DOCSLIB.ORG

State of the States: Mapping India's Northeast

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

No. 12, November 2008 StateoftheStates: MappingIndia’sNortheast BhagatOinam East-West Center Washington WORKINGPAPERS EastWestCenter TheEastWestCenteris=an internationallyrecognizededucation andresearchorganization establishedbytheU.S.Congressin 1960tostrengthenunderstanding and=relations=betweenthe=United= Statesandthe=countriesofthe=Asia Pacific.Throughitsprogramsof cooperativestudy,training,= seminars,andresearch,theCenter= workstopromotea=stable,peaceful andprosperousAsiaPacific communityinwhichtheUnited= Statesisaleadingandvalued partner.=Funding=for=the=Center= comesfortheU.S.government, privatefoundations,individuals, corporationsandanumberof=Asia Pacificgovernments. EastWestCenterWashington EstablishedonSeptember1,2001,the= primaryfunctionof=theEastWest CenterWashingtonistofurtherthe= EastWest=Centermissionandthe= institutionalobjective=ofbuildinga peaceful=andprosperous=AsiaPacific communitythroughsubstantive programmingactivitiesfocusedon thethemeofconflictreductioninthe= AsiaPacificregionandpromoting Americanunderstandingofand engagementinAsiaPacificaffairs. ContactInformation: Editor,=EWCWWorkingPapers EastWest=CenterWashington 1819L=Street,NW,=Suite200 Washington,D.C.20036 Tel:(202)2933995 Fax:(202)2931402 [email protected]= BhagatOinam=isanAssociateProfessorattheCenterforPhilosophy,Jawaharlal NehruUniversity,=India. EastWestCenterWashingtonWorkingPapers ThisWorkingPaperis=aproductoftheEastWestCenterProjectonInternal ConflictsandStateBuildingChallengesin=Asia.Seepages41—55fordetails. No. 12, November 2008 StateoftheStates: MappingIndia’sNortheast BhagatOinam EastWestCenterWashington WorkingPapers arenonreviewed anduneditedprepublicationsreportingonresearchinprogress.= TheseworkingpapersarealsoavailableinPDFformatonthe EastWestCenterWashington’s=websitePublicationspageat www.eastwestcenterwashington.org/publications.Additional papercopiescanbeobtainedbycontactingthetheEastWest CenterWashingtonoffice.ThepriceforEWCWWorkingPapers is$3.00eachpluspostage. EastWestCenter Washington = = = = = = = = = = = = StateoftheStates: MappingIndia’sNortheast = = = = OnJune18,2001,ahugemassagitationtook= state of Manipur is likely to be the worst place in the state of Manipur against the affected.Hence,whilea=lot=ofdisenchantment extension of ceasefire between the= echoed from the states of Assam and Government of India (GoI) and the Isaak Arunachal Pradesh, the state of Manipur= Muivah faction of the National Socialist= experienced the largest amount of protest Council of Nagaland (NSCNIM) to all the= interspersed with violence. In spite of a state= Naga inhabited areas in the region. The curfew, the agitationspread from theImphal agitation was= triggered by= a= subclause in the= East and Imphal West= districts, to the= agreement which read= that the ceasefire= Bishenpur and= Thoubal districts, encompass between the two parties would= no longer be ingtheentire=valleyofManipur.Theprotests= confined to the state of Nagaland but would= started on June 15, one day after the be extended “without territorial limits.”= This agreementwassigned,and=intensifiedonJune meant that the ceasefire= between the two 18whenthirteenagitatorslosttheirlivesafter parties would operate in= the Naga inhabited beingfiredbytheCentralReservePoliceForce= areas of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and= (CRPF) personnel near the Chief Minister’s Manipur.Nagainsurgentgroups,civilsociety= bungalowtodispersea=mobthatattackedthe= organizations,= and the political leadership= Chief Minister’s residence. The governor’s (Nagaland State Assembly) have= been bungalowwasalsotargetedin=a=failed=effort. demanding a= merger of “Naga inhabited Several state buildings and government areas” of these three states into a “Greater= properties were torched and turned to= ashes. Nagaland.” Greater Nagaland also aims at= Among these were the State Legislative merging the “Naga inhabited” northwestern Assemblyand=officesofsomepoliticalparties. part of Myanmar into its projected political= More than= 20 quarters of Members of= boundary. Within the Indian territory, the= LegislativeAssembly=(MLAs)andMembersof Bhagat Oinam Parliament (MPs) were also destroyed. Two= liberationstruggleagainst=theIndianstateand MLAs suffered severe= burn injuries. The= protecttheterritorialintegrityofManipur.In= Speaker of the State Assembly, Dhnanjoy the state of= Manipur attacks on= local MLAs Singh, was beaten up and garlanded= with andpoliticalofficescontinued.Finally,onJuly= shoes.Effigies=ofnotonlytheCentralpolitical= 27 the GoI unilaterally rolled back the Truce= leaders were burnt but the Indian flag was Extension leading to normalcy= of life= amidst= burntandtrampled.Initsplace,=asevencolor protest from NSCNIM and several Naga flagrepresentingManipurwashoisted. organizations.