: Voices from the Disaster Page by Page Reading Plans Author: Deborah Hopkinson Pages: 304, Lexile: 1040 Plans written by Mara Truslow

Vocabulary List & Definitions Page #s Vocabulary Foreward Glorious ü Striking Beauty ü Brings admiration Foreward Maiden Voyage ü The first voyage of a ship Foreward Examined ü Inspect with detail to determine the condition of something 2 First Class ü The Titanic was split into three classes. 1st class was the most expensive to travel in and also carried social status. 2 Masterpiece ü Outstanding artistry, skill, or mastery 3 Transatlantic ü Crossing the Atlantic Ocean 7 Life Belt ü Life a life vest, a flotation device 16 Recall ü Remember, bring back into your mind 16 Culmination ü The climax of something 18 Suppressed ü Try to prevent from happening, trying to suppress anger 26 Resigned ü AQepting that something undesirable cannot be changed 26 Spry ü Active or Lively 27 Amateur ü A person just beginning an activity or a job

32 Promenade ü Top deck of the ship where you could walk out for fresh air ü Q: Like a porch or a deck attached to a house

32 Regulated ü Control of supervise with rules and consequences ü Q: Like the discipline system at NP 36 Watertight ü A compartment so water cannot enter 37 Fateful ü Having disastrous consequences

Written by Mara Truslow 1 41 Custom ü A traditional or widely aQepted way of acting 43 Furnace ü A structure where material can be heated to very high temperatures

47 Sophisticated ü Worldly experience, fashion, culture 53 Hymns ü A religious song or poem 53 Shuddered ü Temple or shake because of the cold 56 Crows Nest ü A platform near the top of the mast for lookout 57 Transmitter (noun) ü Equipment that sends messages or signals. ü Define

59 Iceberg (noun) ü A large, floating mass of ice. 90% of an iceberg is under water. Invariably (adverb) 61 ü In every case, always. ü Define

62 Bridge ü An elevated, enclosed platform on a ship where the captain and officers direct operations. ü Define

65 Head On Collision ü The front of two cars hit each other. The worst type of collision. ü Q: What happens when 2 cars on the highway hit each other? 70 Stern/Bow ü The back and front of a ship. ü Define

70 Watertight Door ü On a ship, a door that can close to try and stop water if a ship may sink.

73 Jolt ü Push or shake. 76 Commotion

ü Agitation, noisy disturbance

ü Q “But immediately following the collision came a great noise of steam, but there was no mistaking something happened.”

Written by Mara Truslow 2

82 Steward ü Person who looks after passengers on a ship.

83 Jolt ü Push or shake. ü Q: Show motion, describe an airplane landing. 83 Commotion

ü Agitation, noisy disturbance

ü Q: “But immediately following the collision came a great noise of

steam, but there was no mistaking something happened.”

92 Steward ü Person who looks after passengers on a ship. 97 Who helps you on an airplane? Who cleans hotel rooms? Marconi Wireless Operator ü Marconi was the father of the radio. ü Q “Phillips radioed back a terse message.” ü What do you send wirelessly today?

105 Immigrated ü Come to live in a foreign country. 105 Triumphant ü Victorious, suQessful ü Q: “Instead of a triumphant arrival in NYC carrying hopeful families.” o Other words are positive. First voyage to NYC.

105 Lifeboat ü A small boat kept on a larger ship in case of emergency. ü Decode: Life + Boat

111 Pale ü Definition: Light skin, not exposed to lots of light.

124 Slant ü Define: Slope or lean in a particular direction. ü The Titanic was slanting downward and people were falling off of it. (Model).

128 Suction ü Definition: A vacuum where something is removed by force.

Written by Mara Truslow 3 ü What does a vacuum do? As the Titanic sank, it sucked water into the hull and into the ocean. 129 Sublime ü Definition: So beautiful that people are in awe of it. ü What’s something so beautiful you saw that you couldn’t believe it was real? 133 Lashings ü Definition: Whipping, with a rope. ü Q: If the ropes lashed a passenger when they flew about in the

flurry of water, what did they do? 136 Gasped ü Definition: Inhale with mouth open. ü Model for students 137 Straining ü Definition: Force with an unusually great effort. ü If passengers were straining to get out of the water and onto a

lifeboat, What would that look like?

142 Funnel ü Definition: A metal chimney on a ship.

ü Q: What is a chimney used for?

143 Eerie ü Definition: Strange and frightening.

ü Prompt: An eerie Halloween night. There were ghosts and goblins all

150 about. Stupefying ü Definition: Make someone unable to think properly. ü Q: If the passengers on the Titanic were stupefied that it was sinking, how did they feel?

