1 41 6 4 4 - - 1 18 43 Ayrshire East 3 623 73 - 8 10 5 7 - 1 1 4 14 Ayrshire North 3 452 62 - 5 4 6 8 2 3 1 6 17 Ayrshire South 3 209 75 - 8 9 1 5 1 - 1 8 21 Borders 97 45 - 16 3 16 18 1 - - 25 34 Dumfries & Galloway 199 94 - 11 2 2 6 - - - 6 10 Dunbartonshire East 108 72 - 23 2 8 12 - - - 16 14 Dunbartonshire West 272 72 1 16 8 3 6 - - - 13 38 Dundee City 528 22 9 28 35 5 34 5 2 2 23 40 Edinburgh City 1 799 41 1 20 25 11 33 - 1 2 21 45 Falkirk 93 71 - 2 2 5 19 - - 2 3 39 Fife 401 63 1 21 7 3 12 - 1 1 9 34 Glasgow City 2 894 72 - 28 5 4 8 - - 1 8 30 Highland 125 54 1 20 11 8 30 1 2 2 25 31 Inverclyde 390 92 - 15 5 14 10 - 1 1 6 30 Lanarkshire North 491 71 - 8 1 2 8 - 1 1 9 20 Lanarkshire South 202 81 - 29 5 5 7 - - 2 14 29 Lothian East 50 54 - 10 20 8 24 - - - 24 32 Lothian West 151 30 - 15 3 11 11 - 1 1 28 26

Area of treatment tables Midlothian 142 46 2 13 8 3 32 - 1 2 13 40 Moray 73 38 4 10 - 5 26 - 1 3 10 34 Perth & Kinross 22 50 9 41 9 5 18 - 5 5 36 14 Renfrewshire 557 65 - 12 2 4 9 - 2 1 8 33 Stirling 180 78 - 4 7 6 17 - - 3 8 41 Island Councils 5 31 29 3 6 6 10 6 - 3 6 10 13 Other Councils 6 17 76 - 29 - 6 24 - - - 12 24

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 The total drugs reported is greater than the number of new individual patients/clients because individuals may have reported use of more than one drug. Therefore percentages may add up to more than 100%. 3 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 6 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire. 7 Includes cases where some or all of the drug mentioned was obtained illicitly or where the source is unknown. 8 Alcohol is reported only if it is used as a secondary drug.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

48 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

All drugs 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 30 continued

Temazepam Temazepam Other Other Amphet- Cocaine Ecstasy Hallucin- Cannabis Solvents Alcohol 8 Other No prescribed —other 7 benzo- sedatives amines ogens drugs drug diazepines coded

1 7 5 2 8 4 4 - 28 1 10 4 - Scotland 3

by health board

1 12 5 1 7 5 4 - 28 1 9 3 1 Argyll & Clyde - 5 1 1 6 2 2 - 14 - 4 4 - Ayrshire & Arran 3 2 1 4 - 22 6 12 3 42 - 34 8 - Borders 1 2 5 - 2 2 1 1 18 - 1 2 - Dumfries & Galloway - 2 9 2 11 2 5 - 43 2 11 3 - Fife 1 4 6 1 9 4 4 - 21 1 7 6 3 Forth Valley 2 4 12 8 8 9 8 1 39 - 9 5 - Grampian 1 10 5 1 5 4 2 - 18 - 8 3 1 Greater Glasgow 1 3 6 1 22 2 12 1 42 2 18 4 - Highland - 7 12 1 5 6 6 1 24 - 18 5 - Lanarkshire 2 6 2 1 11 5 6 - 38 1 11 5 - Lothian 3 11 1 1 14 3 8 1 43 - 21 5 - Tayside 6 3 16 - 32 13 26 6 45 10 45 3 3 Island Boards 4

by council area

2 4 9 8 7 8 8 1 39 1 9 5 - Aberdeen City 1 4 29 5 7 18 6 1 35 - 6 4 - Aberdeenshire 1 22 11 1 3 16 3 - 24 - 17 6 1 Argyll & Bute - 3 1 - 5 1 2 - 12 - 3 2 - Ayrshire East 3 - 8 1 1 5 2 2 - 17 1 4 7 - Ayrshire North 3 - 3 1 1 6 3 2 - 9 - 5 2 - Ayrshire South 3 2 1 4 - 22 6 12 3 42 - 34 8 - Borders 1 2 5 - 2 2 1 1 18 - 1 2 - Dumfries & Galloway 3 12 1 - 7 6 6 4 33 - 6 2 1 Dunbartonshire East 1 6 3 1 5 5 3 1 53 1 11 6 - Dunbartonshire West 2 11 1 1 14 3 8 1 44 - 21 4 - Dundee City 2 7 2 2 11 4 6 - 37 1 12 5 - Edinburgh City 1 6 4 - 10 2 3 1 19 2 5 9 4 Falkirk - 2 9 2 11 2 5 - 43 2 11 3 - Fife 1 10 5 1 4 4 2 - 17 - 8 3 1 Glasgow City 1 3 6 1 22 2 12 1 42 2 18 4 - Highland 2 24 5 1 4 3 2 1 28 1 8 2 - Inverclyde - 7 13 1 5 6 6 1 25 - 20 5 - Lanarkshire North - 10 5 1 4 5 2 1 19 - 8 3 - Lanarkshire South - 2 2 - 16 2 8 - 30 - 6 - - Lothian East 1 3 3 - 14 4 7 - 34 1 9 7 1 Lothian West

1 8 4 - 16 8 13 1 56 2 11 4 - Midlothian Area of treatment tables 4 1 5 4 21 10 10 1 55 - 3 3 - Moray 5 5 - - 9 9 9 - 27 - 32 18 - Perth & Kinross 1 3 5 - 11 2 5 - 20 2 7 3 1 Renfrewshire 2 3 7 2 8 6 4 - 21 1 8 4 2 Stirling 6 3 16 - 32 13 26 6 45 10 45 3 3 Island Councils 5 - - - 6 6 - 6 - 12 - - - - Other Councils 6

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 49 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

31 Injecting 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Injected Injected Has Information New available in previous in past never unavailable individual month(but not in injected patients/ previous month) clients

n =100% percentage number

Scotland 2,3 9 812 39 20 40 608 10 420

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 286 44 15 41 42 1 328 Ayrshire & Arran 2 854 41 11 48 327 1 181 Borders 94 32 27 41 3 97 Dumfries & Galloway 196 78 8 14 3 199 Fife 394 37 17 46 7 401 Forth Valley 266 59 13 29 4 270 Grampian 3 653 59 15 26 10 663 Greater Glasgow 3 040 45 26 29 66 3 106 Highland 124 40 25 35 1 125 Lanarkshire 597 48 13 39 8 605 Lothian 3 1 911 18 24 58 117 2 028 Tayside 521 20 27 53 24 545 Island Boards 4 26 31 15 54 5 31

by council area

Aberdeen City 3 448 61 16 24 6 454 Aberdeenshire 3 142 68 9 23 2 144 Argyll & Bute 156 73 19 8 4 160 Ayrshire East 2 442 38 12 50 181 623 Ayrshire North 2 299 34 8 58 153 452 Ayrshire South 2 180 60 12 28 29 209 Borders 94 32 27 41 3 97 Dumfries & Galloway 196 78 8 14 3 199 Dunbartonshire East 107 36 31 34 1 108 Dunbartonshire West 270 43 24 33 2 272 Dundee City 505 20 27 53 23 528 Edinburgh City 3 1 682 19 24 57 95 1 777 Falkirk 93 60 10 30 - 93 Fife 394 37 17 46 7 401 Area of treatment tables Glasgow City 2 829 46 26 28 65 2 894 Highland 124 40 25 35 1 125 Inverclyde 388 62 12 26 2 390 Lanarkshire North 485 45 12 43 6 491 Lanarkshire South 199 53 19 28 3 202 Lothian East 48 25 19 56 2 50 Lothian West 134 10 28 61 17 151 Midlothian 137 14 16 70 5 142 Moray 70 29 24 47 3 73 Perth & Kinross 21 19 43 38 1 22 Renfrewshire 523 22 11 67 34 557 Stirling 176 61 14 24 4 180 Island Councils 5 26 31 15 54 5 31 Other Councils 6 17 24 12 65 - 17

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 A number of individuals have been reported at needle exchanges in the Grampian and Lothian areas, this may impact on injecting and sharing figures. To allow comparison with other areas, figures are shown excluding needle exchanges. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 81) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 6 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire, and East Renfrewshire.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

50 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

32 Age when first injected 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 individuals reported to have injected in past month; health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Under 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 years Information New available 15 years years years years years years and over unavailable individual patients/ clients

n =100% percentage number Scotland 2,3 3 195 3 40 34 16 5 2 1 666 3 861 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 454 2 39 34 17 6 2 - 111 565 Ayrshire & Arran 2 228 - 37 35 18 7 2 1 124 352 Borders 27 4 52 26 15 4 - - 3 30 Dumfries & Galloway 137 4 50 30 11 3 1 1 15 152 Fife 111 2 44 31 12 9 2 1 35 146 Forth Valley 142 1 42 33 19 4 1 1 14 156 Grampian 3 356 4 49 32 12 2 1 - 28 384 Greater Glasgow 1 190 3 36 36 18 5 2 1 179 1 369 Highland 46 - 30 28 22 17 2 - 3 49 Lanarkshire 243 1 35 39 17 5 1 1 43 286 Lothian 3 246 3 40 34 15 5 2 - 97 343 Tayside 84 7 55 19 14 4 1 - 19 103 Island Boards 4 3 - 67 33 - - - - 5 8 by council area

Aberdeen City 3 250 4 55 27 10 2 2 - 22 272 Aberdeenshire 3 93 3 37 43 13 4 - - 4 97 Argyll & Bute 112 4 44 35 14 3 1 - 2 114 Ayrshire East 2 95 - 39 34 16 7 4 - 75 170 Ayrshire North 2 58 2 26 36 21 12 - 3 43 101 Ayrshire South 2 89 - 39 36 18 6 1 - 19 108 Borders 27 4 52 26 15 4 - - 3 30 Dumfries & Galloway 137 4 50 30 11 3 1 1 15 152 Dunbartonshire East 33 - 21 55 15 6 3 - 5 38 Dunbartonshire West 108 4 38 30 20 6 2 - 8 116 Dundee City 80 5 56 19 15 4 1 - 19 99 Edinburgh City 3 230 3 40 36 15 4 2 - 88 318

Falkirk 52 - 42 33 19 6 - - 4 56 Area of treatment tables Fife 111 2 44 31 12 9 2 1 35 146 Glasgow City 1 129 3 36 35 18 5 2 1 164 1 293 Highland 46 - 30 28 22 17 2 - 3 49 Inverclyde 210 1 39 34 15 9 2 - 32 242 Lanarkshire North 186 1 34 39 17 6 1 1 33 219 Lanarkshire South 84 - 38 38 18 4 1 1 22 106 Lothian East 9 - 67 22 - 11 - - 3 12 Lothian West 9 - 22 44 11 22 - - 5 14 Midlothian 16 6 38 25 19 13 - - 3 19 Moray 18 - 44 33 17 - - 6 2 20 Perth & Kinross 4 50 25 25 - - - - - 4 Renfrewshire 42 2 33 40 24 - - - 73 115 Stirling 97 2 41 33 19 2 2 1 11 108 Island Councils 5 3 - 67 33 - - - - 5 8 Other Councils 6 3 - 33 33 - - 33 - 1 4

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 A number of individuals have been reported at needle exchanges in the Grampian and Lothian areas, this may impact on injecting and sharing figures. To allow comparison with other areas, figures are shown excluding needle exchanges. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 81) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 6 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire and East Renfrewshire.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 51 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

33 Sharing injecting equipment 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 individuals reported to have injected in past month; health board and council area in which service is located

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Shared Shared Has Information New available in previous in past never unavailable individual month(but not in shared patients/ previous clients month)

n =100% percentage number

Scotland 2,3 2 944 34 26 40 917 3 861

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 423 44 25 31 142 565 Ayrshire & Arran 2 221 24 19 57 131 352 Borders 25 28 36 36 5 30 Dumfries & Galloway 107 39 28 33 45 152 Fife 127 28 35 38 19 146 Forth Valley 139 32 34 34 17 156 Grampian 3 328 50 19 31 56 384 Greater Glasgow 1 073 26 32 42 296 1 369 Highland 42 48 29 24 7 49 Lanarkshire 234 42 14 44 52 286 Lothian 3 210 32 25 42 133 343 Tayside 74 26 27 47 29 103 Island Boards 4 8 13 13 75 - 8

by council area

Aberdeen City 3 225 45 21 34 47 272 Aberdeenshire 3 89 63 11 26 8 97 Argyll & Bute 93 63 15 22 21 114 Ayrshire East 2 102 30 20 50 68 170 Ayrshire North 2 50 18 18 64 51 101 Ayrshire South 2 81 21 19 60 27 108 Borders 25 28 36 36 5 30 Dumfries & Galloway 107 39 28 33 45 152 Dunbartonshire East 29 45 17 38 9 38 Dunbartonshire West 101 28 34 39 15 116 Dundee City 70 26 29 46 29 99 Edinburgh City 3 194 31 27 42 124 318 Area of treatment tables Falkirk 51 35 27 37 5 56 Fife 127 28 35 38 19 146 Glasgow City 1 017 26 32 42 276 1 293 Highland 42 48 29 24 7 49 Inverclyde 196 49 23 27 46 242 Lanarkshire North 183 40 13 47 36 219 Lanarkshire South 83 40 16 45 23 106 Lothian East 9 22 22 56 3 12 Lothian West 8 63 - 38 6 14 Midlothian 14 21 7 71 5 19 Moray 17 47 24 29 3 20 Perth & Kinross 4 25 - 75 - 4 Renfrewshire 50 24 34 42 65 115 Stirling 95 32 37 32 13 108 Island Councils 5 8 13 13 75 - 8 Other Councils 6 4 25 25 50 - 4

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 A number of individuals have been reported at needle exchanges in the Grampian and Lothian areas, this may impact on injecting and sharing figures. To allow comparison with other areas, figures are shown excluding needle exchanges. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 81) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 6 Other Councils includes: Clackmannanshire, and East Renfrewshire.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

52 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

34 Type of service returning forms : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

ALL VALID FORMS

All Penal General Specialist Needle Outpatient Resid- Social Services Establish- Practice Drug Exchange 6 ential Work 8 ments 4 Services 5 Rehab- ilitation 7

Scotland 1 13 393 173 1 754 9 817 774 427 411 37 2 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 430 - 177 1 020 - 218 15 - - Ayshire & Arran 1 1 456 - 21 1 430 - 1 4 - - Borders 81 - 2 75 - - 4 - - Dumfries & Galloway 214 - 22 188 - 3 1 - - Fife 476 - 50 387 - - 26 13 - Forth Valley 318 - 11 300 - - 7 - - Grampian 1 693 173 144 623 743 - 10 - - Greater Glasgow 3 846 - 523 2 934 1 194 174 20 - Highland 132 - 11 119 1 - 1 - - Lanarkshire 601 - 80 504 - 4 13 - - Lothian 2 487 - 699 1 618 26 - 144 - 2 Tayside 615 - 7 602 - - 6 - - Island Boards 2 36 - 6 16 2 7 1 4 - Outside Scotland 8 - 1 1 1 - 5 - - by council area

Aberdeen City 1 254 173 126 348 601 - 6 - - Aberdeenshire 363 - 17 200 142 - 4 - - Angus 69-- 69----- Argyll & Bute 48 - 22 19 - 1 6 - - Ayrshire East 1 451 - 3 448 - - - - - Ayrshire North 1 705 - 13 687 - 1 4 - - Ayrshire South 1 301 - 5 296 - - - - - Borders 81 - 2 75 - - 4 - - Clackmannanshire 54- 7 47----- Dumfries & Galloway 215 - 22 189 - 3 1 - - Dunbartonshire East 167 - 52 98 - 16 1 - - Dunbartonshire West 348 - 67 272 - 6 3 - - Dundee City 403 - 4 396 - - 3 - - Edinburgh City 1 804 - 516 1 147 26 - 115 - 2 Falkirk 160 - 2 154 - - 4 - - Fife 474 - 49 386 - - 26 13 - Glasgow City 3 405 - 425 2 623 1 164 172 20 - Highland 132 - 11 119 1 - 1 - - Inverclyde 452 - 60 182 - 209 1 - - Lanarkshire North 421 - 25 383 - 7 6 - - Lanarkshire South 340 - 75 251 - 5 9 - - Lothian East 179 - 50 125 - - 4 - - Lothian West 306 - 90 210 - - 6 - - Midlothian 199 - 44 136 - - 19 - - Moray 78- 3 75----- Perth & Kinross 144 - 3 138 - - 3 - - Renfrewshire 571 - 33 528 - 8 2 - - Renfrewshire East 121 - 19 100 - - 2 - - Stirling 104 - 2 99 - - 3 - - Island Councils 3 36 - 6 16 2 7 1 4 - Outside Scotland 8 - 1 1 1 - 5 - -

1 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 2 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 3 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 4 Prisons and young offender institutions. The numbers relate to forms returned directly by penal establishments. Information about prisoners may also be reported by specialist drug services, etc. 5 Includes non-residential, statutory and non-statutory specialist drug services. 6 In year 1999/00 information was received from 3 static needle exchanges. 7 Includes 2 cases in supported accommodation. 8 Includes social work services and social work offender services.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database. Area of residence tables

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 53 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

35 Age group analysis 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

All Ages Under 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 years 15 years years years years years years and over

Scotland 2 11 123 52 1 425 3 262 3 071 1 946 863 504

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 237 7 224 398 299 193 87 29 Ayshire & Arran 2 1 183 15 201 362 324 162 67 52 Borders 78 - 15 26 23 9 1 4 Dumfries & Galloway 199 - 37 82 53 17 8 2 Fife 430 6 86 152 94 52 30 10 Forth Valley 277 1 45 93 63 40 19 16 Grampian 1 344 5 235 505 325 156 76 42 Greater Glasgow 3 223 7 229 783 1 053 717 301 133 Highland 124 - 11 17 32 38 19 7 Lanarkshire 536 1 68 169 145 81 36 36 Lothian 1 989 10 223 560 526 375 155 140 Tayside 544 - 55 133 150 111 61 34 Island Boards 3 31- 5 9 8 4 3 2 Outside Scotland 8 - - 3 4 - 1 -

by council area

Aberdeen City 965 4 181 353 222 125 55 25 Aberdeenshire 317 1 48 138 78 24 19 9 Angus 66 - 7 19 16 13 6 5 Argyll & Bute 42 - 6 22 7 5 2 - Ayrshire East 2 368 3 63 117 101 48 24 12 Ayrshire North 2 582 11 106 174 153 81 28 29 Ayrshire South 2 251 1 35 77 77 34 16 11 Borders 78 - 15 26 23 9 1 4 Clackmannanshire 45 - 7 20 12 4 1 1 Dumfries & Galloway 200 - 37 83 53 17 8 2 Dunbartonshire East 131 - 13 45 33 20 14 6 Dunbartonshire West 303 5 50 91 76 48 25 8 Dundee City 358 - 44 81 98 74 38 23 Edinburgh City 1 445 3 126 391 382 301 120 122 Falkirk 146 1 28 45 30 23 12 7 Fife 428 6 86 150 94 52 30 10 Glasgow City 2 864 5 195 670 941 659 271 123 Highland 124 - 11 17 32 38 19 7 Inverclyde 382 - 71 131 92 61 24 3 Lanarkshire North 370 1 49 109 85 63 28 35 Lanarkshire South 306 - 33 102 102 50 15 4 Lothian East 152 2 33 45 32 23 9 8 Lothian West 251 1 39 70 75 37 22 7 Midlothian 158 4 26 62 39 17 5 5 Moray 76 - 10 19 27 8 4 8 Perth & Kinross 122 - 4 35 36 24 17 6 Renfrewshire 512 3 94 154 136 74 35 16 Renfrewshire East 105 1 16 29 31 12 10 6 Stirling 88 - 12 28 21 13 6 8 Island Councils 4 31- 5 9 8 4 3 2 Outside Scotland 8 - - 3 4 - 1 -

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database. Area of residence tables

54 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

36 Age group analysis of males 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

All Ages Under 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 years 15 years years years years years years and over

Scotland 2 7 490 35 835 2 124 2 138 1 406 611 341 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 829 5 122 256 212 140 70 24 Ayshire & Arran 2 751 8 104 227 231 112 39 30 Borders 58 - 11 18 18 7 1 3 Dumfries & Galloway 125 - 24 48 37 9 5 2 Fife 311 4 51 116 70 40 25 5 Forth Valley 199 - 29 69 42 31 15 13 Grampian 963 3 152 348 251 117 61 31 Greater Glasgow 2 093 6 122 458 691 512 204 100 Highland 81 - 8 9 20 28 13 3 Lanarkshire 391 1 49 128 105 59 30 19 Lothian 1 331 8 129 370 366 271 101 86 Tayside 383 - 39 86 106 84 44 24 Island Boards 3 27- 3 7 8 4 3 2 Outside Scotland 3 - - 1 2 - - - by council area

Aberdeen City 694 2 115 244 169 98 44 22 Aberdeenshire 227 1 33 96 64 13 15 5 Angus 48 - 7 12 13 8 3 5 Argyll & Bute 24 - 1 14 5 2 2 - Ayrshire East 2 244 1 31 81 76 35 13 7 Ayrshire North 2 375 6 56 113 112 53 17 18 Ayrshire South 2 142 1 18 37 47 25 9 5 Borders 58 - 11 18 18 7 1 3 Clackmannanshire 37 - 6 16 10 4 - 1 Dumfries & Galloway 126 - 24 49 37 9 5 2 Dunbartonshire East 97 - 7 31 24 17 13 5 Dunbartonshire West 216 5 26 64 57 39 20 5 Dundee City 258 - 28 54 72 61 29 14 Edinburgh City 939 3 60 246 261 214 80 75 Falkirk 105 - 17 33 19 19 10 7 Fife 310 4 51 115 70 40 25 5 Glasgow City 1 849 4 102 392 607 471 181 92 Highland 81 - 8 9 20 28 13 3 Inverclyde 240 - 41 79 63 35 20 2 Lanarkshire North 277 1 37 85 64 48 23 19 Lanarkshire South 205 - 22 65 71 31 14 2 Lothian East 115 1 25 34 25 19 4 7 Lothian West 184 1 31 54 54 26 15 3 Midlothian 105 3 14 40 28 14 3 3 Moray 51 - 6 12 20 6 3 4 Perth & Kinross 79 - 4 22 21 15 12 5 Renfrewshire 346 2 51 94 102 58 24 15 Renfrewshire East 71 - 7 21 20 11 7 5 Stirling 59 - 8 20 13 8 5 5 Island Councils 4 27- 3 7 8 4 3 2 Outside Scotland 3 - - 1 2 - - -

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database. Area of residence tables

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 55 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

37 Age group analysis of females 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

All Ages Under 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 years 15 years years years years years years and over

Scotland 2 3 633 17 590 1 138 933 540 252 163

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 408 2 102 142 87 53 17 5 Ayshire & Arran 2 432 7 97 135 93 50 28 22 Borders 20 - 4 8 5 2 - 1 Dumfries & Galloway 74 - 13 34 16 8 3 - Fife 119 2 35 36 24 12 5 5 Forth Valley 78 1 16 24 21 9 4 3 Grampian 381 2 83 157 74 39 15 11 Greater Glasgow 1 130 1 107 325 362 205 97 33 Highland 43 - 3 8 12 10 6 4 Lanarkshire 145 - 19 41 40 22 6 17 Lothian 658 2 94 190 160 104 54 54 Tayside 161 - 16 47 44 27 17 10 Island Boards 3 4 - 2 2 - - - - Outside Scotland 5 - - 2 2 - 1 -

by council area

Aberdeen City 271 2 66 109 53 27 11 3 Aberdeenshire 90 - 15 42 14 11 4 4 Angus 18 - - 7 3 5 3 - Argyll & Bute 18- 5 8 2 3 - - Ayrshire East 2 124 2 32 36 25 13 11 5 Ayrshire North 2 207 5 50 61 41 28 11 11 Ayrshire South 2 109 - 17 40 30 9 7 6 Borders 20 - 4 8 5 2 - 1 Clackmannanshire 8 - 1 4 2 - 1 - Dumfries & Galloway 74 - 13 34 16 8 3 - Dunbartonshire East 34 - 6 14 9 3 1 1 Dunbartonshire West 87 - 24 27 19 9 5 3 Dundee City 100 - 16 27 26 13 9 9 Edinburgh City 506 - 66 145 121 87 40 47 Falkirk 41 1 11 12 11 4 2 - Fife 118 2 35 35 24 12 5 5 Glasgow City 1 015 1 93 278 334 188 90 31 Highland 43 - 3 8 12 10 6 4 Inverclyde 142 - 30 52 29 26 4 1 Lanarkshire North 93 - 12 24 21 15 5 16 Lanarkshire South 101 - 11 37 31 19 1 2 Lothian East 37 1 8 11 7 4 5 1 Lothian West 67 - 8 16 21 11 7 4 Midlothian 53 1 12 22 11 3 2 2 Moray 25- 4 7 7 2 1 4 Perth & Kinross 43 - - 13 15 9 5 1 Renfrewshire 166 1 43 60 34 16 11 1 Renfrewshire East 34 1 9 8 11 1 3 1 Stirling 29- 4 8 8 5 1 3 Island Councils 4 4 - 2 2 - - - - Outside Scotland 5 - - 2 2 - 1 -

Area of residence tables Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

56 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

38 Ethnic origin 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information White Indian Afro- Information New available sub- caribbean unavailable individual continent patients/ clients

Scotland 2 10 612 10 595 10 7 511 11 123 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 141 1 140 1 - 96 1 237 Ayshire & Arran 2 1 099 1 095 1 3 84 1 183 Borders 76 76 - - 2 78 Dumfries & Galloway 193 193 - - 6 199 Fife 415 415 - - 15 430 Forth Valley 260 260 - - 17 277 Grampian 1 314 1 312 1 1 30 1 344 Greater Glasgow 3 061 3 052 7 2 162 3 223 Highland 121 121 - - 3 124 Lanarkshire 521 520 1 - 15 536 Lothian 1 921 1 920 - 1 68 1 989 Tayside 524 524 - - 20 544 Island Boards 3 31 31 - - - 31 Outside Scotland 8 8 - - - 8 by council area

Aberdeen City 945 943 1 1 20 965 Aberdeenshire 309 309 - - 8 317 Angus 61 61 - - 5 66 Argyll & Bute 39 39 - - 3 42 Ayrshire East 2 336 334 1 1 32 368 Ayrshire North 2 552 551 - 1 30 582 Ayrshire South 2 226 225 - 1 25 251 Borders 76 76 - - 2 78 Clackmannanshire 43 43 - - 2 45 Dumfries & Galloway 194 194 - - 6 200 Dunbartonshire East 127 127 - - 4 131 Dunbartonshire West 294 294 - - 9 303 Dundee City 346 346 - - 12 358 Edinburgh City 1 404 1 403 - 1 41 1 445 Falkirk 138 138 - - 8 146 Fife 413 413 - - 15 428 Glasgow City 2 713 2 704 7 2 151 2 864 Highland 121 121 - - 3 124 Inverclyde 362 361 1 - 20 382 Lanarkshire North 358 358 - - 12 370 Lanarkshire South 298 298 - - 8 306 Lothian East 143 143 - - 9 152 Lothian West 237 237 - - 14 251 Midlothian 153 153 - - 5 158 Moray 73 73 - - 3 76 Perth & Kinross 119 119 - - 3 122 Renfrewshire 448 448 - - 64 512 Renfrewshire East 104 104 - - 1 105 Stirling 81 81 - - 7 88 Island Councils 4 31 31 - - - 31 Outside Scotland 8 8 - - - 8

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database. Area of residence tables

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 57 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

39 Source of referral 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Self GP Family Friend Specialist Psych- Social Social Other 6 Information New available Drug iatrist/ work work unavailable individual Services5 mental services offenders patients/ health services clients services n =100% percentage number

Scotland 2 10 745 38 42 2 1 2 3 5 3 4 378 11 123

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 220 42 37 2 - 1 5 5 4 3 17 1 237 Ayshire & Arran 2 1 172 39 33 5 - 9 3 - 2 7 11 1 183 Borders 77 17 68 - - - 6 4 4 1 1 78 Dumfries & Galloway 194 54 33 3 3 1 1 2 3 1 5 199 Fife 424 54 27 4 1 1 1 6 2 3 6 430 Forth Valley 271 37 37 6 - - 5 4 6 5 6 277 Grampian 1 242 67 23 2 2 - - 2 1 2 102 1 344 Greater Glasgow 3 128 31 44 2 1 2 3 10 5 3 95 3 223 Highland 123 35 48 2 - - 5 1 2 7 1 124 Lanarkshire 528 26 54 2 - 1 1 7 5 3 8 536 Lothian 1 867 31 54 2 1 3 4 1 1 3 122 1 989 Tayside 537 28 62- - 1 2 2 1 2 7 544 Island Boards 3 31 61 32 3----- 3 - 31 Outside Scotland 8 50 - - - 13 13 25 - - - 8

by council area

Aberdeen City 883 71 20 2 3 - - 1 1 2 82 965 Aberdeenshire 299 63 28 2 2 - 1 1 - 2 18 317 Angus 65 17 71 2 - - 3 3 5 - 1 66 Argyll & Bute 41 41 39 2 - - 5 10 2 - 1 42 Ayrshire East 2 363 39 32 5 - 13 4 - 2 5 5 368 Ayrshire North 2 581 44 32 7 - 3 2 - 2 9 1 582 Ayrshire South 2 246 28 38 2 1 20 3 - 1 7 5 251 Borders 77 17 68 - - - 6 4 4 1 1 78 Clackmannanshire 43 28 56 5 - - - 2 5 5 2 45 Dumfries & Galloway 195 54 33 3 3 1 1 2 3 1 5 200 Dunbartonshire East 127 36 37 2 2 2 3 8 9 2 4 131 Dunbartonshire West 299 28 39 6 1 1 3 13 7 2 4 303 Dundee City 354 30 60- 1 2 3 1 1 2 4 358 Edinburgh City 1 349 29 56 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 96 1 445 Falkirk 143 43 30 9 - 1 6 3 4 5 3 146 Fife 422 54 27 5 1 1 1 6 2 3 6 428 Glasgow City 2 776 31 43 2 1 2 3 10 4 4 88 2 864 Highland 123 35 48 2 - - 5 1 2 7 1 124 Inverclyde 380 41 37 3 - - 5 3 5 6 2 382 Lanarkshire North 368 25 53 3 - 1 2 6 6 4 2 370 Lanarkshire South 294 27 51 2 - 1 - 9 7 2 12 306 Lothian East 145 45 46 2 - 2 1 2 1 1 7 152 Lothian West 238 26 58 3 1 2 4 1 1 4 13 251 Midlothian 151 40 45 5 - 1 3 3 2 1 7 158 Moray 74 36 50 3 - 1 1 4 - 4 2 76 Perth & Kinross 120 28 64 1 - - - 2 2 3 2 122 Renfrewshire 506 53 32 1 - 1 7 3 2 3 6 512 Renfrewshire East 101 21 64 2 1 2 3 5 2 - 4 105 Stirling 87 32 40 2 1 - 6 6 8 5 1 88 Island Councils 4 31 61 32 3----- 3 - 31 Outside Scotland 8 50 - - - 13 13 25 - - - 8

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 5 Includes non-residential, statutory and non-statutory specialist drug services. Area of residence tables 6 Other includes: General hospital services, Other nursing staff, Residential drug projects, and Court.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

58 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

40 Place of initial contact 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information At On In At In At GP Other Information New available agency phone street home prison surgery unavailable individual patients/ clients

n =100% percentage number

Scotland 3 5 823 64 17 1 3 1 5 10 507 6 330 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 700 72 7 - 1 - 2 17 69 769 Ayshire & Arran 3 637 40 20 1 3 - 12 24 328 965 Borders 59 25 24 2 10 - 27 12 6 65 Fife 373 40 39 1 6 - 9 5 4 377 Forth Valley 259 54 34 - - - 8 3 7 266 Grampian 964 81 10 1 2 1 - 5 15 979 Greater Glasgow 1 766 69 9 - 4 1 8 10 56 1 822 Highland 83 46 34 - 8 - 5 7 6 89 Lanarkshire 262 81 9 - - 1 2 7 4 266 Lothian 685 54 40 - 1 - - 4 13 698 Tayside 55 71 18 2 5 - - 4 2 57 Island Boards 4 19 84 5 - 11 - - - 1 20 Outside Scotland 7 14 71 - - 14 - - - 7 by council area

Aberdeen City 690 90 3 - - 1 - 6 10 700 Aberdeenshire 210 70 18 5 4 1 - 2 5 215 Angus 3 67 33------3 Argyll & Bute 7 14 29 - 14 - - 43 1 8 Ayrshire East 3 212 46 17 - 2 - 24 11 70 282 Ayrshire North 3 260 32 28 2 3 - 3 32 240 500 Ayrshire South 3 173 46 11 1 4 - 12 27 23 196 Borders 59 25 24 2 10 - 27 12 6 65 Clackmannanshire 38 95 5------38 Dunbartonshire East 59 47 7-- 2- 44 1 60 Dunbartonshire West 159 69 10 - 13 1 - 7 4 163 Dundee City 31 68 16 3 6 - - 6 1 32 Edinburgh City 531 62 32 - 2 - - 4 10 541 Falkirk 141 47 40 - - 1 10 2 4 145 Fife 373 40 39 1 6 - 9 5 4 377 Glasgow City 1 589 70 9 1 3 1 8 9 49 1 638 Highland 83 46 34 - 8 - 5 7 6 89 Inverclyde 144 95 1 - - 1 - 3 - 144 Lanarkshire North 184 77 11 - - 2 1 9 1 185 Lanarkshire South 164 77 9 - 2 - 9 4 5 169 Lothian East 44 23 75 - 2 - - - 1 45 Lothian West 50 40 52 - - - 2 6 2 52 Midlothian 65 22 74 - - - - 5 - 65 Moray 73 27 53 - 15 - 3 1 - 73 Perth & Kinross 21 76 19 - 5 - - - 1 22 Renfrewshire 386 68 8 - - - 2 23 42 428 Renfrewshire East 48 48 6 - - - 15 31 26 74 Stirling 82 50 37 - - - 7 6 3 85 Island Councils 5 19 84 5 - 11 - - - 1 20 Outside Scotland 7 14 71 - - 14 - - - 7