= In the next few days, different ethnic Thiseventisalandmarkinthehistoryof groups like= Rongmei Naga, Hmar,= Paite, Northeast India, highlighting the complex Vaiphei,Kuki,Maring,Nepali,andManipuri nature of the region, and the political Muslim, etc. joined the protest. Liangmei dynamics that involves the communities, Naga Students’ Union, however, supported= statesandalsotheIndianstate.Theburningof theceasefireextension.Therewerealso=other Indian flag and hoisting of the Manipuri= Naga groups that supported the ceasefire. sevencolor flag was seen= as resurrection of These supporters threatened many Naga Manipur’soldnational=pride.Itwasalsoseen= bodies who joined the protests. By June 26, by many= as handiwork= of some insurgent Manipuris in= Assam and= Tripura joined the= groupsenteringthemassagitationindisguise. protests and showed solidarity.= Manipuris in But little did= this section of agitators realize Bangladesh= started rallies at Sylhet.= that the seven colors only represent= seven Nonresident= Manipuris in the= United= clans of the majority Meitei community and= Kingdom(UK)joinedthe=protestand=created= thus could not be expected to represent the “Save Manipur Association” on July 2= in ethnicallydiversepeopleofManipur.Further, London. Other ethnic groups in other states there was no= earlier record of the use of this such as Dimasha in Hafflong joined the flag during the preceding British colonial= protest.NSCNKdeclared=thatNSCNIMdid= period.Itcertainlyseemsitwasaninvention not have the people’s mandate. On June 29, by some of the Meitei nationalists.= It was an= the All Assam Students Union (AASU)= attempttoreinventa=past—anoldheritageof threatenedtointensifytheprotestsagainstthe the kingdom of Manipur—destroyed by the= extension of the ceasefire. Eminent Britishbuttheactofdestructioncontinuedby= personalities= in the fields of sports, art and= the Indian state. While Manipur has a= long culture declared their intention to return the recorded=historyasa=sovereign=kingdom,the national= awards. The wellknown= theatre memory of this past is marked by symbols personality,= Ratan Thiyam, returned his and narratives that are very much present. PadmaShree=award=totheGoI.Union=Home Thereisnothinguniqueaboutthisenterprise; Minister of State, I.D.= Swami, arrived in= itonlyshowshowhistory(ofa=community)is ManipuronJuly5=andbeganconsultations=on= written(Ricoeur1994:127).Creationofa=new theterritorialissuewithpoliticalparties,civil Bharat= in the India during the later part of society groups, and ethnic community Britishcolonialruleisawellknownphasein= representatives. With the situation deterior Indian historiography. Similarly, creation of= ating I.D. Swami was airlifted from the thesevencolorflagisone=suchinvention.But= Governor’s bungalow to the Imphal airport= what is of immediate importance is that this andfinallytoNewDelhi.RSSalsopledgedto invention is the outcome of a sentiment of protect the territorial= integrity of= Manipur. anger from the sense of the loss= of the= past, MPLF, the joined body of three insurgent= and was largely witnessed among= many organizations PLA, UNLF, and PREEPAK sectionsoftheprotestorsofManipur.TheGoI (which is of course nonfunctional= today) on= wasseenasa=villain––asthesourceofallthe= July 24 reaffirmed= its resolve to continue= menace. It is this sentiment that was shaped= 2 State of the States: Mapping India’s Northeast intoapoliticallystructuredforminthe=voices= and its machineries. In the similar vein, civil oftheinsurgentorganizationsintheregion.If society groups in the hills where NCSNIM= onelooksathowtheinsurgencystartedinthe has its stronghold came out sharply against states of Nagaland, Manipur or Assam, even Meitei chauvinism and= dominance. They thoughtheemergenceof=thephenomenamay criticized the GoI for succumbing to the= varyfromone=social=dynamictoanother,one= pressure by the Meiteis.= The divide of the still invariably finds an undercurrent of peopleson=ethniclinecameoutopenly. defianceofalingeringcolonialforce.Thereis The two types of crises;––(i)= of re also a= lurking= belief that by freeing oneself sponding to= the challenges questioning the= fromthiscolonialyoke,onecanrecoverone’s legitimacyoftheIndianstatebythenonstate= “lostpast.”=Thisdefianceandinsurgenceisa (insurgent) forces, and= (ii) of handling the= major crisis that the region is currently faced= ethnic conflicts and political= claims on ethnic with.ThetargetinvariablyistheIndianstate. line––haveemergedinthe=formofchallenges Even the regional= states and their= govern to the Indian state as well as the regional= ments are seen as an extension of the Indian= states. state. The violent protests of June 18, largely To elaboratethe first point, the statusof targeted against Manipur’s political leader theIndianstateasapoliticallylegitimatestate
Recommended publications
  • INSURGENCY in the INDIAN NORTHEAST: STUDENT VOICES from KOLKATA India's Disputed Borderland Regions Consist of Kashmir In

