THE EVERY DAY BOOK

OF

HISTORY AND CHRONOLOGY:

EMBRACING THE

~unilitrsarits of ittmarahlt 'trsaus Rnh OBbtnfs,

IN

EVERY PERIOD AND STATE OF THE WORLD,

FROM: THE CREATION TO THE PRESENT TIME.

BY JOEL MUNSELL.

"What hath this day done Y What hath it deserved Y"

NEW YORK: D. APPLETON & CO., 846 BROADWAY. 1858. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1858,

BY JOEL MUNSELL, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Northern District of New York. PREFACE.

The object of this work, as will be seen, is to bring together the great events of each day of the year, in all ages, as far as their dates can be ascertained, and to arrange them chronologically. It has been necessary to observe brevity in its compilation, in order to reduce it within a proper compass. Hence notices of the most cminent men are often confined to two or three lines, while indi­ viduals of less note have occasionally received more attention, on account of the absence of ready reference to them in books. The dates are in accordance, it is believed, with the best author­ ities. Great care has been taken to make them so, and nothing has been inserted for which there was not at least some authority. Occasionally authors have been found to disagree in days, months, and evcn ycars, and it has been necessary to rec~mcile, as well as possiblc, such discrepancies. Much of this confusion arises from the change in the calendar; some authors following the old, others the new style, without informing us which they adhere to. The protestant countries did not all adopt the new style till 1777, about two ccnturies after the catholic authorities had reformed the calen­ dar. The Russians still use the Julian era, and are now conse­ quently twelve days behind the true time. With these difficulties in the way, no ordinary vigilance ensures an entire freedom from error in a work like this. The dates here, however, are made to conform to the new style as far as practicable. In some cases where different dates have been given, and it has been found im­ possible to determine the true one, the article has been inserted under different days with cross references. Repetitions have crept in however, which could only be discovered in preparing the index. Errors of this kind are perpetuated by a succession of authors IV. PREFACE. following a wrong date, and are exceedingly difficult to detect, or when suspected, not easilytraced to their origin. When dates have been taken from computations of time other than the Christian era, it should be understood that the corresponding day has been made to conform to our own era, and consequently perfect accuracy can not be claimed for them. It has been said that geography and chronology are the eyes of history; in aiding to promote one of these sciences, the reader will not fail to discover how great and varied is the amount of facts brought together, rendering the work of use to persons of every age and calling. A reference to the index will show more clearly the extent of the work. MARCH......