Written by Mara Truslow 4 Page # Summary of Page Inferences Students Confusing Content that Need to Make Students May Misunderstand Forward The Titanic is still a The Titanic was a cruise Won’t Understand What the fascinating shipwreck ship and is historically Titanic was and who was on 100 years later significant because it it. because questions was on it’s first voyage ü What kind of ship was the about how and why from England. Titanic? (Flip to diagram on the ship sank are still next page). asked. ü What are passengers? ü What other kinds of ships do you know about? Why is the Titanic historically significant? ü Which voyage was the Titanic on? ü How many people died? 2 Frank Browne was a 32- The 2nd and 3rd Class Students won’t understand year-old teacher trains left for that the trains went from traveling on the Titanic London to Southampton because his Uncle (departure city) first because people traveled bought him a First Class because 1st Class paid from all over Europe to sail on ticket. the most money and the Titanic and had to get to got the best treatment. Port of Call first. ü Why are there trains taking people to Southampton? ü Find evidence that defines the “Titanic Special.” 3 The shipbuilders J Bruce Ismay was the The International Mercantile Harland and Wolff built Managing Director of Maritime Company is not the Titanic, but it was , which related to the White Star Line. part of White Star Line was the company that ü Who was the President of company. J. Bruce owned the Titanic and the IMM? Ismay was the built other luxury cruise ü Why was it a problem that managing director of ships. J. Bruce Ismay was White Star Line and onboard the Titanic? was on the Titanic when it set sail. (4-5 are The titanic was one of White Star Line built The Titanic cost $7.5 million pictures) three sister ships in the massive luxury liners but dollars to build, in 1912 dollars. 6 Olympic class of ships the ships in the Olympic ü What is inflation? Can you that White Star Line class did not fare well in buy as much with a dollar built. The first ship built the ocean. now as you could in 1912.? was the Olympic and it sank in WWI. 7 The Titanic was built in The Titanic was , Ireland and incredibly expensive to 15,000 workers built the build, which is reflected

Written by Mara Truslow 5 Titanic. in the number of workers who built the ship. (8-9 are Experience Captain Since the Titanic sank, it The ship was not staffed with pictures) Edward J. Smith was in was a huge issue that people who knew what to do 10 charge of the Titanic. only 50 crewmembers in an emergency. Only 50 of the crew were experience on the ü What would happen if you were experienced ocean. This means that were on a cruise ship that seamen. few people knew what started sinking and the to do when the ship was only people who were sinking. there to help were hotel staff? (10 is a The Titanic carried a The Titanic had so many The Titanic carried supplies picture) massive amount of supplies because in and luxury items to the United 12 food and luxury items 1912, it was the fastest States because it was the onboard. way to get items across most efficient means of was a 24-year-old the Atlantic Ocean. transportation. stewardess who had ü Why would the Titanic experience on the carry a car onboard? Olympic. (13-14 was The crew of a ship also A crew would live on a ship are the designer of the lives on the ship. They because there is no where pictures) Titanic and was well have their own quarters else to go and the quarters 15 loved by shipworkers that are often cramped would be cramped because like Violet Jessop. He because the ship is there are almost as many made improvements intended to serve the crew as passengers. from the Olympic, passengers. ü Why would the crew live at especially for the crew. the bottom of the ship? ü Why did the crew love Thomas Andrews?

16 Thomas Andrews was Andrews wrote a letter hard working and to his wife the night frequently interacted before the maiden with the crew. He was voyage and said, proud of the Titanic, “when we sail,” implying and planned to sail on that he would be on the the maiden voyage. ship for the maiden voyage. 17 Second Officer Sailing on the Titanic The Titanic was a symbol of Lightoller said it took was a symbol of class status and wealth. him two weeks to find and wealth. Hopkinson ü Using evidence about the his way around the says the Titanic created features of the ship, why Titanic because it was a great stir in British would it be prestigious to so large. There was circles. sail on the Titanic? tremendous

Written by Mara Truslow 6 excitement as the Titanic set sail on its maiden voyage. 18 When the Titanic left The New York broke free New York almost hit the Titanic the harbor in from harbor because because the harbor was not Southampton, a the Titanic was so large built for a ship as large as the smaller ship (New York) and caused waves in Titanic. broke free from port the harbor. ü Why did the Titanic almost and nearly hit the hit the New York? Titanic. The Titanic also stopped in two places and picked up more passengers. (19-20 Of the passengers There were fewer All passengers were treated are onboard the ship, the passengers in 1st class the same. pictures) vast majority were in 3rd because it was more ü Predict: What do you think 21 Class. Frank Browne got expensive and is the difference between off the ship at the stop prestigious. Most 1st class and 3rd class? in Ireland, which is why passengers in 3rd class ü Why do you think 1st class there are photos of were Irish immigrants passengers were on the passengers on the headed to the United ship? 3rd class? Titanic today. States. 22-23 Three siblings sailing on The children make it The Titanic was so large that it (Letter) the Titanic sent their seem like the ship is so couldn’t possibly seem parents a letter saying large and safe that it is unsafe. the ship was like a like a floating city. ü Why would the Titanic feel floating city and not to so safe to passengers? worry about them. 24 Harvey Collier sent a The Titanic was of an The Titanic dwarfed other postcard from Ireland unprecedented size ships. that detailed the fun that made ships a few ü How did the Titanic look in his family was having so years old look miniature. comparison to ships that far on the Titanic. They were a few years older? were not worried about safety at all. (25 is a 2nd Class passenger The 2nd class passengers A gym on a ship is not special. picture) got could only see the gym ü Do you think gyms were 26 to visit the 1st class before departure. After, common in 1912? quarters before the all of the classes did not ü What kind of gym Titanic launched. There mix. equipment do you think was a gym onboard they had? with sophisticated gym equipment. 27 1st class cabins were Those who booked 1st luxurious and included class cabins were very the finest woods and wealthy because the

Written by Mara Truslow 7 metals. cabins were incredibly expensive. (28-29 Charlotte Cardeza The Titanic was a sign of Everyone on the ship was are stayed in the most luxury and the wealthy. pictures) expensive room in 1st passengers on the ship ü What’s the difference 30 class. She traveled with lived luxurious lifestyles. between 1st class and 3rd 14 pieces of luggage class? and $30,000 in jewelry. ü Did difference passengers have different reasons for sailing on the Titanic? What were they?

