DOCSLIB.ORG

International Journal of Government Auditing Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Journal of Government Auditing Contents International Journal of Government Auditing January 2001—Vol. 28, No. 1 ©2001 International Journal of Government Auditing, Inc. Board of Editors The International Journal of Government Auditing is published quar- Franz Fiedler, President, Court of Audit, Austria terly (January, April, July, October) in Arabic, English, French, Ger- L. Denis Desautels, Auditor General, Canada man, and Spanish editions on behalf of INTOSAI (International Emna Aouij, Premier President, Court of Accounts, Tunisia Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions). The Journal, which David M. Walker, Comptroller General, United States is the official organ of INTOSAI, is dedicated to the advancement of Clodosbaldo Russian Uzcategui, Comptroller General, Venezuela government auditing procedures and techniques. Opinions and be- liefs expressed are those of editors or individual contributors and do President not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Organization. Linda L. Weeks (U.S.A.) The editors invite submissions of articles, special reports , and news Editor items, which should be sent to the editorial offices at U.S. General Donald R. Drach (U.S.A.) Accounting Office, Room 7806, 441 G Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20548, U.S.A. (Phone: 202-512-4707. Facsimile:202-512-4021. Assistant Editor E-Mail: <[email protected]>). Linda J. Sellevaag (U.S.A.) Given the Journal’s use as a teaching tool, articles most likely to be Associate Editors accepted are those which deal with pragmatic aspects of public sec- Office of the Auditor General (Canada) tor auditing. These include case studies, ideas on new audit method- Deepak Anurag (ASOSAI-India) ologies or details on audit training programs. Articles that deal pri- Luseane Sikalu (SPASAI-Tonga) marily with theory would not be appropriate. Michael C.G. Paynter (CAROSAI-Trinidad and Tobago) EUROSAI General Secretariat (Spain) The Journal is distributed to the heads of all Supreme Audit Institu- Khemais Hosni (Tunisia) tions throughout the world who participate in the work of INTOSAI. Yadira Espinoza Moreno (Venezuela) Others may subscribe for US$5 per year. Checks and correspon- INTOSAI General Secretariat (Austria) dence for all editions should be mailed to the Journal’s administra- U.S. General Accounting Office (U.S.A.) tion office, P.O. Box 50009,Washington, D.C. 20004, U.S.A. Production/Administration Articles in the Journal are indexed in the Accountants’ Index pub- Sebrina Chase (U.S.A.) lished by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and included in Management Contents. Selected articles are included in Finances abstracts published by Anbar Management Services, Wembley, En- U.S. General Accounting Office (U.S.A.) gland, and University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michi- gan, U.S.A. Members of the Governing Board of INTOSAI Guillermo Ramirez, President, Court of Accounts, Uruguay, Chairman Contents Jong-Nam Lee, Chairman, Board of Audit and Inspection, Korea, First Vice-Chairman 1 Editorial Tawfik I. Tawfik, State Minister and President, General Audit Bureau,Saudi Arabia, Second Vice-Chairman 2 News in Brief Franz Fiedler, President, Court of Audit, Austria, Secretary General Arah Armstrong, Director of Audit, Antigua and Barbuda 6 Pakistan’s SAI Promoting Good Governance Iram Saraiva, Minister-President, Court of Accounts, Brazil Lucy Gwanmesia, Minister Delegate, Cameroon 8 ASOSAI Assembly and Symposium L. Denis Desautels, Auditor General, Canada Mohamed Gawdat Ahmed El-Malt, President, Central Auditing 11 CAROSAI Congress Organization, Egypt 15 Hedda Von Wedel, President, Court of Audit, Germany Audit Profile: Mongolia V. K. Shunglu, Comptroller and Auditor General, India 17 Reports in Print Abdessadeq El Glaoui, President, Court of Accounts, Morocco Bjarne Mork Eidem, Auditor General, Norway 18 Inside INTOSAI Carmen Higaonna de Guerra, Contralor General, Peru Alfredo Jose de Sousa, President, Court of Accounts, Portugal 2000 Index Pohiva Tui’i’onetoa, Auditor General, Tonga David M. Walker, Comptroller General, United States Future Challenges: Reflections After 10-years as Auditor General of Canada By Denis Desautels, Auditor General of Canada As I take my leave after 10 related to these new delivery arrangements. However, what years as Auditor General of I and others have observed is that these changes in public Canada, I wanted to use this sector structures are not always matched by corresponding opportunity to identify some of changes in accountability structures and in the mandates the challenges facing our of SAIs. office—and, I think, many SAIs in the 21st century. In particular, These non-governmental and other entities are doing I want to discuss the need for what, until recently, had been done by government bodies accountability and audit that were subject to government accountability practices practices to keep pace with and structures and fell under the SAI’s mandate. Public public sector reforms. moneys and authorities are still being used in the public Mr. Denis Desautels interest to serve some public purpose. It seems to me that there is no reason why legislative oversight should cease Challenges we have identified for our Office include the or be significantly curtailed just because of a change in the following: form of government delivery used. Yet in Canada, and in a number of other jurisdictions I have visited—especially • rapidly changing information technology, requiring where SAI mandates do not include some form of “follow new skills and new tools for auditors; the dollar”—SAIs are seeing their ability to help legislatures