MARCH 1. which has never been equaled by any other periodical of the kind. • 509. B. C. VALERIUS PUBLICOLA pronoun­ 1733. That mysterious person, the oldest ced a funeral oration over the body of Ju­ inhabitant, witnessed a great flood in the nius Brutus, which was the first institu­ north of England, wholly unprecedented tion of that generous tribute to the mem­ in his life time. ory of the virtuous dead. 1766. ZABDIEL BOYLSTON, an American 1554. Iu the household expenses of physician, died. He was the first to in­ Queen Mary 15 shillings are given to a yeo­ troduce inoculation for small-pox into man for bringing her majesty a leek on New England. This mode of treating a this day. virulent disease brought upon him the rid­ 1562. The catholics under the duke of icule of his medical brethren; but he out­ Guise fell upon a body of Calvinists at lived these prejudices and realized a hand­ Bassi in France, who were singing the some fortune by his profession. psalms of Marot in a barn. The latter were 1774. Prince A. D. KANTEMIR, died; a insulted, and induced to come to blows: Turk by birth, but subsequently a distin­ when nearly 60 of these unhappy people guished oriental scholar. were killed and 200 wounded. This unex­ 1781. Maryland ratified the articles of pected event lightened the flame of civil the confederation of the United States be­ war throughout the kingdom. ing the last state to do so. 1564. Printing introduced again into 1786. The first No. of the Observer ap­ Moscow. Some 12 years previous it had peared, conducted by Cumberland, the been used there, but the burning of the dramatist. city by the Poles suspended it. 1791. The annual masquerade held at 1625. JOHN ROBINSON died; minister of Rutland square rooms, Dublin, was the the first English church in Holland, to cause of a great riot and the death of which the first settlers of New England many of the police. belonged. He fled to Holland with his 1792. LEOPOLD II of Germany, and I congregation to avoid persecution, and at of Tuscany, died. He made the latter the the time of his death was preparing to fol­ happiest and best governed state of Italy. low with the remainder of the brethren to In 1790 he succeeded to the imperial crown, America. He was distinguished for his and was noted for the wisdom of his mea­ learning, liberality and piety. sures, his affability, .trict justice and kind­ 1645. Battle of Pontefract, in which Sir ness to the poor. Marmaduke Langdale defeated the lord 1793. Battle of Aldenhoven, between Fairfax. the French under Dumourier, and 40,000 1663. ADAM AnAMI, a French ecclesias­ Austrians under Gen. Coburg. The French tic, statesman and historian, died. were defeated with the loss of 6,000 killed 1682. THOMAS HERBERT, an English au­ and 4,000 prisoners. thor of Travels in .I1sia and .I1frica, died. 1799. Essex county, N. Y., erected. He was engaged in the civil wars between 1811. Massacre of the Mamelukes in the parliament and the royalists, and on Egypt by order of the pasha. the restoration was created a baronet. 1814. Treaty of Chaumont, between 1689. The odious hearth stone tax or­ Austria, Russia, Prussia and Great Britain, dered to be taken off by William, prince against Napoleon. of Orange. 1815. BONAPARTE landed at Frejus in 1711. The Spectator, a daily critical, France from Elba, and resumed the impe­ satirical and literary paper made its ap­ rial crown. pearance in London, under the conduct 1816. Ontario co., N. Y., erected. of Addison and Steele principally, with 1838. The Patriots of Canada, about 600 the assistance of some of the master spir­ in number, under Nelson l!nd Cote, sur­ its of the day, and had a reputation rendered to Gen. Wool of the United 12 90 EVERY DAYBOOK. [Mar. 1. States army, near Alburg Springs, Vt., and 1714. Gibraltar and Minorca also ceded the frontier became tranquilized. to the English. 1845. Texas admitted into the Union a~ 1715. EMANUEL THEODOSIUS BOULLION, a an independent State. cardinal and ambassador of Louis XIV of 1854. The steam ship city of Glasgow France, died. left Liverpool for Philadelphia with mar') 1729. FRANCESCO BIANCHINI, an Italian an­ than 300 passengers, and was never more tiquary and astronomer, died. He devoted seen. his life to intense study, and in his char­ 1855. THOMAS DAY, an eminent Con­ acter extensive learning was united with necticut jurist died, aged 78. He published great modesty and amiability of manners. 26 volumes of law reports, and his entire He was patronized by the pope, and re­ works number about 40 volumes. ceived marks of respect from the Roman 1856. 'fhe colossal bronze statue of senate. Beetb-oven, the gift of Charles C. Perkins, 1738..JoHNsoN and GARRICK started from inaugurated at the music hall, Boston. Litchfield for London as literary adventur­ ers. The former had two pence half pen­ ny in his pocket, and the latter something MARCH 2. less. 1767. JAMES DRAKE, an English politi­ 986. LOTHAIRE, king of France, died of cal and medical writer, died. He is chiefly poison, said to have been administered by known now by his System if .linatomy. his wife Emma. 1768. The extensive copper mine in the 1492. The Jews banished from Spain by isle of Anglesey was discovered an edict of Ferdinand V. They number­ 1776. The Americans cannonaded Bos­ ed 800,000 souls. ton from Cobble hill and Lechmere point. 1585. Dr. PARRY executed for a design 1786. JOHN JEBB, an eminent English to assassinate Queen Elizabeth. She had non-conformist divine and physician, formerly released him from imprisonment, died. His publications, theologial, medi­ on a charge of justifying Romanism. cal and political, gained great approbation. 1611. BARTHOLOMEW LEGGAT, convicted 1788. SOLOMON GESNER, a E'wiss book­ of the Arian heresy and delivered over to seller, poet and painter, died at Zurich. the secular power. Of his writings the best known, in Eng­ 1617. ROBERT ABBOTT, bishop of Salis­ lish, is the Death of .libel. bury, died, aged 58. He was active and 1791. JOHN WESLEY, founder of the pains-taking in his office; a profound methodists, died, aged 88. He was born at scholar, and an industrious author. Epworth, England, and at the time of fin­ 1619. QUEEN ANNE, consort of James I, ishing his studies, was distinguished for died at Hampton Court. his classical attainments, skill in dialectics, 1622. JOHN MARION AVANTIO, a learned and talent for poetry. The origin of the Italian civilian, died at Padua. sect called methodists is to be attributed 1629. The speaker of the house of com­ to the circumstance of a club of kindred mons, in England, refusing for fear of the spirits, who used to meet on week days king's displeasure to put the question of and read classics, and on Sundays divinity, readingthe remonstrance against the king's but shortly their meetings became exclu­ nsurpations, is held in his chair, the doors sively religious. This society consisted of of the house shut, and the remonstrance fifteen members, who from the strictness read. of their manners and deportment, obtain­ 1711. DESPREAUX NICHOLAS BOILEAU, ed the name of Methodists, an appellation the French poet, died. He was born 1636, which they sanctioned and retained. He and in early youth gave indications of the visited America, and afterwards Germany, future bent of his genius, by his fondness and on his return commenced the system­ for the great poets of antiquity. His atic labors by which he became the found­ works are frequently republished inFrance, er of a numerous religious sect. He joined though some of his satires are little to the with Whitfield in field preaching, but taste of the present day. Bruyere has their opinions being at collision on some said of him, that his verses will be read point, they finally separated. He contin­ when the language is obsolete, and will be ued his active labors till within a week of the last ruins of it! his death. His works on various subjects 1713. The first No. of the Guardian ap­ amount to upwards of thirty volumes peared, conducted by Steele during the octavo. temporary suspension of the Spectator. 1793. Breda, a city of Holland, noted 1714. Peace proclaimed with Spain, and for its numerous sieges, was taken by the a special privilege granted to the English French. of supplying the West Indies with negro 1793. Congress passed a law making ap­ slaves at the rate of 4800 a year. propriations for purchasing two lots of Mar. 2.) EVERY DAY BOOK. 91 ground with buildings, and other materi­ the discovery of the planet Pallas, in 1802, als and necessaries for a mint, $1,279'78; and of Vesta, in 1807. and for the salaries of its officers from July 1841. First daily paperin Brooklyn pub­ to Dec. 1792. $2,694'88. lished. 1794. Great scarcity of provisions in lSi3. ASA PACKARD, aged 84, died at Paris. Lancaster, Mass. He was a soldier of the 1797. Battle of Monte di Savaro, be­ revolution, and for nearly 70 years carried tween the French and Austrians, in which a musket bullet in his body. the former under Joubert attacked and car­ 1845. JUDAH ALDEN, a distinguished of­ ried the posts of the latter. ficer of the American revolutionary army, 1797. HORACE WALPOLE, an English au­ died at Duxbury, Mass. . thor, and sonof Robert Walpole the states­ 1849. JAMES MORIER, the celebrated man, died. author of Hajji Baba, and other works, 1799. Corfu, one of the Ionian islands died. taken by the Turco Russian squadron. 1852. The town of St. Bartholomew, one 1799. Manheim, a strong German city, of the AntIlles, nearly destroyed by fire ; taken by the French. 120 houses and stores having been burned 1801. CHARLES ALBERT DEMOUSTIER, a in the space of four hours. French poet, died. He was first a success­ 1852. MARMONT, duke of Ragusa, died fullawyer, but subsequentlyturned his at­ at Venice, aged 78. He was the last of tention to literature, and wrote comedies, Nal'oleon's marshals. operas and poems. His pieces are distin­ 1855. NICHOLAS 1, emperor of Russia, guished for spirit, delicacy and ease, and died, aged 59. He came to the throne in some of them have maintained a place up­ 1826, and his reign was devoted to on the stage. strengthening the power and extending 1802. FRANCIS RUSSEL, duke of Bed­ the domain of Russia. ford, died, aged 37. He distinguished 1856. An earthquake in the island of himself by his endeavors to improveev­ Great Bangor, one of the Moluccas, by ery branch af agriculture, and was a wor­ which 2,806 lives were lost. thy man. 1830. Great freshet at Vienna, in Aus­ tria; the Danube rose twenty-three feet, MARCH 3. and the houses of 50,000 inhabitants were inundated. 1589. JOliN STURMIUS, a learned German 1835. FRANCIS I of Austria (II of Ger­ grammarian and rhetorician, died. He was many), died. His disposition was mild; called the Cicero of Germany. his dress plain and homely; his manners 1633. GEORGE HERBERT, an English di­ gentle and familiar; and he was greatly vine and poet, died. Lord Bacon had so beloved by his German subjects. high·an opinion of his judgment that he 1835. SAMUEL BLACKBURN died; an of­ would not suffer his works to be published ficer of the revolution, an eminent lawyer until theyhad been submitted to Herbert's and for many years a conspicuous member examination. of the Virginia legislature. At his death 1634. First colony arrived at Potomac he liberated his slaves, 46 in number, for the settlement of Maryland, under Lord charging his estate with the expense of Baltimore. It consisted of 200 Catholics transporting them to Liberia. from England. The soil was purchased of 1839. ZERAH COLBURN died at Norwich, the natives, and the foundation of the Vt., aged 35. At the age of 6 years he at­ province was laid on the broad basis of tracted great attention in Europe and security to property and of freedom in re­ America by his marvelous powers of cal­ ligion. culation. At that time he was unable to 1703. ROBERT HOOKE, an English mathe­ read or write, and ignorant of the name or matician and philosopher, died. He is properties of a single figure traced upon noted for many useful inventions and im­ paper. Yet his talent for mental arithme" provements in mechanics; and his writings tic was so extraordinary as to be wholly are numerous and valuable. incredible, were it not supported by un­ 1722. CAMPEGIOVITRINGA died; a learned questionable evidence. This faculty he author of Friesland, in the Netherlands. lost before he left England, which was in 1728. CAMILLO D'HoSTUN, count de Tal­ 1824; and on his return he became a meth­ lart, died. He was a brave general of the odist preacher, having acquired a respecta­ French, taken prisoner by the duke of ble education while abroad. Marlborough. 1840. HENRY WILLIAM MATTHEW AL­ 1760. Unsuccessful attack on the fort at BERS, a celebrated astronomer, and prac­ Ninety-Six, by 200 Cherokee Indians. ticing physician at Bremen, died, aged 1776. The Americans under Col. Bull 81. He acquired a lasting reputation by burnt the British ship Inverness and ~ix 92 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 3. other vessels, near Savannah, laden for MARCH 4. England. 1779. Battle of Briar Creek, when the 1193. SALADIN the Great died at Damas­ Americans were surprised by the British cus. under Provost, and lost 150 killed and 162 1530. CHARLES V granted to the knights prisoners. of St. John, who had recently been ex­ 1780. JOSEPH HIGHMORE, an eminent pelled from the island of Rhodes by the English painter, died. He was also a writer Turks, the ownership of all the castles, of considerable merit. fortresses, and isles of Tripoli, Malta and 1791. The church plate in France was Gozo. Malta at the time was a shelterless sent to the mint for coinage. rock, and the inhabitants, 12,000 in num­ 1792. ROBERT ADA~I, a Scotch architect, ber, in a wretched condition. died. In connection with his brother, he 1583. BERNARD GILPIN, an eminent Eng­ built some of the first mansions in Lon­ lish prelate, died. He came near falling a don; but the work for which they are victim to the fpry of Bonner, and was only chiefly celebrated, is the elegant range cal­ saved from the stake by the death of the led the Adelphi, a Greek word denoting the queen. His life was spent in well doing. relationship of hrothers. 1629. Massachusetts patent confirmed 1796. Civic festival at the Hague on oc­ by CHARLES I, by the naIDe of "the gov­ casion of the installation of the Batavian ernor and company of Massachusetts bay national assembly. in New England," Matthew Cradock first 1799. The advance gnards of the French governor. army arrived before Jaffa (the ancient Jop­ 1674. The governing charter of Dundalk, pa) in Syria, and invested the city. in the county of South Ireland, bears this 1802. County of St. Lawrence, in New date. This town was the Dundalgan of York, erected. the Irish Ossianic poems, and is of great 1808. JOHANN CHRIST FABRICIUS died, antiquity. one of the most celebrated entomologists 1681. The charter of Pennsylvania sign­ of the eighteenth century. He was born ed and sealed by Charles II, constituting 1742 at Sleswic in Denmark; studied me­ William Penn and his heirs true and ab­ dicine; but was afterwards induced to solute proprietaries of the province, saving make an especial stUdy of entomology, a to the crown their allegiance and the science at that time in its infancy. He sovereignty. adopted a new arrangement of the insect 1744..JOHN ANSTIS died; an English an­ tribe by choosing for his divisions the tiquary, and a very eminent writer on modifications observable in the parts of heraldic subjects. the mouth. 1765. WILLIAM STUKELEY, an English 1808. The French West India island antiquary, died. He wrote ably as a divine, Marigalante taken by the British. It was physician, historian and antiquary; was colonized by the French, 1647; twice taken profound in British antiquities; a good by the Dutch, and twice before by the botanist; erudite in ancient coins; drew British, and restored to the French, 1763. well, and understood mechanics. The 1810. The great Elm tree at Kensington, footsteps of the Romans were traced by Philadelphia, under which William Penn him, and the temples of the ancient Britons held his first treaty with the Indians in explored. His antiquarian researche3 ac­ 1682, was blown down. quired him the name of Arch Druid. 1815. War declared between the United 1776. The Americans took possession of States and Algiers. Dorchester heights, which were s<> far com­ 1817. LESCURE died at Beaulieuin France, pleted by day light as to excite the as­ aged 118. He enjoyed, at the time of his tonishment of the British, and render their death the vigorous use of his intellect. position in Boston extremely hazardous. 1843. Com. PORTER, a gallant American 1776. New Providence taken from the naval officer, died at Constantinople, where British by the American Commodore Eze­ he was minister from the United States to kiel Hopkins. The governor, together the Sublime-Porte. with considerable military stores, fell into 1845. Florida admitted into the Union the hands of the victors. as an independent state. 1778. American frigate Alfred, 20 guns, 1846. HENRY PURKITT, one of those who taken by the British ships Ariadne and assisted in the destruction of the tea in Ceres. Boston harbor, died, aged 91. 1782. The house of commons resolved 1855. ROBERT MILLS died, a civil engineer that it would "consider as enemies to his and architect, under whom theWashington majesty and the country, all those who Post office, Treasury building and Patent should advise or attempt the further pro­ office were erected. secution of offensive war on the American continent." March 4.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 93 1789. The first congress of the United at the Cambridge university at 7 P. M. by States assembled at New York. G. P. Pond, assistant observer, being the 1791. Vermont admitted into the Union. fourth first discovered in this country by (See Feb. 18.) this young gentleman. 1794. HENRY nE LA ROCHEJAQUELIN, the 1856. The free state legislature of Kansas hero of La Vendee, killed. The peasants assembled at Topeka. of the neighborhood having risen in the royal cause, he placed himself at their head, with this laconic harangue, "Allans MARCH 5. chercher t'ennemi,. si je recule, tuez moi,. si J'avance, suivez moi,. si je meurs, vengez maio 13. B. C. MARCUS EMILIUS LEPIDUS, one After gaining sixteen victories, he fell in of the Roman triumvirs, with Augustus single combat with a republican soldier. and Anthony, died at Cerceii. 1797. One pound or 20 shilling notes 493. OnoAcER, chief of the Heruli, mur­ first issued by the bank of England. They dered. It was reserved for him, at the were designed to take the place of the head of a tribe of barbarians almost un­ specie drained from the vaults to pay the known, to strike the decisive blow that foreign contracts. overthrew the great mistress oftheworld­ 1806. Action between the British fleet, imperial Romo. Com. Popham, and the French frigate La 1223..ALONZO II of Portugal died. His Voluntaire, 46 guns. The latter was cap­ career was begun by an attempt to deprive tured with 360 men and 217 British his sisters of their estates, and ended by prisoners. robbing the churoh. The pope, however. 1811. First report of canal commissioners interfered, and compelled him to promise in New York. to be oivil to the ecclesiastics; but death 1811. The French under Massena re­ overtook him before he had time to fulfill treated before Lord Wellington upon San­ his engagements by making restitution. tarem, in Portugal, leaving their killed and 1495. HENRY VIII granted a patent to wounded behind. John Cabot and his three sons Lewis, Se­ 1812. The charter of the first bank of bastian and Sanohius, empowering them to the United States expired by its own limit­ sail under the flag of England in quest of ation. oountries yet unoccupied by any Christian 1814. Battle of Longwood, about 100 state, to take possession of them in the miles from Detroit, in which the United name of Henry, and plant the English States troops defeated a superior British banner on the walls of their castles and force. British loss 80; American loss 8. cities, and to maintain with the inhabit­ 1814. Battle of Troyes, between the ants a traffic exclusive of all competitors, French under Oudinot and the Allies un­ and exempted from customs; under the der Schwarzenberg, in which the former condition of paying a fifth part of the free were defeated, with the loss of 10 cannon profit on every voyage to the crown. They and 3,000 prisoners. embarked two years after. 1815. United States letter of marque brig 1534. ANTONI ALLEGRI, an illustrious Aspasia, 3 guns and 25 men, captured by Italian painter, died. He lived at Parma, the British ship Voluntaire. where without any instruction he executed 1815. FRANCES ABINGTON, a celebrated some of the most perfect pictures in the English actress, died. She was the origjhal world. He is better known as Corregio, Lady Teazle. . from his birth place. 1832. JOHN FRANCIS CHAMPOLLION, the 1546. ISABELLA LOSA died; a native of French archreologist, died at Paris, aged Cordova in Spain, so illustrious for her ac­ 42. Having devoted much attention to quirements that she was honored with the the study of Egyptian antiquities, he was, degree of n. n. in 1826, appointed to superintend that de­ 1605. CLEMENT VIII (Hippolitus Aldo­ partment in the royal museum at Paris, and brandi), pope of Rome, died. He was a in 1828, wentwith an expedition of learned liberal minded and benevolent pontiff. men to Egypt, at the expense of the king, 1660. MONK'S parliament ordered the Charles X. The results of this journey printing and setting up in churches the were regarded of so great importance in solemn league and covenant. relation to the hieroglyphics, that his 1686. JAMES II forbade the bishops to manuscripts on that subject were purchased preach on controverted points. by the French government at about $9,300. 1695. HENRY WHARTON died; an Eng­ 1838. Carlists under Cabanero, entered lish divine and historian of uncommon Saragossa, but were driven out by the na­ abilities. tional guards with the loss of 120 killed 1701. ROBERT, earl of Bellamont, gove­ and 700 prisoners. nor of the province of New York, died, two 1847. A telescopic comet was discovered years after his installment into that office. 94 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 5. 1708. WILLIAM BEVERIDGE, an English Nathaniel Bowditch, in a manner credita­ divine, and bishop of St. Asaph, died, ble alike to the author, to himself and the leaving many learned and valnableworks. literature of his country. 1710. JOHN HOLT died. He had been 1827. ALESSANDRO VOLTA died. He was for more than 20 years lord chief justice of born at Como, Italy; devoted his atten­ the king's bench court in England. tion to experiments in electricity, and 1737. The servants called footmen occa­ made many important discoveries. sioned a riot at Drury lane theatre" Lon­ 1829. Battle near the river Natonebi, in don, alleging that they had been shut out Asiatic Turkey, between the Turks and of the gallery, to which they were entitled. Russians, in which the former lost 1,000 1744. At Huddersfield, Yorkshire, a Ro­ and the latter 200 men. mau temple was discovered and an altar 1837. OLIVER ELLIOT died at Mason, N. inscribed to Antonius Modestus of the H., aged 103. He was a soldier of the sixth couquering legion. French war of 1756, and of the revolu­ 1770. Boston massacre. This occur­ tionary war. rence, which is variously stated, is sup­ 1846. JOHN PICKERING, president of the posed to have arisen as follows: a crowd American Oriental society, &c., &c., died surrounded a corpora.!'s guard inthe even­ at Boston. ing, and commenced pelting them with 1849. The emperor of Austria, after a snow balls, which exasperated his majesty's series of decrees, promulgated a new con­ legions to such a pitch of valor, that they stitution. turned their muskets upon the citizens. 1853. GERVIKUS tried at Manheim for The leaden balls of the soldiers were more high treason, published in a work on the than a match for those of the people, and history of the nineteenth century, was five men fell mortally wounded. Their found guilty of exciting to sedition, and names were Mattucks, Gray, Caldwell, sentenced to ten months imprisonment, Maverick, and Carr. and his book ordered to be destroyed. 1773. PIIILIP FRANCIS died at Bath, Eng­ 1856. Covent garden theatre, London, land; distinguished as a translator of burnt at the close of a masked ball. Horace and Demosthenes. 1775. PETER LAURENCE BUYRETTE DU BELLO! died; a French comedian and tra­ MARCH 6. gedian, who by his own pieces became ex­ tremely popular in his day. 13 B. C. AUGUSTUS ClESAR assumed the 1775. The citizens of New York held a office of high priest, in which capacity he town meeting, in which it is said the destroyed 2,000 books of prophecy, for question of congress or no congress was want of authority I carried in the affirmative by the aid of 1393. JOHN HAWKWOOD, an Englisp.man, hoop poles obtained from a neighboring died at Florence. He was bred a tailor, cooper's yard. but signalized himself so greatly in the 1778. THOMAS AUGUSTUS Amm died j an wars in Italy, that he was promoted to the English musician and opera writer. He highest posts; and after his death the received the degree of doctor of music. Florentines erected a blaok marble statue 1785. JOSEPH REED died at Philadelphia, as an acknowledgment for the services he aged 43. He was one of Washington's had done them. aids in the revolutionary war, and subse­ 1521. MAGELLAN, in the service of the quently an adjutant-general, member of king of Spain, on his voyage round the congress, and govenor of Pennsylvania. world, discovered the Ladrone, or Marian 1794. County of Onondaga, in New islands, and may be considered as the first York, erected. discoverer of that portion of the world 1798. An Algerine barque arrived at called Australia. This opened the way for Baltimore, 85 days out, manned by Alge­ the subsequent discoveries made in that rines j being the first that ever entered an quarter. American port. 1557. Lord STOURTON hung at Salisbury 1811. Battle of Barrosa in Portugal, be­ in a halter of silk, to mark his dignity. tween the French under Victor, and the His crime was the murder of two persons English, Spanish and Portugese allied whom he had decoyed to his house. army, under Graham. The French were 1577. REMI BELLEAU, one of the seven defeated with the loss of 3,000; allied loss poets called the Pleiades of France, died. 2,742. He excelled as·a pastoral writer. 1827. PIERRE SIMON LAPLACE, the French 1615. The yacht Halve Maan, 80 tons bur­ mathematician, died. His principal work, den, in which Hudson entered the river which will render him an object of admi­ which bears his name, was wrecked and ration to posterity, the Mechanique Celeste, destroyed on the island of Mauritius. has .been translated by our countryman 1716. Aurora Borealis first seen in Eng- March 6.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 95 land, and was gazed upon with every de­ MARCH 7. gree of alarm till nearly three o'clock in the morning. 