    INSURGENCY in the INDIAN NORTHEAST: STUDENT VOICES from KOLKATA India's Disputed Borderland Regions Consist of Kashmir In

    INSURGENCY IN THE INDIAN NORTHEAST: STUDENT VOICES FROM KOLKATA India’s disputed borderland regions consist of Kashmir in the extreme north western part of the subcontinent and the north-east, located on the other side of the subcontinent in the extreme eastern sector of the Himalayas. A disputed territory is an area over which two or more actors (states or ethnic groups) claim sovereignty (Wolff, 2003:3). Since independence in 1947, from British colonial rule, India has had very problematic relations with both Kashmir and the Northeast, both of which have been classified as ‘disturbed areas’ by the New Delhi political establishment. Both regions have experienced strong secessionist movements that have tried to break away from the Indian union. ‘Secession is a bid for independence through the redrawing of a state’s geographical boundaries in order to exclude the territory that the seceding group occupies from the state’s sovereignty’ (Webb, 2012:471). Insurgent groups from both regions, Kashmir and the Indian northeast, do not seem to have a sense of one-ness with the rest of India or India proper. Also, in both regions, external forces have been strongly involved since independence e.g. Pakistan in Kashmir and China and Burma in the Indian north-eastern states. Out of the two disputed borderland regions, this paper will be focussing only on the Indian northeast. It is the aim of this paper to look into the many facets of the conflict in the Indian northeast and to especially focus on student voices. One reason why students have been chosen for purposes of this paper is because throughout the contemporary history of the Indian northeast especially with regard to Assam, students have been very active in putting their demands forward to the national Indian government and have been active in organising protest movements and causing political agitation.
  • Civil Society in Uncivil Places: Soft State and Regime Change in Nepal

    Civil Society in Uncivil Places: Soft State and Regime Change in Nepal

    48 About this Issue Recent Series Publications: Policy Studies 48 Policy Studies Policy This monograph analyzes the role of civil Policy Studies 47 society in the massive political mobilization Supporting Peace in Aceh: Development and upheavals of 2006 in Nepal that swept Agencies and International Involvement away King Gyanendra’s direct rule and dra- Patrick Barron, World Bank Indonesia matically altered the structure and character Adam Burke, London University of the Nepali state and politics. Although the opposition had become successful due to a Policy Studies 46 strategic alliance between the seven parlia- Peace Accords in Northeast India: mentary parties and the Maoist rebels, civil Journey over Milestones Places in Uncivil Society Civil society was catapulted into prominence dur- Swarna Rajagopalan, Political Analyst, ing the historic protests as a result of nation- Chennai, India al and international activities in opposition to the king’s government. This process offers Policy Studies 45 new insights into the role of civil society in The Karen Revolution in Burma: Civil Society in the developing world. Diverse Voices, Uncertain Ends By focusing on the momentous events of Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung, University of the nineteen-day general strike from April Massachusetts, Lowell 6–24, 2006, that brought down the 400- Uncivil Places: year-old Nepali royal dynasty, the study high- Policy Studies 44 lights the implications of civil society action Economy of the Conflict Region within the larger political arena involving con- in Sri Lanka: From Embargo to Repression ventional actors such as political parties, trade Soft State and Regime Muttukrishna Sarvananthan, Point Pedro unions, armed rebels, and foreign actors.
  • Naga Peace Talks