32 The Promenade While it was not illegal to There was a “good” reason deck was for light have too few lifeboats, there weren’t enough strolling and it could have saved lifeboats. contained the 1600 lives if there had ü Was there enough space captains quarters. It been more lifeboats for more lifeboats? was also home to because there was ü Why do you think there the lifeboats that enough space. weren’t enough lifeboats? could only hold half the passengers. 33 The Promenade 1st class passengers had deck was only open special privileges in to 1st Class terms of where they passengers. could go on the Titanic. 34 The Grand Staircase was the pride of the Titanic and was only open to 1st class passengers. 36 The ship was A watertight bulkhead Why would 1st class be at the separated by class, should stop or slow top of the ship and 3rd at the with 3rd class at the down a ship from bottom? bottom of the ship sinking. and 1st class at the top. The watertight bulkheads (doors) also rose high into the ship. 37 First Class The food choices were passengers enjoyed available because the fine dining in a room ship was stocked with below the Grand food before it left the Staircase. Nine-year- port. (Connection to the old Frankie supplies loaded in Ch. Goldsmith was 1). traveling in third

Written by Mara Truslow 8 class. (38-39 are Frankie Goldsmith’s Cabins in 3rd class were The Titanic was divided by photos) 40 family was traveling simple. Passengers in 3rd classes, which meant that the to America to meet class traveled with a passengers could only up with his mother’s purpose (ie to meet interact with those in their family. Frankie was family, restart in class. in 3rd class, as were America), while most 1st ü Why was Frankie’s family most passengers on class passengers one of the first to board board the Titanic. traveled for leisure/ the Titanic? social status. 41 Frankie enjoyed The “black gang” was The men who worked in the wandering around covered in coal dust boiler room were close to the the 3rd class cabin because the boiler third class passengers area by the boilers rooms powered the because both were at the and watched the engines in the Titanic. bottom of the ship. “black gang,” the ü Why were the 3rd class coalers who had passengers able to see been in the boiler the men in the boiler rooms all day. room? (42 is a There were 159 The Titanic was coal Men needed to power the picture) 43 furnaces on the powered. This meant engines because different Titanic and four that the furnaces engines use different types of steam funnels on the powered the engines energy (heat, electrical) top of the ship. for the ship. ü Why would you use heat energy in the middle of the ocean?

(44-45 Esther, a 1st class Most passengers Ships roll when they are on are passenger on the believed the Titanic was the ocean. pictures) Titanic, wrote a letter to unsinkable. ü Why would a larger ship 46 her family saying the be more comfortable to Titanic was so large she sail on? couldn’t feel the ocean while on the ship. 47 was on It is important to the ship with his parents understand that officials sailing in 1st Class. He on the ship knew they heard from J. Bruce were entering an ice Ismay on Sunday that field on Sunday. the Titanic would enter ice fields that night. 48 Jack Thayer met Milton We must assumer that Why would Jack talk to Long on the Titanic and Jack survived the Milton’s parents? wrote to his parents shipwreck because he ü Why can we assume that after the shipwreck. communicated with Jack survived and Milton Milton’s parents. died?

Written by Mara Truslow 9 49 In 1st Class, there was a Where was the swimming swimming pool in the pool in the ship? ship, which was a new (Have Ss look on page 50 for luxury in 1912. a picture of the swimming pool.)

52 There were also Turkish The author says it was a Why would Colonel Gracie be baths on the Titanic. good thing that Colonel happy that he went to bed Frankie Goldsmith was Gracie went to bed early? wanted in the Pursor’s early. This is office, which was like foreshadowing the fate the Hotel Manager. of the Titanic. 53 In 2nd class, Lawrence The author is using the Why was it the first time many Beesley sat in the glamor of Sunday night of the ladies wore their library on Sunday. The to foreshadow the Parisian gowns? 1st class dining room . was full of beautiful gowns on Sunday evening. (54-55 Passengers didn’t feel It is important to note pictures) like they were in the how cold it was on 56 middle of the ocean Sunday evening because of the luxury because it is the night they felt. It was cold the Titanic sank. but the sky was clear outside. 57 There was a crow’s The Marconi system was What other wireless nest manned 24 hours likely important as the communication do we use a day. The ship also ship was sinking and today? had a Marconi system help was solicited. Why would the Marconi that could send system be useful on the messages wirelessly. Titanic?

59 A Marconigram was a The ability to send How did the messages to get message sent wirelessly Marconigrams was people if they were transmitted from the ship to important for in the air? another ship. The passengers, but also for Titanic received the ice warnings ahead. Find a comparison in the text: warnings of ice coming “Sending a Marconigram was a ahead. little like sending a text message while on vacation today.” 60 The Titanic received an The Titanic ignored the Why did the Titanic ignore MSG message, which warnings of ice from warnings of ice? came from the captain other ships. This shows ü Think back to what people of another ship saying the leadership on the said about the ship before their was ice in the ship had some type of it sailed. Titanic’s path. Ismay issue. ü Why would Ismay show