161. ANTONINUS PlUS, emperor of Rome, 1754. PELHAM, premier of England, died at Lorium, aged 23. died suddenly in the meridian of life. He 1274. THO¥AS AQmNAs died. He was was much opposed to the German alliances descended from the counts of Aquino, in of the kingdom, but had not influence Italy. There was a great contest for him enough in the face of a hostile court to between his family and the monks when break them up. he was a youth; but he eluded the vigi- 1762. The ghost that had for so long a lance of his keepers, became a theologian, time alarmed the people of Cocklane, Lon- and was called the evangelical doctor. His don, was detected. works have been often reprinted in 17 1767. JAMES MALFILLASTRE, a French vols. folio. poet, died. 1575. The general assembly of Scotland 1781. Battle of Whitsell's mill, an im- enacted that no comedies, nor tragedies, portant pass of Reedy fort creek, in which or such plays, shall be made on any history the British were worsted. of canonical scriptures, nor on the Sabbath 1784. FRANCIS XAVIER HALL, a Jesuit, day. professor of belles lettres and ecclesiastical. 1589. WALTHER RALEIGH, having ex­ law in sev<>ral German universities, died. pended £40,000 in attempting the coloniza- 1796. WILLIAM FRANCIS RAYNAL died. tion of Virginia, without realizing the ex­ He was a French Jesuit, who distinguished pected gain, made an assignment of his himself as a historian of the European patent to Thomas Smith and others, with settlements in both Indias, and as a politi- a donation of £100 for the benefit of the cal writer. colony. 1799. The French under Bonaparte took 1661. Gaffe and Whalley, the regicides, Jaffa by assault. The garrison consisted of arrived at New Haven, where by the con­ 1,200 Turkish artillery and 2,500 Magrubins nivance of the deputy governor and clergy­ or Arnauts who were put to the sword. man, they effectually eluded discovery 1812. JAMES MADISON, an eminent Amer- during the remainder of their lives. ican prelate, died, aged 63. His great at- 1755. THOMAS WILSON died; bishop of tainments placed him in the presidential Sodor and Man, an excellent prelate and chair of William and Mary college at the an eminent writer on theology. early age of 28, and the reputation of the 1769. SAMUEL DERRICK died; originally institution advanced under his charge. a linen draper in Dublin; subsequently a 1815. LEWIS XVIII declared Napoleon writer of pamphlets in London, and finally Bonaparte a traitor and a rebel, for having master of ceremonies at Bath and Tun­ entered by main force the department of bridge. the Val'. 1771. THOMAS MARTIN, an English anti- 1815. A great riot around the British quarian, died. He wrote a history of his parliament house, on account of the corn own native town, and made a valuable col- bill. A great many lives lost. leotion of antiquities, &c. 1817. Insurrection at Pernambuco, Bra- 1777. JAMES AITKEN, alias John the zils, headed by Domingos Jose Martins. painter, was hanged on a gallows 60 feet in The insurgents took possession ofthe town, height for setting fire to the rope yard at and the governor fled to Rio de Janeiro. Portsmouth. He confessed his having set 1822. Owing to a strong south-west fire to the vessels at Bristol quay and that wind the tide in the Thames near London he was stimulated to these acts by Silas bridge was so low, that several persons Dean of the American congress. forded the river and picked up many 1778. American frigate Randolph, Capt. valuable articles that had laid for years on Nicholas Biddle, 36 guns and 305 men, the bottom of the river. blown up about 9 at night, in an action of 1825. SAMUEL PARR, an eminent English fifteen minutes with the 13ritish ship Yar­ divine and critic, died. He was possessed mouth, 64 guns. Capt. Biddle perished, of a prodigious memory, and in curialIs at the age of 27; only 4 of the crew were and elegant classical knowledge he seems saved. to have been at the head of the English 1781. A British soldier jumped over the scholars of his day. pallisades at Gibraltar, and notwithstanding 1838. VILETTE EASTON, a colored woman, 1143 musket balls were fired at him, suc­ died at Providence,Rhode Island, at the age ceeded in reaching the Spanish lines, wav- of 110. iug his hat. 1854. The block of marble sent by the 1788. Clinton county, in New York, pope as a contribution to Washington's erected. monument, was destroyed by unknown 1794. Revolution at Warsaw. The Rus- persons at night. sians with Gen. Inglestrom and their am- 96 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 7. bassador, driven out of the city by the 1721. Pope CLEMENT XI died, aged 72. Poles. He reigned over twenty years. 1794. The mulatto Gen. Bellegarde and 1748. The British squadron, Admiral his second, Pelocque, with 300 followers, Knowles, attacked and carried Port Louis, surrendered to the British at St. Domingo. in St. Domingo, which he also destroyed. The chiefs were sent to the United States. The French lost about 130 killed; British 1795. The British squadron, Sir Edward loss 2(l) killed and 50 wounded. Pellew, captured near the Penmarks, 8 1750. An earthquake at London which French vessels, burnt 2 ships, 3 brigs and shook the whole city. It occurred at half 2 sloops. past five in the morning, awoke people 1801. The British expedition under Lord tram their sleep, threw some persons out Keith, consisting of nearly 200 sail and an of bed and rung the bells. army of 15,330 men, arrived in Aboukir 1757. THOMAS BLACKWELL, an eminent bay, Egypt. Scottish writer, died. His modesty was 1803. FRANCIS EDGERTO;';', duke ofBridge­ such that he published his works anony­ water, died. He was the projector of the mously. Medway canal in England. 1766. The bill repealing the American 1804. British and Foreign Bible society stamp act received the royal assent, and founded in London. A clergyman of Wales, was passed. whom the want of a Welsh Bible led to 1766. WILLIAM CHAMBERS, the architect, London, occasioned its establishment. died. He was born in Sweden, but was 1808. The Portuguese royal familyar­ brought over to England at two years of rived in Brazil, fleeing before the arms of age. As an architect, the building of Napoleon to the colonies. Somerset house will place his name with 1809. Sehenectady county, New York, the best of the British schools. He was taken from Albany. the author of several works, principally on 1810. CUTHBERT COLLINGWOOD, the Eng­ architecture. lish admiral, died in his ship oft' Minorca. 1775. An inhabitant of the town of Bil­ He entered the British navy at an early lercia, Mass., tarred and feathered by the age, and by his talents rose to the highest British troops. The British were the first rank. His most distinguished service was to introduce this practice, which afterwards the part he bore at the battle of Trafalgar. became a popular mode of punishing to­ On the fall of Nelson in that conflict, the ries. command devolved on him. The victory 1793. The French national convention on that occasion was attributable to the abolished imprisonment for debt, and de­ nautical skill, prudence and courage of creed that all actually confined for debt in Collingwood; and his ship was the first to the republic should be set at liberty. From break through the French line. this law however were excepted all de­ 1814. Battle of Craonne in France, in faulters in public money. which theF;hch under Victor and Ney 1793. The city of Liege in Belgium, defeated tlie -~llie~, took 6 generals and taken by the Austrians. about 6,000 prisoners. 1796. A viscid and resinous substance 1828. RICHARD STOCTON, a son of the fell near Bautzen, in Upper Lusatia, com­ signer of the Declaration of American In­ posed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. dependence of that name, died at Prince­ Several distinguished men of science ex­ ton, New Jersey. He was one of the fore­ amined specimens of it. It had the smell roost supporters of Washington's adminis­ of the yellowish and verymuch dried gum tration. of the jnniper. 1844. Florida. admitted into the Union. 1796. Banda, an East India island, taken (Query 3d.) by the British under Admiral Rainer. A large quantity of spices and considerable MARCH 8. money fell into the hands of the victors. 1799. Cayuga county, New York, erected. 1096. WALTER the Pennyless departed 1799. MASSENA took by assault the fort­ from France with the van of the Crusaders. ress of Luciensteig, cut out of the rock in 1639. DUDLEY DIGGES, master of the the channel of the Rhine. This opened a rolls under Charles I, died. He was noted passage through the Rhretian Alps. for his patriotism, and was the author of 1801. The British effected a landing in several literary performances. Egypt, at Aboukir bay, with the loss of 1663. The great frost at Paris, which had 700 men. The French under Menou op­ endured three months, broke up on this posed their landing with great bravery. day. 1803. FRANCIS EGERTON, duke of Bridge­ 1702. WILLIAM III of England, died. He water, died, He is styled the father of was celebrated as a politician, and formid­ canal navigation in England. He planned abl9 as a generlll. (16th?) the Worsley canal, near Manchester, which March 8.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 97 he completed with the assistance of Brind­ 1615. FAANCIS BEAUMONT, an English ley. He died immensely rich. dramatist buried. He was jointly concerned 1804. Goeree, an island of the Nether­ with Fletcher in the production of several lands, which had fallen into the hands of excellent plays, and assisted Jonson in the French a few weeks previous, was re­ some of his. He died under 30 years of taken by the British on this day. age. 1807. SAWREY GILPIN, an English painter, 1649. The duke of Hamilton, earl of died. He excelled particularly in delineat­ Holland and Lord Capel beheaded with ing animals. His masterpiece is a group others who were suspected of royalism. of tigers. Bad faith is attributed to their judges. 1808. Third day's action between the 1661. JULIUS MAZARIN died; cardinal British frigate St. Fiorenza and th3 French and prime minister of France under Louis frigate Piedmontaise, 50 guns, off cape XIV. His name is identified with the his­ Comorin. '1'he action lasted one hour and tory of his time. twenty minutes, when the French struck, 1678. Ghent surrendered to Louis XIV having 48 killed and wounded. The Brit­ of France. ish lost 17 killed besides their commander, 1679. A declaration forbidding pardon Capt. Hardinge. to be granted to any who killed another in 1814. Lord WELLINGTON defeated the a duel, issued by the council of England. French and entered Bordeaux. 1694. GASPARD SAGITTARIUS, a German 1814. Unsuccessful attack by the British historian, died. He was an able supporter under Gen. Skerret upon Bergen-op-Zoom. of the doctrines of the reformation. Of 4,500 British it is supposed that not 1735. Violent hurricane occurred at more than 1,500 escaped. Kilverton in Norfolk rolling the lead of the 1815. Action between the British ship roofs of houses and doing in the few Tiber, Capt. Dacres, and the American minutes it lasted, incredible d~mage. A privateer Leo, 7 guns, 93 men, Capt. Hemes, strong smell of sulphur followed. which resulted in the capture of the latter. 1762. JOSEPH CALAS, a merchant of 1819. REGNAULT DE ST. JEAN D'ANGELY, Toulouse, executed on the wheel. He was a French statesman under BODaparte, died unjustly condemned for the murder of his at his ancient seat, on the day following own son. His innocence was confirmed by his return from exile, of gout in the a public arret, on this day the next year. stomach. 1770. WILLIAM GUTHRIES, a voluminous 1844. CHARLES JOHN BERNADOTTE, king Scottish writer, died. He became celebrat­ of Sweden, died, aged 81. He rose from ed as a bookmaker, and lent his name to the humble rank of a sergeant in the army, the works of less popular authors. to the highest rank und~r Bonaparte; and 1778. Great council at Johnstown be­ in 1810 founded a new dynasty in Sweden. tween the Six nations and New York com­ Having fortunately joined the allied powers pany. in 1812 against Napoleon, he survived the 1782. Mangalore, a seaport of Hindostan, overthrow of the other newly erected dy­ surrendered to the British under General nasties, and transmitted the crown to his Matthews. son, Os~r I. 1783. MlCHAEL ETMULLER, a German physician, died. His works have been MARCH 9. published in 5 vols. folio. 1793. Congress passed the act to organize 1403. BAJAzET I, sultan of Turkey, died. the militia; enacting the enrollment of He was celebrated as a warrior, but his dis­ every able bodied white male citizen be­ position was cruel and tyrannical. Being tween the ages of 18 and 45. conquered by Tamerlane, and exposed by 1795. The Fingal, or 118th regiment, him in an iron cage, he dashed his head mutinied at Birmingham, England. against the bars of his prison, and killed 1796. CHARETTE, the famous Vendean himself. chief, tried and shot at Nantes, aged about 1405. Battle of Grosmont, in which 33. He refused to have his eyes bandaged, Henry IV defeated the Welch under Grif­ and gave the signal to fire himself. iith Glendowr. 18U1. JOHANN CHRISTIAN ACKERMANN, a 1566. DAVID RICCI (or Rizzio), an Italian celebrated German physician and biblio­ musician, residing at the court of Mary, grapher, died, aged 45. queen of Scots, assassinated in her presence. 1810. London rendered impassable for His skillful performance of the national several hours by a heavy rain. melodies of Scotland, tended not a little 1811. Battle of Pombal, in Portugal, in to their general improvement with the which the French were defeated with the higher classes. loss of 470, by the British. 1609. WILLIAM WARNER, an English 1812. JOHN HENRY'S plot to dismember poet, died; author of .I111Jio.n's England. the Union disclosed to congress. Henry 13 98 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 9 received $50,000 public money for dis­ 1776. ELIAS CATHERINE FRERON, a French closing it, and sailed immediately for litterateur, died. He was the constant France. subject of Voltaire's satire, who called him 1814. Battle of Laon, in which Napoleon the tyrant, rather than the king of litera­ was defeated by Marshal Blucher. ture. 1822. EDWARD DANIEL CLARKE, profes­ 1776. The British soldiery, contrary to sor of mineralogy at Cambridge and a ce­ orders, plundered Boston. lebrated traveler and tourist, died. 1783. ANTHO;\,Y LOYDI, a farmer of Amez­ 1823. JOHN HENRY VAN SWINDEN, a Dutch quet, Spain, died, aged 114. He had never philosopher, died. He was an author on been sick until a few days before his death, various subjects, and a man of great erudi­ always abstained from wine and tobacco, tion. and retained his senses, his teeth and hair 1825. ANNA LETITIA BARBAULD, an Eng­ until he died. lish authoress of great reputation in her 1785. N. SABLIER, an eminent French day, died. ~he was early taught the author, died at Paris. languages, and became distinguished for 1789. The city of London brillantly il­ her learning. She retained great vigor of luminated on account of the convalescence mind and body to the extreme age of 90. of the king. 1834. Snow fell at Rome, the first event 1792. JOHN, earl of Bute, died. He of the kind on record in 240 years. (See was made prime minister of England, March 25, 1595.) from which he voluntarily retired to enjoy 1840. GEORGE GLEIG died at Stirling, a life of learned leisure. Scotland, aged 87; distinguished for more 1797. The city of Albany made the ca­ than half a century as a scholar, critic, pital of the state of New York. metaphysician and theologian. 1797. Delaware county, in the state of 1847. Battle of Vera Cruz. New York, erected. 1812. BONAPARTE issued a decree de­ nationalizing all flags that should submit to MARCH 10. the British orders in council. 1813. Action at night in Chesapeake bay 222. HELIOGABALUS, emperor of Rome, between the United States schooner Adeline assassinated. He was a cruel, vindictive and the British schooner Lottery; the lat­ and licentious tyrant. ter it is supposed was sunk. 1333. LADISLAUS III of Poland died. He 1819. FREDERICK HENRY JACOBI, a Ger­ oppressed the people till they revolted and man philosophical writer, died. placed Wenceslaus upon the throne. On 1820. BENJAMIN WEST, the painter, died the death of the latter he was reinstated at London, aged 82. He was born at .and governed with justice and moderation. Springfield, Penn., 1738. The first indica­ 1668. JOHN DENHAM, a British poet, died. tions of his genius were elicited at the age One of his poems, Cooper's HiU, is com­ of seven years, by drawing the portrait of mended by the ablest critics. his sleeping sister in red and black ink. 1673. HENRIETTA COLIGNI, a French poet­ He began painting as a profession at the ess of much celebrity, died. age of 18, and four years after 'went to 1683. The first council and assembly of England. He was subsequently induced Pennsylvania met at Chester. The session by Sir Joshua Reynolds to take up his occupied 22 days. residence in London, where he acquired a 1686. JAMES II granted a general pardon reputation seldom attained, and at the time to many of his subjects, excepting among of his death was president of the Royal others the girls of Taunton who gave a academy. Bible and sword to Monmouth. James 1826. JOHN PINKERTON, an eminent and never favored the Bible. voluminous Scottish author, died at Paris, 1726. The LyfoJrl giant born; when five aged 68. years of age he could lift one hundred 1829. The William and Anne, a British weight with one hand. trading vessel, wrecked at the mouth of 1736. WILLIAM COSBY, captain general Columbia river, on the north-west coast of and commander in chief of the province America, and the whole crew, 16 Europeans of New York, died, almost universally de­ and 10 Sandwich islanders, murdered by tested. the natives. 1774. WILLIAM BROWNE, an English 1833. SAMUEL TUCKER, an American re­ physician, died. The active part he took volutionary commodore, died at Bremen, in the contest against the licentiates, oc­ Maine. He was distinguished as a brave casioned his being. introduced by Foote and able commander, and at the time of into his play of the Devil upon Two Sticks. his death, was supposed to have been, He is distinguished by many lively essays next to Lafayette, the highest surviving in English and Latin prose and verse. officer of the revolution. March 10.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 99 1855. JAMES BROWN, an eminent book­ 1809. HANNAH COWLEY died, aged 66. publisher of Boston, Mass., died, aged 55. She was born at Tiverton, England, and He not only was eminent~in his profession, distinguished as a poetress, and a dramatic but possessed the taste and spirit of a writer. scholar. 1811. Badajos in Spain surrendered to 1855. CARLOS, the claimant of the Span­ the French under Sault. About 9,000 ish throne from the time of the death of prisoners were taken, 170 cannon, 80,000 Ferdinand in 1833, died at Trieste, where quintals of gunpowder, a large quantity of he was known as the conde de Molina. infantry cartridges,and two complete bridge 1855. The college building at Prince­ equipages. ton, N. J., known as Nassau hall, was des­ 1812. PHILIP JAMES DE LOUHTERBOURG, a troyed by fire. It was built in 1756. and distinguished landscape painter, died at in the Revolutionary war was used for London. He was born at Strasburgh, 1740, barracks, by both the British and Ameri­ and studied under Casanova. He gained cans. considerable reputation by his paintings at Paris, after which he went over to Eng­ MARCH 11. land. Here he got up under the name of Eidophusikon, a novel and highly ingeni­ 1302. The marriage of ROMEO MONTOC­ ous exhibition, displaying the changes of CHIO with JULIET CAPELLETTO was solemn­ the elements and their phenomena, in a ized at the church of the Minorites, at calm, a moonlight, a sunset and a storm at· Citadella. These were Shakespeare's Romeo sea. and Juliet. . 1813. Action off Surinam river between 1444. The univeTI;ity of Paris issued a the United States privateer schooner Gen. circular addressed to all the French clergy, Armstrong, 18 guns, and a British 24 gun, expressing the opinion of the church, that frigate. The prIvateer sustained the attack the feast offools, about the calends of Janu­ 45 minutes within pistol shot, and suc­ ary, was a well imagined institution, con­ ceeded in escaping with the loss of 6 killed nected with Christianity, and that those and 16 wounded. who attempted to suppress it should be 1848. HENRY WHEATON, an American curst and excommunicate. statesman, philanthropist and classic writ­ 1513. JOHN MEDIer elected pope and as­ er, died at Roxbury, Mass. Sumed the title of Leo X. From his grave 1856. President RIVAS, of Nicarauga, de­ appearance it was often said he seemed clared war against Costa Rica. never to have been a child. 1544. Birthday of TORQUATO TASSO, styled the prince of Italian poets. MARCH 12. 1669. The memorable eruption of Mount Etna began at sunset. 1470. Battle of Erpingham, in England, 1722. JOHN TOLAND, a very famous Eng­ and defeat of the rebels under Sir Robert lish political, polemical and miscellaneous Welles. writer and antiquary, died at Putney. 1507. ClIlSAR BORGIA killed by a cannon 1732. PETER CHIRAC, a French author shot before the castle of Biano. He was and physician to the king, died. the natural son of Pope Alexander VI, and 1732. KOULI KHAN, usurped the Persian by him invested with the purple. He was throne. a man of such conduct and character that 1738. It was ascertained that 12,000 Machiavel has thought fit to propose him, persons were convicted in London in a few in his famous book, called The Prince, as a months for selling gin without a license, pattern to all princeswho would act the part and 3,000 paid a fine of £10 rather than be of wise and polite tyrants. He allowed no committed to the house of correction. one to stand in his way to promotion from 1744. Action off Toulon between part of any scruples to removing them by the the British fleet under Matthews and Les­ foulest means. tack, and the combined French and Span­ 1578. ALEXAl',1JER PrccOLOMINI died; au­ ish fleets. thor of dramatic and other pieces. He was 1797. Two discharged servants informed the first who used the Italian language in the police that Ladies Buckinghamshire, philosophical subjects, Luttrel and Stuart played faro, in conse­ 1581. WILLIAM FULKE preached a ser­ quence of which their ladyships were fined. mon within the tower of London in the 1800. The Royal institution of London hearing of such obstinate papists as were for the promotion of the fine arts held there imprisoned. their first sitting, . 1612. The third charter of Virginia 1808. Franklin, Chatauque, Cattaraugus granted, by which new privileges and im­ and Niagara counties in the state of New munities were given for the encouragement York, erected. of the colony. 100 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 12. 1664. CHARLES II, of England, granted ed the Piave, having defeated the Aus­ to his brother the duke of York, all Mat­ trians who opposed their passage. tawacks, now Long Island; all Hudson's 1801. The British fleet sailed from Abou­ river, and all the lands from the west side kir bay, Egypt, and the army under Aber­ of Connecticut river to the east side of Del­ crombie, having effected their landing, aware bay, together with the royalties and took up their line of march for Alexan­ rights of government. dria. 1676. Action between the French fleet 1807. British order in council, interdict­ under Duquesne, and the Spanish and ing all trade between port and port in Dutch fleets under De Ruyter, who was France. mortally wounded. 1809. GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IV, king of 1682. Chelsea h6spital, England, found­ Sweden, dethroned, and the reigns of the ed. government assumed by his uncle the duke 1683. The first assembly of Pennsylva­ of Sudermania, afterwards Charles XIII. nia was holden at Philadelphia, two years (By some authorities, March 15.) from the time that Penn obtained the 1811. The French under Massena at­ charter. tacked at Redinha, Portugal, by the duke 1697. LUDOVICK MUGGLETON, a schism­ of Wellington, and compelled to fall back. atic English tailor, died. He entertained 1813. Warren couuty, N. Y., erected. notions peculiar to himself, and damned 1814. The allied British and Portuguese, all who differed from him. He was pil­ under Marshal Beresford, took possesion loriedand imprisoned, and his books burnt of Bordeaux in France, in the name of by the hangman. Louis XVIII. 1703. AUBREY DE VERE died. His fa­ 1819. ROBERT WATT, author of the Bib­ ther was the valiant Robert de VerA, who liotheca Britannica, died. His family were married the dau@:hter of a Friesland boor, severe sufferers by the failure of Constable named Beatrix Van Hemims. He was & Co., of Edinburgh. lord of the bed chamber to Charles I; was 1837. M. DE PRADI', archbishop of Ma­ found so passive under Cromwell, that he lines, died at Paris, aged 78. He bore a escaped even the fine; conformed to the conspicuous part in the political history of manners of the court of Charles II; went France, was often employed in important ovor from James II to William the con­ missions, and was the author of many po­ queror; and was graceful in old age at the litical publications. court of Queen Anne. He had been privy 1843. LITTLETON HUNT, aged 107, died councilor to each of these sovereigns, and at Guinett, Ga. When a soldier of the re­ was hereditary lord chamberlain, senior volutionary army he was severely wounded knight of the garter, and premier earl of at the battle of Eutaw springs. England. 1844. EDWARD R. SHUBRICK, a brave and 1713. STEELE co=enced his paper The accomplished American naval officer, died Guardian. on board his ship, the. Columbia, off the 1716. ISAAC BRIAND was fined £2000 by coast of Brazil, aged 50. the court of aldermen, London, for marry­ 1846. JONATHAN ELLIOT, a well known. ing Miss Elizabeth Watson, an orphan of newspaper editor and political writer, died 13 years of age and a great fortune, without at Washington, D. C. their consent. 1854. HUGH MACPHERSON died, aged 86 ; 1761. The shock of an earthquake felt for 61 years professor of Greek at the uni­ in Massachusetts and the adjoining states, versity of Aberdeen. at halfpast two in the morning. 185'7. Rail road accident on the Great 1768. Six students of Edmund hall, Ox­ Western railway in Canada, by which a ford, were expelled the university for great number of persons were killed at a methodism. Their crime was praying, bridge over the Des Jardins canal. expounding the scriptures and singing 1857. JOHN JOHNSON, an old revolution­ psalms. ary soldier, died in Alleghany township, 1772. Montgomery (originally Tyron) Westmoreland county, Penn., aged 103. ('ounty, N. Y., erected. . He served in the continental army during 1775. The earl of Effingham resigned the whole of the revolutionary war; fought his command in a regiment ordered to at the battles of the White plains, Trenton, America. He refused to bear arms against Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown,~on­ his fellow subjects in the colonies. mouth, Stony point, Guilford court house, 1780. The British garrison at Mobile, and Yorktown where Lord Cornwallis Capt. Durnford, capitulated to the Spani­ capitulated and surrendered to Gen. Wash­ ards under Don Bernardo de Galvez. The ington, in all the battles and skirmishes garrison consisted of 284 regulars, 54 in­ of Gen. Anthony Wayne; and at the storm­ habitants and 51 armed Indians. ing of Stony point by Wayne, he formed 1797. The French under Serrurier cross- one of theforlorn hope. March 13.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 101