scrutinize these new arrangements reduced because the • recruitment, retention and development of human scope of their audit activity is limited to traditional forms of resources in audit offices; service delivery. At the same time, traditional forms of • changing demands on the auditing profession as reporting to legislatures do not apply to many of these new globalization becomes a reality; arrangements. All of this is not necessarily the intent of public management reforms, but it is a clear result of them. • appropriate funding for audit offices; and Mandates of SAIs and accountability structures always • the impact of new delivery arrangements on the audit seem to be topics of discussion, and are issues in constant and accountability of government. need of attention even in well-established national audit I want to expand a little on the last point. offices. SAI mandates are important: they directly impact on our ability to serve our legislatures. Over the past 10 For many years, governments used traditional means to years, we have seen some attempts by governments to deliver services and programs: namely, direct delivery through reduce or limit the mandates of several SAIs. These attempts government ministries, departments and agencies. For the are well-known and have been monitored with great interest most part, accountability structures matched these traditional by INTOSAI members. But there is another, more insidious, government structures, as did audit office mandates. As a danger facing SAIs in many countries. Their mandates are consequence, accountability reports to legislatures and audit being reduced or limited not by direct action but, indeed, by coverage by SAIs provided quite complete coverage of the inaction—by failing to update mandates as the forms of activities of government and hence of the expenditures and government evolve. Governments have changed the way authorities provided to governments by their legislative bodies. they deliver services, moving service delivery farther away from direct scrutiny by legislatures; SAI mandates often Over the last 10 to15 years, however, many governments, have not kept pace. Furthermore, effective new structures including Canada’s, have moved away from the more traditional for accountability often have not been introduced to ensure forms of delivery and established a wide array of alternative adequate legislative scrutiny. approaches. These include delivery through contracting out to the private sector, delivery through arm’s-length entities, There is a need, I believe, to find the ways and means and delivery in collaboration with other levels of government to adapt the mandates of SAIs and accountability structures or non-governmental entities. to new forms of government. There are no doubt a number of ways this could be done. The recent Sharman review of These types of public sector reform are widespread now the arrangements in the United Kingdom for the audit and in many countries. Many believe that they have resulted or accountability of government in the 21st century is one will result in more effective and efficient delivery of services to such attempt to deal with this problem. citizens. SAIs in many countries have carried out audit work (Continued on page 7) 1 International Journal of Government Auditing–January 2001 News in Brief China European Union however, able to give positive assurance on the revenue, commitments, and staff SAI Reports on Fraud and 1999 Annual Report of the expenditures. Corruption European Court of Auditors The level of errors is not an In October 2000, China’s SAI The reform program set in motion indication of the level of fraud, the Court reported that they had discovered more by the European Commission under emphasized. Most of the errors that the than $11 billion in mismanaged funds in President Romano Prodi is a positive Court found concerned matters such as China’s government offices and busi- response to weaknesses in financial
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nepal Mongolia Bhutan
    COUNTRY PROFILE 2001 Nepal Mongolia Bhutan This Country Profile is a reference work, analysing the country’s history, politics, infrastructure and economy. It is updated annually. The EIU’s quarterly Country Reports analyse current trends and provide a two-year forecast The full publishing schedule for Country Profiles is now available on our website at http://www.eiu.com/schedule The Economist Intelligence Unit 15 Regent St, London SW1Y 4LR United Kingdom The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit is a specialist publisher serving companies establishing and managing operations across national borders. For over 50 years it has been a source of information on business developments, economic and political trends, government regulations and corporate practice worldwide. The EIU delivers its information in four ways: through our digital portfolio, where our latest analysis is updated daily; through printed subscription products ranging from newsletters to annual reference works; through research reports; and by organising seminars and presentations. The firm is a member of The Economist Group. London New York Hong Kong The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit 15 Regent St The Economist Building 60/F, Central Plaza London 111 West 57th Street 18 Harbour Road SW1Y 4LR New York Wanchai United Kingdom NY 10019, US Hong Kong Tel: (44.20) 7830 1007 Tel: (1.212) 554 0600 Tel: (852) 2585 3888 Fax: (44.20) 7830 1023 Fax: (1.212) 586 0248 Fax: (852) 2802 7638 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.eiu.com Electronic delivery This publication can be viewed by subscribing online at www.store.eiu.com Reports are also available in various other electronic formats, such as CD-ROM, Lotus Notes, on-line databases and as direct feeds to corporate intranets.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia, Constitutional Court
