COLLEGEWIDE COURSE OUTLINE OF RECORD

MEDL 201, TECHNIQUES

COURSE TITLE: Immunology Techniques COURSE NUMBER: MEDL 201 PREREQUISITES: Program Chair Approval SCHOOL: Health Sciences PROGRAM: Medical Laboratory Technology CREDIT HOURS: 3 CONTACT HOURS: Lecture: 2 Lab: 2 DATE OF LAST REVISION: Fall, 2013 EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS REVISION: Fall, 2014

CATALOG DESCRIPTION: This course is designed to provide the student with a basic understanding of the principles of the human immunologic system as well as an understanding of, and experience in, routine testing.

MAJOR COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of the course, the student will be expected to:

1. Discuss the immunological responses of the body. 2. Discuss the principles and theoretical concepts of serodiagnostic testing. 3. Relate clinical manifestations and interpretations of testing principles and procedures to disease states.

COURSE CONTENT: Topical areas of study will include –

1. Understand the theoretic concepts of clinical immunology. 1.1 State the difference between and immunology. 1.2 Define and give an example of active immunity and passive immunity. 1.3 Differentiate between natural and acquired immunity and give an example of each. 1.4 Explain Humoral and cell-mediated immunity. 1.5 State the locations in the body where are produced. 1.6 Discuss 4 basic characteristics of . 1.7 Discuss the properties of antibodies with emphasis on chemical structure, observable reactions, and production phases. 1.8 Discuss / reactions from the aspect of allergy and phagocytosis. 1.9 Explain the difference between auto-antibodies and iso-antibodies. 1.10 Draw, label, and state functions and characteristics of the 5 types of immunoglobulins. 1.11 Discuss the complement cascade, role of complement components, and complement measurement.

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2a. Understand the principles and theoretic concepts of serodiagnostic testing. 2.1 Explain cross-reactivity. 2.2 Explain how the antigen and antibody ratio can affect serodiagnostic testing. 2.3 Differentiate between a prozone and postzone phenomenon. 2.4 List and describe the four (4) observable serologic reactions. 2.5 List the types of specimens used in routine serological work. 2.6 Discuss the relationship of time and sampling and occurrence of infection. 2.7 Explain why serum is inactivated for most serological tests. 2.8 Define the following terms: hapten, complement fixation, opsonization, fluorescence, , flocculation, .

2b. Understand clinical interpretation and principles associated with the . 2.1 State the principle of hemagglutination inhibition testing. 2.2 Give the principles of the complement fixations test. 2.3 State three (3) types of diseases that are associated with complement fixation testing. 2.4 Draw simple diagrams showing both a positive and negative complement fixation reaction.

3. Understand the principle of and be able to perform serial dilutions. 3.1 Define serial dilution and titer. 3.2 Describe a typical serial dilution procedure. 3.3 State the principle of most serological serial dilutions. 3.4 List the reagents usually employed in preparing serial dilutions. 3.5 Prepare a serial dilution on an assigned number of unknowns with 90% agreement with the instructor. 3.6 Prepare red cell suspension with 90% agreement with the instructor.

4. Know and understand clinical manifestations and testing principles for syphilis. 4.1 State the causative organism of syphilis and its transmission. 4.2 Describe the differences between primary, secondary and latent syphilis. 4.3 State the serological tests done at each stage of syphilis and the suspected results. 4.4 Describe the three (3) serodiagnostic tests for syphilis. 4.5 Describe the two (2) types of antibodies produced un response to Treponema pallidum 4.6 Explain the use of Treponema pallidum immobilization test. 4.7 Explain the importance of CHS examination in syphilis cases. 4.8 Explain the V.D.R.L. slide test. 4.9 State the contents of the VDRL antigen. 4.10 Describe the preparation of cardiolipin antigen emulsion. 4.11 Explain how the delivery needle for the antigen emulsion is tested. 4.12 Explain the procedure for the VDRL qualitative and quantitative screen test.