    Naga Peace Talks

    Naga Peace Talks drishtiias.com/printpdf/naga-peace-talks Why in News Recently, the Nagaland Government appealed to all Naga political groups and extremist groups to cooperate in establishing unity, reconciliation and peace in the region. The peace process between the central government and two sets of the Naga extremist groups has been delaying for more than 23 years. Nagas Nagas are a hill people who are estimated to number about 2.5 million (1.8 million in Nagaland, 0.6 million in Manipur and 0.1 million in Arunachal states) and living in the remote and mountainous country between the Indian state of Assam and Burma. There are also Naga groups in Burma. The Nagas are not a single tribe, but an ethnic community that comprises several tribes who live in the state of Nagaland and its neighbourhood. Nagas belong to the Indo-Mongoloid Family. There are nineteen major Naga tribes, namely, Aos, Angamis, Changs, Chakesang, Kabuis, Kacharis, Khain-Mangas, Konyaks, Kukis, Lothas (Lothas), Maos, Mikirs, Phoms, Rengmas, Sangtams, Semas, Tankhuls, Yamchumgar and Zeeliang. Key Points 1/4 Background of Naga Insurgency: The Naga Hills became part of British India in 1881. The effort to bring scattered Naga tribes together resulted in the formation of the Naga Club in 1918. The club aroused a sense of Naga nationalism. The club metamorphosed into the Naga National Council (NNC) in 1946. Under the leadership of Angami Zapu Phizo, the NNC declared Nagaland as an independent State on 14th August, 1947, and conducted a “referendum” in May 1951 to claim that 99.9% of the Nagas supported a “sovereign Nagaland”.
  • Vol III Issue I June2017

    Vol III Issue I June2017

    Vol III Issue 1 June 2017 ISSN 2395-7352 MIZORAM UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES (A National Refereed Bi-Annual Journal) MIZORAM UNIVERSITY NAAC Accredited Grade ‘A’ (2014) (A CENTRAL UNIVERSITY) TANHRIL, AIZAWL – 796004 MIZORAM, INDIA i . ii Vol III Issue 1 June 2017 ISSN 2395-7352 MIZORAM UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES (A National Refereed Bi-Annual Journal) Chief Editor Prof. Margaret Ch. Zama Editor Prof. J. Doungel iii Patron : Prof. Lianzela, Vice Chancellor, Mizoram University Advisor : Mr. C. Zothankhuma, IDAS, Registrar, Mizoram University Editorial Board Prof. Margaret Ch. Zama, Dept. of English, Chief Editor Prof. Srinibas Pathi, Dept. of Public Administration, Member Prof. NVR Jyoti Kumar, Dept. of Commerce, Member Prof. Lalhmasai Chuaungo, Dept. of Education, Member Prof. Sanjay Kumar, Dept. of Hindi, Member Prof. J. Doungel, Dept. of Political Science, Member Dr. V. Ratnamala, Dept. of Jour & Mass Communication, Member Dr. Hmingthanzuali, Dept. of History & Ethnography, Member Mr. Lalsangzuala, Dept. of Mizo, Member National Advisory Board Prof. Sukadev Nanda, Former Vice Chancellor of FM University, Bhubaneswar Prof. K. Rama Mohana Rao, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam Prof. K. C. Baral, Director, EFLU, Shillong Prof. Arun Hota, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal Dr. Sunil Behari Mohanty, Editor, Journal of AIAER, Puducherry Prof. Joy. L. Pachuau, JNU, New Delhi Prof. G. Ravindran, University of Madras, Chennai Prof. Ksh. Bimola Devi, Manipur University, Imphal iv CONTENTS From the Desk of the Chief Editor vii Conceptualizing Traditions and Traditional Institutions in Northeast India 1 - T.T. Haokip Electoral Reform: A Lesson from Mizoram People Forum (MPF) 11 - Joseph C.
  • Political and Planning History of Delhi Date Event Colonial India 1819 Delhi Territory Divided City Into Northern and Southern Divisions