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 59 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

41 Place where individual was assessed 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information At On In At In At GP Other Information New available agency phone street home prison surgery unavailable individual patients/ clients

n =100% percentage number

Scotland 3 4 963 75 1 - 8 1 5 11 1 367 6 330

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 356 85 - - 2 - 2 10 413 769 Ayshire & Arran 3 591 70 1 1 9 - 5 15 374 965 Borders 52 4 - - 44 - 27 25 13 65 Fife 352 39 1 - 24 - 14 22 25 377 Forth Valley 251 82 - - - 1 4 13 15 266 Grampian 874 81 - - 12 1 1 5 105 979 Greater Glasgow 1 523 78- - 4 1 6 10 299 1 822 Highland 82 83 1 - 10 - 1 5 7 89 Lanarkshire 228 89 - - 3 1 1 6 38 266 Lothian 629 78 1 - 5 - 2 15 69 698 Tayside 43 72 - - 26 - - 2 14 57 Island Boards 4 19 84 - - 11 - - 5 1 20 Outside Scotland 3 67 - - - 33 - - 4 7

by council area

Aberdeen City 608 91 - - 2 1 - 6 92 700 Aberdeenshire 201 69 1 - 26 2 - 2 14 215 Angus 3 100------3 Argyll & Bute 5 20 - - 20 - - 60 3 8 Ayrshire East 3 198 71 1 1 6 - 6 16 84 282 Ayrshire North 3 236 73 - 1 11 - 4 11 264 500 Ayrshire South 3 165 63 2 - 9 - 7 19 31 196 Borders 52 4 - - 44 - 27 25 13 65 Clackmannanshire 38 100------38 Dunbartonshire East 59 53 - - - 2 - 46 1 60 Dunbartonshire West 137 80 - - 15 - - 6 26 163 Dundee City 25 68 - - 28 - - 4 7 32 Edinburgh City 492 80 1 - 5 - - 13 49 541 Falkirk 136 71 1 - - 1 7 21 9 145 Fife 352 39 1 - 24 - 14 22 25 377 Glasgow City 1 351 80 - - 4 1 7 9 287 1 638 Highland 82 83 1 - 10 - 1 5 7 89 Inverclyde 141 96 - - 1 1 1 1 3 144 Lanarkshire North 173 92 - - - 2 1 6 12 185 Lanarkshire South 132 83 - - 7 - 5 5 37 169 Lothian East 44 82 - - 2 - 2 14 1 45 Lothian West 36 22 - - 3 - 25 50 16 52 Midlothian 62 82----- 18 3 65 Moray 73 36 - - 53 - 7 4 - 73 Perth & Kinross 15 73 - - 27 - - - 7 22 Renfrewshire 74 92----- 8 354 428 Renfrewshire East 42 43 - - - - 17 40 32 74 Stirling 79 92 - - 1 1 - 5 6 85 Island Councils 5 19 84 - - 11 - - 5 1 20 Outside Scotland 3 67 - - - 33 - - 4 7

Area of residence tables 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

60 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

42 Employment status 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Never Unemployed Unemployed Employed 5 Student Other 6 Information New available employed (one year (less than unavailable individual or longer) one year) patients/ clients

n=100% percentage number

Scotland 2 10 676 14 52 18 13 2 2 447 11 123 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 199 18 57 14 9 2 - 38 1 237 Ayshire & Arran 2 985 4 27 40 14 5 10 198 1 183 Borders 75 23 43 20 13 - 1 3 78 Dumfries & Galloway 195 13 54 22 11 - - 4 199 Fife 422 14 43 22 18 4 1 8 430 Forth Valley 267 14 43 22 18 2 1 10 277 Grampian 1 320 6 41 26 21 3 2 24 1 344 Greater Glasgow 3 167 18 61 11 8 1 - 56 3 223 Highland 122 11 48 21 19 - 1 2 124 Lanarkshire 533 11 48 20 19 1 1 3 536 Lothian 1 896 14 55 15 13 2 2 93 1 989 Tayside 536 17 61 12 8 1 1 8 544 Island Boards 3 30 13 43 17 20 3 3 1 31 Outside Scotland 3 - - 33 67 - - 5 8 by council area

Aberdeen City 948 6 45 27 17 4 2 17 965 Aberdeenshire 312 5 31 29 31 3 2 5 317 Angus 65 15 52 23 8 2 - 1 66 Argyll & Bute 42 19 55 14 7 2 2 - 42 Ayrshire East 2 303 6 31 37 15 3 9 65 368 Ayrshire North 2 492 3 21 45 15 8 8 90 582 Ayrshire South 2 205 3 36 32 11 3 16 46 251 Borders 75 23 43 20 13 - 1 3 78 Clackmannanshire 44 7 50 20 20 2 - 1 45 Dumfries & Galloway 196 13 54 22 11 - - 4 200 Dunbartonshire East 130 5 53 22 19 2 - 1 131 Dunbartonshire West 298 11 54 22 9 3 - 5 303 Dundee City 354 21 60 11 8 1 1 4 358 Edinburgh City 1 369 17 59 12 10 1 1 76 1 445 Falkirk 138 21 31 22 23 3 - 8 146 Fife 420 13 43 22 18 4 1 8 428 Glasgow City 2 813 20 62 10 7 1 - 51 2 864 Highland 122 11 48 21 19 - 1 2 124 Inverclyde 380 18 57 15 9 1 - 2 382 Lanarkshire North 370 10 47 22 20 1 1 - 370 Lanarkshire South 300 16 50 17 15 2 - 6 306 Lothian East 150 12 34 25 24 5 - 2 152 Lothian West 239 5 51 19 20 2 4 12 251 Midlothian 155 5 47 23 19 4 1 3 158 Moray 74 14 41 15 27 4 - 2 76 Perth & Kinross 119 8 70 11 10 - 1 3 122 Renfrewshire 480 17 61 10 9 3 - 32 512 Renfrewshire East 105 23 48 13 12 3 1 - 105 Stirling 87 7 59 24 8 - 2 1 88 Island Councils 4 30 13 43 17 20 3 3 1 31 Outside Scotland 3 - - 33 67 - - 5 8

4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. Area of residence tables 5 Employed includes training. 6 Other comprises: housewife/househusband/childcare, retired, invalid, and employed in black/grey economy.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 61 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

43 a Living situation 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Infor- Lives Lives Lives Lives Lives Lives in No Other 6 Infor- New mation alone with with with with Resid- fixed mation indiv- available parents spouse/ spouse/ other ential abode unavail- idual partner partner & persons rehab- able patients/ parents ilitation clients

n = 100% percentage 2 number

Scotland 3 10 700 26 30 28 1 8 2 3 3 423 11 123

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 201 26 37 22 - 7 1 4 2 36 1 237 Ayshire & Arran 3 977 22 31 31 - 3 1 3 10 206 1 183 Borders 76 34 36 24 - 5 - 1 - 2 78 Dumfries & Galloway 199 23 37 28 1 8 - 3 2 - 199 Fife 425 21 36 28 1 8 - 3 1 5 430 Forth Valley 270 23 36 27 1 10 - 3 - 7 277 Grampian 1 329 25 31 25 1 12 - 4 2 15 1 344 Greater Glasgow 3 171 25 29 28 1 7 4 3 3 52 3 223 Highland 121 21 28 32 - 12 2 3 1 3 124 Lanarkshire 530 16 44 25 1 9 2 3 - 6 536 Lothian 1 906 29 20 34 1 8 1 4 3 83 1 989 Tayside 532 36 19 29 1 7 - 3 4 12 544 Island Boards 4 29 31 31 21 - 14 - 3 - 2 31 Outside Scotland 5 40 - 40 - 20 - - - 3 8

by council area

Aberdeen City 953 26 28 24 1 13 - 5 3 12 965 Aberdeenshire 317 22 40 26 1 8 - 1 1 - 317 Angus 64 41 19 28 - 9 - 3 - 2 66 Argyll & Bute 42 29 26 21 - 10 10 2 2 - 42 Ayrshire East 3 304 18 32 34 - 5 - 3 9 64 368 Ayrshire North 3 487 22 33 29 - 2 1 3 10 95 582 Ayrshire South 3 201 24 23 35 - 2 - 3 12 50 251 Borders 76 34 36 24 - 5 - 1 - 2 78 Clackmannanshire 42 24 45 19 - 5 - 7 - 3 45 Dumfries & Galloway 200 23 37 28 1 8 - 3 2 - 200 Dunbartonshire East 130 17 42 29 - 12 - - - 1 131 Dunbartonshire West 296 23 32 27 1 8 1 5 3 7 303 Dundee City 352 37 20 28 1 7 - 3 4 6 358 Edinburgh City 1 379 31 15 36 1 8 1 4 3 66 1 445 Falkirk 143 23 38 27 - 10 - 1 - 3 146 Fife 423 21 36 28 1 8 - 3 1 5 428 Glasgow City 2 818 26 28 28 1 6 4 4 3 46 2 864 Highland 121 21 28 32 - 12 2 3 1 3 124 Inverclyde 378 25 48 19 - 4 1 3 1 4 382 Lanarkshire North 366 16 42 28 1 10 1 2 - 4 370 Lanarkshire South 301 20 45 20 1 8 2 3 1 5 306 Lothian East 149 20 41 21 1 11 1 3 2 3 152 Lothian West 239 26 28 33 1 8 - 3 - 12 251 Midlothian 155 18 41 28 1 5 1 4 2 3 158 Moray 73 22 29 37 - 8 1 - 3 3 76 Perth & Kinross 118 31 18 34 1 8 - 3 5 4 122 Renfrewshire 487 28 30 24 - 9 1 4 4 25 512 Renfrewshire East 103 23 38 28 1 8 - 1 1 2 105 Stirling 87 21 31 30 3 10 1 3 - 1 88 Island Councils 5 29 31 31 21 - 14 - 3 - 2 31 Outside Scotland 5 40 - 40 - 20 - - - 3 8

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. Area of residence tables 2 Includes individuals living with dependent children (see Table 43b). 3 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 6 Other includes: hostel, children's home, B&B/hotel and hospital.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

62 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

43 b Living with dependent children 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Infor- Lives with dependent children and : Infor- New mation alone with with with Other in No Other 6 mation indiv- available 5 parents spouse/ spouse/ persons Resid- fixed unavail- idual partner partner & ential abode able patients/ parents rehab- clients ilitation number n = 100% percentage 7

Scotland 2 10 700 7 1 10----- 423 11 123 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 201 6 1 8 - - - - - 36 1 237 Ayshire & Arran 2 977 6 1 5 - - - - - 206 1 183 Borders 76 3 1 16----- 2 78 Dumfries & Galloway 199 11 2 16 - 1 - - - - 199 Fife 425 4- 15----- 5 430 Forth Valley 270 6 4 16----- 7 277 Grampian 1 329 5 - 5 - - - - - 15 1 344 Greater Glasgow 3 171 8 2 12----- 52 3 223 Highland 121 8 2 8 - - - - - 3 124 Lanarkshire 530 5 2 10 1 - - - - 6 536 Lothian 1 906 10 1 14 - - - - - 83 1 989 Tayside 532 9 2 12 1 - - - - 12 544 Island Boards 3 29 3--- 3--- 2 31 Outside Scotland 5 40 - 20 - - - - - 3 8 by council area

Aberdeen City 953 5 1 4 - - - - - 12 965 Aberdeenshire 317 6 - 4 ------317 Angus 64 6 - 3 - - - - - 2 66 Argyll & Bute 42 12 5 5 - 2 - - - - 42 Ayrshire East 2 304 6 - 3 - - - - - 64 368 Ayrshire North 2 487 6 1 6 - - - - - 95 582 Ayrshire South 2 201 6 1 4 - - - - - 50 251 Borders 76 3 1 16----- 2 78 Clackmannanshire 42 5 2 14----- 3 45 Dumfries & Galloway 200 11 2 16 - 1 - - - - 200 Dunbartonshire East 130 2 - 9 - - - - - 1 131 Dunbartonshire West 296 7 - 15 1 - - - - 7 303 Dundee City 352 9 2 13 1 - - - - 6 358 Edinburgh City 1 379 10 1 14 - - - - - 66 1 445 Falkirk 143 6 3 13 - 1 - - - 3 146 Fife 423 4- 15----- 5 428 Glasgow City 2 818 8 2 11----- 46 2 864 Highland 121 8 2 8 - - - - - 3 124 Inverclyde 378 6 2 5 - - - - - 4 382 Lanarkshire North 366 4 1 11 1 - - - - 4 370 Lanarkshire South 301 10 3 7 1 - - - - 5 306 Lothian East 149 8 1 10 1 - - - - 3 152 Lothian West 239 9- 15----- 12 251 Midlothian 155 8 3 11 1 - - - - 3 158 Moray 73 8- 12----- 3 76 Perth & Kinross 118 9 3 14 - 1 - 1 - 4 122 Renfrewshire 487 5 1 8 - - - - - 25 512 Renfrewshire East 103 6 - 14 1 - - - - 2 105 Stirling 87 8 6 20 1 - - - - 1 88 Island Councils 4 29 3--- 3--- 2 31 Outside Scotland 5 40 - 20 - - - - - 3 8

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. Area of residence tables 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 5 Includes patients / clients with no dependent children. 6 Other includes: hostel, children's home, B&B/hotel and hospital. 7 Percentage of patients / clients living with dependent children. Sub-set of individuals in Table 43a.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 63 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

44 Legal situation 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information None Deferred On On Community Awaiting Trial Pending Outstanding Other 6 Infor- New available sentence probation probation service sentence pending cases fines mation individual — with — unspec- — on — on unav- patients/ condition ified bail bail ailable clients

n =100% percentage number

Scotland 3 9 898 61 1 2 4 1 2 10 15 1 2 1 225 11 123

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 143 58 2 3 5 1 3 10 15 1 2 94 1 237 Ayshire & Arran 3 758 67 2 - 4 1 1 4 9 1 11 425 1 183 Borders 71 72 - 4 6 1 - 7 10 - - 7 78 Dumfries & Galloway 188 59 3 1 8 2 2 7 19- 1 11 199 Fife 397 65 2 1 4 1 1 5 19 1 2 33 430 Forth Valley 270 52 1 5 4 - 3 19 13 2 1 7 277 Grampian 1 276 65 1 - 1 1 2 15 13 1 1 68 1 344 Greater Glasgow 2 938 57 1 3 4 1 1 10 19 1 2 285 3 223 Highland 119 62- 2 4 1 4 8 16 2 2 5 124 Lanarkshire 510 62 2 4 3 - 3 12 13 1 1 26 536 Lothian 1 767 62 1 1 4 2 1 11 14 2 2 222 1 989 Tayside 496 60 1 3 3 2 2 9 19 1 - 48 544 Island Boards 4 28 75----- 7 18-- 3 31 Outside Scotland 4 50 - - - - - 25 25 - - 4 8

by council area

Aberdeen City 917 65 1 - 1 1 1 17 13 1 1 48 965 Aberdeenshire 302 64 1 1 3 1 3 13 14 - 1 15 317 Angus 64 61 - 3 6 - - 14 16 - - 2 66 Argyll & Bute 38 50 3 3 16 - - 16 11 - 3 4 42 Ayrshire East 3 237 68 1 - 5 2 - 5 13 1 5 131 368 Ayrshire North 3 362 69 2 - 4 1 1 3 5 2 13 220 582 Ayrshire South 3 171 61 1 - 4 1 1 5 11 - 16 80 251 Borders 71 72 - 4 6 1 - 7 10 - - 7 78 Clackmannanshire 44 61 - 5 - - 7 16 11 - - 1 45 Dumfries & Galloway 189 58 3 1 8 2 2 7 19- 1 11 200 Dunbartonshire East 122 62 1 2 7 - 1 14 10 1 2 9 131 Dunbartonshire West 284 55 2 2 5 1 2 8 19 2 2 19 303 Dundee City 325 60 2 2 3 3 2 6 21 1 - 33 358 Edinburgh City 1 272 64 1 1 4 2 1 11 13 2 2 173 1 445 Falkirk 142 55 - 6 6 1 1 21 10 - 1 4 146 Fife 395 65 2 1 4 1 1 5 19 1 2 33 428 Glasgow City 2 613 57 1 3 4 1 1 10 19 2 2 251 2 864 Highland 119 62- 2 4 1 4 8 16 2 2 5 124 Inverclyde 366 48 3 3 7 1 6 16 13 1 2 16 382 Lanarkshire North 353 64 3 4 3 - 3 12 12 - - 17 370 Lanarkshire South 283 55 1 5 4 - 4 10 19 1 1 23 306 Lothian East 148 61 - 1 2 1 1 11 20 1 1 4 152 Lothian West 216 50 - - 5 1 2 12 22 6 2 35 251 Midlothian 147 68 2 1 3 1 1 8 14- 2 11 158 Moray 71 65 - - - 1 1 11 21 - - 5 76 Perth & Kinross 109 60 - 4 2 - 4 14 15 1 2 13 122 Renfrewshire 457 71 1 2 3 - 2 6 13 - 2 55 512 Renfrewshire East 92 62 1 1 5 1 2 4 16 2 4 13 105 Stirling 86 42 2 5 5 - 6 16 19 6 - 2 88 Island Councils 5 28 75----- 7 18-- 3 31 Outside Scotland 4 50 - - - - - 25 25 - - 4 8

1 Where an individual has more than one legal situation the most significant is reported in the table. 2 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 3 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 6 Other includes: on licence/supervised released order, arrest referral, non-custodial sentence.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%. Area of residence tables

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

64 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

45 Age at onset of problem drug use 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Scotland 2 8 402 16 47 22 10 4 1 1 2 721 11 123 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 767 20 45 19 10 4 2 1 470 1 237 Ayshire & Arran 2 462 16 44 23 10 4 1 2 721 1 183 Borders 59 29 51 15 3 2 - - 19 78 Dumfries & Galloway 178 8 57 21 9 4 1 1 21 199 Fife 260 16 42 23 12 5 2 1 170 430 Forth Valley 208 10 43 29 10 7 - 1 69 277 Grampian 1 142 10 52 25 9 3 1 1 202 1 344 Greater Glasgow 2 858 17 45 23 9 4 1 1 365 3 223 Highland 96 18 43 24 8 6 1 - 28 124 Lanarkshire 457 17 39 24 11 6 1 2 79 536 Lothian 1 512 17 49 19 9 3 1 1 477 1 989 Tayside 433 14 48 21 11 3 2 1 111 544 Island Boards 3 23 4 57 26 - 4 9 - 8 31 Outside Scotland 4 25 - 50 25 - - - 4 8 by council area

Aberdeen City 828 8 55 24 8 4 1 - 137 965 Aberdeenshire 263 11 44 28 13 2 1 1 54 317 Angus 60 5 33 27 23 3 8 - 6 66 Argyll & Bute 37 14 68 11 8 - - - 5 42 Ayrshire East 2 152 11 50 24 9 5 1 - 216 368 Ayrshire North 2 176 15 42 22 14 3 1 3 406 582 Ayrshire South 2 140 24 41 21 6 6 1 1 111 251 Borders 59 29 51 15 3 2 - - 19 78 Clackmannanshire 31 10 45 39 3 3 - - 14 45 Dumfries & Galloway 179 8 58 21 9 4 1 1 21 200 Dunbartonshire East 116 16 47 18 8 8 3 1 15 131 Dunbartonshire West 254 19 36 26 12 5 1 1 49 303 Dundee City 269 17 49 23 7 2 1 1 89 358 Edinburgh City 1 099 19 50 18 9 3 1 1 346 1 445 Falkirk 116 9 47 28 8 9 - - 30 146 Fife 259 16 42 23 12 5 2 1 169 428 Glasgow City 2 552 17 45 23 9 4 1 1 312 2 864 Highland 96 18 43 24 8 6 1 - 28 124 Inverclyde 326 18 45 19 10 6 2 - 56 382 Lanarkshire North 313 18 40 21 12 7 1 2 57 370 Lanarkshire South 264 12 43 28 10 5 1 1 42 306 Lothian East 107 13 53 18 9 6 - 1 45 152 Lothian West 180 17 41 23 13 4 2 1 71 251 Midlothian 138 13 46 25 10 4 2 - 20 158 Moray 65 25 43 14 12 - 2 5 11 76 Perth & Kinross 106 12 52 16 13 4 2 1 16 122 Renfrewshire 186 23 47 16 10 2 1 2 326 512 Renfrewshire East 48 25 35 29 2 4 - 4 57 105 Stirling 62 11 34 26 18 6 2 3 26 88 Island Councils 4 23 4 57 26 - 4 9 - 8 31 Outside Scotland 4 25 - 50 25 - - - 4 8

4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. Area of residence tables

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 65 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

46 Time from onset until help first sought 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Less 1 -2 3 - 4 5 - 6 7 - 8 9 - 10 11 - 14 15 Information New available than years years years years years years years unavailable individual 1 year and patients/ over clients

n=100% percentage number

Scotland 2 7 789 16 33 19 12 7 5 5 4 3 334 11 123

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 732 12 35 21 13 7 4 4 4 505 1 237 Ayshire & Arran 2 451 13 36 22 11 7 6 4 2 732 1 183 Borders 58 14 34 14 12 10 5 3 7 20 78 Dumfries & Galloway 172 13 53 21 6 2 3 1 1 27 199 Fife 242 16 45 17 8 5 4 2 2 188 430 Forth Valley 203 16 36 25 9 4 2 3 3 74 277 Grampian 1 014 30 35 15 8 4 3 3 2 330 1 344 Greater Glasgow 2 617 11 29 20 14 8 6 7 5 606 3 223 Highland 85 9 19 20 12 8 9 9 13 39 124 Lanarkshire 439 12 38 18 11 6 5 6 3 97 536 Lothian 1 388 21 31 16 11 7 5 5 4 601 1 989 Tayside 421 13 29 21 12 8 6 5 5 123 544 Island Boards 3 21 29 33 19 5 5 10 - - 10 31 Outside Scotland 2 50 - 50 - - - - - 6 8

by council area

Aberdeen City 714 30 38 15 7 3 3 3 2 251 965 Aberdeenshire 251 36 30 13 12 3 3 3 1 66 317 Angus 59 29 27 22 5 2 3 7 5 7 66 Argyll & Bute 34 6 32 24 18 9 6 - 6 8 42 Ayrshire East 2 149 14 38 22 9 3 5 5 3 219 368 Ayrshire North 2 171 9 37 24 13 9 5 2 1 411 582 Ayrshire South 2 137 15 31 18 9 9 9 4 4 114 251 Borders 58 14 34 14 12 10 5 3 7 20 78 Clackmannanshire 31 23 32 29 6 3 - 6 - 14 45 Dumfries & Galloway 173 13 53 21 6 2 3 1 1 27 200 Dunbartonshire East 109 10 32 17 14 8 8 6 5 22 131 Dunbartonshire West 238 20 37 17 11 4 4 3 3 65 303 Dundee City 258 11 31 22 12 8 7 5 4 100 358 Edinburgh City 994 19 30 18 11 7 6 5 5 451 1 445 Falkirk 113 14 39 21 12 4 3 3 4 33 146 Fife 242 16 45 17 8 5 4 2 2 186 428 Glasgow City 2 353 10 29 20 14 8 7 7 5 511 2 864 Highland 85 9 19 20 12 8 9 9 13 39 124 Inverclyde 316 8 35 24 14 8 3 3 3 66 382 Lanarkshire North 297 11 38 19 10 7 5 7 4 73 370 Lanarkshire South 239 15 38 18 13 6 3 6 1 67 306 Lothian East 102 23 40 9 11 8 3 3 4 50 152 Lothian West 169 20 33 16 11 6 8 4 3 82 251 Midlothian 134 31 34 10 16 4 1 2 2 24 158 Moray 60 10 18 15 13 15 7 12 10 16 76 Perth & Kinross 105 10 28 16 15 12 7 6 6 17 122 Renfrewshire 177 13 34 21 12 7 3 6 3 335 512 Renfrewshire East 41 15 27 15 15 15 7 5 2 64 105 Stirling 60 17 35 30 5 3 3 3 3 28 88 Island Councils 4 21 29 33 19 5 5 10 - - 10 31 Outside Scotland 2 50 - 50 - - - - - 6 8

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. Area of residence tables

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

66 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

47 Intended prescribing by doctors 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Patient is Doctor Doctor has Doctor has Information New available already intends not yet no unavailable individual on to decided intention patients/ script prescribe to prescribe clients

n=100% percentage number

Scotland 3 4 677 24 39 31 6 116 4 793 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 453 26 32 36 6 15 468 Ayshire & Arran 3 212 3 90 3 4 6 218 Borders 12 42 25 8 25 1 13 Dumfries & Galloway 198 7 69 21 3 1 199 Fife 51 24 49 24 4 2 53 Forth Valley 11 18 27 18 36 - 11 Grampian 357 27 34 32 6 8 365 Greater Glasgow 1 341 19 42 35 4 60 1 401 Highland 35 43 40 3 14 - 35 Lanarkshire 268 19 55 21 5 2 270 Lothian 1 276 27 33 33 7 15 1 291 Tayside 481 43 9 41 7 6 487 Island Boards 4 11 18 55 9 18 - 11 Outside Scotland 1 - - - 100 - 1 by council area

Aberdeen City 259 22 38 36 4 6 265 Aberdeenshire 100 41 23 24 12 2 102 Angus 61 41 5 36 18 2 63 Argyll & Bute 32 13 47 22 19 2 34 Ayrshire East 3 86 3 94 1 1 - 86 Ayrshire North 3 76 4 84 7 5 6 82 Ayrshire South 3 55 2 91 - 7 - 55 Borders 12 42 25 8 25 1 13 Clackmannanshire 7 14 14 14 57 - 7 Dumfries & Galloway 199 7 69 21 3 1 200 Dunbartonshire East 70 21 53 21 4 1 71 Dunbartonshire West 137 15 40 40 5 3 140 Dundee City 324 42 10 42 6 2 326 Edinburgh City 891 29 36 30 6 13 904 Falkirk 1 100 - - - - 1 Fife 49 22 51 22 4 2 51 Glasgow City 1 171 19 43 35 4 55 1 226 Highland 35 43 40 3 14 - 35 Inverclyde 229 29 24 43 4 9 238 Lanarkshire North 184 20 48 27 5 1 185 Lanarkshire South 132 18 52 24 5 5 137 Lothian East 106 27 25 35 13 1 107 Lothian West 198 20 31 40 9 1 199 Midlothian 93 22 23 52 4 - 93 Moray 3 - 100 - - - 3 Perth & Kinross 98 49 7 43 1 2 100 Renfrewshire 83 29 47 17 7 1 84 Renfrewshire East 31 42 39 19 - - 31 Island Councils 5 ------3 Outside Scotland 11 18 55 9 18 - 11

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 67 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

48 Main drug 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 percentage of individuals reporting using each drug as main drug of misuse; health board and council area of residence NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

New Heroin Morphine Methadone Methadone Dihydro- Dihydro- Dipip- Bupren- Other Diazepam Diazepam individual prescribed — other 5 codeine codeine anone orphine opiates prescribed — other 5 patients/ prescribed — other 5 clients

n=100% percentage

Scotland 2 11 123 54 - 15 4 3 4 - - - 2 4

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 237 65 - 11 1 2 1 - - - 1 4 Ayshire & Arran 2 1 183 62 - 6 4 2 2 - 1 - 2 4 Borders 78 31 - 9 3 8 9 - - - 3 8 Dumfries & Galloway 199 92 - 3 - 1 1 - - - 1 1 Fife 430 49 1 17 2 2 3 - - - 2 9 Forth Valley 277 72 - 2 1 1 2 - - 1 1 2 Grampian 1 344 69 - 8 2 2 1 - - - 1 1 Greater Glasgow 3 223 62 - 23 2 1 2 - - - 1 2 Highland 124 39 - 18 2 3 6 - 1 2 4 3 Lanarkshire 536 66 - 7 1 1 1 - - 1 3 1 Lothian 1 989 26 - 17 11 7 12 - - - 5 8 Tayside 544 12 1 28 16 3 11 1 1 - 5 9 Island Boards 3 31 16 3 3 3 6 - - 3 - 3 10 Outside Scotland 8 38 - 13 - - 13 - - - - -

by council area

Aberdeen City 965 73 - 10 2 1 1 - - - 1 1 Aberdeenshire 317 68 - 3 2 6 2 1 - - 1 1 Angus 66 14 2 12 14 6 3 2 2 - 9 15 Argyll & Bute 42 76------7- Ayrshire East 2 368 65 - 7 8 1 2 - 1 - 2 5 Ayrshire North 2 582 57 - 5 2 3 3 1 2 - 2 4 Ayrshire South 2 251 71 - 6 4 1 1 - 1 - 2 2 Borders 78 31 - 9 3 8 9 - - - 3 8 Clackmannanshire 45 73---- 7--- -- Dumfries & Galloway 200 92 - 3 - 1 1 - - - 1 1 Dunbartonshire East 131 69 - 21 - 1 2 - - - - 1 Dunbartonshire West 303 61 - 12 1 1 1 - - - 2 3 Dundee City 358 5 1 30 22 3 14 1 1 1 4 9 Edinburgh City 1 445 22 - 20 14 9 14 - - - 5 7 Falkirk 146 71 - 3 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 Fife 428 49 1 17 2 2 3 - - - 2 9 Glasgow City 2 864 61 - 24 2 1 2 - - - 1 2 Highland 124 39 - 18 2 3 6 - 1 2 4 3 Inverclyde 382 81 - 9 1 2 1 - - - - 2 Lanarkshire North 370 62 - 4 1 1 1 - - 1 4 1 Lanarkshire South 306 71 - 16 2 1 2 - - - 1 2 Lothian East 152 36 - 7 5 3 5 - - 1 7 11 Lothian West 251 35 - 9 - 6 8 - - - 6 12 Midlothian 158 42 - 11 6 3 8 - - 1 6 8 Moray 76 34 3 8 - 3 9 - - 1 3 7 Perth & Kinross 122 29 - 30 2 5 7 1 - - 4 7 Renfrewshire 512 59 - 11 1 2 2 - 1 1 1 6 Renfrewshire East 105 57 - 16 1 2 2 - - 1 1 7 Stirling 88 74 - 1 1 1 - - - 3 2 5 Island Councils 4 31 16 3 3 3 6 - - 3 - 3 10 Outside Scotland 8 38 - 13 - - 13 - - - - -

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 4 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 5 Includes cases where some or all of the drug mentioned was obtained illicitly or where the source is unknown.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database. Area of residence tables

68 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

Main drug 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 48 continued

Temazepam Temazepam Other Other Amphet- Cocaine Ecstasy Hallucin- Cannabis Solvents Other No prescribed — other 5 benzo- sedatives amines ogens drugs drug diazepines coded

- - 1 - 3 1 1 - 5 - 1 - Scotland 2

by health board

- - - - 4 1 1 - 5 1 1 - Argyll & Clyde - 2 - - 3 1 1 - 6 - 3 - Ayshire & Arran 2 - - - - 10 1 4 1 14 - - - Borders - - - - 1 - - - 1 - 1 - Dumfries & Galloway - - 1 - 4 1 1 - 8 1 - - Fife - - - - 5 1 1 - 5 1 1 3 Forth Valley - - 1 - 4 1 1 - 4 - 2 - Grampian - - - - 2 1 - - 3 - 1 1 Greater Glasgow - - - - 9 - 2 - 11 1 - - Highland - - 8 - 2 2 2 - 4 - 1 - Lanarkshire 1 - - - 3 1 1 - 5 - 1 - Lothian - 1 - - 4 1 1 - 5 - 1 - Tayside - 3 6 - 19 3 - - 10 6 - 3 Island Boards 3 - - - - 13 25 ------Outside Scotland

by council area

- - 1 - 2 1 1 - 3 - 2 - Aberdeen City - - 1 - 5 2 1 - 6 - 2 - Aberdeenshire - - - - 9 - 2 - 12 - - - Angus - 2 - 2 5 - - - 5 - 2 - Argyll & Bute - 1 - - 3 1 1 - 2 - 1 - Ayrshire East 2 - 3 - - 3 1 1 - 8 1 5 - Ayrshire North 2 - - 1 - 4 - - - 5 - 1 - Ayrshire South 2 - - - - 10 1 4 1 14 - - - Borders - - - - 7 2 4 - 7 - - - Clackmannanshire - - - - 1 - - - 1 - 1 - Dumfries & Galloway - - - - 1 2 - - 2 - 1 - Dunbartonshire East - 1 - - 4 2 1 - 9 - 1 - Dunbartonshire West - - - - 3 1 1 - 4 - 1 - Dundee City 1 - - - 2 1 - - 3 - 1 - Edinburgh City - - - - 5 2 - - 5 1 2 4 Falkirk - - 1 - 4 1 1 - 8 1 - - Fife - - - - 2 1 - - 3 - 1 1 Glasgow City - - - - 9 - 2 - 11 1 - - Highland - 1 - - 2 - - - 1 - - -Inverclyde - - 11 - 2 2 2 - 6 - 2 - Lanarkshire North - - 1 - 1 1 - - 2 - - - Lanarkshire South - 1 1 - 6 3 3 - 13 1 1 1 Lothian East - 1 - - 8 2 2 - 8 - 1 - Lothian West - - - - 3 1 2 - 8 1 - 1 Midlothian 4 - - - 16 1 3 - 9 - - - Moray 1 2 1 1 5 2 2 - 3 - - - Perth & Kinross - - - - 6 1 1 - 5 2 1 1 Renfrewshire - - - - 5 - 3 - 5 1 - - Renfrewshire East - - - - 6 - - - 5 - 1 1 Stirling - 3 6 - 19 3 - - 10 6 - 3 Island Councils 4 - - - - 13 25 ------Outside Scotland Area of residence tables