    3rdCongress of the World Conference on Constitutional Justice ‘Constitutional Justice and Social Integration’ 28 September – 1 October 2014 Seoul, Republic of Korea Questionnaire Reply by the Constitutional Court of Mongolia A. INTRODUCTION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF MONGOLIA I. Basic texts. A legal basis for the foundation of the Constitutional court which shall to exercise supreme control over the implementation of the Constitution was formed by the enactment of the new Constitution of Mongolia in 1992. The creation of the mechanism of control over the Constitution is an achievement and innovation of new Constitution. The Constitution of Mongolia states that “The Constitutional Tsets of Mongolia is the body which has full powers to exercise supreme supervision over the implementation of the Constitution, to render decisions on the infringements of its provisions, to settle constitutional disputes, and is the guarantor for the Constitution to be strictly observed”1 The principles, methods, forms and organization of the activity and the powers of the Tsets shall be determined by the Constitution and by The law of Mongolia on the Constitutional Tsets (1992) and The law of Mongolia on the Constitutional court procedure, 1997. II. Composition, procedure and organization The Constitutional Tsets consists of 9 members. A member of the Tsets shall be a citizen of Mongolia who has high legal and political professional standing , is without a criminal record against him and has reached forty years of age. In conformity with the law the members of the Constitutional Court shall be appointed by the State Great Khural for a term of 6 years , with three of them to be nominated by the State Great Khural, three by the President and three by the Supreme Court.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia: Issues for Congress
    Mongolia: Issues for Congress Susan V. Lawrence Specialist in Asian Affairs September 3, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41867 Mongolia: Issues for Congress Summary Mongolia is a sparsely populated young democracy in a remote part of Asia, sandwiched between two powerful large neighbors, China and Russia. It made its transition to democracy and free market reforms peacefully in 1990, after nearly 70 years as a Soviet satellite state. A quarter of a century later, the predominantly Tibetan Buddhist nation remains the only formerly Communist Asian nation to have embraced democracy. Congress has shown a strong interest in Mongolia since 1990, funding assistance programs, approving the transfer of excess defense articles, ratifying a bilateral investment treaty, passing legislation to extend permanent normal trade relations, and passing seven resolutions commending Mongolia’s progress and supporting strong U.S.-Mongolia relations. Congressional interest is Mongolia has focused on the country’s story of democratic development. Since passing a democratic constitution in 1992, Mongolia has held six direct presidential elections and six direct parliamentary elections. The State Department considers Mongolia’s most recent elections to have been generally “free and fair” and said that in 2013, Mongolia “generally respected” freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and association. It raised concerns, however, about corruption and lack of transparency in government affairs. On the economic front, Mongolia’s mineral wealth, including significant reserves of coal, copper, gold, and uranium, offers investment opportunities for American companies. Foreign investors and the U.S. government have criticized Mongolia’s unpredictable investment climate, however. In the fall of 2013, Mongolia passed a new investment law and, after years of negotiations, signed a transparency agreement with the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • PRESS LAW: I, a Member of the State Great Khural According to the Plenipotentiary, Stipulated in the 1St Part of Article 26 of T
    PRESS LAW: I, a member of the state great Khural according to the plenipotentiary, stipulated in the 1st part of article 26 of the Constitution of Mongolia, hereby, present the draft of law on Freedom of Media. Please accept and make appropriate decision. ---E. Bat-uul Introduction to the law on Freedom of Media It's important to create a legal basis to guarantee freedom of media and free and independent activities of media organizations in order to develop democracy and pluralism in the society The following concepts are considered the background process to the law on Freedom of Media. Information should be classified as state (official) or public information and both should be open to the public. Public media should be free and independent of the state, its organizations, and officials. It should be forbidden to control or censor public information. *State organizations should have a press brochure to publish official original texts and explanations of the official information only about their activities and decisions, and should create a guarantee to provide the public with official information. Law of Mongolian Media Article 1. The purpose of the law The purpose of the law is to guarantee the rights of Mongolian citizens, stipulated in the Constitution of Mongolia, to freely express opinions, speak and publish. Article 2. Freedom of Media 2.1 the Great State Khural of Mongolia is forbidden to adopt any laws which limit freedom of media and independency of media outlets. Article 3. Prohibition of Control on Media 3.1 Media outlets should bear the responsibility for the information, published and broadcasted by them.