MARCH 13. terized by a faithfulness to nature, and are totally unaffected. 565. BELISARIUS, a distinguished Roman 1695. PETER MIGNARD, an eminent general, died. He is memorable for his French painter, died. He was director signal and momentous victories, and for and chancellor of the royal academy of his misfortunes. He was degraded to beg painting. alms at the gates of Constantinople by the 1717. JOHN BELL, the traveler, arrived at ungrateful emperor Justinian, to whom Ispahan, the residence of the Persian court, he had rendered the most important ser­ being in thl' retinue of the Russian ambas­ vices. sador, in the quality of physician. They 1470. Battle near Stamford, England, in were nearly two years on their journey which Edward IV gained an important from St. Petersburgh. victory over his adversaries. 1726. MICHAEL BERNARD VAL_TIN, a 1493. COLUMBUS arrived at Palos, from German botanist and professor of medi­ his first voyage of discovery. cine at Giessen, died. He was an author 1519. CORTEZ, on his expedition for the on both sciences. conquest of Mexico, landed at the mouth 1775. GEORGE III gave his assent to the of the river Tabasco, and prepared to at­ act rl'straining the commerce of New Jer­ tack the town of the same name, in which sey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and about 12,000 warriors had assembled. Call­ South Carolina. ing upon St. Jago, he fell upon the Indians, 1778. CHARLES LE BEAU, an eminent who were repulsed. French scholar, died. He was professor of 1521. MAGELLAN discovered the Phillip­ belles ll'ttres at Paris, and author of a ine islands, on one of which he was killed history of the lower empire, iu 22 vols. by the natives. 1779. KERIM KHAN, king of Persia, died 1573. MICHAEL DE L'HosPITAL, chan­ a natural death, an extraordinary circum­ cellor of France, died. He was distin­ stance in the modern history of that coun­ guished for the ability, integrity and mild­ try. He was of the family of an obscure ness of his administration, which was cast tribe of robbers, the Zund~ of Kirdistan. in the midst of turbulence and faction. 1781. HERSCHEL discovered the planet 1604. ARNAUD D'OSSAT, a celebrated which bears his name, then the most dis­ French cardinal and statesman, died. tant of all the known planets, its revolution His Despatches is highly recommended to round the sun occupying a period of not the ambassador who hopes to succeed in less than 83 of our years. He had devo­ his object. ted 18 months in surveying the heavens 1614. BARTHOLOMEW LEGAT burnt at star by star, with a seven feet reflector Smithfield for the heresy of Arianism, when he made the discovery of this pri­ under the reign of James 1. mary planet. 1676. Attack on Groton, Mass., by a body 1798. The body of a hair dresser at New­ of 400 Indians, who had concealed them­ port, England, was buried in the highway; selves as usual in every part of the town reason assigned, his gluttonous eating, during the night, in order to shoot down whereof he died. the inhabitants as they issued from their 1799. A fire broke out at Constantinople doors. The town was gathered into five which destroyed 1300 houses, including .garrisons, as those houses were called the hotels of the British minister, and which were palisaded and otherwise pro­ Austrian internuncio, and several other tected from assault. Every man went magnificent edifices. constantly armed; and thus on a moment's 1801. Battle near Lake Maadie in Egypt, warning, two of the enemy having been between the British and French forces, in accidentally discovered, pursuit was made which the former were the greatest suffer­ until they were drawn into an ambush ers, losing 143 killed and 946 wounded. and compelled to retreat. Another am­ 1808. CHRISTIAN VII of Denmark, died. bush in the meantime fell upon.the oppo­ He may be said to have been virtually site part of the town, and the flames arose dead for many years. from every unprotected building. Having 1813. EDWARD LONG died. During a pillaged every thing that fell in their way, residence in the West Indies he collected and cast every indignity upon the bodies materials for his History of Jamaica, in 3 of their victims, they gave the garrison vols. quarto. It contains a large mass of two or three volleys and disappeared. valuable information, and many spirited About 40 dwellings were burnt, with their delineations of colonial scenery and man­ outhouses; the town soon after broke up, ners. He returned to England and spent and the inhabitants scattered to other set­ the remainder of his long life in literary tlements of greater safety. pursuits. 1695. JOHN DE LA FONTAINE, the French 1815. The allied powers engaged to aid poet, died. His compositions are charao- Louis XVIII and declared Bonaparte to 102 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 13. be without the pale of social and civil re­ prince of Wales; and his Fleming follow­ lations. ers carried hand-guns, which is the first 1815. General JACKSON having received account of them in England. the ratification of the treaty of peace, re­ 1519. FERNAXDO CORTEZ, having taken voked his order relative to martial law, possession of the Indian town of Tabasco ordered a final cessation of hostilities, and on the day of his landing in the country granted a general pardon for all military of Mexico, now marched out with his offences. The British took with them 199 troops to a plain, where he was attacked by negroes. an immense body of Indians, who wound­ 1824. SOPIDA LEE, an English dramatic ed above seventy of his soldiers at the writer and poetess,died, aged 74. The first dIscharge of their weapons. The profits of her comedy of the Chapter of Spanish artillery did great execution, but .Ilccident{, were of great benefit to herself when the cavalry came to the charge, and sisters. the Indians, imagining the horse and rider 1835. A remarkable eruption of Vesu­ to be one, were extremely terrified, and vius took place. fled to the woods and marshes, leaving 1845.' JOHN FREDERICK DANIEL, who con­ the field to the Spaniards. tributed so much to lighting the cities of 1640. MANASSES DE PAS died; a French Europe with gas, died of apoplexy general, distinguished for his valor. His while attending a meeting of the royal so­ abilities were equally displayed in the cab­ ciety, in London. inet, as ambassador to the courts of Swe­ 1848. AMBROSE SPENCER died at Lyons, den and Germany. He died of the Wayne co., N. Y.; one of those jurists wounds he received at the siege of Thi­ who gave such a preeminence to the su­ onville. preme court of the state of New York. 1644. ROGER WILLIAMS having been 1852. Ninety-five Americans who were sent to England as agent for Rhode Island engaged in the Lopez expedition against and Providence, obtained of the earl of Cuba, and captured and sent to Spain, ar­ Warwick a patent for the incorporation of rived in New York, having been pardoned the towns of Providence, Newport and by the queen and sent home. I Portsmouth, with the power of govern­ 1853. The funeral of Mademe RASPAIL, at ing themselves, but subject to the laws of Paris was the occasion of a formidable so­ England. cialist demonstration; 40,000 persons 1660. WILLIAM LEDRA, a quaker, hanged marching in procession to Pere la Chaise. by the puritans of Massachusetts, on con­ 1854. A convention signed betweenEng­ viction of having returned from banish­ land, France and Turkey, against Russia. ment, to which he had been condemned 1855. The floor vf the new town hall, for his faith. at Meredith, N. H., gave way, while 800 1676. Attack on Northampton, Mass., persons were present attending an election; by a body of Narraganset Indians, of Phi­ 300 were precipitated below, several killed lip's party. The town had been fortified and a large number had their bones bro­ by palisades, set up a little while before for ken. their better security against the savages. The Indians broke through these in three places, and succeeded in killing six per­ MARCH 14. sons and firing a few dwellings; but a company of soldiers being at that time 1262. HUGO DE ST. CARO, a Dominican, quartered in the town, the enemy were died. He deserves to be placed in the speedily repulsed with the loss of many of first rank of sacred critics and patrons of their lives. literature. The Dominicans are indebted 1710. MICHAEL BEGON, a French avocat, to him for their celebrated Correctorium died. He also distinguished himself in Bibliorium, and the first concordance of the the marines, and.as governor of the French Bible, that is of the Latin Vulgate; a com­ West India islands. ment on the old and new testament, and 1712. MARY, countess of Falconberg, for the division of the Bible into chapters. daughter of Oliver Cromwell, died. She He undertook to procure a union of the possessed great beauty, spirit and activity; Greek and Roman churches. and on the deposition of her brother, 1369. PETER THE CRUEL, king of Castiltl, exerted herself for the restoration of killed. He manifested the most wanton in­ Charles II. humanityin his private and public life, by 1745. Fort Augustus blown up by the which he became odious to the people, and forces of the pretender to the crown of was killed by his brother. England. 1471. EDWARD IV of England returned 1754. PETER CLAUDE NIVELLE DE LA from exile, and landed at Ravenspur; in CHAUSSE, an admired French poet, died. his bonnet he wore an ostrich feather as Though favored by fortune, he preferred March 14.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 103 the honors of literature to all other dis­ 1823. General DUMOURIER, a name that tinctions, and acquired celebrity by his fills some interesting pages of modern his­ dramatic pieces, which possess great merit. tory, died in his 85th year, at rurville 1757. JOHN BYNG shot at Portsmouth. park, near London. He served under his father admiral George 1835. Treaty with the Cherokee Indians, Byng, and rose to the same rank himself. by which they ceded all their lands east of His attempt to relieve Fort St. Philip in the Mississippi, and agreed to retire to a Minorcaproving abortive, when blockaded territory guarantied to them in Arkan­ by a French fleet under La .Glassionere, sas, in consideration of the sum of $5,262,­ and hi8 hesitation in engaging the enemy 251. when a bold attick might perhaps have 1836. JOHN MAYNE, a Scotch poet, died gained him the victory, excited the clamor near London, at an advanced age. His of the nation against him, and he was chief poem is The Siller Gun, four cantos. doomed to meet the penalty of cowardice. 1854. Steam boat Reindeer burst a flue 1758. GENERAL WADE died. In 1715, at Cannelton, Indiana, by which 50 per­ he commanded against the forces of the sons were killed. pretender to the throne, and remained in 1855. The new suspension bridge at Scotland as commander-in-chief after the Niagara falls crossed for the first time by a war was ended. It was during this period locomotive and train of cars. that he eut the celebrated military road through the highlands, which facilitated the improvement and civilization of the MARCH 15. country more than all the measures resort­ ed to before the reign of George 1. It was 44 B. C. CAIUS JULIUS C.lESAR, the Ro­ he who introduced the bill into parliament man general, assissinated in the senate which disarmed and changed the dress of house. He perished at 5 o'clock in the the highlanders. afternoon by 23 wounds. As a soldier, he 1793. Battle of Tirlemont, in which the was unquestionably the greatest except prince of Saxe Coburg defeated the French one in the history of mankind; his char­ under DUIIJ,Ourier, who lost 33 cannon and acter as a eitizen is variously stated by dif­ 3,000 men. ferent factions. He is said to have fought 1795. Action off Genoa between the 500 battles, conquered 300 nations, taken British and French fleets, in which the 800 cities, defeated 3,000,000 men, and latter were defeated, with the loss of the slain 1,000,000 on the field of battle. Caira, 80 guns, 3,000 men, and the Cen­ 35. LONGINUS, the penitent, who is said seur, 74 guns, 1,000 men. to have pierced the side of Christ, was 1799. WILLIAM MEL!lOTH died. He dis­ killed at Cappadocia, probably in this tinguished himself as the translator of the vear. Epistles of Pliny and Cicero, and was the • 1079. A reformation in the Persian cal­ author of poems, letters and memoirs. endar effected by a general assembly of 1800. DAINES BARRINGTON, an English the Eastern astronomers. It is called the lawyer, antiquary, and miscellaneous wri­ Gelale~n era, but is only a renovation of ter, died. He abandoned his offices, which that of Zoroaster, which had been neg­ he discharged with great dignity, to de­ lected after the fall of the Magian empire. vote himself to literary pursuits, which he 1527. Pope CLEMENT VII concluded a loved. His writings are numerous. treaty with Lannoy, viceroy of Naples, 1803. FRIEDRICH GOTTLIEB KLOPSTOCK, which the duke of Bourbon disregarded, died. He was born at Quedlinburg, 1724; and marched for Rome. studied the languages, became familiar 1573. MICHAEL DE L'HosPITAL died. with the classic writers, and formed the Few French statesmen were more liberal resolution of writing a great epic poem. than him. He narrowly escaped the Bar­ In 1745 he studied theology atJena, where tholomew ma.~sacre, and his daughter, who he commenced in solitude the first canto had embraced the reformed religion was of The Messiah. This work he finished saved by the widow duchess of Guise, who about 1790. It procured him great celeb. concealed her. rity in the north of Europe, so that he was 1617. THO)IAS EGERTON, an eminent and received with great respect and veneration learned English lawyer, died. He was wherever he went. His funeral was at­ chancellor under James 1. tended by the principal men of Hamburg, 1655. THEODORE MAYERNE, an em{nent in 126 carriages. physician, died. He was born in Switzer_ 1813. Delaware river blockaded by the land, studied in France, and settled in British ships Poietiers, Belvidere, &c. England in the service of James I, where 1813. On this and the preceding day he died. snow and hail of a red color, with much 1660. Dr. WREN, bishop of Ely, released red dust and red rain fell overall 'ruscany. after fifteen years' imprisonment. 104 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 15. 1665. JAMES, duke of York, established 300 killed and several hundred pris­ at Guntieet the first regular system of na­ oners. val warfate in England. 1840. JAMES RILEY, an American sea 1672. The famed act of indulgence, captain, died at sea, aged 63. He is well passed by Charles II, containing a clause known as the author of Riley'. Narrative, for liberty of conscience. which contains an account of his captivity 1743. JOHN BAPTIST MOLINIER died; a and sufferings in Northern Africa. distinguished preacher and theologial wri­ 1856. The steam ferry boat, New Jersey,' ter of Toulouse. while cr@ssing the Delaware frOID Philadel­ 1754. DENYS FRANCIS SECOUSSE, a learned phia to Camden, took fire and a large num­ Frenchman, died. He was one of the first ber of persons perished. pupils of Rollin, and left the bar for the study of literature. 1781. Battle of Guilford court house, in MARCH 16. North Carolina, in which 4,400 Americans, principally militia, under Gen. Greene, 404 B. c. Athens was taken by Ly­ were defeated by 2,400 British regulars un­ sander and the tyranny of the 30 com­ der Cornwallis. Loss of the Americans menced. 400 killed; British loss 532 killed. 37. CLAUDIUS DRUSUS NERO TIBERIUS, 1784. TIIOMAS FRANKLIN, an English emperor of Rome, died. On his accession scholar and divine, died. He was pos­ to the throne, he gave promise of a wise sessed of no inconsiderable share of learn­ and happy reign, but soon became nnre­ ing and poetical abilities, and was long a strained in his conduct, and after a reign of favorite in the literary world; translated 23 years, died in odium with the people. Sophocles, Phalaris, Lucian and Voltaire, 455.lhAVIUSPLACIDUS VALENTINIAN, em­ and is the author of a comedy and two peror of Rome, assassinated. He was a tragedies, which were received with great profligate and licentious ruler. applause. 1190. The Jews of York lawlessly mas­ 1798. Chenango co., N. Y., erected; and sacred for their wealth by the citizens. the following year (1799) Oneida was 1286. ALEXANDER III king of Scotland, formed. killed. He succeeded his father, Alexan­ 1804. The Duke D'ENGHIEN seized by a der II, at the age of eight years. An en­ party of French ca.valry and hurried away terprising and virtuous ruler; he introduced to Paris, where he was tried in the night many good regulations of government, by a military tribunal, and condemned on and under his sway the country seems to vague and unsubstantial charges of carry­ have enjoyed a tranquility to which she ing on a correspondence with the enemies had long been a stranger. As he was rid­ of the republic, and shot immediately. ing in a dark night between Bruntislilnd 1809. GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IV, king of and Ringhorn, on the banks of the frith of Sweden, arrested and deprived of his Forth, he was thrown with his horse over functions of goverment. (By some author a precipice and killed on the spot. Hies, March 12.) 1532. JOHN BOURCHIER died at Calais 1818. HECTOR McNEIL, a most deserv­ in France, of which he was the English edly popular poet of Scotland, died. Scot­ governor. He translated Froissart's Chron­ land'. Scaith or the Wae. of War, met icle into English with the unprecedented sale of 10,OUO 1621. The Plymouth colonists received copies in one month. the first Indian visit to their town. 'I'his 1820. Maine entered the confederacy of was Samoset, sagamore of a country the United States. lying five days' journey from thence, 1823. JOHN JERVIS, earl of St. Vincent, called Patuxet. He informed the English an English admiral died,aged 90. He en­ that all the inhabitants had died of an ex­ tered the navy at the age of 10, and grad­ traordinary plague about four years before, ually arose to the highest rank, and was anli that there was neither man, woman or raised to the peerage. His courage, skill child remaining. Of course there was no and activity rendered him an admirable one to dispute their possession. officer. 1649. An army of 1000 Iroquois armed 1838. The ;Jity of Bahia, in Brazil, ta­ with guns fell upon the Huron village at ken from the rebels or insurgents, by the the eastern extremity of the lake, and imperial troops, with loss of blood on both nearly massacred the entire population. sides. The rebels fired the city; about The Hurons defended themselves bravely, 3000 of them were taken prisoners. but were forced to yield before the fire 1839. Battle of Tuspan; the Mexi­ arms and superiornumbers of the Iroquois, ican government troops, (Centralists) under who lost more than a hundred of their Gen. Cos ,defeated at Tuspan by the Feder­ best warriors. The French missionaries, alists under Gen. Mexia, with a loss of Brebenf and Lallemant, who labored with March 16.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 105 the Hurons, were taken, and suffered death larly by. his architectural knowledge and by torture. genius, was an associate of tho royal acad­ 1660. The long parliament dissolved by emy, and patronized by Sir Joshua Rey­ its own act. nolds. 