Written by Mara Truslow 10 wasn’t worried about the message to other the warnings of ice, passengers? despite several warnings from other “Ismay didn’t seem to be ships. worried about the warnings.” 61 Captain EJ Smith was A calm night is actually Why does wind make icebergs having dinner with Jack more challenging for visible? Thayer’s parents, but sailing because it is ü “Both officers knew that left to go back to the difficult to see objects in without a breeze to bridge. The sea was the ocean. create ripples, icebergs calm and it was would be difficult to see.” freezing outside, which was an issue because wind makes icebergs visible. 62 Captain Smith told The author tells us about Make a predication about why Lightoller he would be Smith’s experiences the Captain didn’t spot the able to see an iceberg. because she is setting iceberg. Smith also thought his up the reader to ü “A growler is really the experience on the sea understand how worst form of ice.” was also quite surprising the iceberg uneventful. was. 63 Smith was confident that is a large enough iceberg appeared, he would see it in time. 65 Lightoller gave the What if the message Why didn’t the message from direction for the men in made it to the captain? the Mesaba make it to the the crow’s nest to keep This could have Captain? a lookout for ice. A changed the fate of the ü “Yet this message didn’t message from another Titanic. contain the prefix MSG, ship stating dense ice marking it a priority fields ahead never message.” made it to the bridge. 68 The captain didn’t None of the officers Were the weather conditions order for the ship to go took the warnings getting better or worse as the any slower, even seriously. Was it due to a night went on? though a ship as large lack of ü “Along with the calm, flat as the Titanic is difficult communication? Do we sea, a haze could make to turn. At 11:40, the have the information to spotting ice even more lookouts said iceberg know what happened? difficult.” straight ahead. 69 The iceberg right The First Officer How much time did the ship’s ahead was reported as probably believed that officers have after they spotted soon as it was spotted. the Titanic would not be the iceberg? First Officer Murdoch as damaged if he ü “Each second was critical, had decide what to turned the ship to hit on and there wouldn’t be

Written by Mara Truslow 11 do, and he didn’t want the side of hull. many of them.” to hit the iceberg head on. 70 -71 Murdoch tried to turn The Titanic was so large Why was it difficult to stop the the ship to the right it was almost impossible Titanic from hitting the iceberg? and ordered that all to steer the ship away ü “The Titanic was a 46,000 the engines should be from the iceberg ton object moving at 38 shut off. because it already had feet a second.” momentum in the ü “The seconds ticked by. 37 water. seconds in all.”

73 Water began pouring The lower right side of into the hull. The the ship was most watertight doors were damaged by the closed, and men in the iceberg. The water furnace rooms began started pouring into the to go higher in the ship near the waterline. ships. 74 The captain did the The Captain started the Why didn’t they find the severity of the damage engines right after the damage right away? when he hit the collision. He hoped to ü “But it was a large ship iceberg. The collision get back into a harbor and he needed more woke Ismay up, and safely. information.” spoke with Captain Smith right away. Captain Smith started the engines again. 76 The Marconi operators If the bottom of the ship Why would the ship order the woke up after the was leaking water, it ship to stop after he saw the crash. Captain Smith means that the water water coming into the ship? told them to wait to would slowly seep up ü “The mail hold was filling send out a message for and cause the ship to with seawater.” help. Smith also found sink. ü Because as the ship out that water was moved forward, it took in leaking into the more water. mailroom. 77 Lawrence Beesley was Were the employees on the ship reading when the concerned? Titanic hit the iceberg. ü “The answer the steward He went out to the gave him was similar to deck to determine what many passengers what happened, but first heard, “I don’t no one seemed suppose it is anything concerned. much.”

78 Lawrence joked with The bow is the front part Why is it bad if the bow of a ship other passengers in the of the ship. is tipping? smoke room about why ü “It was hard to describe, Written by Mara Truslow 12 the ship stopped. Then, but something was he went back to his definitely wrong.” room but felt the bow ü If the bow is tipping, the tipping. boat would be slowly sinking.

79 Second class They weren’t worried passenger Charlotte about the crash Collyer woke up when because they had a the Titanic hit the preconceived notion iceberg. She and her that that Titanic was husband weren’t unsinkable. worried about the crash though. 80 How big does the iceberg look? (Picture) How does an iceberg form in the middle of the ocean? 81 Lawrence Beesley Why would an officer say there noticed something was no safety issue when water was wrong when was filling the boat? engines were turned ü No one believed the ship off. Daniel tried to go would sink. back to his cabin but water was blocking the way. 82 Colonel Gracie could We know the Titanic What were the passengers not figure out what sank, but why wasn’t concerned about immediately had happened. He there a panic right after the Titanic hit an iceberg? believed the Titanic hit after it struck the ü One person had an iceberg, but didn’t iceberg? apparently spotted the see how it was ü No one believed iceberg itself; someone else possible on such a how dire the passed a rumor that the clear night. situation was. mail room was flooded.”

83 Colonel Gracie Why would Smith and noticed the ship Andrews go to the leaning to one side. engine room? Jack Thayer went to ü To survey the the deck to see what damage was happening. A stewardess saw Andrews and Smith go down to the engine room. 84 The water rose into the The Titanic would sink Why did Thomas Andrews know ship 14 feet in 10 so quickly, despite the the ship better than anyone

Written by Mara Truslow 13 minutes. The severe watertight doors, else? damage was because the water ü “Andrews had been overwhelming. was coming in so involved with the building Thomas Andrews quickly. of the ship since the knew the ship would beginning.” sink in hours and there were not enough lifeboats on the boat to save all passengers. 85 The Titanic only had 1.5 hours to get lifeboats ready and passengers off the ship. 86-87 What is a wheelhouse used for? Pictures Who would work in the wheelhouse? 88 The Titanic was What is a bulkhead? supposed to be ü “Sixteen main unsinkable. There compartments, separated were 16 by walls or partitions.” compartments of the ship, with bulkheads Why didn’t the bulkhead doors (heavy doors) to stop work? leaks. But the damage ü “The damage from the was also from the iceberg was simply too bottom of the ship. spread out.”

