The Governance of HYDROCARBONS in UGANDA Creating Opportunities for Multi-Stakeholder Engagement
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Creating Opportunities for Multi-Stakeholder Engagement The Governance of HYDROCARBONS IN UGANDA Creating Opportunities for Multi-Stakeholder Engagement August 2014 UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS i Creating Opportunities for Multi-Stakeholder Engagement The Governance of Hydrocarbons in Uganda Creating Opportunities for Multi-Stakeholder Engagement Copyright © 2014 Maendeleo ya Jamii. All rights reserved. First paperback edition printed 2014 in Uganda A catalogue record for this book is available from the National Library of Uganda and the British Library. Citation: Manyindo, J., Van Alstine, J., AmanigaRuhanga, I., Mukuru, E., Smith, L., Nantongo, C., Dyer, J. 2014. The Governance of Hydrocarbons in Uganda: Creating Opportunities for Multi-Stakeholder Engagement. Maendeleo ya Jamii, Kampala, Uganda. ISBN: 978-9970-9332-0-4 No part of this book shall be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information retrieval system without written permission of the publisher. Published by Maendeleo ya Jamii (MYJ) For more copies of this book, please email: [email protected] Tel: +256 414 580 322 Designed and Set by Edmund Muhanguzi Katende [email protected] Printed in Uganda Acknowledgements This study was possible as a result of the generous financial support of the Democratic Governance Facility (DGF). Maendeleo ya Jamii (MYJ) would like to thank the communities, local governments, and companies that participated in this study. MYJ would also like to thank the Kanungu District NGO Forum and the Nebbi District NGO Forum for providing the project team with the necessary local context and contacts to make this study successful. The organisation would also like to thank the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development, the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology, and the Office of the President for supporting this project through their necessary authorization and participation in its activities. We are grateful to Dr. Emma Wilson of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) for reviewing the Research Team’s analysis and recommendations. Finally, we are grateful to Dr. Rani Parker of Business-Community Synergies (BCS) for authorizing use of the unique methodology that guided data collection for this study. Photos courtesy of: Bruekhuis (Wildlife Conservation Society) 2008, Petroleum Exploration & Production Department 2014, University of Leeds 2013 and Maendeleo ya Jamii 2013. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of this information contained herein. ii Creating Opportunities for Multi-Stakeholder Engagement TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Aims and objectives 4 1.2 Background 4 1.3 Report structure 5 2 METHODOLOGY 6 2.1 The Community-Company Assessment process 6 2.2 The Questions asked 7 2.3 Data Sources 7 2.4 Limitations 8 3 COMMUNITY FINDINGS 9 3.1 Arua District 9 3.1.1 Ndara Village 9 3.1.2 Ndiova Village 10 3.1.3 Oyu Village 11 3.1.4 Wanyange-A Village 12 3.2 Nebbi District 14 3.2.1 Abok Village 14 3.2.2 Kiyaya West Village 15 3.2.3 Nyabang Village 15 3.2.4 Nyamutagana–A Village 16 3.2.5 Nyapolo Village 17 3.2.6 Pakwach Town Council 17 3.3 Nwoya District 19 3.3.1 Lagazi Village 19 3.3.2 Pajengo Village 20 3.3.3 Pawatomero Central Village 20 3.4 Buliisa District 21 3.4.1 Bikongoro Village 21 3.4.2 Kakindo Village 23 3.4.3 Kasinyi Village 24 3.4.4 Kijumbya Village 27 3.4.5 Kirama Village 28 3.5 Hoima District 30 3.5.1 Kabaale II Village 30 3.5.2 Kaiso Village 31 3.5.3 Kiryamboga Village 33 3.5.4 Kyapaloni Village 34 3.5.5 Kyehoro Village 35 3.5.6 Nsonga Village 36 3.5.7 Tonya A Village 38 3.6 Kanungu District 38 3.6.1 Kameme Village 40 3.6.2 Kazinga and Bukorwe Villages 40 3.7 Rukungiri District 41 3.7.1 Rwenshama Village 41 3.7.2 Rwesigiro Village 42 4 COMPANY FINDINGS 43 4.1 Total E&P 43 4.2 Tullow Oil 45 5 LOCAL GOVERNMENT FINDINGS 48 5.1 Arua 48 5.2 Nebbi 48 5.3 Nwoya 51 5.3.1 Purongo Sub-County 52 5.4 Buliisa and Hoima 53 5.5 Kanungu 55 5.5.1 Kihiihi Sub-County 57 5.6 Rukungiri 58 5.6.1 Bwambara Sub-County 59 iii Creating Opportunities for Multi-Stakeholder Engagement 6 RECOMMENDATIONS 61 6.1 Community Recommendations 61 6.1.1 Education and Training 61 6.1.2 Health 61 6.1.3 Infrastructure 62 6.1.4 Water and Sanitation 62 6.1.5 Local Economic Development 62 6.1.6 Compensation and Displacement 62 6.1.7 Information and Communication 62 6.1.8 Stakeholder Engagement 63 6.1.9 Environment 63 6.1.10 Employment 63 6.1.11 Security 64 6.1.12 Corruption 64 6.1.13 Policy, Legal and Institutional Frameworks 64 6.1.14 Community Support 64 6.2 Company Recommendations 64 6.2.1 Stakeholder Engagement 64 6.2.2 Compensation and Displacement 65 6.2.3 Information and Communication 65 6.2.4 Local Economic Development 65 6.2.5 Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework 65 6.3 Local Government Recommendations 