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4.13 Describe the Fluorescence Treponemal antibody- Absorption Test (FTA-ABS). 4.14 Describe the Rapid Plasma Reagin test procedure. 4.15 Perform the serologic test for syphilis on 5 specimens with 80% agreement with the reference.

5. Know and understand clinical manifestations and testing principles for hepatitis. 5.1 State the differences between hepatitis A and hepatitis B. 5.2 Discuss the development of IgM and IgG antibodies in the process of the disease. 5.3 State sensitivity of first, second and third generation hepatitis test. 5.4 Know the structure of the Dane particle. 5.5 List different types of second and third generation test for hepatitis including counter electrophoresis, RIA, RPHA, and enzyme. 5.6 Know the significance of the presence of the Core antibody. 5.7 Explain how the E Antigen and E Antibody are used along with Presence of Hbe Antibody to determine prognosis and carrier states. 5.8 List precautions used in work area for prevention of employee contamination. 5.9 Know general rules of Laboratory – i.e., no smoking, eating, etc.

6. Know and understand the chemical properties, clinical relevance, test principles and interpretation for C-reactive protein. 6.1 Explain the properties of C-Reactive Protein. 6.2 State the principles of laboratory test for C-Reactive Protein and normal values. 6.3 Explain the variability of CRP test reactivity. 6.4 Correlate the CRP test with the patient’s condition. 6.5 Give the significance of CRP in the serum. 6.6 Perform CRP test on 5 specimens with 80% agreement with the reference.

7. Understand clinical interpretation and principles associated with the ASO test and diagnosis of streptococcal infection. 7.1 Name three (3) diseases that may be caused by Streptococcal infection. 7.2 Name the units used to express the titer in the ASO test. 7.3 Describe the antibody responsible for streptococcal infection. 7.4 List the reagents used in the ASO test. 7.5 Give the normal range of the ASO test result. 7.6 Describe the two-step procedure of the ASO test. 7.7 Correlate the ASO titer and the patient’s clinical condition. 7.8 State the principle of the streptozyme test. 7.9 List five (5) antibodies detected by the streptozyme test.

8. Understand clinical interpretation and principles associated with cold agglutination testing. 8.1 Name the etiological agent for primary atypical pneumonia. 8.2 List the 2 different serological reactions helpful in diagnosing primary atypical pneumonia.

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8.3 State the principle of the cold agglutination test. 8.4 Explain the confirmation step in the cold agglutinations test. 8.5 Perform the cold agglutinin test for viral pneumonia of 1 specimens with 80% agreement with the reference.

9. Understand clinical interpretation and principles associated with febrile agglutination testing. 9.1 Give the principle of febrile agglutination tests. 9.2 Differentiate strength of agglutination for febrile diseases on successive clinical specimens. 9.3 Differentiate the macroscopic agglutination of “H” and “O” antigen. 9.4 Describe the febrile agglutination tests. 9.5 List six (6) diseases that are diagnosed wit the aid of bacterial agglutination tests. 9.6 Name the antigens employed in the Weil-Felix reaction. 9.7 Name the antigens employed in the Widal test. 9.8 Differentiate between the “H” and the “O” antigens of Salmonella. 9.9 List the two (2) methods used for febrile agglutinations.

10. Understand the clinical importance and test principle for Cryptococcal antigen. 10.1 Explain the importance of Cryptococcal antigen testing. 10.2 List and describe diagnostic testing for Cryptococcal antigen.

11. Understand clinical interpretation and principles associated with testing for autoimmune antibodies and thyroid antibodies. 11.1 State the theoretical pathogenesis of disorders called autoimmune disease. 11.2 Define . 11.3 Explain concept for self and non-self recognition. 11.4 State difference between direct and indirect FA techniques. 11.5 State the principles of the ANA test. 11.6 Name two conditions reported to have thyroid antibodies. 11.7 Name two methods used to detect thyroid antibodies. 11.8 Understand the clinical interpretation and principles associated with testing for SLE

12. Understand clinical interpretation and principles associated with testing for rheumatoid factors. 12.1 Describe the clinical manifestations of rheumatoid factors. 12.2 Explain the principle of serologic procedures for RA latex fixation test. 12.3 State how the RA tube test is performed. 12.4 State the titer that is considered to be positive in an RA tube test. 12.5 Perform RA latex fixation test on 5 specimens with 80% agreement with reference.