89 The water was coming Which part of the ship flooded in through the front of with water first? the ship (the bow), ü “As the first compartments which caused stress of the ship filled from on the rest of the ship. below, the weight of the The water poured water pulled the ship over the bulkheads. down.”

62 Captain Smith told The author tells us about Make a predication about why Lightoller he would be Smith’s experiences the Captain didn’t spot the able to see an iceberg. because she is setting iceberg. Smith also thought his up the reader to ü “A growler is really the experience on the sea understand how worst form of ice.” was also quite surprising the iceberg uneventful. was. 63 Smith was confident that is a large enough iceberg appeared, he Written by Mara Truslow 14 would see it in time. 65 Lightoller gave the What if the message Why didn’t the message from the direction for the men in made it to the captain? Mesaba make it to the Captain? the crow’s nest to keep This could have ü “Yet this message didn’t a lookout for ice. A changed the fate of the contain the prefix MSG, message from another Titanic. marking it a priority ship stating dense ice message.” fields ahead never made it to the bridge. 68 The captain didn’t None of the officers Were the weather conditions order for the ship to go took the warnings getting better or worse as the any slower, even seriously. Was it due to a night went on? though a ship as large lack of ü “Along with the calm, flat as the Titanic is difficult communication? Do we sea, a haze could make to turn. At 11:40, the have the information to spotting ice even more lookouts said iceberg know what happened? difficult.” straight ahead.

69 The iceberg right The First Officer How much time did the ship’s ahead was reported as probably believed that officers have after they spotted soon as it was spotted. the Titanic would not be the iceberg? First Officer Murdoch as damaged if he ü “Each second was critical, had decide what to turned the ship to hit on and there wouldn’t be do, and he didn’t want the side of hull. many of them.” to hit the iceberg head on. 70 - Murdoch tried to turn The Titanic was so large Why was it difficult to stop the 71 the ship to the right it was almost impossible Titanic from hitting the iceberg? and ordered that all to steer the ship away ü “The Titanic was a 46,000 the engines should be from the iceberg ton object moving at 38 shut off. because it already had feet a second.” momentum in the ü “The seconds ticked by. 37 water. seconds in all.”

73 Water began pouring The lower right side of into the hull. The the ship was most watertight doors were damaged by the closed, and men in the iceberg. The water furnace rooms began started pouring into the to go higher in the ship near the waterline. ships. 74 The captain did the The Captain started the Why didn’t they find the damage severity of the damage engines right after the right away? when he hit the collision. He hoped to ü “But it was a large ship and iceberg. The collision get back into a harbor he needed more woke Ismay up, and safely. information.” spoke with Captain Written by Mara Truslow 15 Smith right away. Captain Smith started the engines again. 76 The Marconi operators If the bottom of the ship Why would the ship order the ship woke up after the was leaking water, it to stop after he saw the water crash. Captain Smith means that the water coming into the ship? told them to wait to would slowly seep up ü “The mail hold was filling send out a message for and cause the ship to with seawater.” help. Smith also found sink. ü Because as the ship moved out that water was forward, it took in more leaking into the water. mailroom. 77 Lawrence Beesley was Were the employees on the ship reading when the concerned? Titanic hit the iceberg. ü “The answer the steward He went out to the gave him was similar to deck to determine what many passengers first what happened, but heard, “I don’t suppose it is no one seemed anything much.” concerned. 78 Lawrence joked with The bow is the front part Why is it bad if the bow of a ship other passengers in the of the ship. is tipping? smoke room about why ü “It was hard to describe, the ship stopped. Then, but something was he went back to his definitely wrong.” room but felt the bow ü If the bow is tipping, the tipping. boat would be slowly sinking.

79 Second class They weren’t worried passenger Charlotte about the crash Collyer woke up when because they had a the Titanic hit the preconceived notion iceberg. She and her that that Titanic was husband weren’t unsinkable. worried about the crash though. 80 How big does the iceberg look? (Picture) How does an iceberg form in the middle of the ocean? 81 Lawrence Beesley Why would an officer say there noticed something was no safety issue when water was wrong when was filling the boat? engines were turned ü No one believed the ship off. Daniel tried to go would sink. back to his cabin but Written by Mara Truslow 16 water was blocking the way. 82 Colonel Gracie could We know the Titanic What were the passengers not figure out what sank, but why wasn’t concerned about immediately had happened. He there a panic right after the Titanic hit an iceberg? believed the Titanic hit after it struck the ü One person had an iceberg, but didn’t iceberg? apparently spotted the see how it was ü No one believed iceberg itself; someone else possible on such a how dire the passed a rumor that the clear night. situation was. mail room was flooded.”

83 Colonel Gracie Why would Smith and noticed the ship Andrews go to the leaning to one side. engine room? Jack Thayer went to ü To survey the the deck to see what damage was happening. A stewardess saw Andrews and Smith go down to the engine room. 84 The water rose into the The Titanic would sink Why did Thomas Andrews know ship 14 feet in 10 so quickly, despite the the ship better than anyone minutes. The severe watertight doors, else? damage was because the water ü “Andrews had been overwhelming. was coming in so involved with the building Thomas Andrews quickly. of the ship since the knew the ship would beginning.” sink in hours and there were not enough lifeboats on the boat to save all passengers. 85 The Titanic only had 1.5 hours to get lifeboats ready and passengers off the ship. 86-87 What is a wheelhouse used for? Pictures Who would work in the wheelhouse? 88 The Titanic was What is a bulkhead? supposed to be ü “Sixteen main unsinkable. There compartments, separated were 16 by walls or partitions.” compartments of the ship, with bulkheads Why didn’t the bulkhead doors (heavy doors) to stop work? Written by Mara Truslow 17 leaks. But the damage ü “The damage from the was also from the iceberg was simply too bottom of the ship. spread out.”