    [Show full text]
  • Death Penalty
    MOVING AWAY from the DEATH PENALTY ARGUMENTS, TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES Moving Away from the Death Penalty: Arguments, Trends and Perspectives MOVING AWAY from the DEATH PENALTY ARGUMENTS, TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES MOVING AWAY FROM THE DEATH PENALTY: ARGUMENTS, TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES © 2014 United Nations Worldwide rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced without the express written permission of the author(s) or the publisher, except as permitted by law. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Editor: Ivan Šimonovi´c New York, 2014 Design and layout: dammsavage studio Cover image: The cover features an adaptation of a photograph of an execution chamber with bullet holes showing, following the execution of a convict by firing squad. Photo credit: EPA/Trent Nelson Electronic version of this publication is available at: www.ohchr.org/EN/NewYork/Pages/Resources.aspx CONTENTS Preface – Ban Ki-moon, UN Secretary-General p.7 Introduction – An Abolitionist’s Perspective, Ivan Šimonovi´c p.9 Chapter 1 – Wrongful Convictions p.23 • Kirk Bloodsworth, Without DNA evidence
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Japan's Foreign Policy That Takes a Panoramic Perspective Of
    Chapter 2 Japan’s Foreign Policy that Takes a Panoramic Perspective of the World Map Section 1 Asia and Oceania 024 Section 2 North America 096 Section 3 Latin America and the Caribbean 115 Section 4 Europe 126 Section 5 Russia, Central Asia and Caucasus 143 Section 6 The Middle East and North Africa 155 Section 7 Africa 169 外交青書-英語版30-2-1.indd 23 2018/09/07 8:43:06 Chapter 2 Japan’s Foreign Policy that Takes a Panoramic Perspective of the World Map Section 1 Asia and Oceania expected to rise sharply. This will support Overview strong economic growth within the region, (General overview) and the huge demand for infrastructure The Asia-Oceania region is blessed and massive purchasing power of the large with an abundance of human resources. middle class will also help to bring renewed It is the world’s growth center and has affluence and vitality to Japan. Realizing been enhancing its presence. Of the world affluence and stability throughout Asia and population of 7.6 billion, approximately Oceania is indispensable for Japan’s peace 3.6 billion people live in East Asia Summit and prosperity. (EAS) member states (excluding the U.S. Meanwhile, the security environment and Russia)1. This represents about 48% in the Asia-Oceania region is becoming of the world’s population2. The combined increasingly severe as seen in the following nominal gross domestic product (GDP) developments: provocation such as of the Association of Southeast Asian nuclear tests and launch of ballistic missile Nations (ASEAN) member states, China development by North Korea; modernization and India grew 300% over the last ten of military forces in a manner that lacks years, as compared to the world average transparency and attempt to change the of 150%.