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 69 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

49 All drugs 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 percentage of individuals reporting using each drug of misuse; health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

n=100% percentage

Scotland 3 11 123 65 1 19 10 6 15 1 1 1 12 30

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 237 75 - 15 5 6 8 - 1 1 9 33 Ayshire & Arran 3 1 183 69 - 7 8 5 7 1 1 1 5 16 Borders 78 38 - 9 4 19 19 - - - 24 28 Dumfries & Galloway 199 94 - 11 2 2 6 1 - - 6 11 Fife 430 64 2 23 7 3 12 - 1 1 10 34 Forth Valley 277 75 - 3 5 5 18 - - 3 6 39 Grampian 1 344 83 1 16 7 12 12 2 1 - 11 23 Greater Glasgow 3 223 73 - 29 5 4 8 - - - 9 30 Highland 124 54 1 20 11 8 29 1 2 2 25 31 Lanarkshire 536 72 - 12 3 2 7 - - 2 11 20 Lothian 1 989 39 1 19 23 10 32 - 1 2 21 43 Tayside 544 23 8 29 34 4 34 5 2 2 24 38 Island Boards 4 31 29 3 6 3 10 6 - 10 3 10 19 Outside Scotland 8 63 - 13 - - 13 - - - 13 -

by council area

Aberdeen City 965 88 1 19 8 5 9 2 1 - 11 24 Aberdeenshire 317 80 1 10 5 32 18 2 1 - 11 15 Angus 66 35 9 12 38 6 18 6 2 2 24 36 Argyll & Bute 42 81 - 5 10 - 10 - - 2 10 31 Ayrshire East 3 368 73 1 8 15 4 7 - 1 1 6 19 Ayrshire North 3 582 64 - 6 4 6 9 1 2 1 5 14 Ayrshire South 3 251 76 - 7 7 1 4 - 1 1 6 16 Borders 78 38 - 9 4 19 19 - - - 24 28 Clackmannanshire 45 76 - 2 - - 20 - - - 4 38 Dumfries & Galloway 200 94 - 11 2 2 6 1 - - 6 11 Dunbartonshire East 131 78 1 24 2 7 10 - 1 - 15 17 Dunbartonshire West 303 73 1 15 8 3 6 - - 1 13 39 Dundee City 358 13 9 31 39 3 38 4 3 2 23 41 Edinburgh City 1 445 35 1 22 27 12 34 - 1 2 22 44 Falkirk 146 75 - 3 6 4 15 - - 3 7 38 Fife 428 64 1 23 7 4 12 - 1 1 9 34 Glasgow City 2 864 72 - 30 5 4 8 - - - 9 30 Highland 124 54 1 20 11 8 29 1 2 2 25 31 Inverclyde 382 91 - 15 5 14 10 - 1 1 6 30 Lanarkshire North 370 65 - 8 2 2 6 - 1 2 11 16 Lanarkshire South 306 83 - 22 7 5 10 - - 1 11 30 Lothian East 152 51 1 9 19 5 26 - - 1 16 41 Lothian West 251 45 - 10 10 9 25 - 2 2 19 43 Midlothian 158 52 - 13 11 6 31 - 1 2 15 39 Moray 76 39 4 11 - 5 26 - 1 1 9 36 Perth & Kinross 122 43 5 31 17 7 29 6 1 1 25 34 Renfrewshire 512 66 - 13 2 4 9 - 2 1 8 34 Renfrewshire East 105 72 - 18 2 5 8 - - 1 6 29 Stirling 88 77 - 2 7 9 22 - - 5 5 40 Island Councils 5 31 29 3 6 3 10 6 - 10 3 10 19 Outside Scotland 8 63 - 13 - - 13 - - - 13 -

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 The total drugs reported is greater than the number of new individual patients/clients because individuals may have reported use of more than one drug. Therefore percentages may add up to more than 100%. 3 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils. 6 Includes cases where some or all of the drug mentioned was obtained illicitly or where the source is unknown. 7 Alcohol is reported only if it is used as a secondary drug.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database. Area of residence tables

70 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

All drugs 1,2 : year ending 31 March 2000 49 continued

Temazepam Temazepam Other Other Amphet- Cocaine Ecstasy Hallucin- Cannabis Solvents Alcohol 7 Other No prescribed —other 6 benzo- sedatives amines ogens drugs drug diazepines coded

1 7 5 2 8 4 4 - 28 1 10 4 - Scotland 3

by health board

1 11 4 1 7 3 4 - 29 1 9 3 - Argyll & Clyde - 5 1 1 6 2 2 - 14 - 4 4 - Ayshire & Arran 3 3 - 4 - 24 3 13 4 38 - 31 - - Borders 1 2 5 - 2 2 1 1 19 - 2 2 - Dumfries & Galloway - 3 9 2 10 2 5 - 43 2 12 3 - Fife 1 4 5 1 9 4 4 - 21 1 7 6 3 Forth Valley 2 4 12 8 8 9 8 1 39 - 9 5 - Grampian 1 10 5 1 5 4 2 - 18 - 9 4 1 Greater Glasgow 1 3 6 1 22 2 12 1 42 2 19 4 - Highland 1 7 13 1 6 6 6 1 25 1 19 5 - Lanarkshire 2 6 2 1 12 5 6 - 38 1 12 5 - Lothian 3 11 1 1 14 3 8 1 43 - 21 4 - Tayside 6 3 16 - 29 10 19 6 52 10 42 3 3 Island Boards 4 - - - - 13 50 - - 25 - 13 - - Outside Scotland

by council area

2 4 9 9 6 8 7 - 39 1 8 5 - Aberdeen City 1 4 25 5 11 12 10 2 36 - 10 5 - Aberdeenshire 2 9 - - 33 - 6 - 55 - 35 2 - Angus - 10 5 2 12 5 5 - 40 - 17 5 - Argyll & Bute 1 5 1 1 7 2 3 - 12 - 3 2 - Ayrshire East 3 - 6 1 1 4 1 2 - 16 1 3 6 - Ayrshire North 3 - 2 2 - 6 1 2 - 11 - 4 2 - Ayrshire South 3 3 - 4 - 24 3 13 4 38 - 31 - - Borders - - - - 13 4 11 2 36 - 11 7 - Clackmannanshire 1 2 5 - 2 2 1 1 19 - 2 2 - Dumfries & Galloway 2 5 2 - 4 8 5 2 22 - 8 5 - Dunbartonshire East 1 6 5 - 5 5 4 1 48 1 11 7 - Dunbartonshire West 3 13 1 1 11 4 9 1 48 - 19 4 - Dundee City 2 7 2 2 11 4 4 - 36 1 12 5 - Edinburgh City 2 6 4 - 8 5 3 - 20 2 8 5 4 Falkirk - 3 9 2 11 2 5 - 43 2 12 3 - Fife 1 10 6 1 4 4 2 - 17 - 9 4 1 Glasgow City 1 3 6 1 22 2 12 1 42 2 19 4 - Highland 2 24 5 1 4 3 2 1 28 1 8 2 - Inverclyde 1 7 15 1 6 6 7 1 25 1 24 5 - Lanarkshire North - 9 5 2 3 5 3 - 21 1 7 2 - Lanarkshire South 1 4 2 - 19 9 13 1 38 1 8 5 1 Lothian East 2 4 3 - 15 10 12 - 50 1 11 8 - Lothian West 1 5 3 - 9 4 6 1 32 1 11 2 1 Midlothian 4 1 5 4 21 9 9 1 53 - 3 3 - Moray 3 7 2 2 12 3 7 - 24 - 20 7 - Perth & Kinross 1 4 5 - 9 3 5 - 19 2 7 3 1 Renfrewshire - 7 3 1 12 1 8 1 28 1 8 3 - Renfrewshire East 1 1 10 2 7 2 3 - 16 - 5 7 1 Stirling 6 3 16 - 29 10 19 6 52 10 42 3 3 Island Councils 5 - - - - 13 50 - - 25 - 13 - - Outside Scotland Area of residence tables

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 71 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

50 Injecting 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Injected Injected Has Information New available in previous in past never unavailable individual month(but not in injected patients/ previous month) clients

n =100% percentage number Scotland 2,3 9 812 39 20 40 608 10 420

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 1 197 40 15 45 40 1 237 Ayshire & Arran 2 856 41 11 48 327 1 183 Borders 76 25 29 46 2 78 Dumfries & Galloway 196 78 8 14 3 199 Fife 421 39 16 44 9 430 Forth Valley 271 59 13 29 6 277 Grampian3 656 58 16 26 12 668 Greater Glasgow 3 154 46 26 28 68 3 222 Highland 122 39 26 34 1 123 Lanarkshire 528 47 13 40 8 536 Lothian 3 1 858 17 24 59 109 1 967 Tayside 519 19 27 53 25 544 Island Boards 4 24 25 17 58 5 29 Outside Scotland 6 67 17 17 1 7 by council area

Aberdeen City 3 396 66 14 19 6 402 Aberdeenshire 3 195 54 15 31 3 198 Angus 65 25 26 49 1 66 Argyll & Bute 40 55 23 23 2 42 Ayrshire East2 284 47 13 40 84 368 Ayrshire North2 393 32 10 58 189 582 Ayrshire South2 193 53 9 38 58 251 Borders 76 25 29 46 2 78 Clackmannanshire 45 47 7 47 - 45 Dumfries & Galloway 197 78 8 14 3 200 Dunbartonshire East 130 46 24 30 1 131 Dunbartonshire West 302 43 24 33 1 303 Dundee City 339 15 27 58 19 358 Edinburgh City 3 1 338 17 26 58 85 1 423 Falkirk 143 56 13 31 3 146 Fife 419 39 16 44 9 428 Glasgow City 2 796 46 26 28 67 2 863 Highland 122 39 26 34 1 123 Inverclyde 380 62 12 26 2 382 Lanarkshire North 364 42 13 46 6 370 Lanarkshire South 303 54 19 27 3 306 Lothian East 151 20 18 62 1 152 Lothian West 232 16 25 59 19 251 Midlothian 154 18 15 68 4 158 Moray 73 30 22 48 3 76 Perth & Kinross 117 30 27 43 5 122 Renfrewshire 477 24 11 65 35 512 Renfrewshire East 105 31 17 51 - 105 Stirling 85 69 14 16 3 88 Island Councils 5 24 25 17 58 5 29 Outside Scotland 6 67 17 17 1 7

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 A number of individuals have been reported at needle exchanges in the Grampian and Lothian areas, this may impact on injecting and sharing figures. To allow comparison with other areas, figures are shown excluding needle exchanges. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 81) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%. Area of residence tables

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

72 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

51 Age when first injected 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 individuals reported to have injected in past month; health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Under 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 years Information New available 15 years years years years years years and over unavailable individual patients/ clients

n =100% percentage number Scotland 2,3 3 195 3 40 34 16 5 2 1 666 3 861 by health board 367 2 37 35 17 7 2 - 115 482 Argyll & Clyde 229 - 38 34 18 7 2 1 124 353 Ayshire & Arran 2 15 7 40 27 27 - - - 4 19 Borders 138 4 51 30 11 3 1 1 15 153 Dumfries & Galloway 127 2 41 33 12 10 2 1 39 166 Fife 145 2 41 33 19 3 1 1 14 159 Forth Valley 354 4 49 32 12 2 1 - 29 383 Grampian3 1 281 3 37 35 18 5 2 1 177 1 458 Greater Glasgow 45 - 31 24 24 18 2 - 3 48 Highland 209 - 35 39 18 5 1 1 40 249 Lanarkshire 229 3 41 33 15 5 2 - 83 312 Lothian 3 82 7 55 18 15 4 1 - 19 101 Tayside 1 -- 100---- 5 6 Island Boards 4 ------4 4 Outside Scotland by council area

Aberdeen City 3 243 4 54 29 10 2 2 - 20 263 Aberdeenshire 3 98 4 40 38 14 4 - - 7 105 Angus 13 8 38 15 23 8 8 - 3 16 Argyll & Bute 20 - 25 65 10 - - - 2 22 Ayrshire East2 81 - 47 31 12 6 4 - 52 133 Ayrshire North2 75 1 25 36 24 11 - 3 52 127 Ayrshire South2 78 - 37 38 18 4 3 - 24 102 Borders 15 7 40 27 27 - - - 4 19 Clackmannanshire 21 - 57 19 19 5 - - - 21 Dumfries & Galloway 138 4 51 30 11 3 1 1 15 153 Dunbartonshire East 55 2 20 56 13 7 2 - 5 60 Dunbartonshire West 121 5 36 26 25 7 2 - 9 130 Dundee City 42 2 69 12 12 5 - - 9 51 Edinburgh City 3 162 4 43 34 14 4 2 - 60 222 Falkirk 70 4 47 31 14 1 1 - 10 80 Fife 126 2 40 33 12 10 2 1 39 165 Glasgow City 1 129 3 37 35 18 5 2 1 162 1 291 Highland 45 - 31 24 24 18 2 - 3 48 Inverclyde 204 1 39 34 15 10 1 - 31 235 Lanarkshire North 128 - 33 41 17 6 1 2 24 152 Lanarkshire South 135 - 41 32 19 5 1 1 28 163 Lothian East 21 5 43 33 10 10 - - 9 30 Lothian West 33 - 33 36 21 6 3 - 5 38 Midlothian 17 6 35 29 24 6 - - 10 27 Moray 20 - 40 35 20 - - 5 2 22 Perth & Kinross 28 14 43 29 14 - - - 7 35 Renfrewshire 47 2 36 43 17 - 2 - 68 115 Renfrewshire East 26 - 27 27 35 4 4 4 7 33 Stirling 55 - 29 40 24 5 - 2 4 59 Island Councils 5 1 -- 100---- 5 6 Outside Scotland ------4 4

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 A number of individuals have been reported at needle exchanges in the Grampian and Lothian areas, this may impact on injecting and sharing figures. To allow comparison with other areas, figures are shown excluding needle exchanges. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 81) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%. Area of residence tables

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 73 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Tables

52 Sharing injecting equipment 1 : year ending 31 March 2000 individuals reported to have injected in past month; health board and council area of residence

NEW INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS/CLIENTS

Information Shared Shared Has Information New available in previous in past never unavailable individual month(but not in shared patients/ previous clients month)

n =100% percentage number

Scotland 2,3 2 944 34 26 40 917 3 861

by health board

Argyll & Clyde 352 40 27 33 130 482 Ayshire & Arran 2 221 24 19 57 132 353 Borders 17 35 41 24 2 19 Dumfries & Galloway 108 39 28 33 45 153 Fife 131 27 33 40 35 166 Forth Valley 141 33 33 34 18 159 Grampian3 326 50 19 31 57 383 Greater Glasgow 1 145 28 30 41 313 1 458 Highland 41 49 29 22 7 48 Lanarkshire 203 40 15 45 46 249 Lothian 3 206 33 25 42 106 312 Tayside 72 26 28 46 29 101 Island Boards 4 5 - - 100 1 6 Outside Scotland - --- 4 4

by council area

Aberdeen City 3 220 47 22 31 43 263 Aberdeenshire 3 92 57 11 33 13 105 Angus 7 29 57 14 9 16 Argyll & Bute 17 53 12 35 5 22 Ayrshire East2 86 31 26 43 47 133 Ayrshire North2 61 16 18 66 66 127 Ayrshire South2 77 23 13 64 25 102 Borders 17 35 41 24 2 19 Clackmannanshire 19 53 26 21 2 21 Dumfries & Galloway 108 39 28 33 45 153 Dunbartonshire East 44 43 18 39 16 60 Dunbartonshire West 114 29 35 36 16 130 Dundee City 44 23 30 48 7 51 Edinburgh City 3 150 34 29 37 72 222 Falkirk 71 24 37 39 9 80 Fife 130 28 33 39 35 165 Glasgow City 1 018 28 31 41 273 1 291 Highland 41 49 29 22 7 48 Inverclyde 192 51 22 27 43 235 Lanarkshire North 130 38 14 48 22 152 Lanarkshire South 125 36 19 45 38 163 Lothian East 13 15 23 62 17 30 Lothian West 29 34 21 45 9 38 Midlothian 18 28 6 67 9 27 Moray 19 42 32 26 3 22 Perth & Kinross 22 32 14 55 13 35 Renfrewshire 44 23 36 41 71 115 Renfrewshire East 25 20 40 40 8 33 Stirling 52 38 31 31 7 59 Island Councils 5 5 - - 100 1 6 Outside Scotland - --- 4 4

1 All figures in this table exclude penal establishment inmates. 2 In 1999/00 information was received for the first time from 9 agencies in Ayrshire & Arran health board area. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 80) for more details. 3 A number of individuals have been reported at needle exchanges in the Grampian and Lothian areas, this may impact on injecting and sharing figures. To allow comparison with other areas, figures are shown excluding needle exchanges. Please refer to Annex 5 (page 81) for more details. 4 Shetland and Western Isles health boards.

Area of residence tables 5 Eilean Siar and Shetland councils.

|| Due to rounding percentages may not add up to 100%.

Source : Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

74 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Annexes

Annex 1 Definitions

Problem drug user Any person who experiences social, psychological, physical or legal problems related to intoxication and/or regular excessive consumption and/or dependence as a consequence of his/her own use of drugs or chemical substances. ACMD 1982

The following, defined by the Department of Health, are used in England and Wales as well as in Scotland.

New patient/client Any person who is attending the service for (a) the first time ever or (b) it has been at least six months since the last attendance at the service.

Drug A drug is defined to be any drug of misuse, including solvents and tranquillisers, excluding tobacco. Alcohol is reported only if it is based on a secondary drug. Drugs which are prescribed by a doctor to be used as an alternative to the drug(s) of addiction are also specifically included.

Main drug The drug which causes the patient/client the most problems at the time of contact; or the prescribed drug where it has been prescribed as part of a treatment package for addiction. This may not be the drug used most frequently or in the largest quantities.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 75 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Annexes

Annex 2 List of services contributing to the Database in 1999/00 *

Argyll & Clyde Maryhill Addiction Services, Glasgow Alternatives, West Dunbartonshire Community Drug Services Molendinar Drug Services, Royston, Glasgow Inverclyde Community Drug Team, Greenock No. 1 Project, Aberlour Childcare Trust, Glasgow Inverclyde Drug Problem Service, Ravenscraig Hospital, Overtown Addiction Services/Priesthill Area Team, Glasgow Greenock Parkhead Hospital, Glasgow Johnstone Social Work Area Team, Renfrewshire Pollok Addiction Services, Glasgow Lomond Drug Problem Service, Joint Hospital, Dumbarton Possil Drug Project, Glasgow Outreach Service, Renfrew Substance Abuse Resource, Rainbow House, Glasgow Barrhead* Reception Services, Social Work Resources, Rutherglen Rankin Maternity Unit, Inverclyde Royal Hospital, Greenock Rutherglen Substance Misuse Team, Glasgow Red Tower, Helensburgh Social Work Department, Homeless Unit, Glasgow Renfrew Substance Abuse Resource, Paisley Social Work Office, North West 4, Glasgow Social Work Department, Alexandria Area Springburn Youth Alcohol & Addiction Team, Glasgow Social Work Department, Dumbarton Area The Drug Clinic, Parkhead Hospital, Glasgow Social Work Department, Renfrew The Orchards, Glasgow* Ayrshire & Arran Women’s Reproductive Health Services, Glasgow Royal Ayrshire Council on Alcohol, Kilmarnock Maternity Hospital Bentinck Centre, Kilmarnock Women’s Service, Castlemilk Drug Project, Glasgow Loudoun House Addiction Unit, Ailsa Hospital, Ayr Woodilee Hospital, Lenzie The Bridge Project, Ayr Highland The Bridge Project, Cumnock Community Alcohol & Drug Problem Service, Inverness The Bridge Project, Kilmarnock Community Mental Health Team, Caithness Townhead Centre, Irvine Osprey House, Inverness Vernon Centre, Saltcoats Social Work Department, Nairn Borders Lanarkshire Borders Community Addictions Team, Galashiels Addiction Advisory Centre, Monklands Castle Craig Clinic, West Linton Bellshill Cross Addiction Centre Dumfries & Galloway Community Addiction Team, Coatbridge Cameron House, Dumfries Community Addiction Team, Torrance House, Motherwell Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries Cumbernauld & Kilsyth Addiction Services Glenboig Methadone Project Fife Hamilton and East Kilbride Community Addiction Team, Community Access Team (East Fife), Leven Bothwell Delta Project, Glenrothes, Fife Larkhall Social Work Area Team Drug and Alcohol Project, Levenmouth Rushes, Bellshill Drug Treatment & Testing Order, Buckhaven* Social Work Department, Blantyre Area Team Fife Community Drug Team, Buckhaven Substance Misuse Service, Hamilton Social Work Depart- Mental Health Team, NE Fife Substance Misuse Team, ment Cupar* Substance Misuse Team, Social Work Resources, East West Fife Community Drug Project, Dunfermline Kilbride Forth Valley Lothian Community Alcohol & Drug Service, Bannockburn Bethany Addiction Team, Edinburgh Prison Outreach Team, Community Alcohol & Drug Service, Brenda House, Aberlour Childcare Trust, Edinburgh Bannockburn* Castle Drugs Project, Edinburgh Fast Track Service, Community Alcohol & Drug Service, Community Care Resource Team, Muirhouse, Edinburgh Bannockburn* Community Drug Problem Service, Spittal Street, Edinburgh Grampian Counselling Team, West Lothian Drug & Alcohol Service, Banff & Buchan Drugs Action, Ugie Hospital, Peterhead Blackburn Drugs Action Needle Exchange, Aberdeen Craigmillar Medical Centre, Edinburgh Drugs Action, Aberdeen Craigroyston Clinic, Community Drug Problem Service, Fraserburgh Needle Exchange Edinburgh Fulton Clinic, Substance Misuse Service, Royal Cornhill Drugs Counselling & Related Services, Simpson House, Hospital, Aberdeen Edinburgh Grampian Addiction Problem Service, Whitehills Greater Liberton Drugs Project Moray Drug & Alcohol Team, Elgin Harm Reduction Team, Spittal Street, Edinburgh North Silver Street Clinic, Substance Misuse Service, Aber- Links Project, Edinburgh deen Mid & East Lothian Drugs (MELD), Dalkeith North, South & Central Aberdeenshire Teams, Substance North Edinburgh Drug Advice Centre, Muirhouse, Edinburgh Misuse Service, Grampian Rankeillor Initiative, Edinburgh Substance Misuse Service, Aberdeen South West Locality Clinic, Edinburgh Turning Point, Forrest Road, Edinburgh Greater Glasgow Turning Point, Leith, Edinburgh Aberlour Childcare Trust, Scarrel Road, Glasgow West Edinburgh Support Team, Wester Hailes, Edinburgh Castlemilk Drugs Project, Glasgow Clydebank Social Work Shetland Community Drug & Alcohol Service, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Shetland Initiative On Drugs, Lerwick Glasgow Social Work Department, Lerwick Drug Project, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow Tayside Drumchapel Addiction Services, Glasgow Drug & Alcohol Team, Social Work Department, Dundee East End Addiction Services, Glasgow Dundee Drugs & AIDS Project Easterhouse Drugs Initiative, Glasgow Perth Drugs Project Eshara Project, Glasgow* Tayside Drug Problems Service, Dundee Gartnavel Royal Hospital, The Zone, Training for New Futures, Dundee Glasgow Drug Problem Service Gorbals Addiction Services, Glasgow Western Isles Govan Addiction Services, Glasgow Lifestyle Centre, Stornoway, Isle of Lewis Western Isles Hospital, Stornoway * Indicates contributor to the Database since April 2000

76 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Annexes

Annex 3 Specimen forms

Form SMR22 (revised April 1995)

Scottish Drug Misuse Database Medical - In Confidence MONITORING OF DRUG MISUSE IN SCOTLAND SMR22 revised April 1995

Please complete a form if (a) the patient is attending for the first time ever or (b) the patient has attended before but not within the previous six months. Exclude letter and third party contacts. Please read the notes on the back. Enquiries: phone 0131 - 551 8715

DETAILS OF PATIENT ADDRESS First Name

Last Name Street

District/Ward Your Ref

Date of Birth Sex Male Female City/Town

Ethnic Group White Indian Sub-continent Chinese Postal District

Afro-Caribbean Other (specify) Date of initial contact(of this episode)

Is this person notifiable in accordance with the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971? Person Number NOTIFICATION (If yes, please send the white copy of this form to the Home Office in London) Yes No (if known)

DRUG PROFILE ( PAST MONTH) List drug use within the past month

Drug Name Prescribed? Route(s) How often? For Local Use (daily/ weekly/ (include each drug used, prescribed or not) (Yes/ No/ Both) monthly/ AB occasionally)

Main Drug

Drug 2

Drug 3

Drug 4

Drug 5/Alcohol

Age at onset of problem drug use (if appropriate) years Age when help was first sought years

INJECTING / SHARING DETAILS SOCIAL PROFILE (CURRENT STATUS) CONTACT PROFILE

go to EMPLOYMENT S TATUS Tick all Ever injected Yes No next DRUG RELATED CONTACT IN PAST 12 MONTHS that apply section Age when first injected years Never employed None Unemployed (1 year or longer) GP In the past month has patient: Unemployed (less than a year) Specialist drug service Injected Yes No go to # - statutory Employed Always used new injecting equipment Yes No - non-statutory Other (specify) Social work services Always cleaned equipment first Yes No Tick all Social work offender services that apply LEGAL SITUATION Shared injecting equipment Yes No go to # Other (specify) None # Has patient ever shared REFERRAL FROM injecting equipment Yes No Serving prison sentence Self Deferred sentence GP INTENDED PRESCRIBING On probation - with condition of treatment Psychiatrist/Mental health services Is there to be any prescribing? Yes Not yet decided On probation -unspecified General hospital services Specialist drug service (non-statutory) No Already on script Community service Social work services If yes or already on script, please state Awaiting sentence Social work offender services drug form daily dose Trial pending Family 1. Friend Pending cases 2. Other (specify) Other (specify) 3. Previously been in prison ACTION PLANNED Prescriber? Reporting doctor (ie self) Tick all Other: Patient's GP that apply Tick all Further appointment/ongoing assessment Psychiatrist LIVING that apply No further action Other doctor Alone Defaulted With spouse/partner Other (specify) DETAILS OF REPORTING DOCTOR AND CONTACT With parents Tick all With dependent children PLANNED LIAISON that apply Name With friends GP Address Specialist drug service In residential rehabilitation - statutory Telephone number In prison - non-statutory Other (specify) Is patient attending for the first time ever or is the patient No fixed abode returning after an interval of at least 6 months DISCHARGED AND REFERRED ON

Where was patient seen (if different from above) Other (specify) GP Specialist drug service - statutory Practice No. or Health - non-statutory S LOCAL USE Institution code board Other (specify) CDEFGH Send this copy to the Scottish Drug Misuse Database, ISD, Trinity Park House, South Trinity Road, Edinburgh EH5 3SQ SMR22

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 77 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Annexes

Form SMR23 (revised April 1995)

Scottish Drug Misuse Database For Statistical Purposes MONITORING OF DRUG MISUSE IN SCOTLAND SMR23 revised April 1995

Please complete a form if (a) the client is attending for the first time ever or (b) the client has attended before but not within the previous six months. Exclude letter and third party contacts. Please read the notes on the back. Enquiries: phone 0131-551 8715

DETAILS OF CLIENT ADDRESS First Name

Last Name Street ------â â â District/Ward Initials Your Ref

Date of Birth Sex Male Female City/Town

Please do not enter Ethnic Group White Indian Sub-continent Chinese Postal District last three items of postcode Afro-Caribbean Other (specify) Date of initial contact (of this episode)

DRUG PROFILE Has client used drugs in the past month? Yes list current drug use below No list significant drug use (within the past 12 months) below

Drug Name Prescribed? Route(s) How often? For Local Use (daily/ weekly/ (include each drug used, prescribed or not) (Yes/ No/ Both) monthly/ AB occasionally)

Main Drug

Drug 2

Drug 3

Drug 4

Drug 5/Alcohol

Age at onset of problem drug use (if appropriate) years Age when help was first sought years

INJECTING / SHARING DETAILS SOCIAL PROFILE (CURRENT STATUS) CONTACT PROFILE Ever injected Yes No go to next EMPLOYMENT S TATUS Tick all section DRUG RELATED CONTACT IN PAST 12 MONTHS that apply Age when first injected Years Never employed None In the past month has client: Unemployed (1 year or longer) Unemployed (less than a year) GP Injected Yes No go to # Employed Specialist drug service Always used new injecting equipment Yes No Other (specify) — statutory Filtered Yes No — non-statutory Tick all LEGAL SITUATION Bleached Yes No that apply Social work services Rotated injecting sites Yes No None Social work offender services Lent injecting equipment Yes No Serving prison sentence Other (specify) Borrowed injecting equipment Yes No Deferred sentence Shared injecting equipment Yes No go to # On probation - with condition of treatment REFERRAL FROM On probation - unspecified Self # Has client ever shared injecting equipment Yes No Community service GP Awaiting sentence Social work services Trial pending Social work offender services CONTACT DETAILS Pending cases Psychiatrist/Mental health services Is client attending for the first time ever or is the client Other (specify) Family returning after an interval of at least 6 months Previously been in prison Friend Initial Where Contact Assessed Tick all Other (specify) LIVING that apply At agency Alone ACTION PLANNED Telephone With spouse/partner Further appointment/ongoing assessment In street With parents Waiting list At home With dependent children In prison With friends Other (specify) Other (specify) In residential rehabilitation Tick all PLANNED LIAISON that apply In prison None No fixed abode DETAILS OF REPORTING AGENCY GP Other (specify) Agency Specialist drug service ARE ANY OF THE PEOPLE YOU LIVE WITH DRUG USERS? — statutory Contact person Yes — non-statutory Telephone number No Did not wish to answer Other (specify) Institution code DISCHARGED AND LOCAL USE Health board S REFERRED ON (specify) CDEFGH

Send this copy to the Scottish Drug Misuse Database, ISD, Trinity Park House, South Trinity Road, Edinburgh EH5 3SQ [phone 0131-551 8715] SMR23

78 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Annexes

Annex 4 Deriving the area of residence

Information about health board and council area of residence of patients/clients is not recorded on SMR22/23 forms. This information has to be derived using the following information, which is recorded: ward, city/town and postal district. Derivation is not straightforward, however, because of a number of possible problems, including : · some wards, city/towns and postal districts (albeit a minority) may be bisected by either or both a health board and local authority boundary (or boundaries), and · some ward, city/town and postal district information may be incomplete or missing. (ISD is working to address accuracy and completeness of recording as part of an overall drive to improve data quality). The following provides an account of the method adopted to derive the health board and council area of residence of the patients/clients attending services.

Step 1 : Creation of ISD residence file This file assigns a health board and/or council area of residence to those postal districts which are either (1) entirely within the boundaries of the board/authority, or, (2) for those postal district which are bisected by a boundary or boundaries, where the population within that postal district is very much on one side of the boundary. The file is created by : · using the reference file obtained from the General Register Office for Scotland which contains full postcode assigned to health board and council area, aggregating to postal district level and, where possible, assigning appropriate health board and council areas. · where it is not possible to unambiguously assign a health board or council area of residence, use the above GRO file aggregated to postal sector level and examine the population distribution within the area. Postal districts can then be mapped to the health board or council area with the largest population (at least an 80: 20 split). This accounts for most postal districts although some cannot be allocated using the above method.

Step 2 : Derivation of health board and council area of residence · For those records with complete postal district information use the above ISD residence file to assign health board and council area of residence, where this is possible. · For those complete postal districts which are not included in the ISD residence file i.e. those which cannot be unambiguously allocated (listed below), use the ward and city/town information, if recorded. The relevant area of residence is determined by reference to a range of Ordinance Survey maps. Health board: DD10, FK10, G52, G65, G72. Council area: AB9, AB12, AB21, AB23, DD5, DD10, G33, G46, G52, G65, G69, G71, G80, G82, G83, KA2, KA6, PH12. · For the remaining records where the postal district is either incomplete or missing, health board and local authority areas of residence may be assigned by using the ward and city/town information, where recorded (as before). For those where ward and city/town information cannot be used, but where there is an incomplete postal district, it is possible to assign an area of residence to a particular health board and/or local authority area where most of the postal district lies. These are listed below : Health board: AB, DD, DG, EH, FK, G, HS, IV, KA, KY, ML, PA, PH, TD and ZE. Council area: DG, IV, KW, PA, PH, TD and ZE. · Any remaining records are assigned to a health board and/or council area of residence by using, the health board and/or council area of treatment as a proxy for area of residence.

This method of derivation has been automated as part of a routine system.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 79 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Annexes

Annex 5 Additional Information

Information received from the Ayrshire Common Database The Ayrshire Common Database is maintained by the Information & Research Team, part of Addiction Services based at the Dundonald Health Centre. It covers 11 projects in the Ayrshire & Arran Health Board area.