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13. Understand clinical interpretation and principles associated with testing for pregnancy and disease conditions. 13.1 Discuss the classical agglutination inhibition principle, EIA, and other current test methodology. 13.2 Discuss test sensitivity, interpretation and false positive and negative reactions. 13.3 Discuss disease conditions that produce hCG.

14. Understand clinical interpretations and testing for Rubella 14.1 Discuss the epidemiology of the Rubella . 14.2 Discuss the importance of vaccination programs for Rubella. 14.3 Describe congenital Rubella and its effects on a developing fetus. 14.4 List and describe diagnostic testing for Rubella.

15. Understand clinical manifestations and testing principles for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 15.1 Discuss the pandemic incidence of HIV. 15.2 Discuss modes of transmission and prevention of HIV. 15.3 Describe the early and late phase clinical manifestations of HIV and list several hallmark opportunistic diseases. 15.4 List and describe diagnostic testing for HIV.

16. Understand clinical manifestations and testing principles for Lyme disease. 16.1 Discuss the epidemiology of Lyme disease. 16.2 Name the cause (virus), vector, and treatment for Lyme disease. 16.3 Describe characteristic clinical manifestations of Lyme disease. 16.4 List and describe diagnostic testing for Lyme disease.

17. Understand the clinical interpretation and principles associated with testing for infectious mononucleosis. 17.1 State the general disease characteristic of infectious mononucleosis. 17.2 Define heterophile antibodies. 17.3 State the basic principle for testing for heterophile antibodies. 17.4 Give the principles and procedures of the ox cell hemolysin test. 17.5 List the reagent needed for doing an ox cell hemolysin test. 17.6 Give significance of the Davidsohn presumptive test. 17.7 Give significance of the Davidsohn Differential test. 17.8 List the three types of heterophile antibodies. 17.9 Describe how serum is inactivated and state the reason. 17.10 Describe the Davidsohn Differential test. 17.11 Describe the Davidsohn Presumptive test. 17.12 Perform the mono-test and /or mono-diff test on 5 specimens with 80 5 agreement with the reference.

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18. Understand the clinical manifestations and testing principles for Herpes . 18.1 Name the five recognized human herpes viruses. 18.2 Correlate disease state with each type of herpes virus. 18.3 Discuss diagnostic testing for herpes viruses.

HOW TO ACCESS THE IVY TECH COMMUNITY COLLEGE LIBRARY:

The Ivy Tech Library is available to students’ on- and off-campus, offering full text journals and books and other resources essential for course assignments. Go to http://www.ivytech.edu/library/ and choose the link for your campus.

ACADEMIC HONESTY STATEMENT:

The College is committed to academic integrity in all its practices. The faculty value intellectual integrity and a high standard of academic conduct. Activities that violate academic integrity undermine the quality and diminish the value of educational achievement.

Cheating on papers, tests or other academic works is a violation of College rules. No student shall engage in behavior that, in the judgment of the instructor of the class, may be construed as cheating. This may include, but is not limited to, plagiarism or other forms of academic dishonesty such as the acquisition without permission of tests or other academic materials and/or distribution of these materials and other academic work. This includes students who aid and abet as well as those who attempt such behavior.

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ADA STATEMENT:

Ivy Tech Community College seeks to provide reasonable accommodations for qualified individuals with documented disabilities. If you need an accommodation because of a documented disability, please contact the Office of Disability Support Services.

If you will require assistance during an emergency evacuation, notify your instructor immediately. Look for evacuation procedures posted in your classroom.

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