1675. Under a pair of stairs in the tower 1810. On a pane of glass at an inn near of London two bodies were found, sup­ London, under this date, is the following posed to be those of Edward V and his inscription. "Thomas MountJones dined brother, whom their uncle Richard III mur­ here, ate six pounds bacon, and drank dered nearly two hundred years before. nineteen pots beer." It is a question for 1680. The first assembly of New Hamp­ discussion, whetlIer in this frail memorial, shire met at Portsmouth; John Cutts first the love of distinction and deshe for fame president. were not as great as the love of brutal 1689. The Habeas corpus act suspended gluttony. for the first time in England. 1813. Captain BERRESFORD of the Brit­ 1691. JACOB LEISLER, who had exer­ ish ship Poictiers, 74 guns, demanded of cised the office of governor of New York the inhabitants of Lewistown, Delaware, nearly two years by the election of the 25 oxen and vegetables and hay, other­ freeholders and the consent of the British wise he threatened to destroy the town. ministry, was barbarously executed by The demand was refused. some malcontents, as a traitor. 1817. WILLIAM THOMPSON, an industri­ 1738. Captain JENKINS, the master of a ous Scottish writer and compiler, died. Scottish ship, exhibited his ear in a piece He possessed ability, but his writings bear of cotton, which he affirmed had been torn the marks of haste and want of care. off by a guarda costa. This is alluded to 1838, NATHANIEL BoWDITCH died at by Burke as the fable of Capt. Jenkins. Boston, aged 65. His father and ancestors 1751. JAMES MADISON, fourth president in several generations were by profession of the United States, born. shipmasters. Notwithstanding the very 1781. Action oft' cape Henry between the limited advantages of his education, and Britishfleet, admiral Arbuthnot, and French his laborious employment through life for fleet under d'Estouches. Both sides claimed the support of his family, yetby his extra­ the victor~ British loss, 30 killed and ordinary genius and economy of time, he 73 wouI1JMd. made great acquisitions in learning and 1781. French surrendered the island of science, gained most of the languages, and St. Barth~lomews to the British. made himself the most eminent mathe­ 1782. Action off cape Spartel, between matician and astronomer that America has British frigate Success and Spanish frigate produced. He published the Practical Santo Catalina, 34 guns. The latter was Navigatm-, a standard book; but the great captured, having 25 killed. British loss 1. work on which his fame will rest, is the 1792. GUSTAVUsIII,king of Sweden, shot copious and profound commentary upon by Count Ankerstroem at a masquerade. the Mechanique Celeste of La .Place, of 1795. CLAUSEL, adjutant general of the which he made the first entire translation, army of the Eastern Pyrenues, presented and published at his ownexpense in 4 vols. to the national convention 25 pairs of col­ quarto; saying that he preferred spending ors and a standard taken from the Span­ a thousand dollars a year in that way to iards at Figuieres. keeping a carriage. 1797. Battle of Cainin in Italy. The 1853. ANTHONY DUMOND STANLEY, an French under Murat passed the Taglia­ American mathematician, died, aged mento and attacked the Austrians, who 42. Profoundly versed in the science, he were driV'!ln from the village, where the had begun a series of works which would archduke had established his head quarters. have placed his name high on the scroll Qf 1799. JOHN DUSSAULX died. He distin­ fame. guished himself in the war of Hanover under Richelieu, after which he devoted himself to literary pursuits. He tookpart MARCH 17. in the French revolution, and was among the 73 proscribed deputies. 49 B. c. POMPEY abandoned Italy, and 1799. A portion of the pavement in took the sea with his legions, at Brun­ front of the Royal exchange, London, sud­ dusium. denlysunk and a well of waterwasdiscov­ 45 B. c. Battle of Munda, in Spain, be­ ered whichhad not been used in 600 years. tween the armies of Cmsar and Pompey, 1802. A military institution established which decided the fate of the Roman re­ by government at West Point, which was public. These men did not consider the the origin of the present academy there. Roman empire sufficiently large for two of 1808. JOSEPH BONOMI, anItalian artist, died them. at London. He was distinguished particu­ 180. MA.RCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS, sur- 14 106 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 17. named the philosopher, died on an expe­ the present family on the throne, and of dition against the Marcomanni. He was so which he wrote the history. extremely popular with his Roman sub­ 1740. Mrs. STEVENS received £5,000 from jects, that they placed him among the the English parliament for making public gods, and kept his statue in theirhouses. her medicine fer the stone. 464. ST. PATRICK, the tutelar saint of 1741. JOHN BAPTIST ROUSSEAU, an emi­ Ireland, died. He was carried away with nent French poet, died. He possessed a many of his father's vassals by pirates, fine genius, but an unhappy temper em­ from whom he made his escape to Gaul bittered his life by stimulating him to and Italy. He received a commission from abuse those whose friendship would have Pope Celestine to convert the Irish to procured.him a place above dependence. Christianity, in which mission he was emi­ 1767. Birthday of ANDREW JACKSON, nently successful. seventh president of the United States. 807. A large spot noticed upon the sun's 1776. Boston evacuated by the British. disc, which continued there eight days. By four in the morning the king's troops, 1072. ADALBERT, archbishop of Bremen, with those Americans who were attached died. He becaJ'tle very powerful in Den­ to the royal cause, began to embark, and mark, anll even obliged the king to divorce before ten all of them were under sail. As his wife Gutha, because she was somewhat the rear embarked, General Washington allied to him. 'l'hough intriguing and vio­ marched into the city, where he was joy­ lent, he possessed some good qualities, and fully received as a deliverer. 'rhe British formed many wise regulations in civil and left 250 cannon and 25,000 busht')ls of ecclesiastical affair'S. wheat. 1562. DIEGO ESQillVEL ALAVA, a learned 1781. JOHANNES EvAI,D died: the most Spanish bishop, died. He was at the Coun­ distinguished poetical genius of Denmark, cil of Trent, and published a work on in the eighteenth century. Being left to councils. his own reading by his tutor, his imagina­ 1565. ALEXANDER ALES, a Scottish theo­ tion was captivated with Tom Jrmes and logian, died. He first opposed the tenets Robinson Crusoe. Proposing to himself the of Luther, but afterwards embraced them, lattOI hero for a model, he eloped at the and suffered persecution. He wrote com­ age of thirteen with a view of proceeding mentaries on some of the books of the old to Batavia, but was overtaken,' and his and new testament. project frustrated. He next conceived the 1632. Treaty of St. Germain, by which scheme of entering the Prussian army, and Canada and Nova Scotia were restored to enlisted at Magdeburg; but being received the French. The capture of Quebec was only as a foot soldier, instead of a hussar, unknown at the time peace was re-estab­ he deserted to the Austrians. On quitting lished, or perhaps those territories would the army he devoted himself to the study not have been so generally given up. of theology, but having suddenly become 1634. THOMAS RANDOLPH, an English poet, violently enamored with a young lady, died. He was the friend of Jonson, and who regardless of his passion, bestowed his works have been several times re­ her hand on another, a permanent melan­ printed. choly settled upon his mind, and under 1640. PHILIP MASSINGER, an English dra­ this influence he took up his pen. His matic poet, died. Some of his comedies first work Fortune's Temple, a vision, at once still keep the stage. He was courted by stamped his reputation. In 1772 he exe­ the wits and learned men of his time. cuted his literary chef-d'amvre, Balder's 1657. An offensive and defensive league Dod, a drama of extraordinary poetical concluded between France and England. beauty, and greatly superior to anything 1676. Warwick, R. 1., destroyed by the which had then appeared in the Danish Indians. \Inly one honse was left unburnt. language. His after life was embittered by 1677. Valenciennes, in France, taken by poverty and sickness; and it was under assault by the army under Louis XIV, in the hospitable roof of Madame Skou that person. he breathed his last, after having been 1681. The members of the English par­ confined to his bed or armchair two years, liament from London came to Oxford, the and almost deprived of the use of his place of their meeting, armed and with limbs. ribbons on their hats inscribed with "No 1782. DANIEL BERNOUILLI, a German phi­ popery, no slavery." losopher, died. He studied medicine as a 1695. AUGUSTIN LUBIN, an Augustine profession, but was at the same time en­ friar, died. He was geographer to the gaged with mathematics. At the age of French king, and author of various works. twenty-four, he was offered the presidency 1715. GILBERT BURNET, bishop of Salis­ of an academy at Genoa, but gave the pre­ bury, died. He was a zealous promoter of ference to an invitation from St. Peters­ the revolution in England, which placed burgh. He returned to Basle in 1733, March 17.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 107 where he spent the remainder of his day~, society, and published several valuable so much respected by the inhabitants, that works on natural history and botany. to bow to Daniel Bernouilli, when met in 1843. GEORGE TURNER, aged 93, died at the street, was one of the first lessons Philadelphia. He was a native of England, which every father gave his children. but joining the American revelutionary 1790. The government of France issued army, he distinguished himself in many assignats to the amount of 170,000,000 severe actions and endeared himself to francs. This system of assignats, while it Gen. Washington. gave more strength to the public, yet was 1849..WILLIAM II, king of Holland, died. the source of more private suffering than 1855. The French and Russians at Se­ any other measure during the French revo­ bastopol contended fiercely for the rifle pits lution. which the latter had established between 1793. Battle of Neerwinden, or Linden, the French advance and the Mamelon. between the French under Dumourier, and the Austrians under Coburg and Clarifayt. Dumourier was obliged to retreat. MARCH 18. 1794. French s\oop Avenger, 16 guns, 251. ST. CYRIL, archbishop ofJerusalem, taken by Admiral Jervis's .squadron off died. Martinique. 979. EDWARD THE MARTYR, ~ied. He 1795. A number of the Parisians com­ was the son of Edgar, and succeeded his plained to the national convention of the father as king of England at the age of 15. scarcity of bread in Paris. The young king paid little attention to any , 1798. TUOMAS JACKSON, an English actor, thing but the chase; and hunting one day, died. His epitaph is ingenious: "Sacred he got separated from his attendants, and to the memory of Thomas Jackson, come­ repaired to Corfe castle, where his step­ dian, who was engaged 21st December, mother, Elfrida, resided. Having procured 1741, to playa comic cast qfcharacters in the a draught of liquor, he was drinking it great theatre, the world; for many of on horseback, when one of Elfrida's ser­ which he was prompted by nature to excel. vants gave him a deep stab behind. He The seas"'!' being ended, his benefit over, immediately spurred his horse, but faint­ the char~'s all paid, his account closed, he ing from loss of blood, was dragged in the made hi exit in the tragedy of Death on the stirrup till he died. The pity caused by 17th of arch, 1798, in assurance of being his innocenccl and misfortune induced the called once more to rehearsal, where he people to regard him as a martyr. hopes to find his forfeits all cleared, his cast 1350. In the national roll of accounts for of parts bettered, and his situation made glazing St. Stephen's chapel, Westminster, agreeable by him who paid the great stock Edward III ordained that. the wages for debt, for the love of p,,!ormers in general." artists be from 5d per day til one shilling, 1799. The French army arrived before except for John Barllliby, his wages should St.. Jean d'Acre, and to their no small be twopence. chagrin and astonishment, .beheld the 1552. MAURICE of Saxony took np arms town prepared for a siege, and the English against the emperor Charles V. colors flying in the harbor. 1629. CHARLES JAMES, prince of Great 1800. The British ship Queen Charlotte, Britain, born, baptized and died. no guns, destroyed by an explosion off 1629. CHARLES I, of England, issued a Leghorn. More than 800 persons perished proclamation that he would account it pre­ with her. sumption in anyone to prescribe a time 1806. WILLIAM ROWLEY, an eminentBrit­ for him to call a parliament. ish physician, died. He was a man of great 1635. PATRICK FORBES, a Scotch prelate, skill and experience in his profession, and died. He was a great and a good man; a his benevolence and hnmanity were con­ benefactor particularly to Aberdeen uni­ spicuous; yet was he one of the most 0 b­ versity, ofwhich he revived the professor­ stinate opponents to the introduction of ship of law, physic and divinity. vaccination as a preventive of small pox 1696. BONAVENTURE BARON, professor of that ever impeded the might of his au­ divinity at Rome, died. He was a native thority to that experiment. of Ireland, but spent 60 years of his life in 1808. Rupture of the negotiation at Rome; and was a learned and'voluminous Washington between the British minister writer. and the American government. 1718. MARY WORTLEY MONTAGUE made 1811. Charles IV, of Sweden, resigned the first experiment of inoculation for the government of his kingdom in favor of small pox upon her own son at Belgrade, his adopted son, Bernadotte. in Turkey. It was tried in England upon 1828. JAMES EDWARD SMITU, an eminent criminals" with complete success, about English naturalist and physician, died. nine years after. This disease first made He was one of the founders of the Linnean its appearance at Mecca, where it is stated 108 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 18. to have destroyed the invading Ethiopian but being ridiculed by the profligate and army, and thus terminated in 360, what is the vicious, who rioted on the miseries of denominated the war of the elephant. the people, he retired from public life. .1728. GEORGll STANHOPE, an able English 1796. Steuben county erected in south divine, died. His theological works were western New York. numerous and popular. 1797. Palma Nuova, a frontier town in 1741. Conflagration of the chapel and Italy, evacuated by the archduke Charles, buildings in the fort at New York, who had wrested it from the Venitians which was followed immediately by the only ten days before. The French under negro plot. Bernadotte and Serrurier, on entering it 1745. ROBERT WALPOLE died, aged 69. found 30,000 rations of bread,and a million He became heir to the family estate by the quintals of flour. death of his elder brother, and in the jovial 1805. BONAPARTB as~umed the title of life of a country gentleman, soon lost his king of Italy. early inclination to literature. In 1700 he 1814. JOHlf VINT, editor of the Isle ofMan was returned to parliament, and warmly Gazette, and a distinguished philanthropist, espousing the whig interest, rose to a high died. promotionein the offices of the government, 1817. An earthquake in Spain, Portu­ and in 1742, was created earl of Oxford, on gal, and Sicily, destroyed whole villages. his resignation of the premiership. He is 1817. CnARLEs CO~IBE died; an eminent the reputed author of the saying that "all English physician and critic, and highly men have their price." distinguished as a medalist. 1754. The first theatre established inthe 1836. ABATE:FEA, a celebrated archooolo­ city ofNew York, closed with the Beggar's gist, died at Rome, aged 88. He is known Opera and the Devil to Pay, when the fol­ as the translator of Winckelman. lowing notice appeared in the prints, which 1839. The Chineseimperial commission­ managers now-a-days have little occasion er, Lin, issued a proclamation at Canton, to repeat: "Lewis Hallam, comedian, in­ ordering the foreign opium dealers to de­ tending for Philadelphia, begs the favor of liver up all the opium in their possession, those who have any demands against him to have it burnt and destroyed; and forbid­ to bringin their accounte and receive their ding its importation to all eternity, under money." pain of death. 1766. Stamp act repealed by the British 1840. Dr. PARISH, favorably known to government, reserving however, the right the medical world, died in Philadelphia. to make laws binding on the colonies in 1846. First steam boat arrived at Austin, all Cabattle of Ushant, 1778, on parliament, in which the latter were de­ which occasion a dispute between him and feated with the loss of a great part of their admiral Keppel saved the French fleet artillery. from destruction. 1643. SPENCER COMPTON, the friend of 1788. FRANCIS JOSEPJI DESBILWNS, a Charles I, killed at the battle of Hopton­ French Jesuit, died. He devoted many Heath. He was the only son of William, years to study, and at the abolition ()f his first earl of Northampton; and refnsing to order published his Fable.~, and some other accept quarter, was despatched by the par­ works, and left in manuscript a history of liament forces. the Latin tongue. 1687. DANIEL. GOOKIN died; for many 1796. STEPHEN STORACE, an English years superintendent of the Indians in music composer, died. His productions Massachnsetts, whose interests he watched are confined to the drama, and are re­ with SO much zeal as to draw upon him­ markaNe for their spirit. self the abuse of the populace, whose out­ 1797. Gradisca, a strong town in Aus­ rages he constantly opposed. He publish­ tria, capitulated to the French under Ber­ ed some historical collections of the In­ nadotte and Serrurier; 3,000 prisoners, 60 dians in New England. cannon and 8 standards fell into the hands 1688. JOHN DENHAM, one of the minor of the French. British poets, died. He was born at Dnb­ 1801. NOVALIS, (the literary name as­ lin, in 1615, and first became known in sumed by Frederick Von Hardenberg,) 1641 by his tragedy of The Scrphy. In 1643 died. He belonged to the religious society appeared his first addition of CO!lJ!er'8 Hill, of Hernhutters. no EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 19. 1808. CHARLES IV, abdicated the throne I; but though romantically hrave, was of E'pain in favor of his son ~'erdinand VII. always an unsuccessful commander. 1809. GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IV, the de­ 1687. SAMUEL PARKER, an English prelate, posed king of Sweden, signed a formal died. He was educated a puritan, but for deed of abdication. He assumed the title the reward of place, it is believed, became of count Gottorp. an anti-puritan and was made bishop of 1812. Constitution of the Cortez signed Oxford. He wrote a history of his own and proclaimed in Spain. times, which appeared in Latin and Eng­ 1814. bIMON SNYDER, governor of Penn­ lish. sylvania, rejected the bill establishing 40 1727. ISAAC NEWTON, the celebrated banks. It however became a law, two­ philosopher and mathematician, died, aged thirds of the legislature having agreed to it. 84. He was so small and weak at the time 1814. Rheims, in Prance, taken by the of his birth, that his life was despaired of; Russi•.ns. and in his youth, his mother, finding him 1842. Pirst newspaper at Flushing, Long of no service in the management of the Island. farm, sent him to finish his studies. Prom 1853. Nankin taken by the rebels; the the success of his pursuits in after life, he Tartar garrison of 20,000 men massacred, has been styled the creator of natural phi­ except 100, who effected an escape. losophy. '1'he last few years of his exist­ 1853. Battle of Donabew, Burmah; the ence were spent in utter neglect of those British under Gen. Cheape defeated Mea. studies which had engrossed fifty years of 'roon. his life. 1855. An explosion took place in the 1730. ADRIENNE LA COUVREUR, a Prench Midlothian coal pits in Virginia; of fifty actress, died. She is one of the few of persons in the pits 35 were killed and 10 her profession whose reputation has sur­ wounded beyond recovery. vived the age in which they lived. 