Quest for the Perfect Sermon: Gospel-Centered, Story-Shaped Preaching
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Quest for the Perfect Sermon: Gospel-centered, Story-shaped Preaching Kent Landhuis Submitted to the faculty of Western Theological Seminary In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Ministry Holland, Michigan 2017 WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY H0LLAND, MI D.MIN. PROJECT Title of project: Quest for the Perfect Sermon: Gospel-centered, Story-shaped Preaching Author: KENT LANDHUIS Project Committee: ___________________________________ _________ John Schmidt Date ___________________________________ _________ Duane T. Loynes Date Internal Reader: Ron Rienstra External Reader: Adam Navis ii Abstract Preaching has taken it on the chin in recent years. The value of sermons is suspect. And yet, I serve a congregation where listeners gather every week with a sense of expectation that they will hear God speak to them through the sermon. I am curious about how this expectation develops and how this expectation shapes the congregation. In my context, we emphasize gospel and storytelling in sermons, and so a focus on gospel- centered, story-shaped preaching narrowed the scope of my project. The first step of my exploration attempted to define the gospel. Next, I looked at storytelling. Finally, I looked at preaching and how it shapes listeners within my congregation, Cedar Hills Community Church, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. In the final stage of exploration, I convened three collaborative study groups to study preaching texts, discuss sermon preparation and evaluate sermons. I used a narrative inquiry research approach to collect feedback formally from the study groups and informally from the congregation. By listening carefully to the stories the congregation told, I explored this thesis: gospel-centered, story-shaped preaching shapes listeners so that they will be equipped to share the story of Jesus in a way that invites others to lean in and say, “Tell me more.” After spending so much time in a story-rich environment, it made sense to report on the project with a story. iii Table of Contents Preface. Quest: In Search of the Perfect Sermon 1 Chapter 1. Routine: What’s Your Story? 18 Chapter 2. Call: Bad News, Good News. 34 Chapter 3. Reluctance: Preacher’s Voice. 54 Chapter 4. Search: Exploring Gospel-centered Sermons. 74 Chapter 5. Ordeal: Exploring Storytelling. 88 Chapter 6. Discovery: Exploring Story-shaped Preaching. 104 Chapter 7. Return: The Sound of Gospel-centered, Story-shaped Preaching. 121 Epilogue. Resonance: Finding My Voice 143 Appendixes A. Qualitative Research. 159 B. Handbook: The Stories We Tell 166 Bibliography 191 iv Every morning brings us news from across the globe, yet we are poor in newsworthy stories. This is because nowadays no event comes to us without being shot through with explanation. In other words, by now almost nothing happens that benefits storytelling; almost everything benefits information. Actually, it is half the art of storytelling to keep story free from explanation as one recounts it. Walter Benjamin, Illuminations: Essays and Reflections, 1936. v Preface Quest: In Search of the Perfect Sermon As long as we have stories to tell each other, there is hope. Henri Nouwen It’s nice to step outside, in the early morning light, after a hard, bleak winter and hear birds singing. Even if crisp air lingers, snow dots the landscape, and ice crystals cling to windshields. I wonder, do birds feel? Frost? Daybreak’s anticipation? The already-warm rays of the early morning sun? The joy of singing? Hope? It’s nice to start a new day with a chirp after a long, dark, night. 1 * * * Houston, we have a problem. Jim Lovell, Apollo 13 Here is the problem: too many words, too little story. People use “the Jesus story as a word-warehouse from which they take items that serve their verbal designs but ignore the story itself.”1 Excessive words, story poverty. Not many in the Christian community contest the primacy of Jesus. But surprisingly there are a great many who contest (or simply ignore) the canonical primacy of story. Inspirational slogans, apologetic arguments, grammatical analysis, historical reconstructions, consumer psychologies, meaningful encounters, bullying threats, and energizing challenges crowd out story. The name Jesus occurs often enough in these various and sundry verbal projects, but the story is more often than not ignored or overlooked.2 I am a recovering word-warehouse, story impoverished preacher who longs to do better. In the history of the world, I wonder how many perfect sermons have been preached – the proper word, at the proper time, delivered with a pitch-perfect tone. What is the ratio of perfect sermons compared to god-awful sermons? Dumb verbal commentary about god-knows-what delivered at the wrong time and place, aimed at the wrong audience. Pitch perfect, tone deaf or somewhere in between? What is the ratio of decent sermons compared to sub-par sermons? Probably still not good, and I know this, honestly, even if I look only at my own preaching. This should not be. Preaching is too important. 