Information was received by ISD for the first time from the Ayrshire Common Database, detailing 1 136 attendances at nine drug services. Using the matching criteria described in Annex 6, this translates to 964 new individual clients.

The table below gives details of these attendances/individuals by local authority area of treatment and by area of residence.

Reports from the Ayrshire Common Database : 1999/00

(a) by area of treatment

Valid reports 'New’ to SDMD individual clients Health Board Ayrshire & Arran 1 136 964

Local Authority Ayrshire East 618 564 Ayrshire North 390 371 Ayrshire South 128 120

(b) by area of residence

Valid reports 'New’ to SDMD individual clients Health Board Ayrshire & Arran 1 136 963

Local Authority Ayrshire East 333 281 Ayrshire North 578 499 Ayrshire South 225 196

80 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Annexes

Annex 5 Additional Information continued

Information received from Needle Exchanges In order to improve the validity of comparisons between health board and local authority areas, injecting and sharing behaviour data received from needle exchanges are excluded from the relevant tables for the first time. This primarily effects two areas, the Grampian and Lothian Health Boards, where returns from needle exchanges are significant.

ISD have only been able to separately identify returns from needle exchanges since 1998 and it is therefore not possible to quantify the number of returns from needle exchanges prior to that date.

The tables below compare the effect of including/excluding needle exchange data on current injecting and sharing details for the areas effected.

Comparison between percentage injecting and percentage sharing - calculated including data from needle exchanges and excluding data from needle exchanges

Area of treatment Area of residence

Including Excluding Including Excluding needle needle needle needle exchange exchange exchange exchange

Percentage of individuals reported to have injected in the previous month

Scotland 43 39 43 39

Health Board Grampian 76 59 76 58 Lothian 19 18 18 17

Local Authority Aberdeen City 79 61 82 66 Aberdeenshire 78 68 69 54 Edinburgh City 20 19 18 17

Percentage of individuals reported to have shared in the previous month

Scotland 33 34 33 34

Health Board Grampian 38 50 38 50 Lothian 32 32 32 33

Local Authority Aberdeen City 37 45 38 47 Aberdeenshire 43 63 39 57 Edinburgh City 31 31 33 34

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 81 Scottish Drug Misuse Database : Annexes

Annex 6 Understanding the data

It is emphasised that the information held on the Database relates to new patients/clients. The definition of new is (a) the person is attending the particular service for the first time ever, or (b) the person has attended before but not within the previous six months. Thus, the statistics do not reflect the total number of drug misusers seen by services during any period.

Further, the database does not collect information on the non-client work in which most specialist projects are involved, nor measures the number of contacts or amount of time spent with clients. The data is usually recorded at or around the time of the initial face to face contact and no measure of outcome is included. It would therefore be inappropriate to use the data for any overall performance evaluation of individual drug services.

By means of matching on certain criteria (initials, date of birth and sex) an adjustment is made for the double counting of individuals who may have attended more than one service during the period. With the exception of tables 1-3, 15 and 34 (which are based on contacts) all the tables are based on these adjusted figures. The veracity of any matches identified cannot be guaranteed; it is likely that some individuals may have been wrongly matched and, conversely, some true matches may have been missed. Full names and addresses are not recorded on the forms returned to the Information & Statistics Division (ISD).

Misuse of alcohol may be reported to the database in circumstances only when it is secondary to some other drug of misuse. This is reflected in the relatively small incidence of alcohol misuse reported in Tables 10, 30, 49.

In Scotland, data collection formally began in August 1990 with the Information & Statistics Division of the NHS in Scotland assigned responsibility for the Database. Similar systems were set up in England and Wales at the same time.

82 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Regional Drug Misuse Databases

chapter 3 GB Regional Drug Misuse Databases

In 1982 the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) published a report Treatment and Rehabilitation which recommended that local drug teams be set up to collect information. Responding to this recommendation, the Department of Health issued a circular to the NHS requesting a review of the prevalence of drug misuse. In 1986, a drug misuse database was developed by the Drug Research Unit at the University of Manchester. In 1989, the Department commissioned the Unit to adapt the database for use by the NHS regional health authorities, and issued a circular requesting RHAs to set up databases to monitor trends in drug misuse and the use of drug misuse services. The Scottish Drug Misuse Database is the regional database for Scotland.

The Government Statistical Service based at the Department of Health, London, issues a bi-annual Statistical Bulletin containing data collated from the Regional Drug Misuse Databases. Included in these bulletins are figures relating to Great Britain, allowing a wider picture of problem drug misuse to be illustrated.

53 Main drug of misuse and numbers injecting1,2 : 1 April - 30 September 1999 Great Britain, Scotland, England and Wales

New Heroin Meth- Other Barbit- Benzo- Amphet- Cocaine Halluc- Cannabis Solvents Alcohol Anti- Other Not individual adone Opiates urates diaz- amines inogens depress- drugs known/ patients/ epines ants drug clients free

n =100% percentage of individuals reporting drug Main drug reported Great Britain 37 681 57 11 3 - 3 8 6 - 10 1 - - 2 - Scotland 5 299 53 20 8 - 8 4 1 - 5 - - - 1 - England 30 545 59 9 2 - 2 8 7 - 11 1 - - 2 - Wales 1 837 36 11 4 - 8 22 2 - 12 1 - 1 4 -

All drugs reported Great Britain 37 681 64 20 9 - 23 15 18 1 30 1 12 2 8 - Scotland 5 299 63 31 26 - 60 10 4 1 29 1 10 2 8 1 England 30 545 66 18 6 - 16 14 21 1 30 1 12 2 7 - Wales 1 837 43 17 10 - 30 32 7 2 35 2 12 3 12 -

Percentage of individuals injecting drug . 58 7 8 19 3 44 12 4---- 10- Great Britain . 65 1 4 - 4 21 13 4 - - - 1 7 - Scotland . 57 9 11 21 2 46 12 4---- 20- England . 55 4 5- 2 50 16----- 23 100 Wales

1 Drugs can be misused by a variety of routes, injecting being just one of them. The route recorded for the main drug determines a user’s injecting status for their main drug of misuse. 2 Of those whose injecting status is known.

' . ' = not applicable.

Sources : Department of Health and Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

54 New individual patients/clients : 1 April - 30 September 1999 age group and gender; Great Britain, Scotland, England and Wales

All Under 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45 and Ages 15 years years years years years years over years

n =100% percentage of individuals reporting drug Males and Females Great Britain 37 681 1 14 27 25 17 9 4 3 Scotland 5 299 - 13 30 27 18 8 3 1 England 30 545 1 14 27 25 17 9 4 3 Wales 1 837 2 14 29 25 16 8 3 2

Males Great Britain 27 810 1 13 27 26 18 9 4 3 Scotland 3 528 - 11 29 28 19 9 3 1 England 22 925 1 13 26 25 18 9 4 3 Wales 1 357 2 13 28 26 17 8 3 1

Females Great Britain 9 871 1 17 29 23 15 8 3 3 Scotland 1 771 - 16 32 27 15 6 2 1 England 7 620 1 17 28 23 16 8 4 3 Wales 480 2 17 29 20 15 8 4 3 Sources : Department of Health and Scottish Drug Misuse Database.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 83 General acute hospital inpatient statistics

chapter 4 General acute hospital inpatient statistics

Data for individual patients are collected by ISD Scotland as a series of Scottish Morbidity Records (SMR).

The SMR datasets constitute a significant local and national information resource, and are used for epidemiological monitoring, health needs assessment, national and local planning and a range of other applications.

SMR01 is an episode-based patient record relating to all inpatients and day cases discharged from specialities other than mental health, maternity, neonatal and geriatric long stay specialities in the NHSiS. A record is generated for each inpatient and day case episode, of which there are about 1,000,000 each year. The SMR01 basic data set encompasses patient identification and demographic information, episode management information and general clinical information. Items such as waiting time for inpatient / day case admission and length of stay may be derived from the episode management information.

Data are published in ISDs general statistical publication Scottish Health Statistics and in a range of other, topic-based publications and reports. An ad hoc enquiry service is available for more detailed analyses.

The tables and chart presented here are derived from the SMR01. Information about patients admitted to general hospitals (mainly for emergency treatment), where drug misuse is diagnosed as a factor in the patients need for treatment, is routinely available. Some caution is necessary when using these data as (a) drug misuse may only be suspected and may not always be recorded by the hospital, and (b) where drug misuse is recorded, it may not be possible to identify which drug(s) were involved. Drug misuse is recorded on SMR returns using the codes available in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and from April 1996 the codes used were ICD version 10, which are not strictly comparable with the ICD9 codes used prior to that year.

ICD-10 Codes

Opioids F11.- Cannabinoids F12.- Sedatives/Hypnotics F13.- Cocaine F14.- Other Stimulants F15.- Hallucinogens F16.- Volatile solvents F18.- Multiple/other psychoactive substances F19.-

Chart 21 shows general acute admissions for drug misuse by deprivation category. The Carstairs and Morris index of deprivation was originally developed in the 1980s using census data. It is composed of four indicators which were judged to represent material disadvantage in the population. The index also correlates well with a range of health measures. The four indicators are combined to create a composite score. The deprivation score is divided into seven separate categories, ranging from very high (seven) to very low (one) deprivation. The seven categories are designed so as to retain the discriminatory features of the distribution of the deprivation score, rather than to ensure equality of numbers between each deprivation category. Some very small postcode sectors were excluded and do not have a score. The index was designed with the expectation that it would be mirrored by direct measurement of household income if that were possible. The four variables are as follows:

Overcrowding: persons in private households living at a density of more than one person per room as a proportion of all persons in private households. Male employment: proportion of economically active males who are seeking work. Social class 4 or 5: proportion of all persons in private households with head of household in social class 4 or 5. No car: proportion of all persons in private households with no car. All the proportions are calculated on the households in a given postcode sector.

Table 55 shows an increasing trend in discharges from general acute hospitals between 1997/98 and 1999/00, although improved recording may be partly responsible for this. It should be noted that the same patient may be admitted several times during the course of a year and they will be counted each time in the table. It is difficult to assess to what extent repeat admissions for the same patient contributes to increases in the numbers of discharges.

84 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 General acute hospital inpatient statistics

Table 56 presents information about the drug type recorded for discharges from general acute hospitals. In 1999/00, of a total of 3 869 drug-related discharges, 42 per cent named opioids as a factor in the patients need for treatment. A further 37 per cent of the records were coded mulitiple/other and we can assume that a high proportion of these records relate to patients whose disorders are due to multiple drug use and may also use opioids. Of the total number of drug-related discharges, Greater Glasgow health board area accounted for the largest share (39 per cent) followed by Lothian (13 per cent) and Grampian (11 per cent).

Table 57 presents information about the length of stay associated with a recording of drug misuse. It can be seen that the majority of all stays (88 per cent) are less than one weeks duration, and that a further 10 per cent are of between one weeks and one months duration. In 1999/00 there were no stays of more than three months.

General acute admissions for drug misuse by deprivation category

chart 21 rate per 100 000 population : 1999/00

350

300

250

200

150 Rate per 100 000 population

100

Less deprived Deprivation Category More deprived

Source : ISD Scotland (SMR01)

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 85 General acute hospital inpatient statistics

55 General acute admissions for drug misuse : 1997/98 - 1999/00 health board and council area of residence; age group and gender

1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

Scotland 2 869 3 729 3 869 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 198 274 328 Ayrshire & Arran 206 309 314 Borders 36 27 26 Dumfries & Galloway 75 81 68 Fife 104 153 195 Forth Valley 92 123 114 Grampian 322 343 423 Greater Glasgow 1 085 1 569 1 528 Highland 29 32 44 Lanarkshire 105 185 197 Lothian 476 500 486 Tayside 133 118 126 Island Boards 1 8 15 20 by council area

Aberdeen City 275 277 356 Aberdeenshire 42 60 62 Angus 21 18 17 Argyll & Bute 18 28 40 Ayrshire East 84 112 126 Ayrshire North 57 88 105 Ayrshire South 64 109 83 Borders 36 27 26 Clackmannanshire 19 27 18 Dumfries & Galloway 75 81 68 Dunbartonshire East 19 22 32 Dunbartonshire West 38 33 59 Dundee City 95 72 57 Edinburgh City 383 385 353 Falkirk 55 55 54 Fife 104 153 194 Glasgow City 977 1 445 1 423 Highland 29 32 43 Inverclyde 112 157 138 Lanarkshire North 66 137 133 Lanarkshire South 102 120 109 Lothian East 22 37 33 Lothian West 35 35 62 Midlothian 33 39 36 Perth & Kinross 17 28 52 Renfrewshire 35 63 94 Renfrewshire East 18 15 20 Stirling 18 41 40 Island Councils 2 8 15 20 Other 3 12 18 16 by age group

Under 15 years 43 30 23 15-19 years 346 392 396 20-24 years 645 868 876 25-29 years 674 943 1 012 30-34 years 609 809 856 35 years and over 552 687 706 by gender

Males 1 937 2 606 2 707 Females 932 1 123 1 162

1 Orkney, Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 2 Eilean Siar, Orkney and Shetland councils. 3 Other: includes Moray and records without a full postcode (used to allocate council area).

Source : ISD Scotland (SMR01)

86 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 General acute hospital inpatient statistics

56 General acute admissions for drug misuse ; drug type : 1999/00 health board and council area of residence; age group and gender

Total Opioids Cannab- Sedatives/ Cocaine Other Halluc- Volatile Multiple / inoids Hypnotics Stimulants inogens solvents Other 4

Scotland 3 869 1 628 188 204 39 214 233 39 1 449 by health board Argyll & Clyde 328 155 14 21 3 14 7 5 111 Ayrshire & Arran 314 132 22 38 5 37 29 5 65 Borders 26 1 1 - 1 2 2 2 18 Dumfries & Galloway 68 38 3 8 - 7 3 1 10 Fife 195 49 10 13 - 19 86 2 26 Forth Valley 114 42 10 7 1 6 11 - 40 Grampian 423 318 26 13 8 34 18 3 24 Greater Glasgow 1 528 610 29 22 7 22 25 7 813 Highland 44 12 3 1 1 2 9 - 16 Lanarkshire 197 105 10 3 8 8 14 4 46 Lothian 486 133 48 74 5 47 16 6 215 Tayside 126 31 5 3 - 9 13 4 61 Island Boards 1 20 2 7 1 - 7 - - 4 by council area Aberdeen City 356 284 17 11 6 20 14 3 18 Aberdeenshire 62 34 9 2 2 13 4 - 2 Angus 17 2 3 1 - 3 3 - 5 Argyll & Bute 40 12 2 2 - 2 2 1 19 Ayrshire East 126 62 5 16 3 14 12 - 26 Ayrshire North 105 47 14 18 2 10 3 3 12 Ayrshire South 83 23 3 4 - 13 14 2 27 Borders 26 1 1 - 1 2 2 2 18 Clackmannanshire 18 5 4 - - 1 3 - 5 Dumfries & Galloway 68 38 3 8 - 7 3 1 10 Dunbartonshire East 32 15 ------17 Dunbartonshire West 59 37 2 5 - 4 - - 11 Dundee City 57 21 2 2 - 6 - 4 22 Edinburgh City 353 103 31 56 3 27 2 2 174 Falkirk 54 22 4 4 1 3 1 - 21 Fife 194 49 10 13 - 19 85 2 26 Glasgow City 1 423 548 26 17 7 20 25 7 780 Highland 43 12 3 1 1 2 8 - 16 Inverclyde 138 73 2 5 - 3 3 1 51 Lanarkshire North 133 80 4 1 4 5 8 3 28 Lanarkshire South 109 63 7 2 3 3 6 1 25 Lothian East 33 9 4 8 1 5 1 1 13 Lothian West 62 11 8 6 - 13 12 3 10 Midlothian 36 10 5 4 1 2 - - 17 Perth & Kinross 52 8 - - - - 10 - 34 Renfrewshire 94 32 8 11 1 5 2 3 34 Renfrewshire East 20 6 2 3 2 2 - - 5 Stirling 40 15 2 3 - - 7 - 14 Island Councils 2 20 2 7 1 - 7 - - 4 Other 3 16 4 - - 1 3 3 - 5 by age group Under 15 years 23 1 9 - - - 1 9 4 15-19 years 396 105 55 23 5 72 43 10 109 20-24 years 876 402 39 43 7 58 67 4 292 25-29 years 1 012 454 29 39 10 38 60 4 401 30-34 years 856 383 31 27 4 25 36 8 371 35 years and over 706 283 25 72 13 21 26 4 272 by gender Males 2 707 1 141 152 128 28 158 164 22 1 002 Females 1 162 487 36 76 11 56 69 17 447

1 Orkney, Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 2 Eilean Siar, Orkney and Shetland councils. 3 Other: includes Moray and records without a full postcode (used to allocate council area). 4 Disorders due to multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances.

Source : ISD Scotland (SMR01)

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 87 General acute hospital inpatient statistics

57 General acute admissions for drug misuse ; length of stay : 1999/00 health board and council area of residence; age group and gender

Total less than between 1 week between 1 month more than 1 week and 1 month and 3 months 3 months

Scotland 3 869 3 422 407 40 - by health board

Argyll & Clyde 328 298 28 2 - Ayrshire & Arran 314 293 18 3 - Borders 26 22 3 1 - Dumfries & Galloway 68 65 3 - - Fife 195 175 15 5 - Forth Valley 114 100 13 1 - Grampian 423 383 40 - - Greater Glasgow 1 528 1 310 202 16 - Highland 44 38 5 1 - Lanarkshire 197 170 23 4 - Lothian 486 436 45 5 - Tayside 126 116 9 1 - Island Boards 1 20 16 3 1 by council area

Aberdeen City 356 320 36 - - Aberdeenshire 62 58 4 - - Angus 17 16 1 - - Argyll & Bute 40 36 4 - - Ayrshire East 126 120 5 1 - Ayrshire North 105 95 9 1 - Ayrshire South 83 78 4 1 - Borders 26 22 3 1 - Clackmannanshire 18 16 1 1 - Dumfries & Galloway 68 65 3 - - Dunbartonshire East 32 32 - - - Dunbartonshire West 59 54 5 - - Dundee City 57 52 5 - - Edinburgh City 353 313 35 5 - Falkirk 54 44 10 - - Fife 194 174 15 5 - Glasgow City 1 423 1 219 189 15 - Highland 43 37 5 1 - Inverclyde 138 123 14 1 - Lanarkshire North 133 112 18 3 - Lanarkshire South 109 95 13 1 - Lothian East 33 32 1 - - Lothian West 62 56 6 - - Midlothian 36 34 2 - - Perth & Kinross 52 48 3 1 - Renfrewshire 94 86 7 1 - Renfrewshire East 20 18 2 - - Stirling 40 38 2 - - Island Councils 2 20 16 3 1 - Other 3 16 13 2 1 - by age group

Under 15 years 23 23 - - - 15-19 years 396 382 13 1 - 20-24 years 876 805 65 6 - 25-29 years 1 012 907 96 9 - 30-34 years 856 726 123 7 - 35 years and over 706 579 110 17 - by gender

Males 2 707 2 419 261 27 - Females 1 162 1 003 146 13 -

1 Orkney, Shetland and Western Isles health boards. 2 Eilean Siar, Orkney and Shetland councils. 3 Other includes Moray and records without full postcode (used to allocate council area).

Source : ISD Scotland (SMR01)

88 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Psychiatric inpatient statistics

chapter 5 Psychiatric inpatient statistics

Tables 58 to 63 contain information on admissions to and discharges from mental illness hospitals and psychiatric units (in general hospitals); but exclude admissions to and discharges from the State Hospital at Carstairs. These statistics are derived from data collected through the mental health inpatient and day case return (SMR04) which records information at admission and discharge. On the SMR04 form, up to six seperate diagnoses can be recorded on discharge. A diagnosis in the first position is the principal diagnosis on discharge. A diagnosis 'in any position', refers to the occurence of a diagnosis in any of the six positions (including first and supplementary).

Figures for all admissions, re-admissions and discharges relate to the number of episodes, not to the number of individual patients admitted or discharged. First admissions relate to first ever admissions to a mental illness hospital or psychiatric unit, and therefore approximate to the number of people. It is also important to note that re-admissions will include patients who have returned for treatment after a long period of time, as well as those who have been diagnosed after a short interval.

Diagnosis is recorded on both the admission and the discharge part of the record and diagnosis on discharge may differ from diagnosis on admission. The tables presented here are based on diagnosis on discharge. This, in part, accounts for any differences between the figures published here, and those published in the previous (1999) edition of Drugs Misuse Statistics Scotland. Further differences will reflect an increased completeness of records received from a number of health board areas. In Tables 61 to 63, diagnoses have been grouped together into the following short list of diagnoses based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision:

Diagnosis ICD Numbers (10th Revision)

Dementia F00 - F03 Alcohol misuse F10.0 - F10.9 Drug misuse F11.0 - F16.9, F18.0 - F19.9 Schizophrenia F20 Mood (affective) disorders F30 - F39 - Bipolar affective disorders F31 - Depressive episode F32 - Recurrent depressive disorder F33 Other psychotic disorders F04, F05, F09, F22, F23, F24, F28, F29 Disorders of childhood F80, F81, F82, F84, F88, F89, F90, F93, F94 Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders F40 - F48 Personality disorders F60 Mental handicap F70 - F79 Other conditions All other codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision

The introduction of the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases in April 1996 has resulted in considerable changes to the classification of certain mental and behavioural disorders and, as a result, it is not possible to make direct comparisons at the level of diagnostic groups before and after this date. Consequently, to avoid any possible confusion, trends in admissions to mental illness hospitals and psychiatric units by diagnosis are not shown in this edition of Drugs Misuse Statistics Scotland. Future editions may contain trends based on the new classification.

Data for 1999/00 were unavailable at time of going to print. Data for 1998/99 are presented here.

For more information on this topic please contact Harry Purser (0131 551 8011).

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 89 Psychiatric inpatient statistics

Analysis of tables Table 58 presents data showing trends in admission to psychiatric hospitals involving drug misuse. Between 1993/94 and 1998/99, there has been an increase in the number of admissions, although improved recording may be responsible in part. In 1998/99, the largest proportion of hospital episodes with a drug misuse diagnosis (in any position) was in the Greater Glasgow health board area (25 per cent), followed by Ayrshire & Arran (14 per cent).

Table 59 presents information about the drug type recorded against admissions with a main diagnosis on discharge of drugs misuse. The category of drugs most frequently recorded is that of multiple/other psychotic substances. Beyond this, opiates are the drug type most frequently mentioned.

Of the 1 115 cases where a main diagnosis of drug misuse was recorded, the majority of the patients were aged between 20 and 29 (53 per cent). Males accounted for 70 per cent of those individuals with a diagnosis of drug misuse, a similar percentage to that found by the Scottish Drug Misuse Database (67 per cent, Table 4, page 23).

Table 60 presents information about the length of stay associated with a diagnosis of drug misuse. It can be seen that 40 per cent of all stays (684) are of less than one weeks duration, and a further 734 (43 per cent) are of between one weeks and one months duration. Two hundred and eighty five episodes recorded stays of one month or longer.

Tables 61 and 62 show information about the diagnostic category of supplementary discharge diagnoses and main discharge diagnoses, respectively. A total of four diagnoses (main plus three additional) may be recorded on the discharge record. Note that in each of these tables, some individuals may appear in more than one column (as they may have received more than one supplementary diagnosis). In 1998/99, there were 1 115 discharges with a main diagnosis of drug misuse and approximately a quarter of these had an additional diagnosis recorded (Table 61). In total, 317 discharges had an additional diagnosis in the second position, 58 in the third position and 11 in the fourth position. Only 45 of the 317 discharges with an additional diagnosis in the second position had a drug-related diagnosis in this position as well.

Not all discharges with a drug-related diagnosis have these diagnoses as a main diagnosis on discharge. Table 62 shows the main discharge diagnosis for discharges with a drug-related diagnosis in the second, third or fourth position. A total of 553 discharges had a drug-related diagnosis in the second position. For these, the most common main diagnoses were of schizophrenia and mood (affective) disorders. Mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of alcohol and neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders also feature highly.

Table 63 presents information about the diagnostic category of main diagnosis. Discharges with a main diagnosis of drug misuse account for 3.3 per cent of all discharges, while discharges with a diagnosis of drug misuse in any position, account for 5.1 per cent.

90 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Psychiatric inpatient statistics

58 Psychiatric inpatient discharges with a diagnosis of drug misuse 1,2 : 1993/94 - 1998/99 p previous psychiatric inpatient status, health board of residence and council area

Discharge diagnoses

1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 r 1998/99 p

Main All Main All Main All Main All Main All Main All

Scotland

All admissions 836 1 487 827 1 497 905 1 572 1 010 1 384 1 147 1 705 1 115 1 703 First admission 386 602 375 633 389 581 394 501 450 591 429 558 by health board

Argyll & Clyde 90 135 94 132 98 143 98 139 119 187 114 189 Ayrshire & Arran 117 215 115 223 113 223 101 131 164 207 168 238 Borders 17 22 24 32 18 29 35 43 20 31 24 39 Dumfries & Galloway 17 29 19 34 30 42 30 35 37 46 24 36 Fife 26 35 32 40 31 49 36 56 51 91 58 94 Forth Valley 46 70 20 72 41 98 52 74 48 66 38 67 Grampian 47 67 44 57 62 71 72 83 54 66 51 64 Greater Glasgow 206 244 202 248 220 267 232 286 285 422 307 434 Highland 34 178 35 147 25 86 23 41 25 46 31 46 Lanarkshire 81 213 67 212 63 162 79 100 96 120 63 80 Lothian 83 161 84 157 103 192 103 183 110 194 95 157 Orkney ------1 1 Shetland - 1---- 3 3---- Tayside 50 72 57 86 74 140 97 141 97 167 92 178 Western Isles 2 5 1 5 - 8 - - - 2 - - Other 20 40 33 52 27 62 49 69 41 60 49 80 by council area

Aberdeen City 34 41 28 31 44 51 46 53 35 43 36 43 Aberdeenshire 6 8 9 14 15 16 17 21 15 19 9 11 Angus 3 6 6 10 10 14 14 17 8 14 9 12 Argyll and Bute 14 16 9 9 10 13 8 8 16 18 12 15 Clackmannanshire 4 6 4 7 6 16 6 8 5 8 7 10 Dumfries & Galloway 17 29 19 34 30 42 30 35 37 46 24 36 Dundee City 41 52 45 66 52 109 59 93 69 124 57 106 East Ayrshire 36 64 45 74 47 65 41 56 49 62 34 52 East Dunbartonshire 9 14 7 7 12 13 8 9 14 18 7 11 East Lothian 9 9 7 9 7 10 10 14 8 16 3 3 East Renfrewshire 7 10 11 17 16 18 18 25 9 20 17 27 Edinburgh City 47 100 46 93 69 134 67 125 73 138 73 129 Eilean Siar 2 5 1 5 - 8 - - - 2 - - Falkirk 21 39 11 49 23 56 26 37 17 28 16 30 Fife 25 34 32 40 31 49 36 55 51 90 58 94 Glasgow City 181 212 172 207 190 230 184 229 240 360 280 390 Highland 34 178 35 147 25 86 23 41 25 46 31 46 Inverclyde 21 32 14 22 20 28 14 26 7 14 26 40 Midlothian 7 11 8 13 3 7 15 26 13 19 15 21 Moray 7 18 7 12 3 4 9 9 4 4 6 10 North Ayrshire 57 89 45 70 41 73 38 48 78 103 96 126 North Lanarkshire 52 108 38 95 45 121 66 87 74 92 45 56 Orkney Islands ------1 1 Perth and Kinross 6 13 6 10 12 16 24 31 20 29 26 60 Renfrewshire 43 72 44 68 42 70 37 57 56 93 54 87 Scottish Borders 17 22 24 32 18 29 35 43 20 31 24 39 Shetland Islands - 1---- 3 3---- South Ayrshire 24 62 25 79 25 84 20 25 35 40 38 59 South Lanarkshire 36 110 39 127 26 49 30 32 32 42 25 36 Stirling 21 24 5 15 11 24 18 27 25 29 15 27 West Dunbartonshire 12 15 26 36 18 25 41 48 51 70 18 41 West Lothian 20 41 23 42 24 40 11 18 16 21 4 4 Other 23 46 36 57 30 72 56 78 45 66 49 81

1 Excludes abuse of tobacco or alcohol. 2 'Main’ is the Primary diagnosis; ‘All’ includes supplementary diagnoses. r Revised. p Provisional.

Source : ISD Scotland (SMR04)

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 91 Psychiatric inpatient statistics

59 Psychiatric inpatient discharges with a main discharge diagnosis of drug misuse 1: 1998/99 p drug type, previous psychiatric inpatient status, health board of residence, age group, gender and council area

Total Opioids Cannab- Sedatives/ Cocaine Other Halluc- Volatile Mutiple/ inoids Hypnotics stimulants inogens solvents Other 5

Scotland (All discharges) 2 1 115 322 51 63 1 67 8 2 601

1st admission 429 126 21 25 - 31 1 - 225 Re-admission 663 190 29 37 1 34 4 2 366 by health board

Argyll and Clyde 114 27 5 5 - 4 1 - 72 Ayrshire & Arran 168 58 16 18 - 4 - - 72 Borders 24833 -3 - -7 Dumfries & Galloway 24 15 2 1 - - - - 6 Fife 58 12 4 11 1 6 - - 24 Forth Valley 38 14 1 3 - 4 3 - 13 Grampian 51 9 3 5 - 3 1 - 30 Greater Glasgow 307 112 2 3 - 18 2 1 169 Highland 31 7 1 - - 3 - - 20 Lanarkshire 63 17 - - - 1 1 - 44 Lothian 95 17 6 5 - 10 - 1 56 Orkney 1--1----- Shetland ------Tayside 92 14 8 3 - 7 - - 60 Western Isles ------Other/ not known 3 49 12 - 5 - 4 - - 28 by age group 4

Under 15 years 2------2 15-19 years 116 19 6 3 - 5 1 - 82 20-24 years 280 91 16 15 - 10 1 - 147 25-29 years 306 82 11 18 1 21 - - 173 30-34 years 205 61 9 8 - 18 5 2 102 35 years and over 206 69 9 19 - 13 1 - 95 by gender

Male 776 232 44 37 - 47 8 1 407 Female 339 90 7 26 1 20 - 1 194 by council area

Aberdeen City 36 9 3 5 - 3 - - 16 Aberdeenshire 9------9 Angus 9-11----7 Argyll and Bute 12122 -1 - -6 Clackmannanshire 71 -1 - -1 -4 Dumfries & Galloway 24 15 2 1 - - - - 6 Dundee City 57 9 4 - - 6 - - 38 East Ayrshire 34 9 2 6 - 3 - - 14 East Dunbartonshire 71------6 East Lothian 3-1-----2 East Renfrewshire 172------15 Edinburgh City 73 12 2 4 - 9 - - 46 Eilean Siar ------Falkirk 16 10 1 1 - - - - 4 Fife 58 12 4 11 1 6 - - 24 Glasgow City 280 106 2 3 - 16 2 1 150 Highland 31 7 1 - - 3 - - 20 Inverclyde 26 11 - 3 - 2 - - 10 Midlothian 15331 -1 -16 Moray 6-----1-5 North Ayrshire 96 44 13 10 - 1 - - 28 North Lanarkshire 45 15 - - - 1 - - 29 Orkney Islands 1--1----- Perth and Kinross 26 5 3 2 - 1 - - 15 Renfrewshire 54 9 - - - 1 1 - 43 Scottish Borders 24833 -3 - -7 Shetland Islands ------South Ayrshire 38512----30 South Lanarkshire 25 4 - - - - 1 - 20 Stirling 15 3 - 1 - 4 2 - 5 West Dunbartonshire 18 7 3 - - 2 - - 6 West Lothian 42------2 Other/ not known 3 49 12 - 5 - 4 - - 28

1 Excludes abuse of tobacco or alcohol. 2 Includes type of admission not known, and cases with a missing or invalid response. 3 Patients resident outwith Scotland or those where Health Board or Local Council Area is not known. 4 Age on admission. 5 Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances. p Provisional.

Source : ISD Scotland (SMR04).

92 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Psychiatric inpatient statistics

60 Psychiatric inpatient discharges with a discharge diagnosis of drug misuse 1 in any position : 1998/99 p length of stay, previous psychiatric inpatient status, health board of residence, age group, gender, and council area

Total less than between 1 week between 1 month more than 1 week and 1 month and 3 months 3 months

Scotland (All discharges) 2 1 703 684 734 231 54

1st admission 558 245 249 56 8 Re-admission 1 111 419 473 174 45 by health board

Argyll and Clyde 189 71 84 27 7 Ayrshire & Arran 238 92 105 40 1 Borders 39 14 21 4 - Dumfries & Galloway 36 16 13 2 5 Fife 94 39 38 16 1 Forth Valley 67 25 30 11 1 Grampian 64 27 26 10 1 Greater Glasgow 434 176 188 56 14 Highland 46 10 22 7 7 Lanarkshire 80 31 40 7 2 Lothian 157 68 74 13 2 Orkney 11 - - - Shetland ----- Tayside 178 72 65 33 8 Western Isles ----- Other/ not known 3 80 42 28 5 5 by age group 4

Under 15 years 211 - - 15-19 years 164 78 60 20 6 20-24 years 398 177 153 55 13 25-29 years 460 186 205 55 14 30-34 years 328 122 146 47 13 35 years and over 351 120 169 54 8 by gender

Male 1 177 478 495 163 41 Female 526 206 239 68 13 by council area

Aberdeen City 43 18 22 3 - Aberdeenshire 11 5 3 3 - Angus 12 2 5 5 - Argyll and Bute 15 4 7 4 - Clackmannanshire 10 4 4 2 - Dumfries & Galloway 36 16 13 2 5 Dundee City 106 47 38 17 4 East Ayrshire 52 14 28 10 - East Dunbartonshire 11 3 6 1 1 East Lothian 3 1 1 1 - East Renfrewshire 27 8 11 4 4 Edinburgh City 129 54 62 12 1 Eilean Siar ----- Falkirk 30 13 12 4 1 Fife 94 39 38 16 1 Glasgow City 390 155 173 51 11 Highland 46 10 22 7 7 Inverclyde 40 17 19 3 1 Midlothian 21 11 9 - 1 Moray 10 4 1 4 1 North Ayrshire 126 52 54 19 1 North Lanarkshire 56 18 32 4 2 Orkney Islands 1 1 - - - Perth and Kinross 60 23 22 11 4 Renfrewshire 87 34 35 16 2 Scottish Borders 39 14 21 4 - Shetland Islands ----- South Ayrshire 59 26 22 11 - South Lanarkshire 36 18 14 4 - Stirling 27 8 14 5 - West Dunbartonshire 41 21 15 3 2 West Lothian 4 2 2 - - Other/ not known 3 81 42 29 5 5

Source : ISD Scotland (SMR04).