1737. NICHOLAS HOOKER, gentleman, died at Conway, North Wales; celebrated as MARCH 20. being the forty-first child of his father; and being himself the father of twenty-seven 268. PUBLIUS GALLIENUS, emperor of children. His tombstone, attesting the Rome, assassinated at Milan. above facts, is to be found in the church­ 1413. HENRY IV of England, died. He yard adjoining Conway castle. usurped the throne 1399, and thereby ex­ 1741. PETER BURMAN the elder died. cited the civil war between the houses of He was professor of history and eloquence York and Lancaster, called the war of the at the university of Leyden, and published roses. editions of many of the Latin classics. 1516. BAPTIST SPAGNOLI, a general of the 1744. France declared war against Eng­ Carmelites, died. He was a native of land. Mantua in Italy, and distinguished him­ 1750. The first No. of the Rambler, by self by the sound and virtuous regulations Dr. Johnson, appeared. which he attempted to introduce among 1750. PREDERICK, prince of Wales, and the corrupted members of his order. His father of George III, died suddenly in his works have been published in 4 vols. 45th year. He died in the arms of his 1549. THOMAS SEYMOUR, lord high ad­ violin player, who was playing for his miral of England, attainted and beheaded amusement. without being heard. His offence was 1767. PIRMIN ABAUZIT, a learned Prench alleged to be equal if not superior in 'power writer, died. He became distinguished for to his brother the protector. his superior progress in every branch of 1586. RICHARD MAITLAND, lord of ses­ polite learning, but particularly in mathe­ sion in Scotland, died. He reported the matics and natural history; and was con­ decisions of that court till he became blind sulted in difficult questions by the most at about the age of 60; when he com­ learned men of the age. menced writing and collecting Scvttish 1775. DANIEL BOONE, employed, in form­ poetry. He sustained the character of ing a settlement in the then wilderness of "a maist unspotted and blameless judge, Kentucky, was attacked by' the Indians, and valiant, grave and worthy knight;" near where Boonsborough now stands, and but it is in his character of a writer and two of his men killed and two wounded. collector of Scottish poetry that he is now 1780. Action between the Prench fleet, chiefly remembered. admiral Piquet, and 3, British ships, off 1643. JOHN KIRCHMAN, a learned Ger­ Monte Christie. The action continued till man, died at Lubeck. the next day, when the French suffered 1677. GEORGE DIGBY, an English noble­ so much that they were compelled to lie man of great ability, died. During the by and repair. civil wars he espoused the cause of Charles 1792. The Prench government adopted March 20.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 111 the instrument since known as the guillo­ 1814. Battle of Arcia, in which the tine; it had been in use in various coun­ prince of Wirtemberg defeated the French tries several centuries before. and captured that place. 1793. WILLIAM MURRAY, lord Mansfield, 1815. BONAPARTE ascended the throne died. He was eminent as a lawyer, and of Prance on his return from Elba. dignified as a judge; as an elegant scholar, 1831. The Austrian troops entered of highly cultivated and vigorous intellect, Bologna, and in a few days overrun the he shone in the constellation of great men revolted part of Italy. which arose in the reign of queen Anne; 1831. Insurrection of the slaves at An­ in eloquence and beauty of diction he out~ tigua. Suppressed on the 25th. rivaled his predecessors, and has not been 1843. CHARLES G. CORLISS was shot dead excelled by any successor inthe high office in a street near Broadway, New York, by he held. a woman who escaped. 1797. Battle of Larvis, between the Aus­ 1844. PETER B. PORTER died, aged 71. trians and the French under Joubert, iu His name is connected with most of the which the former were defeated, after an important events in thehistory of western obstinate battle. Austrian loss, 2,000 k., New York; and as an officer in the army 4,000 taken. during the last war with great Britain he . 1799. BONAPAR~E opened the siege of rendered important services to his conn­ St. Jean d'Acre, in Palestine. try. He was some time secretary of war 1799. Battle of Pfullendorf, in Germany, of the United States. in which the French under Jourdan sus­ 1849. NEWTON M. CURTISS, author of a tained the attack of the Austrians under number of novels, died, aged 34. He the archduke, who had the advantage in some time printed a political paper at point of numbers and artillery, having no Ballston, before his talent as a writer of less than 300 pieces. fiction was developed. His subjects were 1800. Battle of Heliopolis, Egypt, in mostly of Indian and revolutionary scenes which the French under Kleber defeated and incidents. the Turks under the grand vizier. 1853. The French fleet sailed for the 1801. '1'he British, under admiral Duck­ Turkish waters, to act against the Russians, worth, took the island of St. llartholo­ if necessary. mews, in the West Indies. It was again 1854. Two shocks of an earthquake at restored on the dissolution of the armed Macon, Ga. neutrality. 1856. DAVID CONNER, a United States 1809. The populace rose and plundered commodore, died. He entered the service the French in the Havana. in 1809, and was wounded in the action 1811. MASSENA gave up the command between the Hornet and Penguin. of his army to Marmont, and retired into 1856. A party of 500 Costa Ricans at­ France. tacked Col. Schlessinger who commanded 1811. Birthday of NAPOLEON, duke de 400 of Walker's men, at the hacienda. Reichstadt, son of the emperor of France. Santa Rosa, and entirely defeated them. He was christeneil emperor of Rome. Mora had 16 killed and 25 wounded; of 1812. JOHN HORNE TOOKE, an English Gen. Walker's men 90 were killed and politician, died. He was educated for the several perished in the woods. The action ministry, with a great predilection for pol­ lasted but 14 minutes. The Costa Ricans itics. In 1771 he induced the printers of shot 19 prisoners. two newspapers to publish the debates of the house of commons inviolation of their rules, which led to proceedings that finally MARCH 21. resulted in the defeat of the house, and the practice of those publications ever 1140. A remarkable eclipse of the sun since. He was a warm opponent of the in England, which caused tGtal darkness. American war, and was prosecuted for se­ 1491. The new epoch and sacred year of dition, for tlie wording of a resolution by the Jews established, corresponding with which the Constitutional society voted the first day of Abib, (Nisan) the day of £100 to the relief of the widows and Pharaoh's overthrow. children of tlI8 Americans who fell at the 1512. JUAN PONCE DE LEON landed in battle of Lexington, and was sentenced to Florida, and claimed the honor of the dis­ a year's imprisonment and a fine of £200. covery; although Sebastian Cabot sailed In 1786, appeared his Diversions of Purley, along the coast in 1497. He was led to which raised him to a high rank as a phi­ undertake the expedition by the Indian lologist. His political life ended with the tradition in. Cuba, that in the interior of dissolution of parliament, in 1802, and the the country was a spring which made remainder of his days were spent in the those who drank ityoung and perpetuated society of his friends. their youth. At a great loss of his men 112 EVERY DAY BOOK. (March 21. in the swamps and marshes, he penetrat­ 1676. A hissing, detonating meteor ed into the interior, but was driven back passed over Italy two hours after sunset. by the Indians without discovering the Its apparent diameter was greater than that miraculous fountain. of the moon; its real diameter about three 1556. THOMAS CRANMER, archbishop of quarters of a mile; and the velocity was Canterbury, burnt for heresy at Oxford. calculated at 160 miles a minute. He was born 1489, and educated for the 1684. NATHANIEL HIGHMORE, an eminent ministry. His first promotion arose from English anatomist, died. He is the author his remarking that the meditated divorce of the first systematic treatise on the of Henry VIII from his first wife, Cath­ structure of the human body, in the Eng­ arine of Arragon, might be decided by lish language, and was ind€fatigable in the learned divines without an appeal to the pursuit and improvement of anatomical pope. The king, on hearing of it ex­ science. claimed "lIy G-d, the man has got the 1733. STANISLAUS, king of Poland, sent sow by the' right ear I" He was sent for to his abdication by express, to Warsaw. court, and immediately preferred. On the 17{j6. RICHARD DAWES, an English accession of Mary, he was tried before scholar, died; celebrated as the author of commissioners, sent from Rome on charges the MisceUanea entica. of blasphemy, perjury, incontinence and 1772. JAMES NICHOLAS BELLIN, a learned heresy, and sentenced to be degraded and and laborious geographical engineer of deprived of office, and finally burnt for Paris, died. the conressions he was induced to make 1776. The duke of Bridgewater's canal with the hope of pardon. He contributed from Manchester to Liverpool completed, a far more than any other individual to the great achievement for the time. establishment of the independence of the 1778. The American ministers, Frank­ English church, and was a great patron of lin, Dean and Le", were publicly received learning and the universities. at the French court. 1604. PETER ERNEST, count de Mans­ 1788. A fire occurred at N~w Orleans, by field, died at Luxembourg. He was an which seven-eighths of the city waslaid in able statesman in the service of the empe­ ashes. ror of Germany. His conduct was con­ 1797. JOHN PARKHURST, an English di­ sidered so meritorious that- he was ap­ vine, died aged 69; well known as a lexi­ pointed governor of Brabant. cographer. 1639. THOMAS CAMPANELLI, an Halian 1797. The French entered Goritz in philosopher of great eminence, died at Ausbia, where they found 1500 sick, and Paris. So great was his learning and elo­ a great quantity of provisions and quence, that his rivals and enemies pro­ stores. cured the interference of the inquisition on 1799. Battle of Asterach, between the an accusation of sorcery ~nd magic. He French under Jourdan, and the Austrians was afterwards put to the rack and con­ under the archduke, in which the latter demned to perpetual imprisonment, but were defeated. Austrian loss 2160. found means to eecape to France, where 1800. The Ionian republic, formed un­ he was protected. der the protection of the porte. Corfu, 1644. Prince RUPERT defeated the par­ Zante and other Venitian isles formed the liament forces in England, and relieved confederation. Newark. 1801. Battle of Aboukir, or Alexandria, 1656. JAMES USHER, archbishop of Ar­ in Egypt, between the French under magh, - died. He enjoyed a reputation Menou, and the British and ~'urks under seldom acquired, in every department of Abercrombie. The French were defeated knowledge, and received pressing invita­ with the loss of 3000 killed, and the tions to France and Germany, at a time standard of the invincible regiment taken, when his own country was in a state of the officer bearing this famous banner anarchy, and his property falling a prey to being killed, and nearly the whole of those the fortunes of war. celebrated soldiers annihilated. British 1663. CHARLOTTE TREMOUILLE, countess loss 1376, and their commander, Aber­ of Derby. died. She was the wife of the cromHe, mortally wounded. earl of Derby who was treacherously be­ 1803. EDWAnD MARCUS DESPAnD, an Irish headed during the civil war of England, officer, executed for treason. He was ap­ and imitated his heroic conduct by defying pointed superintendent of the English col­ the attacks of the parliament forces, and onies in the West Indies, where his con­ was the last person who submitted to them. duct led to a recall; out of his subsequent 1673. The castle formerly standing at treatment grew a desire for revenge, which the entIance of Boston harbor, accidentally led him on to his fate. destroyed by fire. It was constructed of 1804. DUKE D'ENGHIEN, shot at Vin­ timber, since replaced by a new one ofstone. cennes by torch light. (See p. 104.) March 21.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 113 1806. Madison county, New York, was and printed at the expense of Cardinal formed. Ximenes of Toledo. The work was com- 1815. BONAPARTE entered Paris, the menced in 1502, and prosecuted without Bourbons having previously evacuated it, interruption fifteen years, at an expense of on the news of his landing from Elba. more than 50,000 crowns of gold. 1821. MICHAEL BRYAN, an eminent con· 1530. Diet of Augsburg, in Germany, noisseur in the fine arts, died. He'is the at which Melanchton drew up a creed author of a biographical and critical dic- known by the name of the .4ugsburg COf/,- tionary of painters and engl1l,vers. fessinn. 1829. Duel at London between the duke 1595. WALTER RALEIGH, in search of the of Welfulgton and the earl of Winchel- fabulous golden city of Manoa del Dorado, sea. . arrived at Trinidad. He had fitted out a 1829. Groot earthquake in the provinces fleet at great expense; leaving his ships at of Murcia and Oriheula, in Suain. Up- Trinidad he proceeded with 100 men in wards of 20 churches and 4,000 houlles boats 400 miles up the Oronoque; but the destroyed, and great numbers of the in- river beginning dangerously to swell, he habitants killed. A considerable portion returned without effecting the great dis- of the former provinc~ was converted into covery. . 0. barren waste. 1621. Thecolonists at Plymouth received 1839. LoursA, the last surviving daugh- a visit from Masassoit, the greatest king of ter of Linnams the naturalist, died at Up- the neighboring Indians. Ale&gueoffriend­ sala, aged 90. ship was agreed upon which was invio­ 1843. HERARD, the successful general of lably observed more than fifty years. the insurgents in Hayti, made a triumphal 1646. Battle of Stowe, in which the entry into Port au Prince. rClyalists under Lord Astley, 3000 in num- 1843. ' ROBERT SOUTHEY, an eIninent ber, were defeated hy Col. Morgan. This English poet, died, aged 68, in a state of was the last body of men that appeared mental darkness, from an excess of labor. on the field for King Charles. 1845. BENJAMIN BUSHE died at Greens- 1687. JEAN BAPTISTE LULLY, an Italian boro, Vt., aged 115. musician, died at Paris. He was born of 1849. BENJ. F. THOMPSON, the historian obscure parentage, and at the age 'of ten of Long island, died, aged 64. He was Wll.'l sent by the Chevalier Guise to France distinguished by an ardent love for his- as a page to Mad'lle de Montpensier. The torical ~esearch, and Jeft a large collection lady, however, was so little pleased with of materials for the illustration of the local him, that she sent him into the kitchen, history of New York state. where he officiated lI.'l under-scullion, till lti52. ARMAND MARRAST, one of the lead- his musical talent, became accidentally ing and ablest journalists of France, died. known. From this time he rose rapidly, His name was conspicuous in the revolu- and contributed much to the improvement tion of February, 1848, which made him of the science of music in F'rance. He is mayor of Paris, and a member of the pro- said to have been the inventor of the over­ visional government. He was the author ture. of the French constitution of 1848. 1717. MATTHEW HUBERT, an eloquent 1856. The fortieQ! asteroid, named Lm- French preacher, died. His sermons are titia, discovered by lIlr. Goldschmidt, at published in 6 vols. and highly esteemed. Paris. 1740. Porto Bello, on the isthmus of Darien, taken by the English under Ad- miral Vernon. MARCH 22. 1758. JONATHAN EDWARDS, the most ce­ lebrated of American metaphysicians and 387. THBODOSIUI! degraded Antioch, the theologians, died of small pox, aged 55. metropolis of the east, from the rank of a There have been three great editioIIl! of city, and subjected it to the jurisdiction of his works published, one in England and Laodicea, on account of a sedition. two in this country. 1270. LOUIS IX, king of France, died. 1765. Stamp act passed by the British He displayed the m&gnanimity of the hero, parliament, the first attempt to tax America the integrity of the patriot, and the human­ without allowing her a representation in ity of the philosopher. By his order a the parliament. tranlllation of the whole Bible was made 1772. J ORN CANTON, an English natural into French. philosopher, died. He was a cloth-weaver, 1312. The order of Knights Templars and first devoted his leisure moments to I!uppresl!ed by a papal decree. mathematics. He became a member of the 1520. LEO X gave permission for the royal society, and obtained their gold medal publication of the Complutemian Polyglott, by his experiments on the Leyden phial. a magnificent edition of the Bible, prepared 1797. Battle of La Chinse, in Austria. 15 114 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 22. The French under Guieux drove the im­ MARCH 23. perialists before them until they fell in with Massena at Tarwis and were defeated. The 1208. The pope laid the churches of French took 5000 prisoners, 400 wagons England under an interdict. King John and 30 cannon. in retaliation banished the bishops that 1797. The French under Joubert crossed obeyed. the Adige at Newmark, in Saxony, defeat­ 1534. CLEMENT VIII issued his bull re­ ed Gen. Laudohn, entered Botzen, and scinding Cranmer's sentence, arid confirm­ marched directly for Claufen. The French ing Henry VIII's marriage with Catharine; took 1500 prisoners. in consequence of which the pope's au­ 18CJ6. MURAT proclaimed at Dusseldorf, thority was abolished in England, and the "Prince Joachim, duke of Cleves and king declared the supreme head of the Berg." church. 1821. STEPHEN DECATUR, a distinguished 1556. JULIUS III (John Marie du Mont), American commodore, died at ...,vashington, pope of Rome, died. He is notorious for aged 41. having dissolved the council of Trent, and 1828. LOUIS CHORIS, an eminent Russian is characterized as a weak and narrow­ painter and draftsman to Kotzebue's cir­ minded pontiff, little calculated to uphold cumnavigating' expedition, was killed in the dignity and power of his officp,. . companJ with his traveling companion, 1606. JUSTUS LIPSIUS died; a most acute near Vera Cruz in Mexico. ana learned Flemish critic and commenta­ 1832. The bill banishing the families of tor on ancient authors. His works were Napoleon and Charles X, passed the cham­ published in 6 vols. folio. ber of peers by a vote of 80 to 30. 1621. JOHN CARVER, first governor of 1832. JOHN WOLFGANG VON G