    Political and Planning History of Delhi Date Event Colonial India 1819 Delhi Territory Divided City Into Northern and Southern Divisions

    Political and Planning History of Delhi Date Event Colonial India 1819 Delhi Territory divided city into Northern and Southern divisions. Land acquisition and building of residential plots on East India Company’s lands 1824 Town Duties Committee for development of colonial quarters of Cantonment, Khyber Pass, Ridge and Civil Lines areas 1862 Delhi Municipal Commission (DMC) established under Act no. 26 of 1850 1863 Delhi Municipal Committee formed 1866 Railway lines, railway station and road links constructed 1883 First municipal committee set up 1911 Capital of colonial India shifts to Delhi 1912 Town Planning Committee constituted by colonial government with J.A. Brodie and E.L. Lutyens as members for choosing site of new capital 1914 Patrick Geddes visits Delhi and submits report on the walled city (now Old Delhi)1 1916 Establishment of Raisina Municipal Committee to provide municiap services to construction workers, became New Delhi Municipal Committee (NDMC) 1931 Capital became functional; division of roles between CPWD, NDMC, DMC2 1936 A.P. Hume publishes Report on the Relief of Congestion in Delhi (commissioned by Govt. of India) to establish an industrial colony on outskirts of Delhi3 March 2, 1937 Delhi Improvement Trust (DIT) established with A.P. Hume as Chairman to de-congest Delhi4, continued till 1951 Post-colonial India 1947 Flux of refugees in Delhi post-Independence 1948 New neighbourhoods set up in urban fringe, later called ‘greater Delhi’ 1949 Central Coordination Committee for development of greater Delhi set up under
  • UNICEF Support to the COVID-19 Surge in India As Part of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A)

    UNICEF Support to the COVID-19 Surge in India As Part of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A)

    UNICEF support to the COVID-19 surge in India as part of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A) The reach and capacity of the cold chain system in India is strengthened to sustain the massive COVID- 19 vaccine drive • UNICEF has worked at the request of MoHFW to augment the cold chain network across the country since third quarter of 2020. In preparation of the launch of vaccination drive, additional cold chain equipment, such as a Walk-In Cold Rooms (WIC), Walk-In Freezer Rooms (WIF), fridges and deep freezers were procured to enhance vaccine storage at all levels. Vaccine transportation passive devices (cold box/vaccine carriers) were also procured to support the vaccination rollout. • The vaccine rollout was launched nationwide on the 16th of January 2021, with priority to Health Care Workers, Frontline Workers and people aged 60 years and above. On 1st April 2021, vaccination was made available to those above the age of 45. Over 156 million vaccine doses have been administered as of 1st May 2021, Day 106 of the vaccination campaign, making India the country with the fastest vaccination scale up in the world. • As of May 1st, vaccine eligibility has been expanded to all above the age of 18. With this expansion and to support equitable access to vaccination even in remote areas, UNICEF will/ plans to further augment bulk storage sites by providing additional equipment (WIC/WIF) along with Solar Direct Drive (SDD) Fridges for remote locations with limited power supply. • Current COVID-19 vaccines in use in India are freeze sensitive.
  • Seventh Schedule of Indian Constitution - Article 246

    Seventh Schedule of Indian Constitution - Article 246

    Seventh Schedule of Indian Constitution - Article 246 The 7th Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with the division of powers between the Union government and State governments. It is a part of 12 Schedules of Indian Constitution. The division of ​ ​ powers between Union and State is notified through three kinds of the list mentioned in the seventh schedule: 1. Union List – List I 2. State List – List II 3. Concurrent List – List III Union List, State List, Concurrent List – Introduction As mentioned earlier, Article 246 deals with the 7th Schedule of the Indian Constitution that mentions three lists named as Union List, State List and Concurrent List which specify the divisions of power between Union and States. The key features of Union List, State List & Concurrent List are mentioned in the tables below: 7th Schedule of Indian Constitution – Union List It originally had 97 subjects. Now, it has 100 subjects Centre has exclusive powers to makes laws on the subjects mentioned under the Union List of Indian Constitution The Union List signifies the strong centre as it has more subjects than state list It contains more important subjects than included in any of the other two lists All the issues/matters that are important for the nation and those requiring uniformity of legislation nationwide are included in the Union List The dominance of Union List over State List is secured by the Constitution of India as in any conflict between the two or overlapping, the Union List prevails Law made by the Parliament on a subject of the Union List can confer powers and impose duties on a state, or authorise the conferring of powers and imposition of duties by the Centre upon a state There are 15 subjects in the Union List on which Parliament has an exclusive power to levy taxes 88th Amendment added a new subject in the Union List called ‘taxes on services.’ Supreme Court’s jurisdiction and powers with respect to matters in the Union list can be enlarged by ​ the Parliament 7th Schedule of Indian Constitution – State List It has 61 subjects.
  • Greater Nagalim” Economically Viable and Sustainable?