1 Eugene Peterson, “Gospel Quartet: Jesus in Four Voices.” In The Swiftly Tilting Worlds of Madeleine L'Engle: Essays in Her Honor, edited by Luci Shaw. (Wheaton, IL: Harold Shaw Publishers, 1998), 63. 2 Ibid., 63. 2 When I was a young gun associate pastor, I thought, “Give me a chance in the pulpit. I will deliver superior sermons that are both engaging and true.” When given a chance, on select summer holidays and random evening services, it was painful. For everyone. My performance in the pulpit embarrassed me and disappointed those who listened with delivery so poor that nobody bothered to listen to the content which was, no doubt, a blessing since my twentysomething's spin on the text was also lame. Everyone would have celebrated decent. I wanted to find my preaching voice. I imagined that I could preach a perfect sermon, and if not perfect, at least above average. I started to explore not just good preaching but also good communication. In search of my voice, I listened critically to others, and I listened carefully to myself. After eight years of listening, I received this glowing compliment from a friend, “You’re getting better.” And then God called me to another congregation. My application to Cedar Hills Community Church arrived after the deadline and addressed to the wrong congregation. My cover letter read: “Dear Search Committee of First Reformed Church, please consider my application to become your next pastor.” By some miracle, the good people at Cedar Hills interviewed me nonetheless, and then they called me to be their next pastor. Their top priority for me – preaching. On my first Sunday, I preached to about a hundred people. I set the tone by detailing my lack of preaching experience. I confessed that when I candidated, I intentionally did not preach my best sermon because I did not want them to get their expectations too high. I did not promise perfect sermons, but I reassured them, “The 3 Word of God is living and active, and if we gather every week to listen, God will speak. You have called me to this place so I will do my best.” After the service somebody jumped me on the way to coffee, “I’ll be honest with you,” he blurted out, “you were not my choice, but I guess we’re stuck with you now.” Another leader cornered me and whispered, “I was on the search team, and I was not impressed with your preaching. I voted for the other preacher.” That was my welcome to the pulpit at Cedar Hills twenty-two years ago. I am still preaching to these people. Anne Lamott says, “Hope begins in the dark, the stubborn hope that if you just show up and try to do the right thing, the dawn will come.”3 I’ve spent the last two decades of my life showing up, trying to do the right thing as a preacher. * * * The best story wins. Bobette Buster, Do Story Ernest Hemingway once made a bar bet about writing a story with the least number of words. So goes the legend. Hemingway wins the bet by writing six words on a napkin: “Baby shoes for sale. Never used.” “The six most powerful words in any language are, ‘Let me tell you a story.’”4 Humans, it turns out, are wired for story so that “human minds yield helplessly to the suction of story.”5 J.K. Rowling suggests that “unlike any other creature on this planet, 3 Anne Lamott, Bird By Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life (New York: Anchor Books, 1994), 15. 4 Ryan Matthews, What’s Your Story: Storytelling to Move Markets, Audiences, People and Brands (Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press, 2008), 10. 5Jonathan Gottschall, The Storytelling Animal: How Stories make us Human, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012), 3. 4 human beings can learn and understand without having experienced. They can think themselves into other people’s places.”6 People do that with stories.7 Luci Shaw claims, “Story and poetry are the most familiar and accessible ways for human beings to understand the world.”8 “Apple didn’t describe the original iPod as a 6.5-ounce music player with a five- gigabyte drive. It simply said, ‘1,000 songs in your pocket.’ This is the way human beings communicate, so this is the way Apple communicates.”9 This story sold millions of iPods. Paul Willis runs a family farm in Nebraska. His philosophy is “Let a pig be a pig”10 at least until it becomes a burrito and this story is part of Chipotle’s plan to sell food with integrity. People should know their food. Arthur Riolo sells more homes than all of his competitors combined.