1614. An octroy passed the Statel! GeneraJ. English prelate, died. His first work was of the United Netherlands, for regulating ent~t1ed Weapon Salve for the Church'. voyages to America, under which Adrian Wound., which was ably written, notwith­ Block, Hendrick Corstiaensen, and Corne­ standing the quaintness of the title. His lis Jacobsen Mey, disting~ished themselves works were principally polemical, andwere by their adventures. : published in 6 vols. folio. 1617. FRANCIS BAcoi made lord chan­ 1710. SACHEVERllLt'S two sermons burnt cellor of England, in place of Ellesmere, before the Royal Exchange in the presence who died within a fortnight of his resig­ of the lord mayor of London, and he him­ nation. The new chancellor soon disgusted self forbid to preach for 3 years. the public by his vanity, love of show, 1718. MARY Bi!lATRlx ELEONORA D'EsTE, meanness and corruption. queen dowager to King James II of Eng. 1622. The Indians, by a preconcerted land, died at St. Germain en Laye. conspiracy, fell upon the Virginia colony, 172&. LEOPOLD, duke of Lorrain, died. 347 of whom, unresisting and defenceless, He was noted for his military abilities, by were massacred with indiscriminate bar­ which he recovered his country, and gov­ barity. This massacre was plotted by Ope­ erned his subjects with wisdom and justice. cancanough, and was followed by an ex­ He was also a liberal patron of the arts and terminating war between the parties. sciences. 1625. JAMES VI of Scotland (I of Eng­ 1756. French burnt fort Bull, Oneida land) died, aged 59. He was "the son of county, New York. Mary and Lord Darnley, and succeeded to 1771. A. McDOUGAL discharged by the the throne at an early age. In 1603 he supreme court of New York, after having succeeded to the crown of England, on been subjected to imprisonment as the the death of Elizabeth. It was during his author of a newspaper article signed .IJ. Son reign that the famous plot was concerted of Liberty. for blowing up the king and parliament. 1778. NICHOLAS SEBASTIAN ADAM, a It was also during his reign, and through French sculptor, died. He was the second his weakness; that Walter Raleigh lost lUs of three brothers who enjoyed some re­ life. He was an encourager of learning, putation as sculptors in France in the ear· though a pedant himself. The translation ly part of the last century. His principal of the Bible in present use bears his sanc­ works are the tomb for the wife of Stanis­ tion and authority. laus of Poland, and Prometheus chained. 1634. LEONARD CALVERT, having been .1782. CARACCIOLI, the viceroy of Sicily, appointed governor of Maryland by his abolished the inquisition there, and des­ brother Lord Baltimore, arrived with two troyed the archives. hundred settlers, and settled the town of 1793. The French Gen. DUMOURJER, in a St. Marys, establishing religious liberty conference with Austrian Col. Mack, at and granting lots of fifty acres to each Ath, resolved to march back on Paris and emigrant. establish the constitutional monarchy of 1654. Monsieur BOURDEAUX, ambassador 1791. extraordinary from the king of France to 1794. JACOB NICHOLAS MOREAU, historio­ Cromwell, arrived in London, and on ob­ grapher of Prance, gnillotined at the age taining an audience, recognized the prin­ of 77. He was also librarian to the queen, ciple that God shows his love to men by an able writer, and attached to the royal giving them wise rulers. cause. 16ii0. TOBIAS VENNER, an English physi­ 1794. Convention between Denmark and chm, died. Hie medical works were po­ Sweden, for the mutUllI defence of their pular, and for talent are above medio­ rights. crity. 1802. Treaty of Amiens signed between 1669. Mount Trumento formed of an England, Spain, France and the Batavian indurated mass of lava by the great erup­ republic. tion of mount Etna. 1805. The county of Lewis, in northern 1676. Battle of.Patuxet, between fifty New York, erected. English and twenty friendly Indians under 1809. Sullivan county, New York, er· Capt. Pierce, and six hundred of Philip's ected. Indians. The English were drawn into an 1809. An eruption of mount Etna. ambush, or deceived in the force of their 1811. Battle of Anhalt in the Cattegat enemies, and making an error in drawing strait. The island was attacked by 4000 down by the side of the river to prevent Danes, who were repulsed by 350 British, being surrounded, the Indians crossed over, with the loss of 5 cannon and 500 prison­ and galled them from the opposite side, so ers. that they were constrained to fight it out 1814. Battle of Horse-Shoe, at the bend to the last. of the Tallepoosie river, between the Unit­ 1699. EDWARD STILLINGFLEET, an eminent ed States troops under Gen. Jackson, and March 27.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 121 the Creek Indians. The latter were de- invented about the same time by divine feated with the loss of about 800 killed; inspiration, as a match for the devil's sug- U. S. loss 91 killed, 268 wounded. gestion of artillery. 1829. The zoological soeiety of London 1480. WILLIAM CAXTON, the first English in Bruton street incorporated. printer, finished the Cordial in folio. The 1839. All the opium belonging to British fact is thus set forth in his own words: subjects in China, amounting to 20,283 "The Book named Cordyale .. or Memorare chests, valued at about $9,000,000, was Nomssima .. which treateth oj The foure ta.t surrendered up to Capt. Elliot, superinten- Thinges. Began on the morn after the Puri­ dent of the British trade, for the purpose jicatioo of our blessid Lady (U Feb. 1478), of being destroyed, in obedience to the ~c. .I1nd finisshed on the even of thanncia­ orders of the Chinese government. cion of our said blessid Lady, faUying. on the 1847. METHUSELAH BALDWIN died at Wednesdaye the xxiiij daye of Marche In the Scotchtown, New York, aged 84; he was xix yere of Kyng Edwarde the fourthe." licensed to preach 1791 by the presbytery 1520. SANZIO RAPHAEL, an illustrious of Newark. Italian painter and architect, died. He is 1854. WILLIAM HENRY CAVENDISH SCOTT by general consent called the prince of BENTINCK, duke of Portland, a British modern painters, and was probably the statesman, died, aged 84. best painter the world ever produced. 1856. N. S. PRIME, a New York divine, 1636. JAMES CALLOT, an eminent J<'rench died, aged 70; known as the author of a engraver, died. He carried the art to a history of Long Island. greater state of perfection than any other 1857. CHARLES III, duke of Parma, aged before him, and attained all that it then 31, died at Turin of a wound given by an seemed possible for human industry to assassin in the streets the night previous. reach. 1638. WILLIAM KIEFT arrived at New MARCH 29. Amsterdam as governor of the colony. 1663. At Laucha, near Naumburg, in 168 B. c. The Roman senate assembled Prussia, there fell a great quantity of a fib­ at eight o'clock in the morning, a few days rous substance, represented as resembling after Paulus Emilius had assumed the im­ blue silk. mortal consulate. The English house of 1676. The Indians attacked Rehoboth, commons usually sat at the same hour five Mass., and burnt 40 houses and about 30 centuries ago. barns. 193. PUBLIUS HELVIUS PERTINAX, emperor 1677. WENTZEL HOLLAR, a Bohemian of Rame, assassinated. He was of obscure engraver, died. His talents were noticed origin, and was elected on the death of by Arundel, the English ambassador, by Commodus. His virtues were too great whom he was induced to visit England, for the time in which he lived, and he was where he executed a great number of destroyed by the same hands which had portraits and views; but though his graver raised him up; and the imperial diadem gave celebrity to so many, he was himself was offered at public auction. the victim of want, and was barely per­ 1134. STEPHEN HARDING, an English­ mitted by his creditors to die on his own man, and one of the founders of the Cis­ bed. tercians, died. In the year 1098, he retired 1678. JAMES DIXWELL, one of the regi­ with twenty companions to Citeaux, a cides, died at New Haven, Conn. marshy wilderness in France, where they 1678. CLAUDIUS FRANCIS MILLIET DE­ founded a monastery. A valuable mauu­ CHALEa, a French mathematician, died. script copy of the Bible in four volumes, His works, published in 3 vols. folio, are still preserved, attests the assiduity of the a complete course of mathematics. monk. 1741. The British Capt. KNOWLES de­ 1318. The town and castle of Berwick stroyed the batteries at Passa Cavallo, taken by the generals of Bruce. Carthagena. 1:l80. Gunpowder is said to have been 1745. Ventilators, invented by the Rev. first used in Europe on this day, by the Dr. Hales, ordered by the council of Eng­ Venetians against the Genoese. The dis­ land to be introduced into Newgate. covery of the power of powder is attribut­ 1757. ROBERT FRANCIS DAMIENS execut­ ed to Berthold·Schwartz, a monk of May­ ed at Paris for an attempt to assassinate ence, abOll.t 1300, though it is said to have Louis XV. He was the son of a poor be.en known in India very early, and ob­ farmer, and from his vicious inclinations tained from them by the Arabians, who acquired the title of Robert le Diable. As employed it in a battle near Mecca in 690. the king was getting into his carriage at The use of gunpowder at the battles of Versailles, surrounded by his train, Da­ Cressy alld Poitiers in 1346 is questioned. miens stabbed him in the right side with a Rabelais says that the art of printing was knife. He was seized, tried and condemned 16 122 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 28. to a death of torture. Being drawn on a 1805. The county of Jefferson, in north· sledge to the Place de Greve, he there had ern New York, erected. the flesh of his thighs and arms torn off 1811. A hereditary monarchy establish.ed with red hot pincers, and the hand which in Hayti, and Christophe declared king, by held the knife cut off. Afterwards his the title of Henry 1. \ body was drawn and quartered by four 1814. Action in the neutral port of Val­ horses, his members and corpse burnt and paraiso between the United States frigate the ashes thrown into the air. Essex, Capt. Porter, 52 guns, 255 men, and 1758. Action in the North Sea between the British ship Phebe and sloop of war 2 French and 2 British frigates ;. one of the Cherub, in all 81 guns and 500 men. After former escaped, the other was captured a most sanguinary conflict of more than 2 with 40 guns and 340 men. hours, the Essex was captured, with the 1760. MARGARET VVllFFINGTON, an emi­ loss of 58 killed. nent Irish actress, died. Her talents and 1818. ALEXANDER SABES PETION, presi­ good sense were greatly aided by extra­ dent of Hayti, died. He joined the revolu­ ordinary beauty of features and form. tion at the age of 20, and when the blacks . 1778. LOUIS XVI issued letters of marque had succeeded in gaining their indepen­ and reprisal against England. dence' he was appointed governor of the 1783. A hill 500 feet in height was car­ western province, and in 1807 elected pre­ ried four miles from its site by the great sident. Calabrian earthquake. 1836. RICHARD VALPY, an eminent Greek 7191. HONORE GABRIEL RIQUE TTl, count and Latin scholar, died, aged 82, at Ken-' DE l\IIRABEAU, the distinguished French sington, England. revolutionist but debauched man, died. 1838. THOMAS MORTON, one of the most ~he French directory decreed a public successful of modern dramatists, died at mourning of eight days; and all the places London, aged 74. of amusement in Paris were shut on the 1849. The king of Prussia elected em­ day of his death. peror by the German parliament at Frank­ 1794. J. B. V. GUILWTINE was beheaded fort. He did not accept. at Lyons. There is some mistake about 1852. JOlIN HAVILAND, an eminent archi­ this event; the authority from which it is tect, died at Washington, aged 60. He derived stating that he was the inventor was born in England. and commenced his of the guillotine. (See March 20, and career in Russia. He came to this country April 25, 1792; also May 26~ 1814.) highly recommended by J. Q. Adams, and 1794. JOlIN ANTHONY NICHOLAS CARITAT, construJted many public works. He paid marquis de Condarcet, died. His mathe­ especial attention to the construction of mathical essays at an early age procured jails and prisons. him a seat in the academy of sciences, of 1853. A peaee address signed by 4000 which he was afterwards elected secretary. English merchants, bankers and traders, He published the lives of several eminent presented to Napoleon III at the Tuilleries. men of his day, and was an active con­ 1854. 'War formally declared against tributor to the famous Encyclapedie. He Russia by Great Britain and France. unfortunately took part in the revolution, 1855. The United States marshal at and failing to keep pace with the ultra Philadelphia arrested 12 men who had en­ views of the Robespierre party, was pro­ listed in that city for a foreign legion. scribed, and died in prison either from want or by his own hand. 1801. RALPH ABERCROMBY died. He rose MARCH 28. from a common soldier, through all the gradations, to the highest rank in the army; 403. Battle of Pollentia and defeat of the was appointed commander in chief of the Huns under Alaric their leader. expedition to Egypt, and landed after a 1069. ABBA'll ABU' AMRU, surnamed the severe contest at Aboukir bay. He was ornament of the state, died; a Moorish king wounded and unhorsed at the battle of of Seville, who made extensive conquests Alexandria, notwithstanding which he dis­ of the neighboring states, and was an extra­ armed his antagonist, and kept the field ordinary character in his day. during the day and was victorious. He 1208. Notwithstanding the pope's inter­ was conveyed on board the admiral's ship dict, King John gave a receipt to the where he lingered a few days, and died. sacrist of Reading, for books which had He was buried beneath the castle of St. been in the custody of the abbot of that Elmo, in Malta. monastery. 1802. The planet Pallas discovered by 1315. RAYMOND LULLY stoned to death Dr. Olbers, at Bremen. Its revolution by the natives of Mauritania, in Africa, round the sun occupies 4 years, 7 months whither he had gone to convert the Mo­ lind 11 days. hammedans, at the age of 80. He was March 29.J ' EVERY DAY BOOK. 123