    [Show full text]
  • Briefing Materials: First National Deliberative Polling on Mongolian Constitutional Amendments
    Briefing Materials: First National Deliberative Polling on Mongolian Constitutional Amendments Unofficial translation 2017 Ulaanbaatar Briefing Materials First National Deliberative Polling on Mongolian Constitutional Amendments Table of Contents I. Preface..................................................................................................................................................... 4 Ia. What is Deliberative Polling? ................................................................................................... 4 Ib. Rationale and reason for organizing deliberative polling on the Constitutional amendments .......... 6 Ic. Participants of Deliberative Polling ........................................................................................... 8 II. General Information ................................................................................................................................ 9 IIa. Structure of Mongolian State System, and Separation of Power ................................................. 9 IIb. Amendments to the Constitution – Past and Current Discussions ............................................. 11 III. Topics of Deliberative Polling ................................................................................................. 13 Topic 1: Ensure effective checks and balances between the State Great Khural and the Government .. 15 Proposal 1.1: Grant Prime Minister of Mongolia with authority to form his/her cabinet, appoint and dismiss members of the cabinet ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Static GK Notes for Railway Exams
    The Complete Static GK Notes for Railway Exams Page 1 of 93 Get the Best Online Test Series for Railway NTPC & Group D Exams | Get More Free Daily Practice Quizzes Click Here to Subscribe our Youtube Channel to Get Quality Lectures & Guidance in Telugu The Complete Static GK Notes for Railway Exams Static GK Topics STATIC GK S.No Contents Page Number 1 India And Its Neighbouring Countries 3 2 Important Awards and their Fields 8 3 Rupee Denomination and Features 10 4 Famous Temples in India & it’s Location 10 5 Symbols of Indian States and Union Territories 12 6 International Summits, Conferences and it’s Venues 13 7 List of Sports Events and Venues 17 8 Important Indian Cities and their Founders/Architects 20 9 List of countries and their official names 21 10 Indian Cities and Their Famous Industries 28 11 List of Ramsar Sites in India 30 12 List of Countries and their Parliament Names 33 13 Nicknames of famous personalities from India and the world 36 14 Important Signs or Symbols and Their Meanings 39 15 List of Highest Civilian Awards of major countries 39 16 Important Intelligence Agencies of the World 41 17 Official Books/Documents of Major Countries 42 18 Certification marks in India 42 19 List of Fathers of Various Fields 45 20 List of Fathers of Various Fields(India) 47 21 List of Tiger Reserve in India 48 22 List of International Food Festivals 50 23 List of Research & Educational Institutes in India 51 Page 2 of 93 Get the Best Online Test Series for Railway NTPC & Group D Exams | Get More Free Daily Practice Quizzes Click Here
    [Show full text]
  • 1 ````Resolution of the State Great Khural of Mongolia
    ````RESOLUTION OF THE STATE GREAT KHURAL OF MONGOLIA 28 August 2020 Government Palace, Ulaanbaatar # 24 Approval of the Action Plan of the Government of Mongolia for 2020-2024 In accordance with the Clause 1.7 of the Article 25 of the Constitution of Mongolia, Clause 7 of the Article 26 of the Law on Government of Mongolia and Article 9.2 of the Law on National Development Policy, Planning and Management, the State Great Khural is hereby RESOLVED TO: 1. Approve the Action Plan of the Government of Mongolia as in Annex 2. Charge the Government of Mongolia /U. Khurelsukh/ to take following measures in connection with the approval of the Action Plan of Government of Mongolia for 2020-2024: 1/ Approve the Implementation Plan of the Action Plan of the Government of Mongolia for 2020-2024 with a set of criteria, indicators and targets for monitoring and evaluation and present it to the State Great Khural within the first quarter of each year; 2/ Achieve the targets specified in the Action Plan of the Government of Mongolia by reflecting these in the annual Fiscal Framework Statement and State Budget; 3/ Carry out an assessment of financing sources required for the implementation of the Action Plan of the Government of Mongolia and debt sustainability analysis; 4/ Ensure the funding of 10 major projects with high economic impacts specified in the Action Plan of the Government of Mongolia for 2020-2024 to increase exports, employment opportunities and incomes of citizens using all possible financing modalities and instruments; 3. Charge the Government of Mongolia /U.