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 93 Psychiatric inpatient statistics

61 Psychiatric inpatient discharges with a main discharge diagnosis of drug misuse 1,2 : 1998/99 p supplementary discharge diagnosis

2nd discharge diagnosis 3rd discharge diagnosis 4th discharge diagnosis

All discharges Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Dementia 1-1 ------Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of alcohol 35 26 9 1 1 - - - - Mental and behavioural disorders due to drug misuse 45 30 15 9 5 4 1 1 - Schizophrenia 24 23 1 4 4 - - - -

Mood (affective) disorders 30 17 13 2 1 1 - - - - Bipolar affective disorder 22------Depressive episode 24 14 10 2 1 1 - - - - Recurrent depressive disorder 312 ------

Other psychotic disorders 15 13 2 2 2 - - - - Disorders of childhood ------Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders 40 22 18 ------Personality disorder 41 29 12 7 4 3 1 1 - Mental handicap ------Other 86 58 28 33 23 10 9 6 3

Total 317 218 99 58 40 18 11 8 3

No supplementary diagnosis 798 558 240 1 057 736 321 1 104 768 336

1 Excludes abuse of tobacco or alcohol in main diagnosis. 2 As an individual may have a number of diagnoses in any discharge record, some individuals may appear in more than one column. p Provisional.

Source : ISD Scotland (SMR04)

62 Psychiatric inpatient discharges with a supplementary discharge diagnosis of drug misuse 1,2 : 1998/99 p main discharge diagnosis

Main discharge diagnosis for discharges with a drug-related diagnosis in the : 2nd position 3rd position 4th position All discharges Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Dementia ------11- Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of alcohol 68 51 17 16 13 3 - - - Mental and behavioural disorders due to drug misuse 45 30 15 9 5 4 1 1 - Schizophrenia 152 133 19 27 27 - 1 1 -

Mood (affective) disorders 103 53 50 11 5 6 1 - 1 - Bipolar affective disorder 30 18 12 ------Depressive episode 64 30 34 8 4 4 1 - 1 - Recurrent depressive disorder 633 1 -1 - - -

Other psychotic disorders 27 23 4 7 6 1 - - - Disorders of childhood 11------Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders 63 29 34 9 5 4 5 4 1 Personality disorder 54 30 24 10 5 5 1 - 1 Mental handicap ------Other 40 24 16 7 4 3 - - -

Total 553 374 179 96 70 26 10 7 3

1 Excludes abuse of tobacco or alcohol as a supplementary diagnosis. 2 As an individual may have a number of diagnoses in any discharge record, some individuals may appear in more than one column. p Provisional.

Source : ISD Scotland (SMR04)

94 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Psychiatric inpatient statistics

63 Psychiatric inpatient discharges by main discharge diagnosis : 1998/99 p all discharges by previous psychiatric inpatient status and gender

Total Male Female

All discharges 1,2 Dementia 5 233 2 113 3 120 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of alcohol 3 921 2 777 1 144 Mental and behavioural disorders due to drug misuse 1 115 776 339 Schizophrenia 4 052 2 740 1 312

Mood (affective) disorders 7 950 2 999 4 951 - Bipolar affective disorder 1 870 743 1 127 - Depressive episode 4 366 1 652 2 714 - Recurrent depressive disorder 1 062 315 747

Other psychotic disorders 1 503 824 679 Disorders of Childhood 195 141 54 Neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders 2 070 831 1 239 Personality disorder 1 091 410 681 Mental handicap 4 150 2 562 1 588 Other 2 028 998 1 030

Total 33 308 17 171 16 137

First admissions 2 Dementia 1 774 663 1 111 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of alcohol 1 130 801 329 Mental and behavioural disorders due to drug misuse 429 304 125 Schizophrenia 410 283 127

Mood (affective) disorders 2 154 881 1 273 - Bipolar affective disorder 231 105 126 - Depressive episode 1 561 633 928 - Recurrent depressive disorder 173 54 119

Other psychotic disorders 560 292 268 Disorders of Childhood 43 28 15 Neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders 853 387 466 Personality disorder 153 72 81 Mental handicap 231 124 107 Other 576 293 283

Total 8 313 4 128 4 185

Re-admissions 2,3 Dementia 3 133 1 316 1 817 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of alcohol 2 628 1 853 775 Mental and behavioural disorders due to drug misuse 663 453 210 Schizophrenia 3 578 2 417 1 161

Mood (affective) disorders 5 616 2 045 3 571 - Bipolar affective disorder 1 615 629 986 - Depressive episode 2 675 965 1 710 - Recurrent depressive disorder 877 258 619

Other psychotic disorders 903 514 389 Disorders of Childhood 150 111 39 Neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders 1 175 428 747 Personality disorder 916 324 592 Mental handicap 3 882 2 410 1 472 Other 1 392 679 713

Total 24 036 12 550 11 486

1 Includes type of admission ‘not known’. 2 Includes patients with learning disabilities. 3 Includes transfers in from other psychiatric inpatient care. p Provisional.

Source : ISD Scotland (SMR04).

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 95 Drug misuse in pregnancy

chapter 6 Drug misuse in pregnancy

Introduction This section presents national statistics on drug misuse during pregnancy. The source of the information is maternity inpatient and day case records (SMR02) and neonatal discharge records (SMR11) collected by the Information and Statistics Division (ISD Scotland).

Over recent years, there has been increased recognition of the particular treatment needs of pregnant women who are drug users. Also, efforts have been made by clinicians and others to improve the identification and recording of diagnoses of drug misuse. Under-recording problems, however, still exist, and it is recognised that the statistics presented here are underestimates. For example, estimates from clinicians in Glasgow suggest that actual numbers of maternities involving drug-using women may be as high as twice the number recorded on the SMR02 records. This highlights the need to develop a consistent approach to recording.

The data does, nevertheless, provide a useful starting point in looking at the issue of drug misuse in pregnancy at a national level.

SMR02 records Since 1976, the maternity inpatient and day case record (SMR02) system has achieved national coverage of 98 per cent of all births. Delivery records account for approximately half of all maternity inpatient and day case discharges each year; antenatal, postnatal and abortion episodes make up the remaining discharges.

SMR11 records Record type SMR11 records all neonatal discharge information (including from neonatal units and postnatal cots), with records being generated for sick babies who fall into one of the following categories:

babies who require medical care (other than (a) resuscitation immediately after birth or (b) routine screening) babies who have a congenital anomaly (whether or not medical treatment is given at that time).

Drug misuse diagnoses Drug misuse is recorded on the SMR02 and SMR11 returns using the following codes from the International Classification of Diseases (10th revision).

SMR02 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of: opioids (code F11); cannabinoids (F12); sedatives or hypnotics (F13); cocaine (F14); other stimulants (F15); hallucinogens (F16); volatile solvents (F18); multiple drug use and use of other psycho-active substances (F19) Maternal care for suspected damage to fetus by drugs (O35.5).

SMR11 Fetus and newborn affected by maternal use of drugs of addiction (P04.4) Neonatal withdrawal symptoms from maternal use of drugs of addiction (P96.1).

96 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Drug misuse in pregnancy

Analysis of the data The figures presented cover the last four financial years 1996/97, 1997/98, 1998/99, 1999/00. Data for 1997/ 98 and 1998/99 are revised, so will be different from previously published figures. The data for the last year are provisional and should, therefore, be treated with caution. Due to delays in receipt of data from two health boards (Greater Glasgow and Western Isles), figures at Scotland level and for these health boards are not shown for 1999/00. For this reason, analysis here is taken from the revised 1998/99 figures.

Care should be taken when comparing numbers over time as there has been an improvement in drug misuse recording over the last four years. Also, recording practices of drug misuse diagnoses may vary between, and within, hospitals, which contributes to part of the differences between health boards or council areas. Due to these inconsistencies in recording, this data may not necessarily be a true reflection of current practices.

Table 64 shows the total number of antenatal discharges over the last four years, together with the number of discharges where drug misuse was recorded. In 1998/99, of a total of 62 123 discharges recorded, 177 included a diagnosis of drug misuse. Greater Glasgow health board area accounted for the largest share (94 cases, 53 per cent), followed by Grampian (32 cases, 18 per cent) and Ayrshire & Arran (26 cases, 15 per cent). The rate of discharges recording drug misuse diagnoses (per 1,000 discharges) indicates an increase in the occurrence of such cases over the past few years. The rates in 1996/97, 1997/98 and 1998/99 were 1.6, 2.3 and 2.8 respectively.

Of the 177 cases where a diagnosis of drug misuse was recorded, the majority of the mothers were aged between 20 and 29 (116 cases, 66 per cent).

Table 65 presents information about maternities (pregnancies which result in a live or stillbirth) for the last four years. In 1998/99, of a total of 55 537 maternities recorded, there were 197 cases where the mother had a diagnosis of drug misuse. Of these, 89 cases (45 per cent) were in Greater Glasgow health board area , followed by Grampian (37 cases, 19 per cent). Of the 197 cases where a diagnosis of drug misuse was recorded, the majority of the mothers were aged between 20 and 29 (136 cases, 69 per cent).

The data in Table 66 relates to neonatal discharges over the last four years. In 1998/99, there were a total of 17 851 neonatal discharges in Scotland, of which 245 included a diagnosis of drug misuse. Once again, Greater Glasgow health board area accounted for the largest share (100 cases, 41 per cent), followed by Grampian (42 cases, 17 per cent), then Ayrshire and Arran (23 cases, 9 per cent). The rate of discharges recording drug misuse diagnoses (per 1,000 discharges) indicates an increase in the occurrence of such cases over the past few years. The rates in 1996/97, 1997/98 and 1998/99 were 9.3, 12.5 and 13.7 respectively.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 97 Drug misuse in pregnancy

64 Antenatal discharges 1 : 1996/97 - 1999/00 health board, council area of residence and age at discharge

All Discharges Discharges Recording Drug Misuse 4 Number Rate per 1 000 Discharges rr 5,p rrrr 5,p 5,p 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

Scotland 61 758 62 854 62 123 ** 99 147 177 ** 1.6 2.3 2.8 ** by health board

Argyll and Clyde 8 288 8 398 8 509 8 688 6 3 4 23 0.7 0.4 0.5 2.6 Ayrshire and Arran 6 302 6 551 6 578 6 722 4 4 26 26 0.6 0.6 4.0 3.9 Borders 789 862 664 752 ------Dumfries & Galloway 1 965 1 997 1 887 1 936 - - 1 6 - - 0.5 3.1 Fife 3 685 3 739 4 220 4 430 1 2 3 1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.2 Forth Valley 3 639 3 421 3 454 3 025 - - 2 4 - - 0.6 1.3 Grampian 4 367 4 621 4 729 4 435 9 26 32 21 2.1 5.6 6.8 4.7 Greater Glasgow 11 116 11 936 11 001 ** 64 83 94 ** 5.8 7.0 8.5 ** Highland 1 518 1 436 1 444 1 411 - - 1 - - - 0.7 - Lanarkshire 6 877 7 179 7 160 5 682 2 4 2 - 0.3 0.6 0.3 - Lothian 9 773 10 007 10 419 10 221 7 6 7 - 0.7 0.6 0.7 - Tayside 2 736 1 960 1 279 1 276 5 19 5 6 1.8 9.7 3.9 4.7 Orkney 142 162 176 76 ------Shetland 148 173 152 173 ------Western Isles 186 152 192 ** - - - ** ---** Other 2 227 260 259 192 1 - - - 4.4 - - - by council area

Aberdeen City 2 081 2 115 2 419 2 296 8 23 27 18 3.8 10.9 11.2 7.8 Aberdeenshire 1 740 1 994 1 895 1 794 - 3 3 2 - 1.5 1.6 1.1 Angus 608 502 382 357 2 1 - - 3.3 2.0 - - Argyll and Bute 774 732 739 665 - - - 1 ---1.5 Ayrshire East 2 006 2 167 2 097 2 045 - - 12 10 - - 5.7 4.9 Ayrshire North 2 743 2 747 2 871 2 929 4 4 11 15 1.5 1.5 3.8 5.1 Ayrshire South 1 541 1 616 1 596 1 675 - - 3 1 - - 1.9 0.6 Borders 788 860 663 733 ------Clackmannanshire 468 345 342 311 - - 1 - - - 2.9 - Dumfries & Galloway 1 958 1 996 1 887 1 935 - - 1 6 - - 0.5 3.1 Dunbartonshire East 842 881 961 ** - - 1 ** - - 1.0 ** Dunbartonshire West 1 180 1 305 1 299 ** 1 6 5 ** 0.8 4.6 3.8 ** Dundee City 1 626 913 500 517 3 14 2 3 1.8 15.3 4.0 5.8 Edinburgh City 4 337 4 797 5 089 5 088 6 2 5 - 1.4 0.4 1.0 - Falkirk 2 478 2 466 2 481 2 198 - - - 2 ---0.9 Fife 3 681 3 738 4 201 4 314 1 2 3 1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.2 Glasgow City 7 998 8 524 7 848 ** 62 70 84 ** 7.8 8.2 10.7 ** Highland 1 517 1 435 1 437 1 301 - - 1 - - - 0.7 - Inverclyde 1 069 1 027 998 1 154 5 3 4 2 4.7 2.9 4.0 1.7 Lanarkshire North 3 845 4 122 4 080 3 110 1 4 1 - 0.3 1.0 0.2 - Lanarkshire South 3 862 3 961 3 644 2 786 3 7 5 - 0.8 1.8 1.4 - Lothian East 598 548 759 741 1 - 1 - 1.7 - 1.3 - Lothian West 4 121 3 886 3 470 3 329 - 4 - - - 1.0 - - Midlothian 717 774 1 032 951 - - 1 - - - 1.0 - Moray 545 510 370 181 1 - - - 1.8 - - - Perth & Kinross 500 529 397 383 - 1 3 3 - 1.9 7.6 7.8 Renfrewshire 5 089 5 195 5 376 5 479 - - - 1 ---0.2 Renfrewshire East 1 576 1 719 1 584 ** - - - ** ---** Stirling 650 608 618 490 - - 1 2 - - 1.6 4.1 Island Councils 3 476 487 519 ** - - - ** --- ** Other 2 344 355 569 1 118 1 3 2 1 2.9 8.5 3.5 0.9 by age at discharge

Under 15 years 56 31 39 19 ------15-19 years 6 101 6 686 6 592 6 132 10 25 36 21 1.6 3.7 5.5 3.4 20-24 years 12 931 12 561 11 884 10 537 38 52 71 34 2.9 4.1 6.0 3.2 25-29 years 19 792 19 009 18 722 15 401 37 52 45 37 1.9 2.7 2.4 2.4 30-34 years 15 832 16 504 16 612 14 673 13 15 18 5 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.3 35 years and over 7 046 8 063 8 274 7 563 1 3 7 - 0.1 0.4 0.8 -

1 An antenatal discharge is defined as an inpatient or day case where the woman is discharged “still pregnant”. A woman may have more than one antenatal discharge. The figures show the total number of discharges, not he number of women discharged. 2 Area of residence “not known” or outwith Scotland. 3 Eileen Siar, Orkney and Shetland councils. 4 Drug misuse is defined using the following International Classification of Disease (10th Revision) codes: O35.5, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16, F18, and F19. 5 Numbers are lower than expected due to under recording, particularly in Greater Glasgow and Western Isles health board areas. r Revised. p Provisional. ** Data not available.

Source : Scottish Morbidity Record (SMR02)

98 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Drug misuse in pregnancy

65 Number of maternities1,2 : 1996/97 - 1999/00 health board, council area of residence and age of mother

All maternities Maternities recording drug misuse 5 Number Rate per 1 000 Discharges r r 6,p r r 6,p r r 6,p 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

Scotland 57 499 57 620 55 537 ** 145 139 197 ** 2.5 2.4 3.5 ** by health board

Argyll and Clyde 4 807 4 823 4 581 4 213 3 8 7 14 0.6 1.7 1.5 3.3 Ayrshire and Arran 4 057 4 004 3 972 3 612 2 2 22 23 0.5 0.5 5.5 6.4 Borders 1 087 1 023 989 1 001 ------Dumfries & Galloway 1 402 1 547 1 399 1 331 - - - 3 - - - 2.3 Fife 3 716 3 658 3 667 3 510 2 5 8 10 0.5 1.4 2.2 2.8 Forth Valley 2 983 3 138 3 098 2 847 1 - - 3 0.3 - - 1.1 Grampian 5 917 5 954 5 626 5 470 13 33 37 30 2.2 5.5 6.6 5.5 Greater Glasgow 10 505 10 667 9 893 ** 84 54 89 ** 8.0 5.1 9.0 ** Highland 2 329 2 358 2 333 2 100 1 - 2 2 0.4 - 0.9 1.0 Lanarkshire 6 521 6 533 6 386 5 504 5 1 3 - 0.8 0.2 0.5 - Lothian 9 027 8 789 8 695 8 475 13 10 10 5 1.4 1.1 1.2 0.6 Tayside 4 332 4 267 4 013 3 890 20 26 19 23 4.6 6.1 4.7 5.9 Orkney 210 210 200 144 ------Shetland 249 266 260 244 ------Western Isles 238 231 260 ** - - - ** ---** Other 3 119 152 165 139 1 - - - 8.4 - - - by council area

Aberdeen City 2 326 2 352 2 270 2 262 9 25 31 24 3.9 10.6 13.7 10.6 Aberdeenshire 2 588 2 543 2 350 2 201 - 7 5 6 - 2.8 2.1 2.7 Angus 1 220 1 186 1 138 1 023 3 3 3 1 2.5 2.5 2.6 1.0 Argyll and Bute 902 893 844 695 1 1 - 4 1.1 1.1 - 5.8 Ayrshire East 1 363 1 353 1 308 1 202 - 1 12 11 - 0.7 9.2 9.2 Ayrshire North 1 547 1 533 1 510 1 363 1 1 7 6 0.6 0.7 4.6 4.4 Ayrshire South 1 142 1 116 1 147 1 003 1 - 3 6 0.9 - 2.6 6.0 Borders 1 086 1 023 987 982 ------Clackmannanshire 587 556 531 516 ------Dumfries & Galloway 1 402 1 545 1 398 1 330 - - - 3 - - - 2.3 Dunbartonshire East 1 046 1 157 1 092 ** 1 - - ** 1.0 - - ** Dunbartonshire West 1 151 1 134 1 068 ** 1 1 2 ** 0.9 0.9 1.9 ** Dundee City 1 755 1 644 1 565 1 497 15 21 9 18 8.5 12.8 5.8 12.0 Edinburgh City 5 048 4 909 4 754 4 640 12 8 9 4 2.4 1.6 1.9 0.9 Falkirk 1 499 1 635 1 658 1 532 ------Fife 3 712 3 655 3 656 3 392 2 5 8 10 0.5 1.4 2.2 2.9 Glasgow City 7 359 7 431 6 800 ** 80 50 81 ** 10.9 6.7 11.9 ** Highland 2 325 2 359 2 306 1 933 1 - 2 2 0.4 - 0.9 1.0 Inverclyde 967 953 920 869 2 6 4 2 2.1 6.3 4.3 2.3 Lanarkshire North 3 944 3 943 3 863 3 055 3 - 3 - 0.8 - 0.8 - Lanarkshire South 3 387 3 378 3 215 2 705 4 4 7 - 1.2 1.2 2.2 - Lothian East 1 066 988 998 946 ------Lothian West 2 003 1 977 1 969 1 898 1 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Midlothian 898 911 932 892 - 1 - - - 1.1 - - Moray 1 001 1 051 942 699 4 1 - - 4.0 1.0 - - Perth & Kinross 1 351 1 432 1 304 1 300 2 1 7 4 1.5 0.7 5.4 3.1 Renfrewshire 2 051 2 115 1 980 1 883 - 1 1 1 - 0.5 0.5 0.5 Renfrewshire East 994 986 971 ** - - 1 ** - - 1.0 ** Stirling 870 934 906 773 1 - - 3 1.1 - - 3.9 Island Councils 4 697 706 718 ** - - - ** ---** Other 3 212 222 437 1 203 1 1 1 - 4.7 4.5 2.3 - by age of mother

Under 15 years 30 19 31 15 ------15-19 years 4 507 4 817 4 775 4 159 16 23 26 27 3.6 4.8 5.4 6.5 20-24 years 10 728 10 145 9 573 8 142 63 48 63 47 5.9 4.7 6.6 5.8 25-29 years 18 786 18 023 16 745 13 602 47 44 73 37 2.5 2.4 4.4 2.7 30-34 years 16 584 17 045 16 572 14 217 14 21 28 18 0.8 1.2 1.7 1.3 35 years and over 6 864 7 571 7 841 6 834 5 3 7 5 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.7

1 Excludes home births. 2 A maternity is defined as a pregnancy which results in a live or stillbirth: multiple pregnancies counted only once. 3 Area of residence “not known” or outwith Scotland. 4 Eileen Siar, Orkney and Shetland councils. 5 Drug misuse is defined using the following International Classification of Disease (10th Revision) codes: O35.5, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16, F18, and F19. 6 Numbers are lower than expected due to under recording, particularly in Greater Glasgow and Western Isles health board areas. r Revised. p Provisional. ** Data not available.

Source : Scottish Morbidity Record (SMR02)

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 99 Drug misuse in pregnancy

66 Neonatal discharges1 : 1996/97 - 1999/00 health board and council area of residence

All Discharges Discharges Recording Drug Misuse 4 Number Rate per 1 000 Discharges rr 5,p rrrr 5,p 5,p 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

Scotland 17 351 17 322 17 851 ** 161 217 245 ** 9.3 12.5 13.7 ** by health board

Argyll and Clyde 2 303 1 304 1 127 1 038 9 11 22 27 3.9 8.4 19.5 26.0 Ayrshire and Arran 854 998 887 660 10 17 23 27 11.7 17.0 25.9 40.9 Borders 273 238 251 272 - 1 - 2 - 4.2 - 7.4 Dumfries & Galloway 274 315 284 279 2 3 5 7 7.3 9.5 17.6 25.1 Fife 570 527 532 488 6 6 10 15 10.5 11.4 18.8 30.7 Forth Valley 580 676 609 695 2 7 2 12 3.4 10.4 3.3 17.3 Grampian 3 825 3 952 3 838 3 879 24 60 42 62 6.3 15.2 10.9 16.0 Greater Glasgow 2 989 3 466 3 880 ** 59 66 100 ** 19.7 19.0 25.8 ** Highland 552 595 555 596 3 4 5 6 5.4 6.7 9.0 10.1 Lanarkshire 1 441 1 390 1 580 1 297 4 2 4 6 2.8 1.4 2.5 4.6 Lothian 2 187 2 414 3 072 3 465 20 16 19 28 9.1 6.6 6.2 8.1 Tayside 1 210 1 106 881 562 21 24 12 3 17.4 21.7 13.6 5.3 Orkney 112 143 121 102 ------Shetland 119 127 144 152 - - - 1 ---6.6 Western Isles 24 28 29 ** - - - ** ---** Other 2 38 43 61 51 1 - 1 - 26.3 - 16.4 - by council area

Aberdeen City 1 688 1 687 1 689 1 824 21 43 36 44 12.4 25.5 21.3 24.1 Aberdeenshire 1 884 1 981 1 938 1 883 1 15 6 13 0.5 7.6 3.1 6.9 Angus 290 269 247 111 2 3 2 - 6.9 11.2 8.1 - Argyll and Bute 584 286 261 209 1 - 3 7 1.7 - 11.5 33.5 Ayrshire East 307 353 285 248 7 9 12 11 22.8 25.5 42.1 44.4 Ayrshire North 323 372 352 228 1 4 8 11 3.1 10.8 22.7 48.2 Ayrshire South 224 272 248 180 2 4 3 5 8.9 14.7 12.1 27.8 Borders 270 238 251 263 - 1 - 2 - 4.2 - 7.6 Clackmannanshire 118 148 142 146 1 - 1 1 8.5 - 7.0 6.8 Dumfries & Galloway 274 314 284 276 2 3 5 7 7.3 9.6 17.6 25.4 Dunbartonshire East 270 398 423 ** - - 2 ** - - 4.7 ** Dunbartonshire West 733 410 448 ** 2 4 6 ** 2.7 9.8 13.4 ** Dundee City 518 451 379 173 9 16 8 1 17.4 35.5 21.1 5.8 Edinburgh City 1 318 1 543 1 954 2 181 18 15 14 27 13.7 9.7 7.2 12.4 Falkirk 233 268 192 232 - 5 - 4 - 18.7 - 17.2 Fife 567 526 531 469 6 6 10 15 10.6 11.4 18.8 32.0 Glasgow City 2 215 2 524 2 733 ** 58 59 89 ** 26.2 23.4 32.6 ** Highland 551 594 554 564 3 4 5 3 5.4 6.7 9.0 5.3 Inverclyde 678 192 158 220 2 5 6 9 2.9 26.0 38.0 40.9 Lanarkshire North 930 920 987 666 3 2 4 1 3.2 2.2 4.1 1.5 Lanarkshire South 667 643 792 696 2 4 6 5 3.0 6.2 7.6 7.2 Lothian East 171 159 420 488 - - - 1 ---2.0 Lothian West 471 422 307 336 1 1 5 - 2.1 2.4 16.3 - Midlothian 225 290 375 415 1 - - - 4.4 - - - Moray 252 282 186 80 2 2 - - 7.9 7.1 - - Perth & Kinross 401 386 252 256 10 5 2 2 24.9 13.0 7.9 7.8 Renfrewshire 450 517 447 402 3 1 7 5 6.7 1.9 15.7 12.4 Renfrewshire East 196 256 300 ** 1 4 3 ** 5.1 15.6 10.0 ** Stirling 225 262 274 305 1 2 1 7 4.4 7.6 3.6 23.0 Island Councils 3 255 298 294 ** - - - ** ---** Other 2 63 61 148 351 1 - 1 8 15.9 - 6.8 22.8

1 A baby may be admitted to and discharged from neonatal care more than once. Figures relate to the total number of discharges, not to the number of individual babies. 2 Area of residence “not known” or outwith Scotland. 3 Eileen Siar, Orkney and Shetland councils. 4 Drug misuse is defined using the following International Classification of Disease (10th Revision) codes: O35.5, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16, F18, and F19. 5 Numbers are lower than expected due to under recording, particularly in Greater Glasgow and Western Isles health board areas. r Revised. p Provisional. ** Data not available.

Source : Scottish Morbidity Record (SMR11)

100 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Information from general practice (CMR)

chapter 7 Information from general practice (CMR)

Introduction Continuous Morbidity Recording (CMR) is a set of data collected from every face-to-face doctor-patient contact in a set of practices across Scotland. All mainland health boards are represented in the 73 practices participating in CMR. The practices provide an adequate representation of the Scottish population in terms of age, gender, deprivation and urban/rural mix. The data set includes: Patient identifier (this is generated by the GPASS computer system and is practice specific) Date of birth Diagnosis (up to ten per contact) Sex Modifier (first, recurrence or persistent - for each diagnosis) Postcode Date of consultation

As patients often present with multiple problems, up to ten diagnoses can be recorded for each contact. Each diagnosis is given a modifier which describes whether it is either the first time the problem has presented, a recurrence of a previous problem or a persistent problem.

Contacts are recorded by every doctor (including locums) but not contacts seen by other practice staff, e.g. practice nurses; health visitors. All doctor contacts (including contacts with temporary residents) are captured, i.e. surgery consultations; clinics; home visits; out of hours (this includes practice patients seen by other doctors, e.g. co-operative doctors).

Each diagnosis is coded using the Read coding system. The data are then entered onto the practice GPASS computer system. Each month, the data are extracted and passed on to ISD where they are cleaned and analysed. There are a considerable number of Read codes available and, for most analyses, individual Read codes are too detailed. There is also considerable scope for variation in the use of codes between different practices. Because of this, analysts and medical staff within ISD have grouped the codes into clinically meaningful conditions to aid the analysis of CMR data.

Information is fed back to the participating practices in the form of individual monthly and quarterly reports. Data from practices funded by health boards are also forwarded to the relevant board: other CMR practices also share data with their board. An ad hoc analysis service is provided by ISD Scotland to the NHSiS in general, from an aggregated, anonymised, central file.

Analysis The analysis below utilises data from the 38 practices for which data were available for the calendar years 1998 and 1999. The data comprises consultations with only those individuals attending during these periods.

It is important to note that the figures do not reflect the prevalence of drug misuse in the community. It is known that people who misuse drugs are often not in contact with any service. This is likely to underestimate the true prevalence figure. The figures do, however, give an insight into some characteristics of those who misuse drugs and present to a General Practitioner (GP).

Of all the patients attending this sample of GPs, those with a diagnosis of drug misuse account for a very small figure of all patients attending their GP; in 1999 those patients with a diagnosis of drug misuse accounted for only 0.7 per cent of all patients attending (this figure is derived by aggregating totals in row (a) and row (d) in table 67). However, this will vary from not only area to area but also from one GP to another in the same area.

Table 67 shows that in 1999, a total of 1012 patients received a diagnosis of drug misuse, representing a 23 per cent increase on the 1998 figure. This contrasts with an overall decrease in the number of patients attending their GP in the same period without a diagnosis of drug misuse.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 101 Information from general practice (CMR)

Males accounted for 66 per cent of those individuals with a diagnosis of drug misuse, a similar percentage to that found by the Scottish Drug Misuse Database ( 67 per cent, Table 4, page 23 ). However, in those contacts involving patients without a diagnosis of drug misuse, the picture is very different; 55 per cent of all patients attending their GP were women. Male patients with drug misuse problems accounted for 1 per cent of all male GP patients and for females the figure was 0.4 per cent.

Table 67 also highlights the importance of age in defining patients with a drug misuse diagnosis. In 1999, over half (51 per cent) of male patients consulting with drug misuse problems were aged between 25-44, with over a third (38 per cent) aged between 15-24. Forty nine per cent of females were aged between 25-44 and 35 per cent aged between aged 15-24 years old.

The prevalence and contact rates, per 1 000 population, for those patients with and without a drug misuse diagnosis in 1998 and 1999, are presented in Table 68. These figures confirm that the prevalence rate for male and female patients with a diagnosis of drug misuse are highest amongst those aged 15-24 (21.6 and 10.9 per 1 000 population respectively) and those aged 25-44 (11.9 and 5.9 per 1 000 population respectively). Although the highest prevalence rate for non-drug misuse consultations amongst female patients is in the age band 15-24, prevalence rates for non drug misuse consultations amongst male patients are to be found in those aged 15 and under and those aged 65 and over.

Table 68 also highlights a trend over the last two years in the increasing number of contacts general practitioners have had with male and female patients, with a diagnosis of drug misuse, aged 15-24. In 1998, the contact rate for males in this age group was 91.2 per 1 000 practice population and in 1999 the figure had risen to 160.1 per 1000. The contact rate for non-drug misuse consultations amongst male patients of all age groups, actually decreased over the same period. For women aged 15-24, with a diagnosis of drug misuse, there was also an increase from 33.3 per 1 000 in 1998 to 62.7 in 1999. As with the men, there was a corresponding decrease in the contact rate for non- drug misuse consultations amongst female patients between 1998 and 1999.

Diagnoses associated with drug misuse Table 69 (illustrated in Chart 22) presents the most commonly reported conditions among those with a drug misuse diagnosis and compares rates, on the same conditions, for those patients without a drug misuse diagnosis. From Table 69, it can be seen that for male drug users, 16.9 per cent have received a diagnosis of depression and 14.4 per cent one of anxiety, compared to only 5 per cent of males without a drug misuse diagnosis. Drug misusing males were also more likely to have been diagnosed for alcohol problems (9.3 per cent) than males attending with no drug misuse diagnosis (1.6 per cent). Male patients with a drug misuse diagnosis are also more than three times more likely than other male patients to consult their GP for sleep disturbance.

For females with a diagnosis of drug misuse, depression and anxiety are the two conditions for which the majority of individuals present (37.4 per cent and 29.4 per cent respectively). These figures are approximately twice the proportion of drug misusing males presenting and over three times the rate for women presenting without a drug misuse diagnosis. Female drug misuse patients are also twice as likely to suffer from lower respiratory tract infection than male drug misuse patients as well as non-drug misuse female patients. Female drug misuse patients are also proportionately more likely to suffer from skin infections and back problems than both male drug misuse patients and female patients without a drug misuse problem.