65 6.3.1 Employment 65 6.3.2 Environment 65 6.3.3 Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework 66 6.3.4 Information and Communication 66 6.3.5 Infrastructure 67 6.3.6 Compensation and Displacement 67 6.3.7 Security 67 6.3.8 Education and Training 67 6.3.9 Corporate Social Responsibility 67 6.3.10 Health 68 6.3.11 Local Economic Development 68 7 TEAM ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 69 7.1 Stakeholder Engagement 69 7.2 Information and Communication 72 7.3 Employment 75 7.4 Compensation and Displacement 79 7.5 Community support 81 7.6 Education and Training 81 7.7 Local Economic Development 83 7.8 Corruption 84 7.9 Security 85 7.10 Corporate Social Responsibility 85 7.11 Environment 86 7.12 Social 89 7.13 Infrastructure 90 7.14 Policy and Legal Frameworks 90 7.15 Public health 91 8 THE WAY FORWARD 91 9 REFERENCES 92 10 APPENDICES 96 Appendix I: Categorised Barriers by Respondent 96 Appendix II: Categorised Recommendations by Respondent 97 Appendix III: Research Team 98 Appendix IV: Authors 99 iv Creating Opportunities for Multi-Stakeholder Engagement LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Table 1: Priority barrier categories for local governments and communities (by district) and companies and the percentage of respondents who raised it as an issue 2 Table 2: Eight priority barriers & recommendations and the percentage of respondents who raised it as an issue 3 Table 3: Local government, village and company data sources 8 Table 4: Priority barrier categories for local governments and communities (by district) and companies and the percentage of respondents who raised it as an issue 69 Table 5: Eight priority barriers & recommendations and the percentage of respondents who raised it as an issue 70 Figure 1: Division of exploration operational blocks 43 Figure 2: Sub-counties of Block 1 where Total E&P operates in the Albertine Rift 43 Figure 3: The Extractive Industries Project Cycle 70 Figure 4: Total Economic Value 88 Figure 5: Growth in the number of companies with public company-wide commitments to No Net Biodiversity Loss 89 v Creating Opportunities for Multi-Stakeholder Engagement LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACAO Assistant Chief Administrative Officer ACODE Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment ALBI Ambatovy Local Business Initiative BBS Bunyoro Broadcasting Service BCS Business-Community Synergies CAO Chief Administrative Officer CBO Community-Based Organisation CCA Community-Company Assessment CLO Community Liaison Officer CNOOC Chinese National Offshore Oil Company CSCO Civil Society Coalition on Oil and Gas CSO Civil Society Organisation CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DCDO District Community Development Officer DDP District Development Plan DEO District Environment Officer DGF ` Democratic Governance Facility DLG District Local Government DNRO District Natural Resources Officer DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EITI Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment FPIC Free, Prior and Informed Consent GDP Gross Domestic Product HC Health Centre HIV/AIDS Human Immuno-deficiency Virus/Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome IEC Information, Education and Communication IFC Internal Finance Corporation LADA Literacy Action and Development Agency LC Local Council MEMD Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development MFNP Murchison Falls National Park MoU Memorandum of Understanding MYJ Maendeleo ya Jamii NAPE National Association of Professional Environmentalists NEMA National Environment Management Authority NDP National Development Plan NGO Non-Governmental Organisation PEPD Petroleum Exploration and Production Department PPP Public-Private Partnership PSA Production Sharing Agreement RAP Resettlement Action Plan RDC Resident District Commissioner RICE-WN Rural Initiative for Community Empowerment-West Nile RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SEA Strategic Environment Assessment SDP Sub-County Development Plan SNV Netherlands Development Organisation SPDC Shell Petroleum Development Corporation of Nigeria STD Sexually Transmitted Disease TEV Total Economic Value TLO Tourism Liaison Officer UGX Ugandan Shillings UHRC Uganda Human Rights Commission UK United Kingdom UPDF Ugandan Peoples’ Defence Force UWA Uganda Wildlife Authority VISO Voluntary Initiative Support Organisation WRI World Resources Institute WWF World Wildlife Fund vi Creating Opportunities for Multi-Stakeholder Engagement EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Rift region may impact (positively and/or negatively) Background local communities (Van Alstine et al., 2014). Stakeholder engagement at the sub-national level has increased Commercially viable oil was discovered in Uganda’s given displacement and compensation issues related to Albertine Rift region in 2006 with reserves estimated the proposed refinery and potential for environmental and of at least 3.5 billion barrels of crude.