    [Show full text]
  • Mfrmongolia2010eng.Pdf
    Arctic Ocean Greenland Sea Beaufort Sea GREENLAND Norwegian Sea (DENMARK) ICELAND NORWAY U.S.A. SWEDEN FINLAND RUSSIA Hudson Bay ESTONIA Bering Sea Labrador Sea DENMARK LATVIA Gulf of Alaska CANADA U.K. RUSSIA LITHUANIA Sea of Okhotsk BELARUS IRELAND NETHERLANDS POLAND GERMANY BELGIUM CZECH REP. LUXEMBOURG UKRAINE LIECHTENSTEIN SLOVAKIA MOLDOVA KAZAKHSTAN SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA HUNGARY North Atlantic Ocean SLOVENIA ROMANIA MONGOLIA FRANCE ITALY CROATIA SERBIA BOSNIA & HERZ. MONTENEGRO MONACO BULGARIA GEORGIA UZBEKISTAN ANDORRA SAN MARINO MACEDONIA KYRGYZSTAN PORTUGAL KOSOVO ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN GREECE TURKMENISTAN NORTH KOREA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SPAIN TURKEY TAJIKISTAN ALBANIA North Pacic Ocean MALTA KASHMIR (PAKISTAN) CHINA SOUTH KOREA TUNISIA CYPRUS SYRIA LEBANON AFGHANISTAN KASHMIR (INDIA) MOROCCO ISRAELI OCCUPIED/PAL. AUTHO. IRAQ ISRAEL IRAN East JAPAN JORDAN TIBET (CHINA) China Sea KUWAIT PAKISTAN NEPAL ALGERIA BAHRAIN BHUTAN LIBYA MEXICO BAHAMAS EGYPT QATAR Gulf of Mexico WESTERN SAHARA (MOROCCO) U.A.E. TAIWAN PUERTO RICO (U.S.A.) INDIA North Pacic Ocean SAUDI ARABIA BURMA CUBA LAOS MAURITANIA BANGLADESH HONG KONG (CHINA) JAMAICA ST. KITTS & NEVIS OMAN MALI BELIZE HAITI ANTIGUA & BARBUDA NIGER DOM. REP. YEMEN South China Sea HONDURAS SENEGAL CHAD ERITREA Bay of Bengal THAILAND DOMINICA VIETNAM Caribbean Sea ST. LUCIA CAPE VERDE MARSHALL GUATEMALA GRENADA THE GAMBIA SUDAN PHILIPPINES ISLANDS EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA ST. VINCENT & GRENADINES BURKINA CAMBODIA BARBADOS FASO DJIBOUTI GUINEA BISSAU GUINEA BENIN NIGERIA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO SOMALILAND
    [Show full text]
  • BTI 2020 Country Report — Mongolia
    BTI 2020 Country Report Mongolia This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2020. It covers the period from February 1, 2017 to January 31, 2019. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of governance in 137 countries. More on the BTI at https://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2020 Country Report — Mongolia. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2020. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Contact Bertelsmann Stiftung Carl-Bertelsmann-Strasse 256 33111 Gütersloh Germany Sabine Donner Phone +49 5241 81 81501 [email protected] Hauke Hartmann Phone +49 5241 81 81389 [email protected] Robert Schwarz Phone +49 5241 81 81402 [email protected] Sabine Steinkamp Phone +49 5241 81 81507 [email protected] BTI 2020 | Mongolia 3 Key Indicators Population M 3.2 HDI 0.735 GDP p.c., PPP $ 13735 Pop. growth1 % p.a. 1.8 HDI rank of 189 92 Gini Index 32.3 Life expectancy years 69.5 UN Education Index 0.734 Poverty3 % 6.9 Urban population % 68.4 Gender inequality2 0.322 Aid per capita $ 245.3 Sources (as of December 2019): The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2019 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2019. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $3.20 a day at 2011 international prices. Executive Summary In July 2017, Democratic Party candidate Khaltmaa Battulga was elected Mongolia’s new president with 50.61% of the vote, defeating his rival Miyegombo Enkhbold from the ruling Mongolian People’s Party (MPP) who received 41.16% of the vote.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Landscape Copy
    death sentences and executions 2011 amnesty international is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the universal declaration of human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. amnesty international Publications First published in 2012 by amnesty international Publications international secretariat Peter Benenson house 1 easton street London Wc1x 0dW united Kingdom www.amnesty.org © amnesty international Publications 2012 index: act 50/001/2012 original language: english Printed by amnesty international, international secretariat, united Kingdom all rights reserved. this publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. the copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. Cover and back page images : stills from a “sand art” video produced by amnesty international Korea to coincide with an event at the national assembly in seoul, Republic of Korea,
    [Show full text]