Tracking patients with a first diagnosis of drug misuse Table 70 presents data about patient contacts made with the GP after a first diagnosis of drug misuse (with this first contact made between 1 January and 31 December 1998) and tracks their subsequent contacts with their GP during the following 12 months. This allows for some examination of the workload characteristics of GPs in dealing with those patients with a first diagnosis of drug misuse.

In total there were 373 patients with a first diagnosis in 1998; 65 per cent were male and 35 per cent were female. The largest proportions of male patients were aged between 25-44 years (48 per cent) and 15-24 years (43 per cent). The age profile for female patients is slightly different with the majority of female patients aged between

102 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Information from general practice (CMR)

15-44 years (79 per cent) compared to the male figure of 90 per cent. Approximately one in five (19 per cent) of female patients were aged 45 years and over compared to 9 per cent amongst males in the same age group.

As well as differences in the age profile, the nature and extent of a patients contact with their GP after the first diagnosis of drug misuse also differed by gender. Over the year, male patient consultations for their drug misuse accounted for 74 per cent of all contacts with the GP and for female patient consultations this figure was 48 per cent. Male patients had a mean 8.1 contacts with their GP concerning their drug misuse whilst female patients had a mean 6.2 contacts. Female patients, on the other hand, have a greater number of overall contacts with their GP through the year with a mean 13 contacts, compared to male patients who had a mean 10.9 contacts with their GP.

Female patients were also more likely then male patients to consult their GP over mental health matters: 18.8 and 14 per cent respectively of contacts concerned mental health issues. Consultations with the GP concerning mental health issues tend to increase, as the patient gets older and this is particularly pronounced among female patients. However, 8.8 per cent of male contacts and 15.2 per cent of female contacts on mental health issues came from those aged 25 years and under.

Male patients will therefore be the majority of a GPs workload when dealing with drug misuse patients. Male patients are also more likely to consult their GP more frequently on their drug misuse than female patients. The female drug misusing patient population tends to be slightly older than the male population and is more likely to consult their GP on drug and non-drug issues equally compared to male patients.

67 Number of patients diagnosed (total and first diagnosis only) and number of contacts : 1998 and 1999

Males Females Total Under 15-24 25-44 45-64 65 and Total Under 15-24 25-44 45-64 65 and 15 years years years over 15 years years years over years years

Patients with a 1998 538 4 198 284 42 10 283 3 104 124 39 13 diagnosis of drugs 1999 670 6 254 345 51 14 342 3 121 168 36 14 misuse 1 (a)

Patients with a first 1998 242 3 103 115 16 5 131 34459169 diagnosis of drugs 1999 209 4 94 85 18 8 112 14645119 misuse (b)

Patients attending 1998 65 174 14 359 7 574 18 131 15 927 9 183 82 807 14 253 10 586 25 318 18 985 13 665 in the period, 1999 65 149 13 732 7 666 18 031 16 335 9 385 81 173 13 313 10 443 24 488 19 198 13 731 excluding those with a diagnosis of drugs misuse (d)

Contacts in the 1998 224 514 44 241 19 035 52 901 62 173 46 164 359 493 43 573 40 322 111 317 91 315 72 966 period, excluding 1999 223 628 40 414 19 218 52 277 63 552 48 167 351 194 38 948 39 583 106 696 90 912 75 055 drug misuse contacts (e)

Percentage of drug 1998 0.8 - 2.5 1.5 0.3 0.1 0.3 - 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 misuse patients 2 1999 1.0 - 3.2 1.9 0.3 0.1 0.4 - 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.1

Percentage of drug 1998 1.3 - 5.3 3.1 0.1 - 0.3 - 0.9 0.7 0.1 - misuse contacts 3 1999 1.8 - 8.9 3.9 0.2 0.1 0.5 - 1.7 0.8 0.1 -

1 Number of patients with at least one diagnosis of drug misuse during the period 2 This row is calculated using the formula: 100 x (a) / [(a)+(d)] 3 This row is calculated using the formula: 100 x (c) / [(c)+(e)]

Note: Population source - ISD Scotland, General Medical Practitioner database (as at 1 October 1999).

Source : ISD Scotland, Continuous Morbidity Recording (CMR)

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 103 Information from general practice (CMR)

68 Prevalence 1 and contact rates : 1998 and 1999

Males Females Total Under 15-24 25-44 45-64 65 and Total Under 15-24 25-44 45-64 65 and 15 years years years over 15 years years years over years years

Number Number

Population 1 1998 92 706 17 969 11 787 29 374 22 779 10 797 94 717 17 226 11 253 28 613 22 161 15 464 1999 92 724 17 667 11 737 29 016 23 335 10 969 94 211 16 803 11 109 28 271 22 562 15 466

Prevalence rate per 1000 population Prevalence rate per 1000 population Drug misuse 2 1998 5.8 0.2 16.8 9.7 1.8 0.9 3.0 0.2 9.2 4.3 1.8 0.8 1999 7.2 0.3 21.6 11.9 2.2 1.3 3.6 0.2 10.9 5.9 1.6 0.9

Non-Drug misuse 3 1998 703.0 799.1 642.6 617.2 699.2 850.5 874.3 827.4 940.7 884.8 856.7 883.7 1999 702.6 777.3 653.1 621.4 700.0 855.6 861.6 792.3 940.0 866.2 850.9 887.8 Contact rate per 1000 population Contact rate per 1000 population Drug misuse 2 1998 31.1 0.3 91.2 58.4 2.9 1.7 13.1 0.2 33.3 26.4 4.2 1.1 1999 44.9 0.5 160.1 73.0 5.6 2.6 17.1 0.2 62.7 28.8 3.8 0.9

Non-Drug misuse 3 1998 2 421.8 2 462.1 1 614.9 1 800.9 2 729.4 4 275.6 3 795.4 2 529.5 3 583.2 3 890.4 4 120.5 4 718.4 1999 2 411.8 2 287.5 1 637.4 1 801.7 2 723.5 4 391.2 3 727.7 2 317.9 3 563.1 3 774.0 4 029.4 4 852.9

1 Prevalence rates based on practice population (not on general population). 2 Rates are calculated using number of patients with at least one diagnosis of drug misuse during the period 1998. 3 Excludes drug misuse patients.

Note: Population source - ISD Scotland, General Medical Practitioner database (as at 1 October 1999).

Source : ISD Scotland, Continuous Morbidity Recording (CMR)

69 Proportion of patients seen with specified condition/illness1 : 1999 patients aged 15-44

Drug misuse patients Non-drug misuse patients

Number Percentage Number Percentage

Males (n=599) (n=25 697)

Depression 101 16.9 1 401 5.5 Anxiety 86 14.4 1 421 5.5 Alcohol problems 56 9.3 424 1.6 Back problems 53 8.8 2 561 10.0 Trauma (miscellaneous) 47 7.8 1 869 7.3 Upper respiratory tract infection (excl. sore throat) 45 7.5 2 790 10.9 Miscellaneous 31 5.2 818 3.2 Skin infections 29 4.8 1 308 5.1 Lower respiratory tract infection 26 4.3 1 254 4.9 Sleep disturbance 22 3.7 181 0.7

Females (n=289) (n=34 931)

Depression 108 37.4 3 766 10.8 Anxiety 85 29.4 3 101 8.9 Back problems 36 12.5 3 028 8.7 Upper respiratory tract infection (excl. sore throat) 31 10.7 4 752 13.6 Family planning (miscellaneous) 28 9.7 3 642 10.4 Urinary tract infection 27 9.3 2 451 7.0 Lower respiratory tract infection 27 9.3 1 774 5.1 Abdominal pain 25 8.7 2 268 6.5 Miscellaneous 24 8.3 1 539 4.4 Skin infections 23 8.0 1 587 4.5

1 Ten most commonly seen conditions among drug misuse patients.

Source : ISD Scotland, Continuous Morbidity Recording (CMR)

104 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Information from general practice (CMR)

Proportion of patients (with and without a diagnosis of drug misuse) seen chart 22 with specified condition/illness1 : 1999 patients aged 15-44 Males

Depression

Anxiety

Alcohol problems

Back problems

Trauma (miscellaneous)

Upper respiratory tract infection 2 Drug misuse patients Miscellaneous Non-drug misuse patients Skin infections

Lower respiratory tract infection

Sleep disturbance

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Percentage 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Females

Depression

Anxiety

Back problems

Upper respiratory tract infection 2 Drug misuse patients Family planning (miscellaneous)

Non-drug misuse Urinary tract infection patients

Lower respiratory tract infection

Abdominal pain

Miscellaneous

Skin infections

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

0 5 10Percentage 15 20 25 30 35 40

1 The ten most commonly seen conditions among drug misuse patients. 2 Excludes sore throat.

Source : ISD Scotland, Continuous Morbidity Recording (CMR)

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 105 Information from general practice (CMR)

70 Tracking patients with a first diagnosis of drug misuse for 12 months : 1998 and 1999

Males Females Total Under 15-24 25-44 45-64 65 and Total Under 15-24 25-44 45-64 65 and 15 years years years over 15 years years years over years years

Patients seen with a 242 3 103 115 16 5 131 3 44 59 16 9 first diagnosis of drugs misuse: 1/1/98 - 31/ 12/98 (a)

Total contacts within 2 642 5 941 1 554 94 48 1 703 7 421 790 339 146 12 months of first diagnosis of drug misuse 1 (b)

Drugs misuse 1 961 5 713 1 209 29 5 817 4 259 496 48 10 contacts within 12 months 1 (c)

Mental health contacts 369 - 83 270 16 - 321 - 64 150 71 36 within 12 months 1 (d)

Ave. no. of contacts 10.9 1.7 9.1 13.5 5.9 9.6 13.0 2.3 9.6 13.4 21.2 16.2 per patient 2

Ave. no. of drugs 8.1 1.7 6.9 10.5 1.8 1.0 6.2 1.3 5.9 8.4 3.0 1.1 misuse contacts per patient 3

Ave. no. of mental 1.5 - 0.8 2.3 1.0 - 2.5 - 1.5 2.5 4.4 4.0 health contacts per patient 4

Drug misuse contacts 74.2 100.0 75.8 77.8 30.9 10.4 48.0 57.1 61.5 62.8 14.2 6.8 as a % of all contacts 5

Mental health contacts 14.0 - 8.8 17.4 17.0 - 18.8 - 15.2 19.0 20.9 24.7 as a % of all contacts 6

1 Includes contact at which drugs misuse is first diagnosed. 2 This row is calculated using the formula: (b) / (a). 3 This row is calculated using the formula: (c) / (a). 4 This row is calculated using the formula: (d) / (a). 5 This row is calculated using the formula: 100 x (c) / (b). 6 This row is calculated using the formula: 100 x (d) / (b).

Source : ISD Scotland, Continuous Morbidity Recording (CMR)

In summary

· The proportion of male and females in the drug misuse group is similar to that found in other treatment populations, despite the fact that many non-drug misusing females are, in general, more common attenders at general practice.

· Patients with a drug misuse diagnosis are more likely to be aged between 15-44 than those without such a diagnosis.

· Depression, anxiety, alcohol and back problems are common reasons for consultation among male patients with a diagnosis of drug misuse. For non-drug misusing male patients respiratory infections, back problems and trauma are the most common reasons for consultation.

· In general, women attend more commonly at their GP, and tend to consult more frequently for specific conditions, particularly anxiety and depression. Previous studies have shown that this is true for both those with a diagnosis of drug misuse and those without.

106 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

chapter 8 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection HIV In 1999, the number of reported HIV-infected injectors (twenty-one) was the lowest annual number on record (Table 73); the corresponding figures for 1998 and 1997 were 25 and 42 respectively. Of the 21, six were from Greater Glasgow, five from Lothian and two from Lanarkshire. The prevalence of HIV among injectors having a named HIV test in Scotland has also decreased to its lowest level. In 1999, 20 of 2 434 injectors tested (0.8 per cent) were antibody positive; this compares with prevalences of between 2 per cent and 3.7 per cent during 1989 and 1993 (data not shown), a constant prevalence of around 1.5 per cent during 1994-1997 and a prevalence of 0.9 per cent in 1998.

It would appear that the incidence of HIV among injectors in Scotland is lower now than it has been since infection was first introduced into the countrys injecting populations in 1983. Interventions such as needle/ syringe exchange and methadone maintenance programmes have been effective in making HIV transmission among injectors in Scotland a relatively rare occurrence. Indeed, apart from the outbreak of HIV among injector- inmates at HMP Glenochil in 1993, transmission among injectors in the 1990s has been sporadic not only in Scotland but elsewhere in the UK. There are signs, however, that the potential for a resurgence of HIV among injectors in Scotland is increasing (see sections on Hepatitis B and C below).

To the end of 1999, 1224 HIV infected injecting drug users had been reported by HIV testing laboratories to SCIEH (Table 75); 554 (45 per cent) were known to have died. Between January 1998 and December 1999, 484 HIV infected injectors were in specialised clinical care, as indicated by the fact that they underwent CD4 count testing to assess their immunological status and thus the stage of HIV disease they had reached (Table 77). The majority of cases (276) resided in Lothian. Of the 484, 173 (36 per cent) had a most recent CD4 count of between zero and 200 cells per mm3 (severe disease), 196 had a count of between 201 and 500 cells (moderate to mild disease), and 112 had a normal count which exceeded 500 cells per mm3.

Between one-third and one-half of HIV infected injectors who had their very first ever CD4 count during 1996 1999, had severe HIV disease as indicated by a count of less than 200 cells per mm3 (Table 79). Since the first CD4 count is usually performed within weeks of the individual becoming diagnosed, it would appear that a large proportion of infected injectors are discovering they are HIV positive at a late stage of their HIV disease progression.

Of the 484 HIV infected injectors who underwent immunological monitoring during January 1998 December 1999, 233 (48 per cent) were prescribed two or more antiretroviral drugs during this period (Table 78). While we do not know how well these individuals were adhering to their therapeutic regimens, it is clear that most injectors who are eligible for therapy are actually receiving it. The impact of combination antiretroviral therapy (introduced in Scotland during 1996) on HIV disease progression is demonstrated by the recent reduction in AIDS cases and AIDS deaths among injecting drug users. During 1993 1995, the average annual number of AIDS registrations was 53 (Table 72); in 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999, the number of registrations were 30, 36, 18 and 14 respectively. Likewise, only 13 AIDS deaths among injectors were recorded in 1999, compared to 20 in 1997, 42 in 1996 and 52 in 1995.

Hepatitis B In 1999, 386 cases of Hepatitis B infection, the highest annual total since 1986, were reported by laboratories to SCIEH (Table 71); in 1997 and 1998, 215 and 295 cases respectively were reported. 115 of the 386 reports mentioned injecting drug use as the patients principal risk factor but it is likely that the majority of cases acquired their infection through injecting practices. 65 of the 115 injecting-related cases were from Grampian. Further measures have been taken to reduce needle/syringe sharing among this citys injectors but it is concerning that Hepatitis B is so incident in an area which has one of the most comprehensive needle/syringe exchange schemes in Scotland. In 1999, the incidence of Hepatitis B infection associated with injecting drug use, also increased in Tayside and Greater Glasgow; health boards with large injecting populations. In Argyll

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 107 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

& Clyde, a decrease in the number of injecting-related reports from 17 in 1998 to 11 in 1999 was seen; this observation reflects the impact of interventions which were introduced to control the epidemic of Hepatitis B among injectors from Port Glasgow.

Following the identification of several cases of Hepatitis B infection in Scotlands prisons, the Scottish Prison Service introduced routine Hepatitis B vaccination within the prison setting, an initiative which became fully established in 1999. It is hoped that this measure and increased efforts to vaccinate injectors in the community will help to control the spread of Hepatitis B infection which has risen to levels approaching those seen in the mid-1980s. The Hepatitis B virus, however, is less virulent than HIV and Hepatitis C. Accordingly, it is important that we do not lose sight of the root problem namely, injectors sharing injecting equipment. It is worrying that levels of needle/syringe sharing among injectors - as indicated by data held on Scotlands Drug Misuse Database have increased during the mid-late 1990s; in 1999/00, 34 per cent of injectors registered with the above database, had shared a needle/syringe in the previous month. Despite more sterile needles and syringes being distributed to injectors than ever before, the frequency of sharing is high and increasing. It is essential that the reasons why injectors continue to place themselves at risk of acquiring bloodborne infections are elucidated and interventions to reduce levels of sharing are implemented.

Hepatitis C To December 1998, 8 075 persons in Scotland had been diagnosed as having had Hepatitis C infection (Table 81); information on laboratory request forms indicated that 4 307 (53 per cent) were injecting drug users but it is likely that the majority of the 3 080 (38 per cent), for whom no risk information was available, also acquired their HCV through injecting practices. A total of 2 130 persons received their diagnosis in 1998; this compares with 1 499 in 1997 and 521 in 1993. Thirty-seven per cent of the 8 075 cases resided in Greater Glasgow, 19 per cent in Lothian, 9 per cent in Tayside and 11 per cent in Grampian.

Statistical models to estimate the total number of HCV infected persons in Scotland are being developed but preliminary work suggests that the overall figure is likely to be between 20 000 and 40 000. Since very large numbers were infected prior to 1990 and since the rate of progression to cirrhosis of the liver within 20 years of infection is estimated to be 20 per cent, several thousand individuals may present with symptoms of chronic liver disease to health services during the next 10 15 years.

Ribavirin and Interferon therapy, combined, leads to sustained clearance of HCV infection from the circulation in about 40 per cent of treated cases; infected injectors who continue to inject, however, are ineligible for treatment. While drug treatment will be used increasingly in the management of HCV infected persons, it is essential the prevention remains the principal goal. There is evidence to indicate that the incidence of HCV among injectors has declined during the era of needle/syringe exchange, methadone maintenance therapy and other harm reduction initiatives. Nevertheless, in many parts of Scotland, infections are still occurring; in Glasgow, for example, surveys indicated that the annual incidence of HCV among the citys injectors during the late 1990s was 20-30 per cent. The prevention of this infection among injectors particularly in the absence of an HCV vaccine is one of Scotlands greatest public health challenges. In recognition of this, the Scottish Executive commissioned a Scottish Needs Assessment Programme group on Hepatitis C infection and its report has just been published.

In Scotland: · A total of 8 075 cases of Hepatitis C antibody positivity were known as of 31 December 1998; included are 55 persons under the age of 15 (Table 82) · Eighty-six per cent (6 918) of the 8 075 were aged between 15 and 44 and 11 per cent (904) were aged 45 and over (Table 82) · Of the 8 075 cases, 45 per cent (3 629) were diagnosed during 1997 and 1998 (Table 81) · Fifty-three per cent (4 307) of all cases were known to have ever injected drugs and of the 3 080 cases for whom there was no risk information available, 75 per cent (2 315) were aged between 15 and 44 - the range within which most injecting drug users belonged - at the time of testing (Table 82) · Thirty-seven per cent (2 986) of cases resided in Greater Glasgow, 19 per cent (1 518) in Lothian, and 9 per cent in Tayside (697) (Table 81).

108 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

71 Hepatitis B infected injecting drug users : 1990 - 1999 health board 1

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Hepatitis B (Drug misuse cases)

Argyll & Clyde ------4 15 17 11 Ayrshire & Arran 1 - 1 - 1 - - - 1 - Dumfries & Galloway -- 1------2 Forth Valley ------Grampian 1----- 5 1 25 65 Greater Glasgow 44 41 17 14 11 12 7 7 13 20 Highland 1 - - - 1 - - - - 1 Lanarkshire 1 - 1 ------2 Lothian 1 5 1 3 1 2 1 - - 1 Tayside 2 2 - - 3 - - - - 13 Not known 1 2 - - - - 3 1 2 -

Scotland 52 50 21 17 17 14 20 24 58 115

Hepatitis B (All cases)

Scotland 249 200 120 186 166 153 191 215 295 386

1 ‘Health board’ refers to the person’s health board of residence, or where this is not known the health board of source of specimen.

Source : The Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH).

72 AIDS cases and deaths registered, and HIV-infection reports among injecting drug users 1 as at 31 December of year indicated

AIDS cases registered AIDS deaths HIV-infected reports

Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total IV drug user 1987 1 2 3 1 1 2 119 57 176 1988 5 1 6 1 - 1 47 24 71 1989 18 6 24 4 4 8 37 14 51 1990 22 3 25 8 5 13 31 7 38 1991 23 12 35 29 9 38 37 14 51 1992 16 8 24 23 1 24 27 11 38 1993 37 17 54 21 11 32 48 10 58 1994 43 13 56 32 17 49 19 8 27 1995 33 17 50 39 13 52 23 6 29 1996 21 9 30 30 12 42 29 5 34 1997 26 10 36 16 4 20 30 12 42 1998 16 2 18 10 1 11 20 5 25 1999 9 5 14 11 2 13 15 6 21 1999 (cumulative total) 270 106 376 225 80 305 860 364 1 224

All Transmission Categories (cumulative total) 1999 802 201 1 003 614 131 745 2 309 718 3 027

1 Figures are different to those presented in the past. Deaths relate to the number of deaths occurring during the given year - irrespective of when the case was registered. Figures include several males who have had sexual intercourse with other males.

Source : The Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH). (Data are from SCIEH's AIDS and HIV-positive registers).

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 109 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

73 HIV-infected injecting drug users : 1985, 1990 - 1999 1 health board 2, and year of report ; as at 31 December 1999

1985 1986 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Scotland 164 242 38 51 38 58 27 29 34 42 25 21

Argyll & Clyde 1 3 - 1 1 1 2 1 - 1 - 1 Ayrshire & Arran 2 1------1- Borders ------1 1- Dumfries & Galloway 2 1--- 1------Fife 2 10- 2 1 - - 3 1 1 1 1 Forth Valley 3 5 - 2 - 5 - - 2 1 - 1 Grampian 2 4 - 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 - 1 Greater Glasgow 9 30 8 7 6 15 4 9 8 8 7 6 Highland - - - 1 1 1 - - 1 3 - - Lanarkshire 1 - 1 - - 3 - 1 - - 1 2 Lothian 108 109 20 14 15 16 10 10 13 12 11 5 Tayside 34 79 9 22 13 15 9 4 8 11 3 4

1 Figures are different to those presented in the past. 2 ‘Health board’ refers to the person’s health board of residence, or where this is not known the health board of source of specimen.

Source : The Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH). (Data are from SCIEH's AIDS and HIV-positive registers).

74 HIV-infected injecting drug users : 1985, 1990 - 1999 1 age at time of earliest positive specimen, and year of report ; as at 31 December 1999

1985 1986 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Total 164 242 38 51 38 58 27 29 34 42 25 21

15-19 27 45 4 1 1 1 - - - 3 - - 20-24 63 98 15 12 12 16 2 3 2 6 3 4 25-29 43 50 8 20 11 18 8 8 9 4 6 5 30-34 18 31 6 11 8 16 6 11 13 18 5 6 35-39 9 11 4 6 3 3 6 6 7 6 8 2 40-44 - 1 1 - 3 3 4 1 - 3 3 3 45 and over - - - 1 - 1 1 - 3 2 - 1 Not Known 4 6------

1 Figures are different to those presented in the past.

Source : The Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH). (Data are from SCIEH's AIDS and HIV-positive registers).

110 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

75 HIV-infected injecting drug users 1 health board 2, gender and vital status ; as at 31 December 1999

Male Female Total

Alive Dead Alive Dead Alive Dead

Total 455 405 215 149 670 554

Argyll & Clyde 4 4 5 2 9 6 Ayrshire & Arran 2 1 2 - 4 1 Borders 1 1 - - 1 1 Dumfries & Galloway 3 1 2 - 5 1 Fife 14 4 10 3 24 7 Forth Valley 11 5 6 1 17 6 Grampian 13 8 3 2 16 10 Greater Glasgow 76 34 34 21 110 55 Highland 2 2 3 - 5 2 Lanarkshire 8 4 2 1 10 5 Lothian 231 226 117 72 348 298 Tayside 90 115 31 47 121 162

1 Figures are different to those presented in the past. 2 ‘Health board’ refers to the person’s health board of residence, or where this is not known the health board of source of specimen.

Source : The Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH). (Data are from SCIEH's AIDS and HIV-positive registers).

76 HIV-infected persons undergoing immunological monitoring in Scotland - CD4 monitoring : 1992 - 1999 1 number of individuals monitored, health board of laboratory 2, and year of test ; as at 31 December 1999

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Scotland 959 1 027 1 010 974 941 1 055 1 129 1 205

Ayrshire & Arran 1 2 2 11 13 15 15 16 Grampian 18 31 42 41 46 55 60 60 Greater Glasgow 222 249 252 249 238 264 301 332 Highland - - 1 1 3 5 8 10 Lanarkshire - - 7 11 8 10 21 21 Lothian 564 578 557 540 521 578 592 626 Tayside 154 167 149 121 112 128 132 140

Source : The Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH). (Data are from SCIEH's AIDS and HIV-positive registers).

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 111 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

77 HIV-infected persons undergoing immunological monitoring ; most recent CD4 count 1 health board of laboratory 2, risk group (persons monitored during 1998 and 1999 ; as at 31 December 1999)

Most recent CD4 count

Risk Category 0 - 200 201 - 500 500+ Total

Scotland Injecting Drug User 173 196 112 484 Total 378 623 336 1 341

Ayrshire & Arran Injecting Drug User - 1 - 1 Total 8 6 2 16

Grampian Injecting Drug User 4 4 6 14 Total 18 30 23 71

Greater Glasgow Injecting Drug User 31 30 25 86 Total 90 151 121 362

Highland Injecting Drug User 1 1 - 2 Total 5 6 - 11

Lanarkshire Injecting Drug User 1 2 3 6 Total 8 10 7 25

Lothian Injecting Drug User 111 118 47 276 Total 210 350 125 685

Tayside Injecting Drug User 25 40 31 99 Total 39 70 58 171

1 The data in the CD4 database is under constant review, which may result in some differences between this and previously published tables. 2 The only laboratories which analyse such data are based in the above named health board areas. Source : The Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH). (Data are from SCIEH's AIDS and HIV-positive registers).

112 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

78 HIV-infected persons undergoing immunological monitoring ; by highest level of anti-retroviral therapy 1 health board of laboratory 2, risk group (persons monitored during 1998 and 1999 ; as at 31 December 1999)

Highest level of therapy during 1998/1999 (number of anti-retroviral drugs)

Risk Category Not None Mono Dual Triple Four Total known or more

Scotland Injecting drug user 30 218 3 43 167 23 484 Total 110 464 4 100 567 96 1 341

Ayrshire & Arran Injecting drug user ---- 1- 1 Total 1 6 - - 7 2 16

Grampian Injecting drug user 1 3 - 3 4 3 14 Total 11 15 - 7 32 6 71

Greater Glasgow Injecting drug user 7 37 - 11 27 4 86 Total 39 118 - 25 147 33 362

Highland Injecting drug user - - - 1 1 - 2 Total - 3 - 3 4 1 11

Lanarkshire Injecting drug user - 2 - - 3 1 6 Total 1 8 - - 14 2 25

Lothian Injecting drug user 19 119 3 26 95 14 276 Total 51 239 3 60 282 50 685

Tayside Injecting drug user 3 57 - 2 36 1 99 Total 7 75 1 5 81 2 171

Source : The Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH). (Data are from SCIEH's AIDS and HIV-positive registers).

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 113 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

79 HIV-infected injecting drug users undergoing immunological monitoring for the 1st time ; by first CD4 count 1 : 1996 - 1999 health board of laboratory 2, year of entry

Year of 1st First CD4 count CD4 count 0 - 200 201 - 500 500+ Total

Scotland 1996 18 9 8 35 1997 15 13 10 38 1998 10 9 7 26 1999 12 8 7 27

Ayrshire & Arran 1996 - - - - 1997 1 - - 1 1998 - - - - 1999 - - - -

Grampian 1996 2 - - 2 1997 - - 1 1 1998 - - - - 1999 - - - -

Greater Glasgow 1996 4 1 2 7 1997 2 10 3 15 1998 5 2 1 8 1999 5 3 - 8

Lanarkshire 1996 - - - - 1997 - - - - 1998 1 - 1 2 1999 - - - -

Lothian 1996 9 5 3 17 1997 7 3 3 13 1998 1 4 1 6 1999 4 2 3 9

Tayside 1996 3 3 3 9 1997 5 - 3 8 1998 3 3 3 9 1999 3 3 4 10

Source : The Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH). (Data are from SCIEH's AIDS and HIV-positive registers).

114 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

80 HIV prevalence among injecting drug users having a named HIV test : 1996 - 1999 health board 1 and year of test 2

1996 1997 1998 1999

Tests New positives Tests New positives Tests New positives Tests New positives

No. % No. % No. % No. %

Scotland 1 472 22 1.49 1 496 24 1.60 2 019 19 0.94 2 434 20 0.82

Argyll & Clyde 41 - - 29 - - 105 - - 94 - - Ayrshire & Arran 28 - - 28 - - 43 - 58 - - Borders ------3-- 11 - - Dumfries & Galloway 18 - - 19 - - 35 - - 41 - - Fife --- 1-- 19 - - 43 - - Forth Valley 105 1 0.95 89 1 1.12 100 2 2.00 121 1 0.83 Grampian 229 - - 215 1 - 343 - - 433 1 - Greater Glasgow 465 6 1.29 489 8 1.64 731 5 0.68 867 9 1.04 Highland 27 1 3.70 56 2 3.57 52 - - 64 - - Lanarkshire 50 - - 52 - - 87 1 1.15 112 2 1.79 Lothian 330 8 2.42 329 2 0.61 336 6 1.79 402 4 1.00 Shetland 1-- 11 - - 1-- 9-- Tayside 177 6 3.39 175 10 5.71 11 - - 179 3 1.68 Western Isles 1-- 3-- 152 5 3.29 --- Not Known ------1-- ---

1 ‘Health board’ refers to the person’s health board of residence, or where this is not known the health board of source of specimen. 2 For each individual tested, only the first test within a calandar year is included.

Source : The Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH). (Data are from SCIEH's AIDS and HIV-positive registers).

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 115 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

81 Hepatitis C infected persons by probable/possible route of transmission : 1991 - 1998 health board 1 and year of specimen

Prior to 1991 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Total

Scotland Total 64 278 383 521 827 1 132 1 241 1 499 2 130 8 075 Injecting drug user 15 62 140 324 441 617 727 832 1 149 4 307 Other 2 26 131 111 61 56 95 72 73 63 688 Not known 23 85 132 136 330 420 442 594 918 3 080

Argyll & Clyde Total 3 35 44 15 29 52 48 86 132 444 Injecting drug user - 4 7 5 5 23 25 39 91 199 Other 2 1 20 21 3 3 7 2 6 1 64 Not known 2 11 16 7 21 22 21 41 40 181

Ayrshire & Arran Total 3 6 10 8 27 32 35 55 86 262 Injecting drug user 1 1 5 3 6 8 7 16 37 84 Other 2 2 4 3 3 6 2 6 3 1 30 Not known - 1 2 2 15 22 22 36 48 148

Borders Total - 2 8 5 7 13 5 6 8 54 Injecting drug user - - - 2 5 7 3 4 3 24 Other 2 - 2 1 1 - 1 - - - 5 Not known - - 7 2 2 5 2 2 5 25

Dumfries & Galloway Total - 2 1 5 18 23 13 22 28 112 Injecting drug user - - - 2 9 7 6 12 14 50 Other 2 - 2 1 2 1 1 - 1 4 12 Not known - - - 1 8 15 7 9 10 50

Fife Total 1 6 6 11 13 22 48 35 53 195 Injecting drug user - - 2 2 9 16 32 24 36 121 Other 2 - 5 3 1 1 1 2 3 2 18 Not known 1 1 1 8 3 5 14 8 15 56

Forth Valley Total 1 15 10 21 31 41 50 71 96 336 Injecting drug user - 3 3 10 14 16 20 25 38 129 Other 2 - 9 1 1 2 4 - 3 3 23 Not known 1 3 6 10 15 21 30 43 55 184

Grampian Total 3 6 20 23 56 147 183 168 246 852 Injecting drug user - 1 9 9 35 100 135 121 181 591 Other 2 2 5 5 6 7 16 7 7 7 62 Not known 1 - 6 8 14 31 41 40 58 199

Greater Glasgow Total 6 71 111 160 273 385 407 629 944 2 986 Injecting drug user 4 22 38 91 98 174 219 323 484 1 453 Other 2 2 31 32 18 12 17 12 21 15 160 Not known - 18 41 51 163 194 176 285 445 1 373

Highland Total - - 9 1 7 30 22 49 38 156 Injecting drug user - - - - 1 3 8 21 9 42 Other 2 - - 6 - - 8 2 4 1 21 Not known - - 3 1 6 19 12 24 28 93

1 ‘Health board’ refers to the person’s health board of residence, or where this is not known the health board of source of specimen. 2 ‘Other’ includes sexual contact, tattoo/body piercing, needlestick, bite, perinatal transmission, and blood factor/blood transfusion risk. Any persons who acquired their infection through blood transfusion will have done so prior to the introduction of Hepatitis C antibody testing of blood donors in 1991. / continued

116 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

81 Hepatitis C infected persons by probable/possible route of continued transmission : 1991 - 1998 health board 1 and year of specimen

Prior to 1991 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Total

Lanarkshire Total 3 12 19 15 36 51 76 78 148 438 Injecting drug user 1 - 3 6 9 24 36 39 71 189 Other 2 - 6 11 5 1 5 7 1 1 37 Not known 2 6 5 4 26 22 33 38 76 212

Lothian Total 28 115 121 196 235 196 248 188 191 1 518 Injecting drug user 9 30 61 147 186 143 160 123 108 967 Other 2 5 42 21 17 16 17 21 19 15 173 Not known 14 43 39 32 33 36 67 46 68 378

Orkney Total - - - 1 - 1 2 1 3 8 Injecting drug user ------1 2 3 Other 2 ------2-- 2 Not known - - - 1 - 1 - - 1 3

Shetland Total - 1 2 - 1 3 2 2 3 14 Injecting drug user - - - - - 2 - 1 3 6 Other 2 - 1 1 - - 1 - 1 - 4 Not known - - 1 - 1 - 2 - - 4

Tayside Total 16 7 20 60 94 136 102 108 154 697 Injecting drug user - 1 12 47 64 94 76 82 72 448 Other 2 14 4 4 4 7 15 11 4 13 76 Not known 2 2 4 9 23 27 15 22 69 173

Western Isles Total - - 2 - - - - 1 - 3 Injecting drug user ------1- 1 Other 2 -- 1------1 Not known -- 1------1

Source : The Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH): Hepatitis C Register.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 117 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

82 Hepatitis C infected persons age group at time of earliest positive specimen and probable/possible route of transmission (to 31 December 1998)

Injecting Other 1 Not Total drug user known

Total 4 307 688 3 080 8 075

Under 15 - 42 13 55 15 - 19 170 31 58 259 20 - 24 809 61 310 1 180 25 - 29 1 335 105 599 2 039 30 - 34 1 025 115 599 1 739 35 - 39 522 89 429 1 040 40 - 44 261 80 320 661 45 and over 105 151 648 904 Not known 80 14 104 198

1 ‘Other’ includes sexual contact, tattoo/body piercing, needlestick, bite, perinatal transmission, and blood factor/blood transfusion risk. Any persons who acquired their infection through blood transfusion will have done so prior to the introduction of Hepatitis C antibody testing of blood donors in 1991. Source : The Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH): Hepatitis C Register.