    Greater Nagalim” Economically Viable and Sustainable?

    IS INDEPENDENT “GREATER NAGALIM” ECONOMICALLY VIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE? A. S. VAREKAN HoD Dept. Of Economics, Spicer Adventist University Pune (MS) INDIA The conglomerate Naga tribes and sub-tribes have been fighting for freedom and motherland during the British rule and in Independent India. They took to arms to this cause in Independent India and have always been that way since. The armed struggle movement have seen many drastic changes in the organization, leadership and demand but the ultimate goal of bringing all the Naga inhabited areas under one administration have stood the test of time. “Nagalim” is a term that denotes the demand for one administration of all the Naga inhabited areas which presently falls under four North-eastern states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland. The demand for Nagalim ranges from greater autonomy to complete independent nation. This paper examines whether it is economical viable and sustainable if the aspiration of an independent nation comes true or if not should it look for some other alternative which may be socially, economically and politically viable in the interest of all stakeholders. Key Words: Naga Club, NNC, NSCN, NSCN (I-M), NSCN (K), Nagalim, resources, Ceasefire, Framework Agreement INTRODUCTION: Nagaland was created as one of the Indian state in 1963. It was carved out of Assam to satisfy one of the long standing demands of the Naga people to be independent and free. One of the reasons could also have been the fallout of the Hydari Agreement and the armed struggle of the Naga insurgent movement. A. S. VAREKAN 1P a g e How did the Nagas of the present derived this acronym is still a topic of debate and have many theories.
  • Prayer-Guide-South-Asia.Pdf

    Prayer-Guide-South-Asia.Pdf

    2021 Daily Prayer Guide for all People Groups & Unreached People Groups = LR-UPGs = of South Asia Joshua Project data, www.joshuaproject.net (India DPG is separate) Western edition To order prayer resources or for inquiries, contact email: [email protected] I give credit & thanks to Create International for permission to use their PG photos. 2021 Daily Prayer Guide for all People Groups & LR-UPGs = Least-Reached-Unreached People Groups of South Asia = this DPG SOUTH ASIA SUMMARY: 873 total People Groups; 733 UPGs The 6 countries of South Asia (India; Bangladesh; Nepal; Sri Lanka; Bhutan; Maldives) has 3,178 UPGs = 42.89% of the world's total UPGs! We must pray and reach them! India: 2,717 total PG; 2,445 UPGs; (India is reported in separate Daily Prayer Guide) Bangladesh: 331 total PG; 299 UPGs; Nepal: 285 total PG; 275 UPG Sri Lanka: 174 total PG; 79 UPGs; Bhutan: 76 total PG; 73 UPGs; Maldives: 7 total PG; 7 UPGs. Downloaded from www.joshuaproject.net in September 2020 LR-UPG definition: 2% or less Evangelical & 5% or less Christian Frontier (FR) definition: 0% to 0.1% Christian Why pray--God loves lost: world UPGs = 7,407; Frontier = 5,042. Color code: green = begin new area; blue = begin new country "Prayer is not the only thing we can can do, but it is the most important thing we can do!" Luke 10:2, Jesus told them, "The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few. Ask the Lord of the harvest, therefore, to send out workers into his harvest field." Why Should We Pray For Unreached People Groups? * Missions & salvation of all people is God's plan, God's will, God's heart, God's dream, Gen.
  • Copyright by Jogendro Singh Kshetrimayum 2011