89 The water was coming Which part of the ship flooded in through the front of with water first? the ship (the bow), ü “As the first compartments which caused stress of the ship filled from on the rest of the ship. below, the weight of the The water poured water pulled the ship over the bulkheads. down.”

90 Who sent the telegraphs on the Picture Titanic? ü The Marconi operators.

91 did a Were the officers on the ship number of tasks for serious about wreck? Captain Smith. He tried ü “There were no more jokes to figure out where the about SOS now.” ship was located so he could radio for assistance. The coordinates were far off. 92 The Olympic was too Why were the wireless far away to help the operators trying to get Titanic, but by a stroke in touch with another of luck, the Carpathia ship? wireless operator got ü They needed the Titanic’s message. another ship to come to help the passengers.

Did the ship need to arrive quickly? ü Yes, the Titanic would only be afloat for two hours.

93 Captain Rostron of the Was it a good choice for the Carpathia turned Carpathia to go full speed around to head back ahead toward the Titanic? Why toward the Titanic and or why not?

Written by Mara Truslow 18 sped up, but faced the same danger of ice. 94 The Carpathia was 58 If the Carpathia was miles from the Titanic. four hours away, and It would take four Titanic would sink in two hours to arrive at the hours, would help arrive site of the Titanic. in time? Passengers on the Titanic thought help would arrive at any minute. 95 What do you notice about the Picture life vest? Based on Violet’s quote, do you think people on the ship were calm or frantic? 96 Stewardess Violet People were not in a Why did passengers think that Jessop helped hurry, so passengers everything was fine? passengers into their also weren’t in a hurry ü Notion the ship was life vests. People were to get on a lifeboat. unsinkable, enough calm and thought lifeboats, ships surrounding. there were enough lifeboats and ships surrounding the Titanic. 97 Ole was an immigrant Why did officers treat third class on the Titanic in 3rd passengers differently? Class who spoke ü They paid less money, many English. He wanted to were immigrants. know what was ü “Officers came and said to happening; officers be quiet, that a ship was told him to be quiet and wait. coming.”

98 The officers attempted The rockets were a Why do you launch rockets for to get the lifeboats definitive sign help? ready to board. When something was wrong ü If another ship is near you, rockets were because that was the they can see the rockets launched, passengers universal sign for and come near you. knew something was assistance on the ü “Anybody knows what seriously wrong. ocean. rockets at sea mean.”

100 There was a ship only 11 miles from the Titanic called the Californian, which

Written by Mara Truslow 19 stopped for the night to avoid ice. However, the wireless operator was overworked and didn’t respond to the message. 101 Jack Phillips didn’t Whose fault was it that the Titanic take the message sank? Do you think Jack should seriously because he be blamed because he could got warnings of ice all have communicated with the day. Several men on Californian? the Caifornian saw the Titanic in the distance. The Californian saw 8 rockets, but thought the Titanic was sailing away. 102 The Californian Why didn’t the Californian realized at 5:20 AM come? that the Titanic had ü Communication. Captain sunk. The ship went was in bed, wireless towards the Titanic at operator was also asleep. 6 AM, but the ship was already gone. What would have happened if the Californian came in time? 103 What ship is closest to the Titanic Picture on the map? ü Californian

What do the numbers on surrounding the map mean? ü Latitude and Longitude directions

104 What do you notice in the Picture drawing? Is there a commotion or not a commotion? ü Commotion. People trying to jump onto lifeboats.

Why were women and children the first to get on the boat? ü Men could save themselves. Reference the

Written by Mara Truslow 20 quote on the page.

105 Most of the The launching of the passengers still didn’t first lifeboats indicated realize the Titanic was that the ship was in in grave danger and grave dangers and sinking very quickly. that’s when the panic Lifeboats began to began to set in. lower from the ship. 106 It took four men to Did the officers have experience lower a lifeboat and or practice launching the was labor intensive. lifeboats from the Titanic? Water continued to ü No, it was the first voyage. leak into the ship and it seemed there was Why did launching the lifeboats also damage to the cause panic? bottom of the ship. ü If people were sent away from the ship, it was a bad situation.

107 An officer was in each The bow tipping so Why was the officer alarmed the of the lifeboats quickly indicates that bow had already sunk 20 feet? launched. When the the ship was sinking ü Prediction: Shows the rate of first lifeboat reached incredibly quickly. sinking is very fast. the water, the officer could see that 15-20 feet of the bow had already sloped into the water. 108 Photo of a Lifeboat The lifeboat is not What do you notice about the secure, made of wood, lifeboat? and is relatively small. ü Small ü Made of Wood

109 The Titanic had 20 lifeboats, but they were not all the same. They were different models and could carry different numbers of passengers. 110 Jack Thayer wanted The confusion shows no Why was there confusion on the to ensure that his one on the ship really ship? mother got on a knew what was ü Officers were saying there lifeboat. There was a happening. was no danger when in fact great deal of Written by Mara Truslow 21 confusion about they knew that the ship only where the lifeboats had a few hours. They were loading from, wanted to keep passengers and he was separated calm. from his parents during the commotion.