born at Majorca, 1235, and became 'attached died at the Hague. He WaS a member of to the gay court of James I of A'rragon. the parliament of Rouen, who upon the He afterwards became the most celebrated proscription of the protestants fled to HoI­ chemist and alchymist of his time. At the land. age uf 30 he commenced the study of theo­ 1726. JAMES PIERCE, an eminent English logy, for the purpose of converting infidels. divine, died. He was attached to a con­ He went over to Africa to convert the Mo­ gregation of presbyterians; but becoming hammedan doctors to Christianity, from an Arian was expelled from the desk. whence he narrowly escaped with his life. 1730. VINCENT HOUDRY; a French Jesuit, He made a second attempt, several years died, aged 99. He was an eloquentpreacher, after, Which resulted in his banishment and his writings comprise about 30 vols. from that region; but he returned a third His last moments were embittered by the time, and was stoned to death. reflection that he could not be permitted 1405. Prince JAMES of Scotland, on his to reach his 100th year I passage to France, was seized by an Eng­ 1751. THOMAS CORAM, projector of the lish corsair at Flamborough head, and con­ fOlmdling hospital, died. He was captain ducted to the English court. of a colonial trading vessel, and was 1461. Battle of 'rowton, which decided prompted to this charitable project, by fre­ the fate of the houses of York and Lan­ quently seeing children exposed in the caster. The battle commenced at break of streets of London by the cruelty of their day in a .snow storm, and was maintained parents. He persevered in tllis humane with deadly obstinacy till three in the design ~ 7 years, and at last obtained a char­ afternoon. It is said 38,000 bodies were ter by his sole application. He was accus­ left dead on the field, of whom the herald tomed to spend so much of his time and appointed to number the slain, returned money in charitable services, that in his that 28,000 were Lancastrlans. The duke old age he was dependent upon the chari­ of York, who won the day, made a tri­ ties of others, when his principal bene­ umphal entry into York, where he ordered factor was the prince of Wales. the death of several prisoners, while Henry 1772. EMANUEL SWEDENBORG, founder of who lost his crown, escaped with difficulty the New-Jerusalem church, died in Lon­ to the borders. don, aged 84. His father was a Swedish 1562. PHILIP II of Spain and the Nether­ Lutheran bishop, and the son received a lands to prevent the circulation of the scientific education, and became eminent scriptures and.! books favorable to the re­ as a mathematical and philosophical writer, formation, issued a placard ordering the was ennobled, and shared the favor of the officers not onlv to visit the houses of king. From the pursuit of philosophy he booksellers, but'diligently to watch that subsequently turned his attention to heav­ no pedler went about with books for sale. enly things, and became equally celebrated 1629. TOBIAS MATTHEWS, an able divine for his mystical reveries. His followers in the reign of James I, died. His talents have multiplied in Europe and America and worth raised him to the office of arch­ since his death. bishop of York. 1792. GUSTAVUS III, king of Sweden, 1644. Battle of Cherington, where the died. He succeeded to the throne 1771. forces of Charles I, 14,000 strong, under His reign was a turbulent one, in which all Hopeton, were defeated by the parliament the arts and stratagems to which he was forces under Waller. obliged to resort, scarcely secured him in 1672. The test act of England passed, power. He formed a plan for uniting which required all officers of government Sweden, Russia, Prussia and Austria, with to receive the sacrament according to the himself at the head of the confederacy. church of England. While he was maturing his plans, a plot • 1675. A large body of Indians attacked was formed among his nobility for assas­ the town of PrOVidence, R. 1., and burnt sinating him. A masquerade at Stockholm 29 houses. The records of the town were was chosen for the perpetration of the deed. partially saved by bejng concealed in a mill He was shot in the back by Ankerstroom, pond. The town did not recover from this a disbanded officer. disaster in more than sixty years. 1796. LA CHERETTE was executed; this 1689. THEOPHILUS BONET, a noted Swiss closed the Vendean or civil war at the physician, died. He spent several years commencement of the French revolution. at the best universities of Europe, in the 1797. The Mohawks relinquished all study of his profession, and became emi­ their claims to land in the state of NewYork. nently successful. He published several 1799. 'rhe legislature of the state of medical treatises in his old age, valuable in New York passed a law for the gradual their day, for the facts and observations abolition of slavery in that state, providing which they contained. that every child born of a slave after the 1710. HENRY BAllNAGE, a Fre/nch lawyer, fourth of July in tbis year, should be free 124 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 29. at the age of 28 if a male, and 25 if a fe­ which after the peace, went np to twenty male. per cent. above par. His great estate, how­ 1807. The planet Vesta discovered by ever, accumulated more from the purchase Dr. Olbers. Its revolution is completed in of real estate, than from any other source. 3 years, 66 days and 4 hours. 1849. The Lahore war being finished, 1809. Oporto, in Portugal, taken by the the Punjaub was formally annexed to the French under Soult, and pillaged in spite British crown. of that general's endeavors to prevent it. 1849. LOURIANA THROWER died in Geor­ 1814. BONAPARTE had his head quarters gia, aged 137. Her sight had failed, 20 at Troyeii, !.rom whence he moved by forced years before her death, but returned, so marches to Paris, by the road of Sens. that she could read the finest print, and 1815. BONAPARTE abolished the slave her faculties remained almost unimpaired. trade in the French dominions. 1853. The jail at Chesterfield, S. C.,' 1829. The castle of Rumelia in Turkey destroyed by fire, and 8 prisoners burned. surrendered to the Greek army under Capo 1853. A democratic conspiracy discovered d'Istria. at Berlin, in Prussia, and 86 persons ar- 1837. The .lJ.klWar Vekai, (News and rested. . Events) the first Persian newspaper, made its appearance at Teheran. It consisted of two closely written and lithographed pages, MARCH 30. one devoted to oriental, the other to foreign intelligence. Its conductor had been an 1756 A. M. The ark of Noah groupded envoy to London, whence he carried home on the 17th of 2d month, Marchesvan (cor­ with him and executed the idea of a news­ responding with this date), after the wat­ paper-the most efficient missionary for ers had prevailed upon the earth 150 days, the spread of civilization and intelligence (See Nov. 2.) theworld has ever known. 317 B. c. PHomoN, the Athenian general, 1844. E. PENDLETON KENNEDY, of the executed by poison. He was of an obscure United States navy and commander of the family. and rose by his own merits. He battle ship Pennsylvania, died at Nor­ was placed at the head of the Athenian folk, Va. armies 45 times, and on all occasions dis­ 1848. JOHN JACOB ASTOR, founder of the played great ability; nor was he less illus­ Astor library, died in New York, aged 80. trious for his virtues. Yet neither his He was a native of Germany, and during a virtues nor his services could shield him residence of nearly 60 years in America, from the malace of his enemies, and he amassed a fortune o'f about twenty millions was condemned on a false accusation of of dollars. He landed in this country with treason. a trilling sum in his pocket, and early com­ 1280. HUGH BALSAM, bishop of Ely, en­ menced business as a trader in fur. and dowed his foundation of Peterhouse, the when the state of New York was a wilder­ first college in the University of Cambridge. ness, made frequent voyages up the Mo­ 1282. Massacre of 8,000 French by the hawk, to trade with the Indians. As his people of Sicily. It began at Palermo as wealth increased, he enlarged his business the bell was tolling for evening service, until by the formation of the American Fur and hence it has taken the quaint title of Company, he was a competitor with the the Sicilian Vtsper•. great capitalists of Europe, the proprietor 1296. Berwick, on the borders of Scot­ of the North Western and Canadian fur land, taken by assault by the English un­ companies. Such was his enterprise, that der Edward I, and about 17,000 of the he extended his business to the mouth of inhabitants put to the sword. the Columbia river and formed the first fur 1323. A truce for 13 years concluded at establishment there, known as Astoria. Thorpe, between Edward II, who had: Several expensive eX}>l:ditions were fitted been recently defeated at Biland Abbey, out by him, of overlan,d journeys, to the and Robert Bruce. Pacific, some of which were executed by 1327. EDWARD III, then newly inaugu­ individuals with great suffering. Formany rated, in his fifteenth year, convoked his years previous to the war of 1812, and sub­ splendid and gallant rendezvous at York, sequently, Mr. Astor was extensively en­ of 60,000 men at arms, including 500 belt­ gaged in the Canton trade, and during the ed knights, animated by the presence of war was so fortunate that several of his the queen mother, and fifty ladies of the ships arrived here with valuable cargoes in highest rank, to revenge the breach of the safety. The profits on those ships were treaty made by the Scots with his father. enormous. Mr. Astor made large invest­ 1363. EDWARD III first distributed the ments in American stocks, which he pur­ Maunday for the purification of the poor. chased dUling the war with Great Britain, 1587. RALPH SADLER, an English states­ at sixty to suventy cents on the dollar, and man, died. He filled some of the highest March 30.) EVERY DAY BOOK. 125 offices of state under Henry VIII and Eli- covered a coffin 11 feet 3 inches long, 3 feet zabeth, with ability. 9 inches deep, inclosing a skeleton of gi_ 1601. HENRY CUFFEE, celebrated for his gantic size. wit,learning andmisfortunes, was executed '1781. Mutiny disclosed on board U. S. at Tyburn. An epigram alluding to his frigate Aliance, Capt. Barry, on retnrn from Greek, says: France to Boston. The plot was disclosed Thy alpha was crowned with hope, by an Indian named Mahomman, on the Thy omega. proved but a rope. eve of its being carried into effect. It was 1612. JOHN WOWER, ,a distinguished intended to murder the officers and take German politician and literary character, the'ship to England or Ireland.• This was died at Gottorp. the second mutiny in the service, the first 1621. JOHN KING, an English prelate, having occurred on the same vessel, two died. He was chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, years before (see Feb. 3d). The third was and so popular a preacher, as to acquire seasonably disclosed on board the Somers the title of" the king of preachers." Coke, in 1842. declares him" the best speaker in the star 1783. WILLIAM HUNTER, an eminent chamber of his time." British anatomist, died. He was educated 1638. JOHN DAVENPORT, a celebrated at the University of Glasgow, and in 1746 preacher of Coleman street, London, and established himself in London as a teacher several of his followers, having purchased of anatomy, where he distinguished him­ of the natives all the lands lying between self: and his works on medical subjects, the rivers Connecticut and Hudson, sailed which appeared at short intervals, added from Boston for Quinnipiack, now New to his reputation. He built an anatomical Haven. The colony was organized under theatre and museum, and ultimately col­ a tree, and they agreed to be governed in lected there a library of Greek and Roman civil matters by the laws of God until they classics, and a valuable cabinet of medals, could make better I now deposited in the university of Glas- 1647. Mutiny ill the parliamentary army gow. on account of arrearages of pay due to the 1793. The English under General Mc­ soldiery, many of them having twelve Bride took possession of Ostend in France. months' pay due. 1796. The French army under Beaulieu 1669. WILLIAM SOMNER, an English an- entered the Genoese territory. tiquary, died. He was indefatigable in 1798. Ireland declared in a state of re­ his researches, and acquired the old Gaelic, bellion, and orders issued for disarming Irish, Scotch, Danish, Gothic, Saxon, and the United Irishmen, and all disaffected other northern dialects, that he might with persons, by the most summary and e11ect- greater accuracy 6nd success develop the ual measures. • records of ancient times. He published a 1799. Second battle of Verona (March Saxon dictionary and some other works. 26). The French under Moreau were again 1707. SEBASTIAN LE PRESTRE, seigneur successful, but the division under Scherer de Vauhan, a celebrated I!'rench engineer, having being beaten again by the imperi­ died. He Wll8 taken prisoner in the ser- alists were obliged to halt to cover the vice of Spain, and persuaded to enter the main body of the army. French army, in which he distinguished 1800. Action between the French ship himself by a most unexampled career. Guilleaume Tell, Admiral Dacres, 84 guns, During his life he had been engaged in 140 1000 men, and three British ships of 180 actions, conducted 53 sieges, assisted in guns, Capt. Berry. The Frenchman was repairing 300 ancient citadels, and erected the last ship of the Nile 11eet that remained 33 new ones. His publications were prin- uncaptured, and was taken after a most cipallyon fortifications, and he left 12 large determined resistance, with the loss of 200 volumes in manuscript, containing obser- killed. British loss, 101; among the vations, thoughts, &c., which he called wounded was Capt. Berry. his oi.ivete. (idlenesses). 1801. Jail liberties for the first time 1756. STEPHEN DUCK, an English poet, established in the state of New York, and committed suiCide. He was a persevering prisoners entitled to the benefit of them, character, entirely self tanght, and his on giving a bond and sufficient sureties to poems were above mediocrity. The queen the sheriff, that they wonld remain true bestowed upon him a pension, which en- and faithful prisoners, and not at any time abled him te take orders, and he obtained or in anywise escape. .. a living;" in which office he sustained 1806. JOSEPH BONAPARTE proclaimed himself with credit. Notwithstanding his king of Naples. good fortune, his spirits became depressed, 1810. LUIGI LANZI, a modern Italian and he was led to cut short his existence archeologist and writer on art, died of ap- by throwing himself into the Thames. oplexy. 1761. At Tregony, in Cornwall, was dis- 1813. The prince regent of England no- 126 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 30. tified to foreign ministers in London, that Lord God a thousand four hundred and effcient measures had been pursued to lxxiiij." place New York, Delaware, Port Royal, 1547. l<'RANCIS I of France died. He Charleston, Savannah, and the river Mill'­ was the rival and opponent of Charles V sissippi in a state of blockade. of Germany, with whom he was involved 1814. Battle of La Cole Mills, Canada; in war during almost his whole reign, with Giln. Wilkinson was repulsed with the loss various success, and to whom he was once of 13 killed and 123 wounded; British loss, a prisoner, with his two sons. He was a 13 killed, 45 wounded. ' patron of literature and the arts. 1814. The allied army after a sanguinary 1605. An expedition fitted out by the resistance from Marmont, and Mortier, ad­ earl of Southampton and Lord Arundel, vanced to the gates of Paris, and offered under the command of George 'Veymouth, terms of capitulation, which were agreed sailed from the Downs with a view to the to. discovery of a north-west passage to India, 1834. RUDOLPH ACKERMAN died; the the passion for which was now in its full originator of the British annuals, and the vigor. first to introduce the lithographic art into 1621. PHILIP III of Spain died. He as­ England, and lighting by gas into Lon­ cended the throne of his father at the age don. of 20. 1'hc war with Holland, which had 1844. THORWALDSEN, the sculptor, buried revolted, was continued with great spirit, at Copenha!;en with regal honors; the king and the siege of Ostend maintained three and princes and chief officers of state act­ years, at great expense, aI,d the loss of ing as mourners, followed by troops and 80,000 men before it was reduced. He im­ processions of the different guilds and or­ prudently banished thb Moors from his ders of citizens, and a concourse of thous­ kingdom, and thus deprived himself of a ands. The streets were lined with sol­ million of peaceable a!ld useful artists; a diers as at a royal funeral; and the queen loss which the country has never recovered and princesses attended the service in the from. church. At the end of the ceremony, 1631. JOHN DONNE, an English poet and the king headed a subscription for a mo­ divine, died. He embraced protestantism nument on a magnificent scale by the regal at an early age, which together with his donation of $25,000. shining talents, procured him favors and 1849. General HAYNAU assaulted Bres­ emoluments. Dryden styles him ,. the cia, which, after great slaughter, was taken greatest wit, though not the greatest poet, and sacked. of the nation," and his eloquence as a di­ 1854. A fight took pla-ee 12 miles from vine is also attested to. Loar, between a company of 60 dragoons 1654. Cockfighting prohibited in Eng­ under Lieut. J. W. Davidson, and a party land by the parliament (called lin act of of nearly 300 Apache and Utah Indians. the usurpation). The dragoons lost 21 killed and 18 wound­ 1656. JAMES USHER, archbishop of Ar­ ed; the Indian loss unknown. magh, died, aged 'i 6. He was advanced 1856. Treaty of peace between the by James land Charles I, and courted by J<'rench, English, and Turks on one side, Cromwell. and the Russians on the other, signed at Hi65. The I>nglish authorities issued an Paris. order to imprison George Fox, the founder of the sect called Quakers, for his sermons MARCH 31. against the awful crime of building meet­ ing houses with steeples. 32 B. C. TITUS POMPONlUS ATTICU8, II dis­ 1698. PETER JOSEPH D'ORLEANS, a French tinguished Roman, died. He understood Jesuit, died. He professed belles-lettres, the art of conducting himself so well, that and wrote several valuable histories lilld amidst the civil wars lind party strife of biographies. the time in which he lived, he preserved 1713. Peace of Utrecht concluded, which the respect and esteem of all parties. He placed England at the head of the Euro­ reached the age of 77 without sickness; pean states, and humbled the ambition of but finding himself at last attacked by a France. slight disease, he resolved to put an end to 1763. Mr. HARRISON was granted £5,000 his life by abstaining from food, lind ex­ for the construction of a chronometerto de­ pired in five days. termine with more accuracy the longitude 1474. The first book printed in England at sea. finished by Caxton as appears by the fol­ 1765. The Jesuits expelled from Madrid lowing entry: "The Game and Playe of the and all Spain. The order was finally sup­ Ches.e; translated out of the .F'rench and pressed by the pope, 1773. emprynted by William Caxton. Fynished 1774. The bill for closing the Pl>rt of the last day of Marche, the yer of our Boston received the royal assent. March 31.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 127 1783. NAKITA IVANOWITZ, count de Pa­ oannon, and great quantities of stores, nin, a Russian statesman, died. He was &c. raised from the rank of a horse soldier, 1814. Pariscapitulated tothe allied army, under Elizabeth, became a general under about 2 o'clock in the morning, and the Peter, and prime minister of the great French troops evacuated it at 7, hostilities Catharine. He possessed great powers of to oommence in 2 hours. At 11, the con­ mind, and other qualifications for the high querors entered the city with the emperor places which he occupied, but his business of Russia and the king of Prussia at their habits were lax, his conduct haughty, and head. his manners dissolute. 1827. LUDWIG VON BEETHOVEN, a German 1791. MATTHIAS OGDEN, a revolutionary musical composer, died. His works are patriot, died. He was one of the first that numerous, and universally known and ad. joinedWashington at Cambridge ; he pene­ mired. His musical talents procured him trated the wilderness with Arnold to Cana­ wealthy patrons among the nobility, by da, and was wounded in the attack on whom he was munificently supported. He Quebec. On his return he was promoted was extremely deaf, and eccentric in his by congress, and remained in the army manners. through the war. 1831. EDWARD AUGUSTUS HOLYOAKE, a 1794. The national convention of France, venerated New England physician, died, in the plenitude of omniscience, decreed aged 100. He was born at Salem, Mass., that there ,nas no God ! 100 years after its settlement, and was a 1795. The British museum purchased practicing physician there 79 years. He the oriental manuscripts of Mr. Halstead, enjoyed uninterrupted good health during the disciple of the prophet Brothers. life, and at a dinner given by a number of 1797. DANIEL BULL MACARTNEY, an Irish the profession on his centennial anniver­ gentleman, died, aged 112. He married sary, he appeared among them with a firm his fifth wife, who survived him, at the step. On a post mortem examination, all age of 84, when she was 14, by whom he the vital organs appeared to have been un­ had 20 childr2n in 20 years. His constitu­ impaired by age and capable of sustaining tion was so hardy that no cold affected life much longer, except the stomach, him, and he could not bear the warmth of which was divided by a stricture, leavi.ng a sheet in the night time for the last 70 an aperture less than an inch in dia­ years of his life. In company he drank meter. freely of rum and brandy, which he called 1831. Battle of Praga, between the naked truth; and retained his activity to Poles under Skrzynecki, and the Rus­ the time of his death. sians of 8000 under Geismar, in which 1797. BONAPARTE, from his head quar­ the latter were almost totally destroyed, ters at Klagenfurth, offered peace to the with the loss of 4000 prisoners and 1600 archduke Charles. cannon. 1801. The island of Santa Cruz, in the 1831. An Irish scholar and divine, Rev. West Indies, surrendered to the British HYNES HALLORAN, chaplain to the Britan­ under Admiral Duckworth. It was after­ nia in the battle of Trafalgar, was trans­ wards restored. ported for seven years, for forging a frank, 1806. GEORGE MACARTNEY, a celebrated value 19 pence. British statesman, died. He was employed 1835. JOHN WHITCOMB, a soldier of the in several important embassies and other revolution, died at Swanzey, N. H., aged offices, till in 1792 he was selected as am­ 104. bassador extraordinary to China, a mission 1836. MATTHEW LUMSDEN died; an emi­ which occupied three years, and engaged nent,orientalist. much attention in Europe; and an account 1837. 1'he president at interim of Mex­ of which has been published in 3 vols. ico protested "in the most solemn man­ quarto by Sir G. Staunton. ner, before all civilized nations, against 1807. Slave trade abolished by the Brit­ the acknowledgment of the pretended ish government. republic of Texas made by the United 1812. WELLS, the pedestrian, undertook States." for 5 pounds, to walk from Westminster 1839. Battle of Pago Largo in South bridge, London, to Croydon and back, in America, between the troops of Corrientes two hours, a distance of 19 miles. He per­ and Entre Rios, two provinces of the Ar­ formed it in 2 minutes less than the time, gentine republic. The former were de­ but dropped down with fatigue, and was feated with a loss stated at 1960, including unable to walk home. the commander-in-chief. 1813. Battle of St. Antonio, Mexico, 1851. JOHN CALnwELL CALHOUN, one of between the royalists and patriots. The the most dIstinguished American states­ former were defeated with the loss of men, died, aged 68, a senator from South 100 killed, their camp equipage, 6 Carolina. 128 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 31. 1852. Tremont Temple, Boston, entirely 1854. Gen. CANROBERT and more than destroyed by fire. 1000 French troops landed at Gallipoli. 1854. THOMAS NOON TALFOURD, an Eng­ 1854. The artisans of Barcelona, Spain, lish judge and dramatist, died, aged 57. to the number of 1500 proceeded to the He cultivated literature as a refreshing re­ municipality and demanded that the price lief from the labors of his profession. He of provisions should be reduced and wages died while charging the jury. increased.