    Copyright by Jogendro Singh Kshetrimayum 2011

    Copyright by Jogendro Singh Kshetrimayum 2011 The Report Committee for Jogendro Singh Kshetrimayum Certifies that this is the approved version of the following report: The Politics of Fixity: A report on the ban of Hindi films in Manipur, Northeast India. APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: Kuashik Ghosh Kathleen C. Stewart The Politics of Fixity: A report on the ban of Hindi films in Manipur, Northeast India. by Jogendro Singh Kshetrimayum, M.Sc. Report Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin December 2011 Dedication I dedicate this report to my parents who have always believed in me and Oja Niranjoy who was a passionate teacher and a kind soul. Acknowledgements I thank Tamo Sunil for providing me with valuable insights and information about Manipuri film industry. I also thank him for his time and his efforts to connect me with Manipuri filmmakers, Mukhomani Mongsaba, Lancha and Oken Amakcham. I am very grateful to Maria Luz Garcia, who has been a constant support throughout the different phases of writing this report. Without her constant encouragements it would have been difficult to finish this report. I also thank her for patiently going through my materials and helping me with copyediting. I am grateful to Kathleen Stewart for her comments and suggestions on the report. I thank Kaushik-da for always believing in me. I owe a lot to Kaushik-da for his wonderful insights on a wide range of topics.
  • Department of History MODERN COLLEGE, IMPHAL

    Department of History MODERN COLLEGE, IMPHAL

    Department of History MODERN COLLEGE, IMPHAL A. FACULTY BIODATA 1. Personal Profile: Full Name Dr. Pechimayum Pravabati Devi Designation Associate Professor, HOD Date of Birth 01-03-1961 Date of Joining Service 12-10-1990 Subject Specialisation Ancient Indian History Qualification M.A. Ph. D Email [email protected] Contact Number +91 9436284578 Full Name Dr. Moirangthem Imocha Singh Designation Assistant Professor Date of Birth 01-10-1968 Date of Joining Service 16-01-2009 Subject Specialisation Mordern Indian History Qualification M.A. Ph. D Email [email protected] Contact Number 9856148957 Full Name Takhellambam Priya Devi Designation Assistant Professor Date of Birth 10-03-1968 Date of Joining Service 10-05-2016 Subject Specialisation Ancient Indian History Qualification M.A. M. Phil Email [email protected] Contact Number 9862979880 B. Evaluative Report General Information: History Department was open from the establishment of this College since 1963 till today. At present, our Department has three faculty members. Every year around 400 students enrolled in our Department. Sanctioned seat for honours course is 100 of which around 60 students offer honourse. Pass percentage of our Department ranges between 60 to 70 percent. Unit test in the University question pattern are held for every semester, twice for honours students and once for general students. Seminars are compulsory for Honourse students of 5th and 6th semester. Unit test and seminars are not in the ordinance of Manipur University. But in our college, these seminars and unit test are compulsory and held for the betterment of the students. Academic Activity: Faculty members are regularly participated in various academic activities like orientation, refresher course, seminars on international and national level, published books, and presented papers in journals.
  • Naga Peace Talks

    Naga Peace Talks

    Naga Peace Talks drishtiias.com/printpdf/naga-peace-talks Why in News Recently, the Nagaland Government appealed to all Naga political groups and extremist groups to cooperate in establishing unity, reconciliation and peace in the region. The peace process between the central government and two sets of the Naga extremist groups has been delaying for more than 23 years. Nagas Nagas are a hill people who are estimated to number about 2.5 million (1.8 million in Nagaland, 0.6 million in Manipur and 0.1 million in Arunachal states) and living in the remote and mountainous country between the Indian state of Assam and Burma. There are also Naga groups in Burma. The Nagas are not a single tribe, but an ethnic community that comprises several tribes who live in the state of Nagaland and its neighbourhood. Nagas belong to the Indo-Mongoloid Family. There are nineteen major Naga tribes, namely, Aos, Angamis, Changs, Chakesang, Kabuis, Kacharis, Khain-Mangas, Konyaks, Kukis, Lothas (Lothas), Maos, Mikirs, Phoms, Rengmas, Sangtams, Semas, Tankhuls, Yamchumgar and Zeeliang. Key Points 1/4 Background of Naga Insurgency: The Naga Hills became part of British India in 1881. The effort to bring scattered Naga tribes together resulted in the formation of the Naga Club in 1918. The club aroused a sense of Naga nationalism. The club metamorphosed into the Naga National Council (NNC) in 1946. Under the leadership of Angami Zapu Phizo, the NNC declared Nagaland as an independent State on 14th August, 1947, and conducted a “referendum” in May 1951 to claim that 99.9% of the Nagas supported a “sovereign Nagaland”.