111 The passengers on the The passengers were Why were passengers scared to ship were lowered into scared to go into get on the lifeboats? lifeboats. Elizabeth lifeboats because they Shutes was lowered still viewed the Titanic as into a lifeboat and was a safe ship that nervous about going wouldn’t sink. into the ocean. • “The first touch of our lifeboat on that black sea came to me as a last goodbye to life.”

112 Charlotte Collyer got Women and children Why were women and children on a lifeboat as the were called to the called to the lifeboats first? Titanic’s bow lifeboats first because continued to tip were less likely to survive forward. Women were on their own. torn away from their • “Go Lotty, for husbands and placed God’s sake be on lifeboats. brave and go.”

113 On the starboard side, The officers didn’t Why did the officers have women and children communicate different expectations for the were first. On the port effectively and had lifeboat boarding procedures? side, it was more different expectations lenient and some men for lifeboat procedures. were allowed on • “Officer Charles lifeboats. Lawrence Lightoller was so Beesley entered on the strict about Port side. .”

114 The lifeboat Lawrence If lifeboat 15 continued Describe why lifeboat 15 was was on was hit by a to be lowered, it would stuck under lifeboat 13. stream of water and it crush everyone in pushed the boat under lifeboat 13. another lifeboat. • “It was hit by a

Written by Mara Truslow 22 stream of water discharged from the Titanic’s pump system.”

115 Colonel Gracie helped load passengers into lifeboats. Lightoller moved quickly to get passengers into lifeboats. 116 Lightoller wouldn’t let Women and children Why did women and children millionaire John Jacob were forced to say have to say goodbye to their Astor on the lifeboat to goodbye to their husbands/fathers so quickly? protect his pregnant husbands/ fathers in a wife. and matter of seconds. her son got onto the • “I turned and lifeboat and said kissed by goodbye to their male husband.” friends. 117 The lifeboats on the Third Class passengers Why weren’t third class port side were gone, were not allowed onto passengers allowed on the and only two lifeboats the promenade deck promenade deck until most remained when Ole until most of the lifeboats were gone? got to the main deck lifeboats were already of the ship. gone. • “Ole had waited for instructions on the Poop deck.”

118 Ole overheard the officers ask if anyone had sailing experience. He didn’t say anything. Third Class passengers had a difficult time getting to the boat deck where the lifeboats were. There was not a direct course. 119 There was no clear Miscommunication and Who was in charge of boarding order to boarding the lack of communication the lifeboats? lifeboats. Some in the face of an What circumstances made it thought the boats emergency made the difficult to organize the lifeboat would come back for lifeboat process boarding? more people. Others inefficient. Written by Mara Truslow 23 wanted to stay inside • “People were not to stay warm before called to the boarding lifeboats. boats in any clear way.”

120 Steward John Hart was 3rd class passengers had Why did third class passengers assigned to 30 3rd class been confined to the have a difficult time navigating passengers who did bottom of the ship since the ship to find the lifeboats? not suQessfully get on a it left port. This meant lifeboat. they didn’t know much about the space of the ship. • “It would have been hard for these passengers to find their way.”

121 John Hart got on There were more 3rd Why did more third class Lifeboat 15 with class passengers than passengers die than any other passengers. More 3rd any other class. There class? class passengers died were also language than any other class barriers. because they were • “More third class used to staying in their passengers own space. perished than in any other class.”

122 Men in third class were not allowed to see their wives/ children off. Passengers who didn’t speak English had a difficult time understanding what was happening. 123 Approximate a ratio between Picture the size of the lifeboats and the Titanic. 124 The slant of the deck A collapsible boat is What is a collapsible lifeboat? was worsening every much smaller than a If 200 people could fit in the minute. There were four lifeboat. It was difficult collapsibles, how many people collapsible boats, but to get down because of would be left on the ship? still 1500 people on the slanting on the board. deck. • “Safely away

Written by Mara Truslow 24 were dwindling with each passing minute.”

125 3rd class passenger Frankie Goldsmith was excited to get on a lifeboat because he didn’t realize the danger or that his father wouldn’t be able to get on the lifeboat. 126 16-year-old Alfred Rush The panic caused Why were passengers on the refused to get on a passengers to act Titanic panicking at it neared 2 lifeboat and instead irrationally, throwing AM? stayed with the men. each other out of He died in the sinking. lifeboats. Panic was beginning to • “Found spread through the themselves in a crowd as third class crowd of passengers realized panicking there were not enough boats. passengers.” 127 Frankie and his mother J. Bruce Ismay saved Why did J. Bruce Ismay jump got on the lifeboat at himself, which was onto Collapsible C? the last moment. At the questionable because last moment, J. Bruce no other men were Why was Ismay allowed on the Ismay jumped into allowed on the boat when no other men Collapsible C lifeboat. lifeboats. were? • “People would question Ismay’s decision to save himself.”

128 Jack Thayer lost his Many passengers What is suction? parents in the crowd. thought the Titanic Why did passengers like Jack He could hear the would cause suction as Thayer fear suction? band playing. Yet Jack it sank, pulling in any hadn’t given up hope. passengers who were in Jack hoped to stay the water. away from the crowd • “If they could and the suction that keep away from the sinking ship would any suction that cause. might oQur as the

Written by Mara Truslow 25 ship sank.”