118 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Prescription statistics

chapter 9 Prescription statistics

Background Methadone mixture 1mg/ml is prescribed mainly as an adjunct in the treatment of opiate dependence. Methadone may also be prescribed as a linctus to control distressful cough in terminal illness, and as tablets and injections to control severe pain in terminal illness.

Temazepam and diazepam are prescribed to sedate, induce sleep, and relieve severe anxiety. Dihydrocodeine is used in the relief of moderate to severe pain. Buprenorphine is used for the relief of moderate to severe pain. It has recently been licensed as a substitute in the treatment of opiate dependence.

Defined Daily Doses (DDDs) cited in the following data are considered to be a more accurate index of prescribing volume than volume prescribed alone. A DDD is defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as the typical adult daily maintenance dose of a drug 1.

Although DDDs are considered to be superior to items as a unit of comparative analysis, difficulties may arise when they are used in estimating disease prevalence, because they correspond to a drugs principal indication2.

Defined Daily Doses used in the production of the following data are based on the WHO Definitions:

Methadone mixture 25mg; Dihydrocodeine 120mg; Buprenorphine 1.2mg; Diazepam 10mg; Temazepam 20mg.

Outline of tables Table 83 presents data on the number of prescriptions for the named drugs that have been dispensed by each health board per 1 000 population; and in terms of Defined Daily Doses (DDDs) per 1 000 population.

Table 84 presents data (per 1 000 population), for the years 1992/93 to 1999/00, on prescriptions dispensed and defined daily doses of the drugs dispensed.

Table 85 presents data on the number and rate per 1 000 population of prescriptions for methadone mixture dispensed in each health board for the years 1996/97 - 1999/00. The rate of prescribing methadone mixture has increased steadily over the last four years. In 1999/00, there were 47 prescriptions of methadone mixture per 1 000 population; this compares to 30 prescriptions per 1 000 population in 1996/97.

Tables 86 and 87 present data on the number of prescriptions where the prescriber requested that the prescription be dispensed in instalments; and prescriptions where the prescriber requested that the total volume be dispensed in a single instalment. The final columns in Table 86 give the percentage of the total number of methadone prescriptions that were dispensed in instalments, for 1999/00 together with a comparsison to 1998/99. In Table 87 the final columns give the percentage of the total number of methadone prescriptions that were dispensed on one occasion only, for 1999/00 together with a comparsison to 1998/99. Eighty-seven per cent of the total number of methadone prescriptions dispensed in 1999/00 were dispensed in instalments (e.g. in daily doses). Comparing 1999/00 with 1998/99 data, it can be seen that just over half the health boards showed an increase in percentage of instalment prescriptions compared to single dispensings. Dumfries & Galloway, Highland, Lanarkshire and Shetland health boards showed a marked shift towards instalment dispensing.

Instalment dispensings occur where the prescription item is dispensed in more than one instalment (e.g. in daily doses). Single dispensing occurs where the whole of an item is dispensed on one occasion (e.g. multiple doses). Where items are dispensed in instalments the number of dispensings exceeds the number of items, but where items are dispensed singly, the number of dispensings will equal the number of items. For most instalment

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 119 Prescription statistics

prescriptions the quantity per dispensing is equivalent to the daily dose of methadone requested. However, it needs to be recognised that there will be a discrepancy between the actual daily dose and the amounts dispensed by instalment. This is because the two doses for Saturday and Sunday are recorded as one dispensing. Public Holidays also affect the relationship between dose and volume dispensed on an instalment prescription.

Figures for Orkney and Western Isles health boards should be compared with caution, due to the very small numbers involved.

References

1 World Health Organisation (WHO) (1991). Guidelines for defined daily doses. WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Oslo. 2Frischer M, Chapman S (1998) Issues and directions in prescribing analysis. In: Medicines Management. Eds. Panton R, Chapman S. 82-84 BMJ and Ph.Press. London.

83 Prescriptions & defined daily doses per 1 000 population : 1999/00 health board, drug type

Methadone Dihydrocodeine Buprenorphine Diazepam Temazepam mixture

Prescription per 1 000 population

Scotland 47 84 1 133 101

Argyll & Clyde 50 75 2 141 102 Ayrshire & Arran 68 103 1 119 103 Borders 4 69 - 104 113 Dumfries & Galloway 43 86 2 143 115 Fife 28 68 3 111 88 Forth Valley 9 85 1 106 101 Grampian 43 79 2 106 90 Greater Glasgow 96 97 1 170 104 Highland 11 78 2 129 90 Lanarkshire 44 66 2 145 102 Lothian 29 86 1 113 95 Orkney 1 56 3 92 65 Shetland 15 52 4 109 65 Tayside 40 103 1 154 123 Western Isles - 77 5 128 157

Defined daily doses per 1 000 population

Scotland 1 190 2 308 24 3 348 2 660

Argyll & Clyde 1 204 1 896 22 3 113 2 614 Ayrshire & Arran 1 290 2 417 24 2 658 2 607 Borders 122 1 574 4 2 156 2 333 Dumfries & Galloway 388 1 934 22 2 798 2 665 Fife 535 1 905 52 2 748 2 101 Forth Valley 290 2 323 17 2 517 2 789 Grampian 1 006 2 104 30 2 784 2 331 Greater Glasgow 2 529 2 481 16 3 829 2 644 Highland 183 1 525 16 2 117 2 000 Lanarkshire 511 1 763 25 3 217 2 805 Lothian 1 453 3 115 29 4 605 2 722 Orkney 7 1 338 33 1 719 1 940 Shetland 228 911 25 1 475 1 056 Tayside 1 224 2 989 18 4 179 3 843 Western Isles 4 1 713 46 2 250 3 449

Source : ISD Scotland (Primary Care Information Unit).

120 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Prescription statistics

84 Prescriptions & defined daily doses per 1 000 population : 1992/93 - 1999/00 drug type

1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

Prescription per 1 000 population

Total 362 360 351 332 329 340 346 366

Methadone mixture 12 17 20 24 30 35 39 47 Dihydrocodeine 59 65 66 66 69 74 78 84 Buprenorphine 8 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 Diazepam 93 96 101 105 112 121 125 133 Temazepam 190 177 161 134 116 109 102 101

Defined daily doses per 1 000 population

Total 8 793 8 810 8 875 8 525 8 497 8 848 8 907 9 530

Methadone mixture 169 259 431 571 709 876 982 1 190 Dihydrocodeine 1 306 1 517 1 632 1 689 1 782 1 927 2 066 2 308 Buprenorphine 92 67 49 38 33 28 25 24 Diazepam 1 988 2 087 2 282 2 494 2 774 3 062 3 114 3 348 Temazepam 5 238 4 880 4 480 3 732 3 199 2 955 2 719 2 660

Source : ISD Scotland (Primary Care Information Unit).

85 Methadone mixture prescriptions : 1996/97 - 1999/00 health board of prescription, number and rate per 1 000 population

1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00

Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

Scotland 162 252 30 188 790 35 211 341 39 240 389 47

Argyll & Clyde 8 088 18 13 637 31 18 099 41 21 216 50 Ayrshire & Arran 12 821 33 21 607 55 23 838 61 25 319 68 Borders 424 4 498 5 492 5 414 4 Dumfries & Galloway 6 546 43 6 221 41 7 097 46 6 323 43 Fife 4 884 14 6 578 19 7 502 21 9 648 28 Forth Valley 2 730 9 2 695 9 2 311 8 2 472 9 Grampian 13 339 24 14 976 28 17 789 33 22 495 43 Greater Glasgow 69 051 69 75 711 77 80 353 82 86 777 96 Highland 1 011 5 989 5 1 516 7 2 347 11 Lanarkshire 10 739 18 12 211 21 17 575 30 24 760 44 Lothian 18 406 23 18 749 23 19 273 24 22 920 29 Orkney 22 1 17 1 17 1 17 1 Shetland 146 6 248 11 382 17 336 15 Tayside 13 854 34 14 491 35 15 093 37 15 339 40 Western Isles -- 3- 4- 6-

Source : ISD Scotland (Primary Care Information Unit).

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 121 Prescription statistics

86 Instalment dispensings of methadone mixture : 1999/00 health board of prescribing

Qty Disp 1 No.Disps 2 No. of items 3 Disps/Item 4 Qty per item 5 Qty per Disp 6 % of total dispensed (a) (b) (c) in instalments 7

1999/00 1998/99

Scotland 144 368 364 2 185 109 207 916 11 694 66 87 85

Argyll & Clyde 12 425 008 238 804 19 649 12 632 52 93 94 Ayrshire & Arran 10 324 135 122 208 21 050 6 490 84 83 82 Borders 213 553 1 899 314 6 680 112 76 76 Dumfries & Galloway 1 247 660 32 837 5 208 6 240 38 82 75 Fife 4 253 979 85 121 7 871 11 540 50 82 80 Forth Valley 1 896 681 38 605 1 961 20 967 49 79 81 Grampian 12 543 314 210 544 19 902 11 630 60 89 88 Greater Glasgow 55 618 451 910 737 81 278 11 684 61 94 94 Highland 800 513 12 712 1 728 7 463 63 74 62 Lanarkshire 6 495 827 130 918 15 835 8 410 50 64 51 Lothian 27 043 974 240 057 19 153 13 1 412 113 84 85 Orkney ------Shetland 47 397 409 149 3 318 116 44 33 Tayside 11 457 873 160 258 13 818 12 829 71 90 88 Western Isles ------25

1 Quantity dispensed in milligrams. 2 Number of occasions an item is dispensed. 3 Number of prescription items. 4 Number of dispensings per item = (b)/(c). 5 Quantity per item = (a)/(c). 6 Quantity per dispensing = (a)/(b). 7 Percentage of total dispensed (singly and in instalments).

Source : ISD Scotland (Primary Care Information Unit).

87 Single dispensings of methadone mixture : 1999/00 health board of prescribing

Qty Disp 1 No.Disps 2 No. of items 3 Disps/Item 4 Qty per item 5 Qty per Disp 6 % of total dispensed (a) (b) (c) singly 7

1999/00 1998/99

Scotland 7 443 569 32 473 32 473 1 229 229 14 15

Argyll & Clyde 382 411 1 567 1 567 1 244 244 76 Ayrshire & Arran 1 758 909 4 269 4 269 1 412 412 17 19 Borders 30 286 100 100 1 303 303 24 24 Dumfries & Galloway 176 581 1 115 1 115 1 158 158 18 25 Fife 396 433 1 777 1 777 1 223 223 18 20 Forth Valley 113 629 511 511 1 222 222 21 19 Grampian 665 293 2 593 2 593 1 257 257 12 12 Greater Glasgow 1 532 462 5 499 5 499 1 279 279 67 Highland 151 783 619 619 1 245 245 26 38 Lanarkshire 687 164 8 925 8 925 1 77 77 36 49 Lothian 1 037 673 3 767 3 767 1 275 275 16 15 Orkney 3 637 17 17 1 214 214 100 100 Shetland 82 050 187 187 1 439 439 56 67 Tayside 422 721 1 521 1 521 1 278 278 10 12 Western Isles 2 540 6 6 1 423 423 100 75

Source : ISD Scotland (Primary Care Information Unit).

122 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Seizures of controlled drugs

chapter 10 Seizures of controlled drugs

This section provides a selection of information on seizures of drugs controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.

The source of statistics concerned with seizures of controlled drugs is a range of bulletins published annually by the Home Office under the general title Statistics of drug seizures and offenders dealt with. The figures relating to Scotland are published in the Scotland Tables which may be obtained from the Home Office at the address given on page 145.

The statistics of seizures cover seizures made during the year by police and by officials of HM Customs and Excise and other bodies. Seizures involving more than one drug are counted as a single seizure in the total number of seizures but are counted separately against each individual drug or drug class involved. Annual movements in quantities are often heavily affected by a small number of very large seizures. It should also be noted that changes in drug seizures do not necessarily imply similar changes in the prevalence of the misuse of controlled drugs. Drug misuse is a largely clandestine activity and the numbers of seizures are affected by both by changes in the amount, direction and effectiveness of enforcement effort and by changes in recording procedures.

88 Seizures of controlled drugs : 1985, 1990, 1993 - 1998 police force area or other organisation 1

1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Police and other authorities Central 78 283 511 491 633 589 598 829 Dumfries & Galloway 45 119 289 266 414 452 444 509 Fife 103 243 255 343 526 498 658 654 Grampian 220 324 703 1 036 1125 1 391 1 518 1 682 Lothian & Borders 546 805 1 278 1 294 728 1 471 2 369 2 378 Northern 192 248 368 380 463 471 555 394 Strathclyde 1 848 3 463 5 833 6 804 7 936 7 987 9 372 10 041 Tayside 210 486 697 697 835 967 1 049 1 259 Other authorities .. 19 - - - 27 15 18 Scotland 3 242 5 990 9 934 11 311 12 660 13 853 16 578 17 764

England 21 767 45 190 64 926 82 337 88 628 93 156 105 376 112 721 Wales 1 452 2 102 4 274 5 646 5 561 5 870 8 343 9 553 Northern Ireland 219 172 423 894 846 1 291 1 201 1 508 British Transport Police ...... 1 006 957 Regional Crime Squad ...... 128 386 Force missing, not recorded 2 .. .. 495 254 - - - -

UK Total 26 680 53 454 80 052 100 442 107 695 114 170 132 632 142 889

HM Customs & Excise 3 786 7 405 7 433 7 187 6 844 7 949 6 727 7 753

Total - all seizures 30 466 60 859 87 485 107 629 114 539 122 119 139 359 150 642

1 Seizures from joint operations involving HM Customs & Excise and the police are generally recorded against HM Customes & Excise. Seizures made by the Scottish Crime Squad are recorded by the appropriate police force. 2 Among English and Welsh police forces; not recorded before 1993.

.. Not available

Source : Home Office

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 123 Seizures of controlled drugs

89 Seizures 1 of controlled drugs (number and quantity seized) : 1998 police force area or other organisation 2; drug type

NUMBER OF SEIZURES

All drugs Class A Drugs

Total Cocaine Heroin LSD Ecstasy- Methadone Other Total (incl. ‘crack’) type Class A

Police and other authorities Central 829 8 73 1 20 3 3 102 Dumfries & Galloway 509 8 140 2 13 3 1 157 Fife 654 5 54 2 26 3 3 86 Grampian 1 682 42 270 9 45 19 5 357 Lothian & Borders 2 378 40 120 13 103 18 15 277 Northern 394 5 5 2 14 1 2 28 Strathclyde 10 041 141 1 707 46 178 63 46 2 085 Tayside 1 259 13 41 7 60 7 19 139 Force not specified 18 ------

Scotland 17 764 262 2 410 82 459 117 94 3 231

England 112 721 6 195 11 991 440 3 625 1 379 596 22 536 Wales 9 553 72 380 62 311 51 127 951 Northern Ireland 1 508 14 30 6 275 - 6 320 British Transport Police 957 29 93 3 15 11 1 151 Regional Crime Squads 386 22 44 4 16 5 1 79

UK Total 3 142 889 6 594 14 948 597 4 701 1 563 825 27 268

HM Customs & Excise 7 753 839 147 16 89 6 172 1 204

Total - all seizures 150 642 7 433 2 440 15 095 613 4 790 1 569 28 472

QUANTITY SEIZED (kgs 4)

Class A Drugs

Cocaine Heroin LSD Ecstasy- Methadone Other (incl. ‘crack’) (doses) type (doses)

Police and other authorities Central 0.1 0.1 4 5 892 - - Dumfries & Galloway - 5.3 5 6 386 - 0.6 Fife 0.2 0.4 59 5 110 - - Grampian 0.5 2.4 98 1 109 - - Lothian & Borders 0.6 0.3 299 3 610 0.1 - Northern - - 19 217 - - Strathclyde 26.0 30.4 2 406 6 313 - 0.1 Tayside 0.1 0.1 22 7 126 - 0.2 Other authorities ------

Scotland 27.7 39.0 2 912 35 763 0.1 0.9

England 114.5 237.5 23 275 442 762 76.6 38.4 Wales 1.2 1.6 1 766 63 476 4.9 4.5 Northern Ireland 4.2 0.2 655 131 847 - - British Transport Police 2.0 23.4 86 19 288 0.1 - Regional Crime Squads 26.0 53.9 136 413 489 0.1 -

UK Total 3 175.6 355.6 28 830 1 106 625 81.7 43.8

HM Customs & Excise 2 809.5 989.0 11 223 988 713 0.8 65.5

Total - all seizures 2 985.1 1 343.7 40 053 2 095 338 82.5 109.3

1 As a seizure can involve more than one drug, figures for individual drugs cannot be added to produce totals. 2 Seizures from joint operations involving HM Customs & Excise and the police are genereally recorded against HM Customs & Excise (Number of seizures) or the lead agency (quantity seized). Seizures made by the Scottish Crime Squad are recorded by the appropriate police force. 3 Includes seizures made by British Transport Police in England and Wales. 4 All quantities are in kilogrammes except for LSD and Ecstasy-type (doses), and cannabis plants

Source : Home Office

124 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Seizures of controlled drugs

Seizures 1 of controlled drugs (number and quantity seized) : 1998 89 continued

NUMBER OF SEIZURES

Class B Drugs Class C Drugs Unknown

Cannabis Amphet- Other Total Benzo- Temez- Anabolic Other Total amines Class B diazepines epam steroids Class C

Police and other authorities 727 52 5 748 8 6 - 8 22 - Central 341 54 2 374 9 - - 1 10 1 Dumfries & Galloway 550 108 12 606 17 1 - 4 21 - Fife 1 329 213 21 1 437 69 19 - 18 89 - Grampian 2 010 348 78 2 241 71 28 - 17 100 5 Lothian & Borders 352 58 1 378 5--- 5 - Northern 7 354 1 100 192 8 154 445 501 - 51 912 2 Strathclyde 1 066 156 28 1 168 22 13 - 14 46 1 Tayside 18 2 - 18 1 2 - - 2 - Force not specified

13 747 2 091 339 15 124 647 570 - 113 1 207 9 Scotland

84 181 14 304 165 94 093 1 306 229 122 47 1 645 487 England 7 541 1 818 10 8 845 61 106 8 1 165 18 Wales 1 257 102 1 1 312 8 - - 12 17 - Northern Ireland 768 54 - 810 7 1 1 - 90 - British Transport Police 299 30 - 321 5 - - 2 5 - Regional Crime Squads

107 793 18 399 515 120 505 2 034 906 131 175 3 129 514 UK Total 3

6 370 136 3 6 484 10 5 39 19 64 2 HM Customs & Excise

114 163 18 535 518 126 989 2 044 911 170 194 3 193 516 Total - all seizures

QUANTITY SEIZED (kgs 4)

Class B Drugs Class C Drugs Unknown Cannabis Cannabis Cannabis Cannabis Amphet- Other Benzo- Temez- Anabolic Other (herbal) Plants Resin Liquid amines diazepines epam steroids

Police and other authorities 2.1 86 117.6 - 0.8 ------Central 2.9 77 5 355.2 - 0.7 ------Dumfries & Galloway 3.9 421 164.7 - 3.9 ------Fife 23.0 183 393.0 - 17.2 - 0.1 - - - - Grampian 2.1 691 247.6 - 19.8 0.1 - - - - - Lothian & Borders 772.0 26 4 447.2 - 11.1 ------Northern 1.3 436 1 166.3 - 52.6 0.3 0.4 58.6 - - - Strathclyde 3.9 40 40.7 - 1.8 0.2 - - - - - Tayside 1.2 - 23.7 ------Other authorities

812.3 1 960 11 956.0 - 107.8 0.6 0.5 58.6 - - - Scotland

1 244.6 61 698 6 623.4 0.7 391.2 0.3 1.8 0.4 3.0 0.3 2.7 England 25.4 5 957 2 721.6 0.5 35.4 - 0.4 0.2 0.4 - 0.3 Wales 1.0 102 419.9 - 6.5 ------Northern Ireland 3.0 20 27.7 - 4.0 ------British Transport Police 27.0 2 233 399.6 - 53.3 ------Regional Crime Squads

2 113.4 71 970 22 148.2 1.2 598.2 0.8 2.8 59.2 3.4 0.3 3.0 UK Total 3

19 546.1 - 63 674.8 6.2 1 206.4 - - - 14.2 10.0 0.8 HM Customs & Excise

21 659.5 71 970 85 823.0 7.4 1 804.6 0.9 2.8 59.2 17.7 10.3 3.9 Total - all seizures

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 125 Seizures of controlled drugs

90 Number and quantity1 of seizures2 of class A, B and C drugs; Scotland : 1985, 1990, 1993 - 1998 drug type Number of seizures

1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

All Class A 510 412 1 203 1 257 1 496 2 456 2 702 3 231

Cocaine inc.'crack' 41 26 45 83 70 119 196 262 Dextromoramide 2 5 6 4 2 - 1 2 Dipipanone 15 19 23 18 19 13 16 7 Heroin 388 114 394 489 738 1 208 1 788 2 410 LSD 53 172 346 271 107 140 100 82 Ecstasy-type 3 - 8 198 363 524 893 527 459 Methadone 7 20 33 37 44 112 111 117 Morphine 7 37 36 36 25 36 30 45 Opium - 1 3 1 1 - 1 1 Pethidine 5 9 3 5 2 1 4 6 Other Class A 8 26 155 428 45 83 599 493

All Class B 3 000 4 583 9 134 10 415 11 346 11 679 14 425 15 124

Amphetamines 370 335 1 400 1 273 1 525 2 089 2 095 2 091 Barbiturates 12 5 7 4 2 1 3 3 Cannabis(herbal) 296 112 1 084 927 585 1 032 573 442 Cannabis plants 4 127 40 311 290 265 263 190 125 Cannabis resin 2 526 5 225 7 228 8 805 9 896 9 456 12 570 13 469 Cannabis liquid 22 24 12 11 15 7 9 7 Methaqualone 1------Other Class B 3 74 108 111 98 189 292 336

All Class C 5 525 592 791 745 1 124 828 1 207

Benzodiazepines .. 242 355 555 288 449 458 647 Temazepan ...... 624 326 570 Other Class C 5 5 316 274 285 498 747 335 578

Quantity seized (kgs)

1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

All Class A

Cocaine inc.'crack' 0.400 0.100 8.317 3.569 0.797 2.452 4.582 27.855 Dextromoramide 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 - - - - Dipipanone - 7 - 7 0.002 0.011 0.006 0.006 0.001 - Heroin 6.600 2.600 3.764 2.720 9.115 34.761 23.835 40.168 LSD 6 0.001 10.0006 14 172 10 926 6 749 24 010 7 629 2 929 Ecstasy-type 3,6 - 80.000 4 636 21 574 2 422 49 599 18 879 36 304 Methadone - 7 0.006 0.109 0.014 0.012 0.067 0.303 0.114 Morphine 0.004 0.241 0.041 25.408 0.034 0.042 0.025 0.210 Opium - - 8 0.009 - - - 0.001 0.056 Pethidine - 8 - 8 0.005 0.015 0.004 - 0.001 0.002 Other Class A - 8 0.200 0.319 2.386 0.094 6.600 0.068 0.025

All Class B

Amphetamines 5.000 6.300 60.413 36.299 31.000 70.257 1 761.232 111.093 Barbiturates 0.200 - 8 0.016 0.052 0.001 0.001 0.081 - Cannabis (herbal) 708.700 108.500 34.277 114.539 18.367 90.340 66.857 813.490 Cannabis plants 4 718 177 1 611 3 338 2 455 2 070 34 793 2 030 Cannabis resin 71.800 106.400 4 734.440 926.510 357.597 406.556 3 607.455 11 970.650 Cannabis liquid 0.100 0.200 0.048 0.001 8 0.007 8 - 0.001 0.033 Methaqualone ------8 Other Class B 0.200 0.100 0.572 0.473 0.119 1.366 0.583 0.637

All Class C

Benzodiazepines .. 0.243 0.393 0.806 0.217 0.521 0.149 9.071 Temazepan ...... 3.024 0.028 58.602 9 Other Class C 5 - 8 0.014 0.320 0.046 0.297 3.027 0.035 0.017

1 Drugs are seized in a variety of forms but where possible, for the purpose of this table, amounts have been converted to 7 Less than 0.5 gram. weights. Seizures of unspecified quantities are not included. 8 Less than 50 grams. 2 As a seizure can involve more than one drug, figures for individual drugs cannot be added together to produce totals. 9 Equals 381 369 capsules. 3 MDMA up until 1995. 4 Number of plants. .. Not available. 5 None of these ‘other class C’ drugs were Anabolic steroids. 6 Number of doses. Measured in kilos until 1993. Data for 1985 -1992 are in kilos; from 1993, data refer to number of doses. Source : Home Office

126 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Drug-related offences recorded and court proceedings

chapter Drug-related offences recorded and 11 court proceedings

Statistics on drug-related offences recorded by the police are available from quarterly statistical returns made by the Scottish police forces to the Scottish Executive Justice Department. Statistics on persons prosecuted for drug-related offences are available from the Scottish Executive Justice Departments court proceedings database. They are derived from the information on court proceedings held on the police operational computer at the Scottish Criminal Record Office. Offences are recorded in the year in which the offender was sentenced, which will in many cases not be the year in which the offence was committed. If a person was sentenced for drugs offences on more than one occasion during a single year, each occasion is recorded separately. Offenders with more than one offence (dealt with at the same court appearance) are counted as a single offender in the total number of offenders, and are classified by the main offence (i.e. the one with the severest penalty). Court proceedings data for 1999 was not available at the time of publicaton.

91 Drug-related offences recorded by Scottish police forces : 1997 - 1999 (mainly Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 offences); council area1,number and rate per 100 000 population

1997 1998 1999 Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

Scotland 29 386 574 31 460 614 31 870 623

Aberdeen City 1 675 776 1 694 795 1 617 760 Aberdeenshire 974 430 892 394 717 315 Angus 371 337 430 391 458 417 Argyll & Bute 315 348 420 467 372 415 Ayrshire East 517 424 615 507 773 639 Ayrshire North 669 479 798 571 721 517 Ayrshire South 564 491 777 679 752 658 Borders 383 361 342 322 719 676

Clackmannanshire 212 434 290 597 232 478 Dumfries & Galloway 1 041 707 790 536 700 477 Dunbartonshire East 277 250 321 293 284 257 Dunbartonshire West 702 734 681 718 515 542 Dundee City 744 500 871 594 738 511 Edinburgh City 2 481 551 1 928 428 2 927 648 Eilean Siar 56 198 98 351 83 301 Falkirk 581 406 700 486 680 471

Fife 1 939 557 2 148 616 1 508 432 Glasgow City 6 995 1 144 8 224 1 327 7 791 1 274 Highland 1 331 638 1 051 505 1 296 621 Inverclyde 847 979 793 929 769 903 Lanarkshire North 1 831 561 1 939 593 2 175 663 Lanarkshire South 1 182 385 1 218 397 1 482 482 Lothian East 185 208 174 194 208 230 Lothian West 657 431 630 412 907 586

Midlothian 410 508 283 350 326 399 Moray 228 265 256 298 288 338 Orkney Islands 37 186 54 276 58 296 Perth & Kinross 685 514 885 665 784 585 Renfrewshire 866 486 1 437 808 1 198 676 Renfrewshire East 225 254 285 324 312 349 Shetland Islands 66 287 74 323 95 418 Stirling 340 407 362 435 385 455

1 Where the offence was detected or reported.

Source : The Scottish Executive Justice Department (recorded crime series)

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 127 Drug-related offences recorded and court proceedings

92 Drug-related offences recorded by Scottish police forces : 1999 (mainly Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 offences) council area1 ; type of offence

Number Rate per 100 000 population

Possession Possession Other 2 Total Possession Possession Other 2 Total 3 with intent with intent to supply to supply

Scotland 8 514 22 768 588 31 870 166 445 11 623

Aberdeen City 446 1 166 5 1 617 210 548 2 760 Aberdeenshire 161 548 8 717 71 241 4 315 Angus 109 344 5 458 99 313 5 417 Argyll & Bute 64 305 3 372 71 340 3 415 Ayrshire East 186 562 25 773 154 465 21 639 Ayrshire North 124 593 4 721 89 425 3 517 Ayrshire South 141 602 9 752 123 527 8 658 Borders 208 482 29 719 195 453 27 676

Clackmannanshire 68 159 5 232 140 328 10 478 Dumfries & Galloway 302 397 1 700 206 270 1 477 Dunbartonshire East 68 214 2 284 61 193 2 257 Dunbartonshire West 113 398 4 515 119 419 4 542 Dundee City 144 590 4 738 100 409 3 511 Edinburgh City 930 1 911 86 2 927 206 423 19 648 Eilean Siar 7 71 5 83 25 258 18 301 Falkirk 194 476 10 680 134 330 7 471

Fife 439 1 040 29 1 508 126 298 8 432 Glasgow City 2 104 5 533 154 7 791 344 905 25 1 274 Highland 323 892 81 1 296 155 428 39 621 Inverclyde 228 529 12 769 268 621 14 903 Lanarkshire North 561 1 609 5 2 175 171 491 2 663 Lanarkshire South 334 1 129 19 1 482 109 367 6 482 Lothian East 48 154 6 208 53 170 7 230 Lothian West 244 636 27 907 158 411 17 586

Midlothian 64 252 10 326 78 309 12 399 Moray 45 238 5 288 53 279 6 338 Orkney Islands 12 44 2 58 61 224 10 296 Perth & Kinross 291 487 6 784 217 363 4 585 Renfrewshire 371 823 4 1 198 209 464 2 676 Renfrewshire East 60 240 12 312 67 269 13 349 Shetland Islands 17 76 2 95 75 334 9 418 Stirling 108 268 9 385 128 316 11 455

1 Where the offence was detected or reported. 2 Includes illegal importation of drugs, production and manufacture of drugs, money laundering related offences, and other drug-related offences. 3 Components may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Source : The Scottish Executive Justice Department (recorded crime series)

128 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Drug-related offences recorded and court proceedings

93 Persons convicted in Scottish courts of drug offences 1 : 1989 - 1998 type of offence and age of convicted person

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

All convicted persons 2 2 415 3 021 3 789 4 114 4 675 5 386 5 599 6 183 7 005 6 918 (n=100%) percentage Under 16 ------16 to 20 26 29 35 36 33 30 27 24 22 23 21 to 25 36 36 33 34 36 35 34 32 33 30 26 to 30 20 20 18 17 17 20 19 22 22 23 31 to 35 10 9 8 7 8 9 10 12 12 13 36 to 40 5 4 4 4 4 3 5 6 6 6 Over 40 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 4 4 5

Average age 25 25 24 24 24 25 25 26 26 26

Possession with intent to supply 376 491 593 655 825 919 1 064 1 383 1 490 1 529 (n=100%) percentage Under 16 ------16 to 20 17 16 23 28 27 24 18 20 18 17 21 to 25 35 37 28 30 31 32 33 28 31 27 26 to 30 26 24 24 21 20 22 24 23 24 24 31 to 35 11 11 10 9 10 13 11 14 13 16 36 to 40 6 5 8 7 7 4 6 9 7 7 Over 40 5 5 7 5 5 5 7 7 7 8

Average age 27 27 27 26 26 26 27 27 27 28

Possession 2 009 2 497 3 172 3 421 3 765 4 338 4 420 4 634 5 384 5 291 (n=100%) percentage Under 16 ------16 to 20 28 32 37 38 35 32 30 26 24 25 21 to 25 36 36 33 35 37 36 35 33 34 31 26 to 30 19 19 17 16 16 19 18 22 22 22 31 to 35 10 8 7 7 7 8 9 11 12 12 36 to 40 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 Over 40 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 3 3 4

Average age 25 24 24 23 24 24 25 25 26 26

Other 2 30 33 24 38 85 129 115 166 131 98 (n=100%) percentage Under 16 ------16 to 20 7 9 21 16 18 12 10 11 10 5 21 to 25 50 30 29 37 35 29 26 20 16 17 26 to 30 20 27 25 21 28 26 23 20 23 21 31 to 35 17 15 13 13 13 13 20 20 21 27 36 to 40 7 9 8 11 1 8 9 17 13 14 Over 40 - 9 4 3 5 12 13 12 18 15

Average age 27 29 26 27 26 29 30 31 32 32

1 Where main offence. 2 Includes illegal importation of drugs, production and manufacture of drugs, money laundering related offences, and other drug-related offences.