129 The engine rooms lights The ship was sinking Why was the coal stoker stayed on because the much faster than any of shocked when he walked on men in the engine the passengers could the deck and the smokestack room wanted to keep understand. was below the water? power on the ship for • “When he as long as possible. reached the boat When Alfred White got deck, he was to the boat deck, the shocked.” second funnel was under water. 130 May Futrelle was a first All of the passengers Why did panic only begin to class passenger who who were left on the set in as the ship neared the didn’t want to leave ship knew they were water? her husband but about to die. eventually got onto • “The ship was one of the collapsible sinking, and no lifeboats. Water was help was in sight.” coming up under the boat deck; time was running out.

131 At 2:05 AM, the ocean was pouring into the boat deck and some passengers attempted to jump into the collapsible lifeboats that were boarding. 132 Jack Phillips and Harold Every man for himself What does every man for himself Bride stayed at their meant it was time for mean? post in the Marconi the crew and Why was it time for everyone to room until 2:05 AM. The passengers to fend for fend for themselves? Captain came in and themselves. They were said, “Every man for on their own to save himself.” their lives. • “Men you have done your full duty. You can do no more.”

133 Lightoller attempted to Most people left on the What was the strategy to say launch the last ship knew they were alive? Collapsible boats. facing their deaths. How do you think the men felt as Collapsible A flipped • “He was by they realized they would need over and they were himself when I to fight to stay alive in the Written by Mara Truslow 26 unable to launch it saw him last.” freezing water? properly. Captain Smith told all remaining passengers to get to the starboard side of the ship. 134 One of the bulkheads The pressure of water What is a bulkhead? inside the ship likely inside the ship caused Why did a sea of water come broke under the the way the Titanic was towards the Titanic? pressure from the water sinking to change. Why did Lightoller move away and a wave came • “Had a pressure from the crowd toward the over the bow. Lightoller building inside her Crow’s Nest? walked towards the which was about Crows Nest to avoid to set off a being swept away by the sea. catastrophic plunge forward.”

135 Colonel Gracie was The water was Why were people trying to get helping launch the beginning to surge in to higher places on the ship? lifeboats. The water different patterns Do you think the water was calm began to surge toward through the enormous as it began to engulf the ship? him and he jumped ship. This led to the ship Why or why not? onto the roof of the breaking in half. officer’s quarters. • “ Water struck him from his right side.”

136 The wave completely The explosions in the Why were there explosions on covered Colonel ship were from water the ship? Gracie. The deck was pouring through every Why was shock and terror disappearing quickly. part of the ship. showing on people’s faces? was also • “Shock and terror caught in the wave. showed on Colonel Gracie freed people’s faces.” the last boat at 2:15 AM. Jack Thayer could hear explosions in the ship. 137 The weight of the water The water forced the Why did the bow of the ship weighed down on the ship up into the sky. begin floating up into the sky? steel structure and was People started sliding Why were people sliding down making a tremendous down the ship deck. the deck? noise. Jack Thayer • “So they fell down decided to jump over and slid on their the railing so he feet on the wouldn’t be pulled by suction or hit with Written by Mara Truslow 27 debris. Ole wanted to deck.” wait to leave the ship, but the deck started tilting upward toward the sky. 138 Ole jumped off the ship The funnel snapped Why did the funnel snap? into the water. Ole felt because of the pressure What happened to other the suction of the of the ship rising into the people below the funnel? water. One of the sky. This crushed all the Why were there sparks and gigantic funnels people below. explosions? snapped and hit the • “Crushing anyone water. Passengers in in the water the water clung to two below it.” collapsible lifeboats.

139 Picture How far was the Titanic from New York? What is the closest city/ country to where the Titanic sank? 140- Picture What do you notice about 141 the bow of the ship? The water was intensely cold. Do you think anyone could survive in water this cold? 142 Some survivors watched The water was difficult to How would you survive? from lifeboats a mile survive in for any amount What would you do if you away while others were of time because it was so were Jack? on the ship as it sank. cold. Even if passengers Jack jumped over the got into the water, their side of the ship into 28 chances of surviving were degree water. He was slim. looking for something to • The shock of the grab onto. water took the breath out of my lungs.”

143 People tried to go Everything in the ship fell Why was everything in the towards the stern of the and moved at the boat boat falling? ship, but it continued to raised toward the sky. What happened to the rise into the sky. People • “Everything inside passengers as the ship rose to toppled into the sea. the boat was the sky? Jack was pulled crashing around.” underwater when the funnel fell into the ocean. 144 Lightoller also walked Written by Mara Truslow 28 into the water and was struck by the intensity of the pain. He was pinned against the ship, but air blew through the funnel and freed him. He found himself by a collapsible lifeboat. 145 Lightoller was almost struck by the crashing funnel. He was able to crawl up onto the top of a collapsible lifeboat using a piece of road. Harold Bride was also clinging to the boat. 146 Harold could see Men were dying from the Why were men dying hundreds of men dotted cold in a matter of quickly? through the ocean. Ole minutes. got to a Collapsible boat • “Some of them and was able to crawl were frozen.” on top. There were men lying down and two were already frozen. 147 Rhonda Abbott got onto a collapsible boat. She was the only woman rescued. Colonel Gracie found a crate when he surfaced from the water. 148- Picture What is happening with the 149 stern of the ship? Are the lifeboats near or far from the ship? 150 Frankie watched the The passengers in the For what reasons were the Titanic sink from a lifeboat were also passengers on the Titanic lifeboat. The stern of the concerned because distraught? ship went straight into many had family the air. members who didn’t safely get on a ship. • “Beginning to be fearful about my father.”

Written by Mara Truslow 29