Source : The Scottish Executive Justice Department (court proceedings database)

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 129 Drug-related offences recorded and court proceedings

94 Persons convicted in Scottish courts of drug offences 1 : 1989 - 1998 type of offence and sentence

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

All convicted persons 2 (n=100%) 2 415 3 021 3 789 4 114 4 675 5 386 5 599 6 183 7 005 6 918

percentage Male 91 91 92 92 92 91 91 89 89 88 Female 9 9 8 8 8 9 9 11 11 12

Possession with intent to supply (n=100%) 376 491 593 655 825 919 1 064 1 383 1 490 1 529

percentage Admonition/ Caution 4 5 5 6 5 3 2 3 3 3 Absolute discharge/ No order made ------Community Service 10 18 21 19 20 20 19 17 19 21 Probation 5 7 5 7 8 10 8 8 11 11 Fine 25 27 24 24 19 19 19 13 13 14 Custody - Less than 6 months 7 6 6 6 6 7 9 14 15 14 Custody - 6 months to 2 years 29 21 23 21 24 26 26 26 22 21 Custody - Over 2 years 19 17 14 15 18 13 16 18 17 15 Other 2 ------

Possession (n=100%) 2 009 2 497 3 172 3 421 3 765 4 338 4 420 4 634 5 384 5 291

percentage Admonition/ Caution 11 11 10 10 8 9 9 7 7 8 Absolute discharge/ No order made - 1 1-- 1---- Community Service 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 Probation/ SAO 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 Fine 83 82 83 84 86 86 84 83 82 81 Custody - Less than 6 months 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 4 4 Custody - 6 months to 2 years 1 1-- 1-- 1-- Custody - Over 2 years ------Other 2 ------

Other 4 (n=100%) 30 33 24 38 85 129 115 166 131 98

percentage Admonition/ Caution 10 3 8 18 7 9 4 8 11 4 Absolute discharge/ No order made ------1-- Community Service 3 12 - 3 5 10 11 17 15 16 Probation 7 - - 3 4 2 3 5 4 7 Fine 73 82 83 68 80 72 64 55 58 51 Custody - Less than 6 months 7 3 - - 1 2 3 4 5 8 Custody - 6 months to 2 years - - 8 8 2 2 12 8 6 8 Custody - Over 2 years ---- 1 3 2 2 1 5 Other 2 ------1--

1 Where main offence. 2 Other outcomes consist of remits to childrens’ hearings, hospital and guardianship orders, insanity and compensation orders. 3 There were two supervised attendance orders imposed for possession in 1997. 4 Includes illegal importation of drugs, production, manufacture or cultivation of drugs, money laundering related offences, and other drugs-related offences.

Source : The Scottish Executive Justice Department (court proceedings database)

130 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Drug-related offences recorded and court proceedings

95 Persons convicted of drug offences 1 in Sheriff courts : 1998

Possession with intent to supply Possession Other 2

Number % % Number % % Number Custodial Aged Custodial Aged sentence under 21 sentence under 21

Scotland 1 286 43 19 3 471 6 21 86

Aberdeen 96 34 29 283 8 21 2 Airdrie 33 36 24 107 4 28 1 Alloa 18 83 6 30 13 27 - Arbroath 5 60 - 51 2 25 1 Ayr 21 48 14 115 10 19 2 Banff 3 67 33 11 9 27 - Campbeltown 2 -- 7 14 57 - Cupar 8 - 13 14 - 14 - Dingwall 6 67 33 13 - 15 1 Dornoch 2 100 - 7 -- -

Dumbarton 33 52 18 74 5 22 2 Dumfries 24 46 33 23 4 22 1 Dundee 27 30 15 67 4 18 3 Dunfermline 32 41 25 61 - 11 8 Dunoon 3 -- 27 - 26 1 Duns 2 -- 1 -- - Edinburgh 147 34 17 363 4 20 3 Elgin 11 18 27 53 2 32 1 Falkirk 29 24 24 47 11 23 - Forfar 13 23 31 5 20 - -

Fort William 6 100 - 24 17 21 - Glasgow 326 49 13 827 8 16 13 Greenock 45 67 16 169 5 22 - Haddington 6 67 17 29 10 21 1 Hamilton 65 45 15 151 2 18 3 Inverness 30 23 27 83 2 27 1 Jedburgh 6 33 - 3 - 33 1 Kilmarnock 44 48 32 168 6 24 5 Kirkcaldy 31 39 16 63 3 16 7 Kirkcudbright 3 33 33 22 - 41 1

Kirkwall --- 6 - 17 - Lanark 7 - 29 39 5 38 1 Lerwick 1 -- 17 - 12 2 Linlithgow 27 33 19 79 1 29 4 Lochmaddy --- 2 -- - Oban 4 50 25 26 4 19 1 Paisley 57 65 19 116 1 25 5 Peebles 1 100 - 1 -- - Perth 51 24 25 47 6 15 6 Peterhead 14 43 - 69 13 28 2

Portree 4 - 50 1 - 100 - Rothesay 2 100 - 1 -- - Selkirk 8 25 38 5 -- 1 Stirling 13 54 23 18 6 11 1 Stonehaven 4 25 25 9 - 33 - Stornoway 3 33 67 31 3 42 - Stranraer 9 56 44 76 12 34 - Tain 2 50 - 19 - 21 1 Wick 2 -- 11 18 - 4

1 Where main offence. 2 Includes illegal importation of drugs, production and manufacture of drugs, money laundering related offences, and other drug-related offences.

Source : The Scottish Executive Justice Department (court proceedings database)

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 131 Drug-related offences recorded and court proceedings

96 Persons convicted of drugs offences 1 in District courts : 1998

Possession Other 3

Number % % Number Custodial Aged sentence under 21

Scotland 1 736 - 33 3

Aberdeen City 140 1 25 - Aberdeenshire 112 - 42 1 Angus 38 - 42 - Argyll & Bute 19 - 32 - Ayrshire East 81 - 42 - Ayrshire North 89 - 43 - Ayrshire South 57 2 35 - Borders 23 - 22 -

Clackmannanshire 13 - 8 - Dumfries & Galloway 16 - 13 - Dunbartonshire East 8 - 25 - Dunbartonshire West 72 - 35 - Dundee City 83 1 24 - Edinburgh City 59 - 31 - Eilean Siar - -- - Falkirk 50 - 32 1

Fife 78 - 17 - Glasgow City 2 197 - 28 - Highland 83 - 37 - Inverclyde 21 5 38 - Lanarkshire North 174 - 33 - Lanarkshire South 132 - 39 - Lothian East 4 - 25 - Lothian West 29 - 34 -

Midlothian 18 - 50 - Moray - -- - Perth & Kinross 34 - 26 1 Renfrewshire 71 - 42 - Renfrewshire East 21 - 52 - Stirling 14 7 14 -

1 Where main offence 2 In addition, there were 74 convictions for possession of drugs in the Stipendiary Magistrates Court, 3% of which resulted in custodial sentences, and 23% of which involved persons aged under 21. 3 Includes illegal importation of drugs, production and manufacture of drugs, money laundering related offences, and other drug-related offences.

Source : The Scottish Executive Justice Department (court proceedings database)

132 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Drug misuse in Scottish prisons

chapter 12 Drug misuse in Scottish prisons

Urine testing at reception into custody During the period April 1999 to March 2000, a total of 282 urine samples were taken from prisoners at the point of entry to the prison system. This sample covers only a small proportion of prison admissions during the period (totalling nearly 25,000), and is therefore indicative rather than definitive. Most of the samples were taken in two prisons (Aberdeen (147) and Perth (86)), with 49 coming from other locations. Positive rates, and proportions of the drugs found, are presented below:

97 Drug use at reception into custody : 1999/00 results of urine testing of new admissions

Aberdeen Perth Others Total 1998/99 establishments comparison

Number tested 147 86 49 282 286

Percentage Positive 1 All tests 85 86 22 75 73

Drugs detected Cannabis 60 72 10 55 49 as percentage of Benzodiazepines 52 41 14 42 43 all tests taken 2 Opiates 46 30 6 34 42 Methadone 11 16 2 11 8 LSD - - - - <0.5 Amphetamines 4 1 - 3 3 Barbiturates 1 - - - <0.5 Cocaine 6 - - 3 4 Temgesic - 2 - 1 -

1 These figures include all reported instances of the named drug types, and make no allowance for those that might be due to medical prescription. 2 Drug percentages do not add up to 100% due to poly-drug abuse.

Source : The Scottish Prison Service (SPS).

Random mandatory drug testing (MDT) results Each month, 10% of the prisoner population in each prison in Scotland is randomly selected for a urine drug test. Other reasons for targeted testing exist, but are not reported here. Table 98 shows aggregate results for the service as a whole for the last four years. Tables 99 and 100 show the rates of positive results and the drugs found, by prison establishment, in 1998/99 and 1999/00 respectively.

98 Mandatory drug testing results : 1996/97 - 1999/00 random tests of 10% of prison population

Number Percentage positive Drugs detected (as percentage of all tests taken)1 tested All In- Cannabis Benzo- Opiates Meth- LSD Amphet- Barbit- Cocaine Temgesic tests prison2 diazepines adone amines urates

1996/97 2 364 3 36 29 29 9 16 1 - - - - 3 1997/98 7 070 29 23 20 5 13 1 - - - - 2 1998/99 7 162 25 18 15 6 12 - - - - - 1 1999/00 6 605 22 15 11 5 9 - - - - - 1

1 Poly-drug misuse makes simple addition of drug percentages inappropriate. 2 In-prison rate excludes those who may have misused the drugs for which they tested positive before entry to prison. 3 Due to the gradual phasing in of this data collection in 1996/97, this figure is lower than subsequent years and figures are indicative only.

Source : The Scottish Prison Service (SPS).

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 133 Drug misuse in Scottish prisons

99 Mandatory drug testing results : 1998/99 random tests of 10% of prison population

Establishment Number Percentage positive Drugs detected (as percentage of all tests taken) 1 tested All In - Cannabis Benzo- Opiates Meth- LSD Amphet- Barbit- Cocaine Temgesic tests prison 2 diaz- adone amines urates epines Scottish Prison Service Total 7 162 25 18 15 6 12 - - - - - 1

Aberdeen 211 40 19 28 11 18 3 - - - - 2 Barlinnie 1 362 22 12 6 8 12 1 - - - - - Castle Huntly 127 26 26 17 5 8 - - - - 1 - Cornton Vale 201 1412557------Dumfries 159 25 18 19 7 8 - - - - - 1 Dungavel 131 24 24 29 10 20 2 2 2 1 1 - Edinburgh 899 29 20 22 6 11 1 - - - - 2 Friarton 92 28 28 25 - 7 - - - - 2 - Glenochil Adult 516 32 31 13 4 22 - - - - - 3 Glenochil YOI 163 32 2111----- Greenock 263 26 11 12 14 14 1 - - - - 3 Inverness 150 24 15 23 7 5 - - 1 - - - Low Moss 434 32 19 16 10 17 - - - - 1 - Longriggend 179 37 11 32 13 9 ------Noranside 115 17 17 8 2 8 - - 1 - - 2 Penninghame 102 11 11 2 - 7 - - - - 1 1 Perth 576 34 26 22 6 17 - - - - - 3 Peterhead 345 77 61------Polmont 531 16 13 14 2 1 - - - - - 1 Shotts 543 32 32 13 4 24 - - - - - 4 Shotts NIC 52 27 27 8 8 8 - - - - - 10 Shotts Unit 11 82 73 45 - 45 ------

1 Poly-drug misuse makes simple addition of drug percentages inappropriate. 2 In-prison rate excludes those who may have misused the drugs for which they tested positive before entry to prison.

Source : The Scottish Prison Service (SPS).

100 Mandatory drug testing results : 1999/00 random tests of 10% of prison population

Establishment Number Percentage positive Drugs detected (as percentage of all tests taken) 3 tested All In - Cannabis Benzo- Opiates Meth- LSD Amphet- Barbit- Cocaine Temgesic tests prison 4 diaz- adone amines urates epines Scottish Prison Service Total 6 605 22 15 11 5 9 - - - - - 1

Aberdeen 185 218 1348----1- Barlinnie 1 201 23 9 6 13 10 ------Castle Huntly 137 18 17 12 3 6 - - - - 1 1 Cornton Vale 228 149 327------Dumfries Adults 1 42 43 14 14 - 12 ------Dumfries Females 1 9 221111------Dumfries YOI 1 67 16 16 10 1 4 - - - - - 3 Dungavel 112 10 10 2 4 2 - - - - - 4 Edinburgh 787 25 19 14 4 10 1 - - - 1 2 Friarton 78 29 28 27 5 5 ------Glenochil Adult 472 27 27 12 1 18 - - - - - 2 Glenochil YOI 132 98 811------Greenock 313 208 13109-----1 Inverness 134 25 13 25 2 1 ------Low Moss 329 28 14 16 10 9 ------Longriggend 2 116 316 261110------Noranside 119 11 11 8 - 3 - - - - 1 3 Penninghame 2 87 99 2-2----16 Perth 526 29 21 18 8 12 1 - - - - 2 Peterhead 348 55 4-1------Peterhead Unit 2 7 43 43 43 14 29 ------Polmont 570 16 12 13 2 4 ------Shotts 535 25 25 10 120 -----3 Shotts NIC 59 27 27 17 312 ------Shotts Unit 12 67 67 8 8------

1 Figures for the separate parts of Dumfries prison are presented for the first time. 2 Prison closed part way through 1999/00. 3 Poly-drug misuse makes simple addition of drug percentages inappropriate. 4 In-prison rate excludes those who may have misused the drugs for which they tested positive before entry to prison.

Source : The Scottish Prison Service (SPS).

134 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 1999

chapter 13 Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 1999 GWL Jackson BSc MA Statistician, General Register Office for Scotland

Dr S K Cole MD FRCOG FFCM FRCP(Ed.) Consultant Medical Adviser to the Registrar General for Scotland

Introduction In its enquiry in 1993 into drug abuse in Scotland, the House of Commons Select Committee on Scottish Affairs expressed concern about the quality of available information on deaths resulting from drug abuse. In response to the Select Committees concern, an improved system for collecting information on drug-related deaths in Scotland was introduced in 1994. A paper1 published in June 1995 by the Registrar General for Scotland described this revised system. The paper outlined the definitions used and presented data for 1992, 1993 and 1994. The figures for 1994, which were collected using the revised system, provided a base-line against which future trends could be assessed. Further short papers have been published in each subsequent year. This paper gives figures for 1999.

The system introduced in 1994 uses a specially designed questionnaire, completed by forensic pathologists, for all deaths involving drugs or persons known or suspected to be drug-dependent. Additionally, GROS follow up all cases of deaths of young people where the information on the death certificate is vague or suggests that there might be a background of drug abuse. (A copy of the questionnaire currently used is on page 137).

The definition of a drug-related death is not straightforward. A useful discussion on the definitional problems may be found in an article in the Office for National Statistics publication Population Trends2. More recently, a report3 by the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) considered current systems used in the United Kingdom to collect and analyse data on drug-related deaths. In its report the ACMD recommended that a short life technical working group should be brought together to reach agreement on a consistent coding framework to be used in future across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. GROS are represented on this group and it is likely that future papers in this series will take account of the working groups recommendations. However, GROS will ensure that an appropriate time series can be produced for any new definitional approach and that comparisons with the current approach are possible.

As in previous years the analyses presented in this paper cover the following categories, coded according to the International Classification of Diseases (Ninth Revision):

Drug dependence (304), excluding solvent abuse (ICD9 304.6); Accidental poisoning by drugs, medicaments and biologicals (ICD9 E850 - E858); and Poisoning by solid or liquid substances, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted (ICD9 E980).

All known suicides have been excluded, as have road traffic and other accidents which occurred under the influence of drugs and deaths from AIDS where the risk factor was believed to be the sharing of needles. The categories selected will include deaths from occasional or experimental misuse of drugs and accidental overdoses of prescribed medicine as well as some unrecognised suicides.

To aid interpretation of the figures, Tables 101-103 categorise deaths according to whether drug dependence was known (or strongly suspected) or not known and, for the latter category, sub-groups based on the types of drug(s) involved. The second column (headed Opiates etc.) covers deaths involving a strong opiate (e.g. heroin, morphine, methadone) or an illegal drug (e.g. cocaine, ecstasy, LSD). The third and fourth columns include deaths from two or more drugs or a single drug respectively, excluding those covered by the second column. In effect the probability of drug-dependence decreases from the left to the right of the tables.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 135 Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 1999

Summary of results for 1999

Recent trends (Table 101) The broad total of drug-related deaths, as defined above, increased by 23 per cent from 276 in 1998 to 340 in 1999. Within this total the number of deaths of known or suspected drug addicts rose from 179 to 227, and the number of deaths of persons not known or suspected to be drug addicts rose from 97 to 113. Because of the relatively small numbers involved, and the possibility that more complete information is being reported, care should be taken when assessing the trends shown in this table. However, it is believed that the marked increase in the total for 1999 represents a significant real change.

Health board areas (Table 102) Of the 340 deaths covered by this analysis, 112 occurred in Greater Glasgow Health Board area. Grampian, with 42, and Lothian, with 38, had the next highest totals. In Greater Glasgow the number of deaths of those known or suspected to be drug-dependent rose from 71 in 1998 to 90 in 1999; Grampian, up from 14 to 26, also showed a sizeable increase. For other health board areas, the changes were less marked.

Age groups (Table 103) As in previous years the majority of deaths were of persons aged under 45, with almost two-thirds (65 per cent) aged between 25 and 44, and over a quarter (27 per cent) aged under 25. Of the 27 cases aged 45 and over, only 6 were known or suspected to be drug-dependent.

Types of drug (Table 104) Table 104 gives a breakdown by health board area of selected drugs involved in the deaths either alone or, more commonly, in combination with other drugs. Since the table records individual mentions of particular drugs it involves double counting of some deaths. The drugs listed in the table were mentioned in 237 of the 340 deaths. It is believed that for the overwhelming majority of cases where morphine has been identified in post-mortem toxicological tests, its presence is a result of heroin use. We have therefore chosen to show a combined figure for heroin/morphine. The table shows that heroin/morphine was involved in 163 (48 per cent) of the deaths analysed in this report. Diazepam was involved in 135 (40 per cent) of the deaths and methadone was involved in 62 (18 per cent). A wide range of drug combinations was recorded. Of particular note was the fact that diazepam was also mentioned in over half (84) of the 163 deaths involving heroin/morphine.

The table shows a marked geographical difference in the reported involvement of certain drugs in the deaths concerned. Methadone was involved in half of the 38 deaths in Lothian but in only one-sixth of the 112 deaths in Greater Glasgow. Conversely, heroin/morphine was mentioned in 69 of the 112 deaths in Greater Glasgow but in only 7 of the 38 deaths in Lothian. Of the benzodiazepines, diazepam was involved in many deaths throughout Scotland but temazepam was involved mainly in Greater Glasgow.

The presence of alcohol was mentioned for 96 of the 340 deaths covered by this analysis. The blood-alcohol level was not given for all cases but, where mentioned, it was often at a relatively low level.

References 1 Arrundale J and Cole S K. Collection of information on drug-related deaths by the General Register Office for Scotland. GROS, 1995. 2 Christopherson O, Rooney C and Kelly S. Drug-related mortality: methods and trends. Population Trends 93, ONS, 1998 3 The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. Reducing drug-related deaths. Home Office, 2000.

136 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 1999

General Register Office for Scotland Crown Office Confidential form to be completed in all deaths involving drugs, solvents or poisons

This information is essential for the correct coding and monitoring of drug-related deaths.

If you have any queries about the form or its completion, please contact Graham Jackson, telephone 0131 314 4229.

Please complete the form and return it, in the pre-paid addressed envelope provided, to: Vital Events Branch General Register Office for Scotland Ladywell House Ladywell Road Edinburgh EH12 7TF ______

Name of deceased

Date of birth Date of death

Place of death Usual residence ______Questions (please tick)

1 Was alcohol involved in this death? Yes No Not Known If “Yes” what was the blood/alcohol level in mg/100ml?

2 If any other drugs or solvents were involved in this death, please specify the principal drug or solvent found in a fatal dose [ If NONE go to Question 9 ]

3 Please specify any other drugs or solvents involved in this death.

4 Was the deceased a known or suspected habitual drug or solvent abuser? Yes No Not Known [ If YES go to Question 7 ]

5 Was the deceased a novice or experimenting drug or solvent abuser? Yes No Not Known [ If YES go to Question 7 ]

6 Was there any evidence from the police report or autopsy of a long-standing drug or solvent-abusing history?

Yes No Not Known N/A

7 Do you believe this overdose to have been: accidental suicidal homicidal or unknown/uncertain?

8 Were the drugs prescribed to the deceased? Yes No Not Known N/A

9 Any other comments or information which may help in coding this death?

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 137 Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 1999

101 Drug-related deaths : 1994 - 1999

Persons Persons not known or not suspected to be drug dependent known or 1 suspected Opiates etc. Two One Drug Total to be or drug 3 not more stated drug- 2 dependent drugs

1994 139 34 7 55 12 247 1995 155 14 9 53 20 251 1996 172 15 9 38 33 267 1997 142 32 18 45 26 263 1998 179 30 7 37 23 276 1999 227 30 7 45 31 340

1 Key Opiates (e.g. morphine, heroin, methadone, pethidine) and illegal drugs (e.g. cocaine, ecstasy, LSD). 2 Two or more drugs in therapeutic use (excluding ‘Opiates etc.’). 3 Single drug in therapeutic use (excluding ‘Opiates etc.’).

Source : General Register Office for Scotland.

102 Drug-related deaths : 1999 health board of residence

Persons Persons not known or not suspected to be drug dependent known or suspected Opiates etc. 1 Two One Drug Total to be or drug 3 not more stated drug- 2 dependent drugs

Scotland 227 30 7 45 31 340

Argyll & Clyde 25- 1 2 1 29 Ayrshire & Arran 9 2 1 8 9 29 Borders ------Dumfries & Galloway 4 1 - 1 3 9 Fife 8 1 - 1 1 11 Forth Valley 7 1 2 2 7 19 Grampian 26 7 1 6 2 42 Greater Glasgow 90 5 - 12 5 112 Highland 1 4 - 3 - 8 Lanarkshire 164 1 4 2 27 Lothian 28 5 - 4 1 38 Orkney -- - 1 - 1 Shetland ------Tayside 12 - 1 1 - 14 Western Isles 1 - - - - 1

Source : General Register Office for Scotland.

103 Drug-related deaths : 1999 age group

Persons Persons not known or not suspected to be drug dependent known or 1 suspected Opiates etc. Two One Drug Total to be or drug 3 not more stated drug- 2 dependent drugs

All ages 227 30 7 45 31 340

Under 25 74 9 2 3 5 93 25 - 44 147 20 4 30 19 220 45 and over 6 1 1 12 7 27

Source : General Register Office for Scotland.

138 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 1999

104 Number of deaths involving selected drugs 1 : 1999 health board of residence

Heroin / Diazepam Methadone Temazepam Ecstasy Cocaine Morphine

Scotland 163 135 62 52 11 7

Argyll & Clyde 20 17 1 7 - - Ayrshiire & Arran 7 7 4 1 - - Borders ------Dumfries & Galloway 5 2 - 1 - - Fife 6 - 1 - 1 - Forth Valley 4 - - - - - Grampian 25 14 7 5 4 1 Greater Glasgow 69 58 19 33 3 2 Highland 3 2 1 - - - Lanarkshire 16 6 3 2 1 1 Lothian 7 19 19 3 1 2 Orkney ------Shetland ------Tayside 1 9 7 - 1 - Western Isles - 1 - - - 1

1 Individual deaths often involved more than one of these drugs. The numbers given are mentions of the drug and should not be added to give total deaths.

Source : General Register Office for Scotland.

Notes on table headings

Table heading Persons known or Persons not known or suspected to be suspected to be drug-dependent drug-dependent

ICD-9 codes 304 E850-E858 (accidental) & E980 (undetermined)

Drugs included All except solvents Opiates etc. Key opiates (e.g. morphine, heroin, methadone, pethidine) (ICD9 3046 and illegal drugs (e.g. cocaine, ecstasy, LSD)

Two or more Two or more drugs in therapeutic use (excluding “opiates etc.”) drugs

One drug Single drug in therapeutic use (excluding “opiates etc.”)

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 139 Drug education in schools, 1999/00

chapter 14 Drug education in schools, 1999/00

This chapter presents the results of the first annual survey on drug education in schools.

In January 2000, local authorities in Scotland were asked to collect information on the drug education provided by all of the schools under their control. Each school was required to give details of whether they provided drug education, what type of drug education they provided and also their procedures for managing incidents of drug misuse. Around the same time, all other schools in Scotland (i.e. independent, grant-aided and opted-out schools) were also asked to provide similar details of their drug education policies and procedures.

Drugs are defined as mood changing substances including medicine, alcohol, tobacco, solvents and controlled drugs such as, for example cannabis, cocaine and heroin.

A school is defined as providing drug education to each pupil if every pupil who stays at that school from start to finish will receive drug education at some point. To provide progression and continuity, it would be expected that each pupil would receive drug education at several stages during their time at a particular school.

Responses were obtained from 95 per cent of local authority schools and 77 per cent of other schools. The survey covers all primary, secondary and special schools but not pre-school education centres.

The main findings are:

Ninety-five per cent of schools in Scotland provide drug education. Ninety-six per cent of local authority schools do so compared with 88 per cent of other schools (Table 105). All secondary schools which responded to the survey said that they provided drug education while 96 and 75 per cent of responding primary and special schools, respectively, said they did so (Table 105). Ninety-three per cent of schools provide drug education covering tobacco while 86 per cent provide education involving controlled drugs. Drug education covering alcohol, tobacco, solvents and controlled drugs is provided by a larger proportion of secondary schools than primary schools. However, 91 per cent of primary schools provide drug education involving safe use of medicine compared to 74 per cent of secondary schools (Table 105). Over 90 per cent of local authority schools provide drug education which is in line with current national advice while 74 per cent of other schools do so (Table 106). In just under 85 per cent of schools, each pupil will be provided with drug education. This varies greatly by type of school, from 58 per cent of special schools to 84 and 97 per cent of primary and secondary schools, respectively (Table 107). Fifty-six per cent of local authority schools have written procedures for managing incidents of drug misuse while a further 14 per cent have such procedures in preparation. In the case of other schools, these figures are 40 and 24 per cent, respectively (Table 108). Just over half of local authority schools have written procedures for managing incidents of drug misuse which are in line with current national advice while just over a third of other schools have such procedures (Table 109).

140 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Drug education in schools 1999/2000

105 Percentage of schools which provide drug education and the types of drug education involved : 1999/00

Percentage of Percentage of schools which provide drug education on : schools which provide Safe use of medicine Alcohol Tobacco Solvents Controlled drugs drug education Sector/type of school

Local authority schools Total 96 88 91 94 88 87 Primary 96 92 91 95 88 87 Secondary 100 74 100 99 98 99 Special 73 66 64 66 59 57

All other schools 1,2 Total 88 75 86 87 83 83 Primary 80 78 75 76 69 69 Secondary 100 76 100 100 100 100 Special 84 69 84 84 81 81

All schools 2 Total 95 87 91 93 88 86 Primary 96 91 91 94 88 86 Secondary 100 74 100 100 98 99 Special 75 66 67 69 63 61

1 Covers independent schools and a small number of grant-aided and opted-out schools. 2 Schools which have both primary and secondary departments are counted under both categories.

Source : The Scottish Executive Education Department.

106 Percentage of schools which provide drug education which is in line with current national advice 1 : 1999/00

Sector/type of school Total Primary Secondary Special

Local authority schools 90 91 95 67

All other schools 2,3 74 65 80 78

All schools 3 89 90 93 69

1 Current national advice on drug education is set out in the following: a How Good is our School? (The Scottish Office, 1996) - performance indicator 1.2 (quality of course or programme). b A Route to Health Promotion - self evaluation using performance indicators (Scottish Executive, 1999). c HELP UP-DATE on drug and nutrition education (SCCC Curriculum File No 9) d 5-14 national guidelines on health education. 2 Covers independent schools and a small number of grant-aided and opted-out schools. 3 Schools which have both primary and secondary departments are counted under both categories.

Source : The Scottish Executive Education Department.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 141 Drug education in schools, 1999/00

107 Percentage of schools where each pupil will receive drug education : 1999/00

Percentage of schools which provide drug education where:

Each pupil will receive Each pupil will receive drug education which provides progression and drug education 3 continuity in their learning as they move through the school 4 Sector/type of school

Local authority schools Total 85 71 Primary 85 69 Secondary 98 93 Special 53 48

All other schools 1,2 Total 80 69 Primary 71 62 Secondary 90 78 Special 81 69

All schools 2 Total 84 71 Primary 84 69 Secondary 97 92 Special 58 52

1 Covers independent schools and a small number of grant-aided and opted-out schools. 2 Schools which have both primary and secondary departments are counted under both categories. 3 A school is defined as providing drug education to each pupil if every pupil who stays at that school “from start to finish” will receive drug education at some point. 4 To provide “progression and continuity”, it would be expected that each pupil would receive drug education at several stages during their time at a particular school.

Source : Scottish Executive Education Department.

108 Percentage of schools with written procedures for managing incidents of drug misuse : 1999/00

Schools which have Schools where written Schools which do not written procedures procedures are have written procedures in preparation and such procedures are not in preparation Sector/type of school

Local authority schools

Total 56 14 30 Primary 51 14 35 Secondary 78 13 8 Special 65 11 24

All other schools 1,2

Total 40 24 36 Primary 31 24 45 Secondary 55 20 24 Special 31 31 38

All schools 2 Total 55 14 31 Primary 51 14 35 Secondary 76 14 10 Special 60 15 26

1 Covers independent schools and a small number of grant-aided and opted-out schools. 2 Schools which have both primary and secondary departments are counted under both categories.

Source : Scottish Executive Education Department.

142 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Drug education in schools, 1999/00

109 Percentage of schools with written procedures for managing incidents of drug misuse which are in line with current national advice 1 : 1999/00

Sector/type of school Total Primary Secondary Special

Local authority schools 53 49 75 64

All other schools 2,3 35 25 49 28

All schools 3 52 48 72 58

1 Current national advice on managing incidents of drugs misuse is set out in the following: a. HMI reports : Issues in health education and promotion (1996) and Drug and nutrition education (1999). b. HELP UP-DATE 1998. 2 Covers independent schools and a small number of grant-aided and opted-out schools. 3 Schools which have both primary and secondary departments are counted under both categories.

Source : Scottish Executive Education Department.

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 143 144 Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 Contact names for data sources

Contact names for data sources

1 Scottish Drug Misuse Information Strategy 8 Prescription statistics

Information & Statistics Division Information & Statistics Division The National Health Service in Scotland The National Health Service in Scotland Trinity Park House Trinity Park House Edinburgh EH5 3SQ Edinburgh EH5 3SQ

Telephone : 0131 551 8686 Telephone : 0131 551 8759

2 Scottish Drug Misuse Database 9 Seizures of controlled drugs

Information & Statistics Division Crime and Criminal Justice Unit The National Health Service in Scotland Home Office Research and Statistics Directorate Trinity Park House Room 844 Edinburgh EH5 3SQ 50 Queen Anne’s Gate London SW1H 9AT Telephone : 0131 551 8715 Telephone : 0207 273 3266

3 Regional Drug Misuse Databases 10 Drug-related offences recorded and court proceedings Department of Health Skipton House The Scottish Executive Justice Department 80 London Road Saughton House London SE1 6LH Broomhouse Drive Edinburgh EH11 3XD Telephone : 0207 972 5551 Telephone : 0131 244 2752

4 Hospital inpatient information 11 Drug misuse in Scottish prisons Information & Statistics Division The National Health Service in Scotland Scottish Prison Service Trinity Park House Calton House Edinburgh EH5 3SQ 5 Redheughs Rigg Edinburgh EH12 9HW Telephone : 0131 551 8011 Telephone : 0131 244 8588

5 Drug misuse in pregnancy 12 Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 1999 Information & Statistics Division The National Health Service in Scotland General Register Office for Scotland Trinity Park House Ladywell House Edinburgh EH5 3SQ Ladywell Road Edinburgh EH12 7TF Telephone : 0131 551 8375 Telephone : 0131 314 4229

6 Information from general practice (CMR) 13 Drug education in schools, 1999/00 Information & Statistics Division The National Health Service in Scotland The Scottish Executive Education Department Trinity Park House Victoria Quay Edinburgh EH5 3SQ Edinburgh EH6 6QQ

Telephone : 0131 551 8808 Telephone : 0131 244 0322

7 HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

The Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health (SCIEH) Clifton House Clifton Place Glasgow G3 7CN

Telephone : 0141 300 1100

Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000 145 Visit the National website www.drugmisuse.isdscotland.org

For too long we have suffered from a fragmented approach “ to tackling drugs. This site will be a one-stop shop, a first port of call for anyone seeking reliable information. Everyone, from the public to workers in the field to the Executive itself, serves to benefit from access to the research reports, discussion forums and media comment on the website. ” Deputy Justice Minister, Angus MacKay, launching the site on 30 May 2000.

Links to key policy documents and reports produced by the Scottish Executive and others

Online discussion and consultation

Latest media news : stories with links to online services

For more information about the Scottish Drug Misuse Database

Whats New on this site : highlights and a full archive Links to other widely used websites in Scotland and worldwide

Published figures and reports on what we know about drug use in Scotland. Includes full PDF version of Drugs Misuse Statistics Scotland 2000.